CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1619 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4554d451-1eb8-4cc5-afcb-057c6d0e18f1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1619","wgTitle":"1619","wgCurRevisionId":1269979974,"wgRevisionId":1269979974,"wgArticleId":35108,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Use mdy dates from March 2011","Articles needing additional references from February 2019","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","1619"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1619","wgRelevantArticleId":35108,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6804","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="631"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg/800px-Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="421"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg/640px-Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="337"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1619 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1619 rootpage-1619 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1619" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1619" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1619" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1619" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–_March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–_March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>January– March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–_March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1619</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 150 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1619 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1619 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1619 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1619 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۱۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۶۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="১৬১৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬১৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_n%C3%AE" title="1619 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1619 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619." title="1619. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1619." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۱۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۶۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%E5%B9%B4" title="1619年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1619年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%EB%85%84" title="1619년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1619년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619." title="1619. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1619." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৬১৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৬১৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1619-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1619-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF" title="೧೬೧೯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೬೧೯" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1619 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1619 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1619 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1619 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1619 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1619 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B8" title="1619 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1619 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619._gads" title="1619. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1619. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1619 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1619 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_m." title="1619 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1619 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१६१९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१६१९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १६१९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १६१९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۱۶۱۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۶۱۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1619 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1619 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%86%E1%81%81%E1%81%89" title="၁၆၁၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၆၁၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १६१९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १६१९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%E5%B9%B4" title="1619年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1619年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୬୧୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୬୧୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१६१९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१६१९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1619 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1619 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१६१९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१६१९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%D8%B9" title="1619ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1619ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A6%D9%A1%D9%A9" title="١٦١٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٦١٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619." title="1619. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1619." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1619 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1619 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2162" title="พ.ศ. 2162 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2162" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1619" title="Соли 1619 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1619" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%D8%A1" title="1619ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1619ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%E5%B9%B4" title="1619年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1619年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%E5%B9%B4" title="1619年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1619年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619%E5%B9%B4" title="1619年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1619年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1619" title="1619 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1619" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6804#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1619" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1619" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1619"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1619"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1619" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1619" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&oldid=1269979974" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1619&id=1269979974&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1619"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1619"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1619&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1619" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1619" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6804" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1619" title="Special:EditPage/1619">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221619%22">"1619"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221619%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221619%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221619%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221619%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221619%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year. For the New York Times journalistic project, see <a href="/wiki/The_1619_Project" title="The 1619 Project">The 1619 Project</a>.</div><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1590s" title="1590s">1590s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1600s_(decade)" title="1600s (decade)">1600s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1610s" title="1610s">1610s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620s" title="1620s">1620s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1616" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1616">1616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1617" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1617">1617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1618" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1618">1618</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1619" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1619">1619</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1620" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1620">1620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1621" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1621">1621</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1622" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1622">1622</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_(Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet)(1619,_Claes_Jansz._Visscher).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg/300px-Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg/450px-Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg/600px-Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_pensionary" title="Grand pensionary">Grand pensionary</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a> is executed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1619" title="Category:1619">1619 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1610s_in_architecture" title="1610s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1619_in_art" title="1619 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1619_in_literature" title="1619 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1619_in_music" title="1619 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1619_in_science" title="1619 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1619" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1619">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_17th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 17th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 17th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1619_births" title="Category:1619 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1619_deaths" title="Category:1619 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1619_establishments" title="Category:1619 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1619_disestablishments" title="Category:1619 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1619_works" title="Category:1619 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1619 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1619<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2372</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1068<br />ԹՎ ՌԿԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6369</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1540–1541</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1025–1026</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2569</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>16 <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">Ja. 1</a> – 17 <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">Ja. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2163</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>981</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7127–7128</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊午</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4316 or 4109<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己未年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4317 or 4110</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1335–1336</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2785</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1611–1612</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5379–5380</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1675–1676</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1540–1541</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4719–4720</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11619</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>619–620</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>997–998</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1028–1029</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Genna" title="Genna">Genna</a> 5<br />(元和５年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1539–1540</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 10 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3952</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>293 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前293年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>151</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2161–2162</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土马年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />1745 or 1364 or 592<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土羊年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />1746 or 1365 or 593</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1619</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCXIX</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1619th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 619th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 19th year of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, and the 10th and last year of the <a href="/wiki/1610s" title="1610s">1610s</a> decade. As of the start of 1619, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–_March"><span id="January.E2.80.93_March"></span>January– March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January– March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House, Whitehall</a> in London is destroyed by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a> is commissioned to design a replacement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">Earthquake</a> flattens the town of <a href="/wiki/Trujillo,_Peru" title="Trujillo, Peru">Trujillo, Peru</a>, killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor</a> dies, leaving the Holy Roman Empire without an official leader, to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Bohemian Revolt</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sarhu">Battle of Sarhu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Nurhaci" title="Nurhaci">Nurhaci</a> is victorious over the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> forces.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">Synod of Dort</a> has its final meeting.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">statesman</a> <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a> is executed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, after having been convicted of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, queen consort of England, is <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Anne_of_Denmark" title="Death and funeral of Anne of Denmark">buried</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen" title="Jan Pieterszoon Coen">Jan Pieterszoon Coen</a>, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquers <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jakarta" title="History of Jakarta">Jayakarta</a>, and renames it <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jakarta" title="History of Jakarta">Batavia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sablat" title="Battle of Sablat">Battle of Sablat</a>: Protestant forces are defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_College" title="Dulwich College">Dulwich College</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Alleyn" title="Edward Alleyn">Edward Alleyn</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dulwich" title="Dulwich">Dulwich</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>, the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a> (later named <a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgesses" title="House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a>), convenes for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C4%9Bstonice" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Věstonice">Battle of Věstonice</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemian</a> forces defeat the Austrians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Treaty of Angoulême">Treaty of Angoulême</a> ends the civil war between <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a> and his mother, <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – A <a href="/wiki/First_Africans_in_Virginia" title="First Africans in Virginia">group "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans</a>, onboard the <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a> ship <i><a href="/wiki/White_Lion_(privateer)" title="White Lion (privateer)">White Lion</a></i> (the first in the state of Virginia), are landed at <a href="/wiki/Old_Point_Comfort" title="Old Point Comfort">Point Comfort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">colonial Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Frederick V of the Palatinate">Frederick V of the Palatinate</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a> by the states of the Bohemian Confederacy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a>, Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is elected <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> unanimously by the <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">prince-electors</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, Prince <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bethlen" title="Gabriel Bethlen">Gabriel Bethlen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Transylvania</a> (now in Romania) conquers <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Kassa</a> (now Košice in Slovakia) with the help of <a href="/wiki/George_I_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" title="George I Rákóczi">George I Rákóczi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaj_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Gaj Singh of Marwar">Gaj Singh Rathore</a> becomes the new Raja of <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a> (within the Mughal Empire) at <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a> in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, <a href="/wiki/Sur_Singh" title="Sur Singh">Sur Singh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> (7 Thout 1336 on the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a>) – Abba Yoannis El-Mallawany of Egypt becomes the new head of the Coptic Christian Church as <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XV of Alexandria">Pope John XV of Alexandria</a> succeeding the late <a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark_V_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Mark V of Alexandria">Pope Mark V</a>, who died on September 11.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Munich_(1619)" title="Treaty of Munich (1619)">Treaty of Munich</a> is signed by Ferdinand II and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – While stationed along the Danube river with Bavarian troops, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, according to his biographer <a href="/wiki/Adrien_Baillet" title="Adrien Baillet">Adrien Baillet</a>, has a series of dreams giving him the idea of applying the mathematical method to philosophy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Parker_School" class="mw-redirect" title="William Parker School">William Parker School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>, England, is founded by the will of Reverend William Parker.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>– <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Battle of Humenné</a>: Polish <a href="/wiki/Lisowczycy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisowczycy">Lisowczycy</a> troops assist the Holy Roman Emperor by defeating a Transylvanian force, forcing <a href="/wiki/Gabor_Bethlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabor Bethlen">Gabor Bethlen</a> to raise his siege of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – Thirty-eight <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> disembark in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> from the <i>Margaret</i> of Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, in what is considered by some historians to be the first <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> in the Americas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> grants a British mission important commercial concessions at <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a>, on the west coast of India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A9_Rovers" title="Salé Rovers">Salé Rovers</a> declare the port of <a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A9" title="Salé">Salé</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a> to be the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sal%C3%A9" title="Republic of Salé">Republic of Salé</a>, independent of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Morocco">Sultan of Morocco</a>, with the Dutch-born <a href="/wiki/Barbary_corsair" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary corsair">corsair</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Janszoon" title="Jan Janszoon">Jan Janszoon</a> as president.</li> <li>The Danish–Dutch <a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">whaling</a> settlement of <a href="/wiki/Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>.</li> <li>An expedition in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Phillippe_de_Oliveira" title="Phillippe de Oliveira">Filipe de Oliveira</a>, deposes and executes the last Jaffna king (<a href="/wiki/Cankili_II" title="Cankili II">Cankili II</a>), putting an end to the <a href="/wiki/Jaffna_kingdom" title="Jaffna kingdom">Jaffna Kingdom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_de_Nodal_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Garcia de Nodal expedition">A Spanish expedition</a> sails around <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>, mapping the coast and discovering the <a href="/wiki/Diego_Ram%C3%ADrez_Islands" title="Diego Ramírez Islands">Diego Ramírez Islands</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_brun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_brun.jpg/120px-Le_brun.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_brun.jpg/250px-Le_brun.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Mews.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peter_Mews.jpg/120px-Peter_Mews.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Peter_Mews.jpg/250px-Peter_Mews.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mews" title="Peter Mews">Peter Mews</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg/120px-AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg/165px-AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/AnnaSophiaRheinQued.jpg 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sophia_I,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg/110px-Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg/165px-Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg/220px-Jan_van_Riebeeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Riebeeck" title="Jan van Riebeeck">Jan van Riebeeck</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg/110px-Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg/165px-Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg/220px-Carel_van_Savoyen_-_Self-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4652" data-file-height="6862" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carel_van_Savoyen" title="Carel van Savoyen">Carel van Savoyen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijcklof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rijcklof.jpg/110px-Rijcklof.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rijcklof.jpg/165px-Rijcklof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rijcklof.jpg/220px-Rijcklof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="949" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rijcklof_van_Goens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijcklof van Goens">Rijcklof van Goens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon,_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg/110px-Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg/165px-Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg/220px-Belliard_-_Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon%2C_Duchesse_de_Longueville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Geneviève de Bourbon">Anne Geneviève de Bourbon</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney,_3rd_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester">Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Archer_(died_1685)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Archer (died 1685)">Thomas Archer</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Spaen" title="Alexander von Spaen">Alexander von Spaen</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Elisabeth_of_Nassau-Hadamar" title="Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar">Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar</a>, by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Harzgerode (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Bording" title="Anders Bording">Anders Bording</a>, Danish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rashleigh_(1619%E2%80%9393)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rashleigh (1619–93)">John Rashleigh</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Ansai" title="Yamazaki Ansai">Yamazaki Ansai</a>, Japanese philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Ricci" title="Michelangelo Ricci">Michelangelo Ricci</a>, Roman Catholic cardinal, mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Phelips_(Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster)" title="Robert Phelips (Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster)">Robert Phelips</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Charleton" title="Walter Charleton">Walter Charleton</a>, English natural philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_Inseon" title="Queen Inseon">Queen Inseon</a>, Korean royal consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsugaru_Nobuyoshi" title="Tsugaru Nobuyoshi">Tsugaru Nobuyoshi</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aske_(merchant)" title="Robert Aske (merchant)">Robert Aske</a>, merchant in the City of London (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, French painter and art theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Morosini" title="Francesco Morosini">Francesco Morosini</a>, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Felice_Tosi" title="Giuseppe Felice Tosi">Giuseppe Felice Tosi</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_Giustinian" title="Marcantonio Giustinian">Marcantonio Giustinian</a>, 107th Doge of Venice (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ames_(naval_commander)" title="Joseph Ames (naval commander)">Joseph Ames</a>, English naval commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac" title="Cyrano de Bergerac">Cyrano de Bergerac</a>, French soldier and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Lohner" title="Tobias Lohner">Tobias Lohner</a>, Austrian Jesuit theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Vacher" title="Jean Le Vacher">Jean Le Vacher</a>, French Lazarist missionary and French consul (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Albrecht,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach">Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mews" title="Peter Mews">Peter Mews</a>, English Royalist theologian and bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Duke_of_Saxe-Zeitz" title="Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz">Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz</a> (1657–1681) (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onofrio_Gabrieli" class="mw-redirect" title="Onofrio Gabrieli">Onofrio Gabrieli</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sophia_I,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a>, Dutch abbess (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_der_Hulst" title="Abraham van der Hulst">Abraham van der Hulst</a>, Dutch admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Riebeeck" title="Jan van Riebeeck">Jan van Riebeeck</a>, Dutch founder of Cape Town (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Spilberg" title="Johannes Spilberg">Johannes Spilberg</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Dalrymple,_1st_Viscount_of_Stair" title="James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair">James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair</a>, Scottish lawyer and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F%C3%A9libien" title="André Félibien">André Félibien</a>, French court historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ramsay,_Lord_Abbotshall" title="Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall">Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall</a>, Scottish judge and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abiezer_Coppe" title="Abiezer Coppe">Abiezer Coppe</a>, English "Ranter" and pamphleteer (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> <i>(bapt.)</i> – <a href="/wiki/Philips_Wouwerman" title="Philips Wouwerman">Philips Wouwerman</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Pye_Min" title="Pye Min">Pye Min</a> of Burma (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Victors" title="Jan Victors">Jan Victors</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> <i>(bapt.)</i> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hudson" title="Jeffrey Hudson">Jeffrey Hudson</a>, English court dwarf (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rijcklof_van_Goens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijcklof van Goens">Rijcklof van Goens</a>, Dutch colonial governor (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyojong_of_Joseon" title="Hyojong of Joseon">Hyojong of Joseon</a>, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649–1659) (d. <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Birgitta_Durell" title="Birgitta Durell">Birgitta Durell</a>, Swedish industrialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Felton,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet">Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hall_(MP_for_Lincolnshire)" title="Thomas Hall (MP for Lincolnshire)">Thomas Hall</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Strozzi" title="Barbara Strozzi">Barbara Strozzi</a>, Italian singer and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Catherine_Constance_Vasa" title="Anna Catherine Constance Vasa">Anna Catherine Constance Vasa</a>, Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Farnese" title="Francesco Maria Farnese">Francesco Maria Farnese</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubertus_Quellinus" title="Hubertus Quellinus">Hubertus Quellinus</a>, Flemish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Borlase,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet">Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Geneviève de Bourbon">Anne Geneviève de Bourbon</a>, French princess who is remembered for her beauty and amours (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a>, French bishop and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>, French minister of finance (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Elisabeth_Pentz" title="Sophie Elisabeth Pentz">Sophie Elisabeth Pentz</a>, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Wray,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Wray, 3rd Baronet">Sir John Wray, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_von_Zesen" title="Philipp von Zesen">Philipp von Zesen</a>, German poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Calmady" title="Josias Calmady">Josias Calmady</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_Sophie_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg">Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg</a>, German princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Bright,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet">Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_K%C3%B6nig" title="Johann Friedrich König">Johann Friedrich König</a>, German Lutheran theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Armand_de_Maill%C3%A9-Br%C3%A9z%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé">Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé</a>, French admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Count_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken">Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philips_Koninck" title="Philips Koninck">Philips Koninck</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9d%C3%A9on_Tallemant_des_R%C3%A9aux" title="Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux">Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux</a>, French writer known for his <i>Historiettes</i> (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire">Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire</a>, English politician, earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mildmay_(of_Graces)" title="Henry Mildmay (of Graces)">Henry Mildmay</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dyke_(MP_for_Seaford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dyke (MP for Seaford)">Thomas Dyke</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrij_Savka" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrij Savka">Andrij Savka</a>, Lemko bandit (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert of the Rhine</a>, Bohemian-born Royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Fureti%C3%A8re" title="Antoine Furetière">Antoine Furetière</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzjames_(MP)" title="John Fitzjames (MP)">John Fitzjames</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Maurus" title="Sylvester Maurus">Sylvester Maurus</a>, Italian Jesuit theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Cargill" title="Donald Cargill">Donald Cargill</a>, Scottish Covenanter (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gu Mei">Gu Mei</a>, politically influential Chinese <a href="/wiki/G%C4%93j%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Gējì">Gējì</a>, poet and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Collins_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Collins (physician)">Samuel Collins</a>, English doctor and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Cueva,_8th_Duke_of_Alburquerque" title="Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque">Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque</a>, Spanish military officer and viceroy (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Kalf" title="Willem Kalf">Willem Kalf</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumazawa_Banzan" title="Kumazawa Banzan">Kumazawa Banzan</a>, Japanese philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Shabazi" title="Shalom Shabazi">Shalom Shabazi</a>, Jewish Yemeni rabbi and poet (d. c. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Fuzhi" title="Wang Fuzhi">Wang Fuzhi</a>, Chinese philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari,_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_(1889)_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_6-Apr-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg/120px-6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg/250px-6655_-_Roma_-_Ettore_Ferrari%2C_Giulio_Cesare_Vanini_%281889%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_6-Apr-2008.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lucilio_Vanini" title="Lucilio Vanini">Lucilio Vanini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg/120px-Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg/165px-Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani">Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg/110px-San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg/165px-San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/San_Lorenzo_da_Brindisi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sveti_Marko_Kri%C5%BEev%C4%8Danin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sveti_Marko_Kri%C5%BEev%C4%8Danin.JPG/120px-Sveti_Marko_Kri%C5%BEev%C4%8Danin.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sveti_Marko_Kri%C5%BEev%C4%8Danin.JPG/250px-Sveti_Marko_Kri%C5%BEev%C4%8Danin.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marko_Krizin" title="Marko Krizin">Marko Krizin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg/110px-Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg/165px-Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Sur_Singh_of_Marwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sur_Singh" title="Sur Singh">Sur Singh</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School,_17th_Century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg/120px-Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg/250px-Ludovico_Carracci_by_Emilian_School%2C_17th_Century.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="3839" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Ludovico Carracci</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hilliard" title="Nicholas Hilliard">Nicholas Hilliard</a>, English miniature painter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diane_de_France" title="Diane de France">Diane de France</a>, Duchess of Angoulême (b. <a href="/wiki/1538" title="1538">1538</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clinton,_3rd_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln">Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Bourbon" title="Éléonore de Bourbon">Éléonore de Bourbon</a>, Dutch princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brooke,_11th_Baron_Cobham" title="Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham">Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham</a>, English conspirator (b. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucilio_Vanini" title="Lucilio Vanini">Lucilio Vanini</a>, Italian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Larivey" title="Pierre de Larivey">Pierre de Larivey</a>, Italian-born French dramatist (b. <a href="/wiki/1549" title="1549">1549</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Couper_(bishop)" title="William Couper (bishop)">William Couper</a>, Scottish bishop of Galloway (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cooke_(of_Highnam)" title="William Cooke (of Highnam)">William Cooke</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, Queen of <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Demeter_Napr%C3%A1gyi" title="Demeter Naprágyi">Demeter Naprágyi</a>, Hungarian Catholic archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burbage" title="Richard Burbage">Richard Burbage</a>, English actor (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Balfour,_1st_Lord_Balfour_of_Burleigh" title="Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh">Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh</a>, Scottish nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsolya_Dersffy" title="Orsolya Dersffy">Orsolya Dersffy</a>, Hungarian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8D_Tsuratatsu" title="Chō Tsuratatsu">Chō Tsuratatsu</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ippolito_Galantini_(teacher)" title="Ippolito Galantini (teacher)">Ippolito Galantini</a>, founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (b. <a href="/wiki/1565" title="1565">1565</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, Austrian Habsburg ruler (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_3"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_3"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Home" title="Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home">Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home</a>, Scottish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(bishop)" title="Thomas Jones (bishop)">Thomas Jones</a>, Anglican Archbishop of Dublin (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denis_Calvaert" title="Denis Calvaert">Denis Calvaert</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taj_Bibi_Bilqis_Makani" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani">Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani</a>, Mughal empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a>/May – <a href="/wiki/William_Larkin_(painter)" title="William Larkin (painter)">William Larkin</a>, English court portrait painter (b. early 1580s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Overall_(bishop)" title="John Overall (bishop)">John Overall</a>, English bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a>, Dutch statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Fabricius" title="Hieronymus Fabricius">Hieronymus Fabricius</a>, Italian anatomist (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Soame" title="Stephen Soame">Stephen Soame</a>, Lord Mayor of London (b. <a href="/wiki/1540" title="1540">1540</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Fr%C3%A9minet" title="Martin Fréminet">Martin Fréminet</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_3"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_3"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg">Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> (1586–1619) (b. <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a>, Italian saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nabeshima_Naoshige" title="Nabeshima Naoshige">Nabeshima Naoshige</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Percy,_Countess_of_Northumberland" title="Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland">Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland</a>, younger daughter of Walter Devereux (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dale" title="Thomas Dale">Thomas Dale</a>, English colonial governor (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Lunge" title="Jørgen Lunge">Jørgen Lunge</a>, Danish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Taverna" title="Ferdinando Taverna">Ferdinando Taverna</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shimazu_Yoshihiro" title="Shimazu Yoshihiro">Shimazu Yoshihiro</a>, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_Lippershey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Lippershey">Hans Lippershey</a>, Dutch lensmaker (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_(bishop)" title="John Gordon (bishop)">John Gordon</a>, Scottish bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Krizin" title="Marko Krizin">Marko Krizin</a>, Croatian Catholic priest (martyred) (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pongracz" title="Stephen Pongracz">Stephen Pongracz</a>, Hungarian saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Singh" title="Sur Singh">Sur Singh</a>, ruler of Marwar (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_3"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_3"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peake_the_Elder" title="Robert Peake the Elder">Robert Peake the Elder</a>, English court portrait painter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Yonge" title="Nicholas Yonge">Nicholas Yonge</a>, English singer and publisher (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pardo_(rabbi)" title="Joseph Pardo (rabbi)">Joseph Pardo</a>, Italian rabbi and merchant (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Daniel" title="Samuel Daniel">Samuel Daniel</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1562" title="1562">1562</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Gudelinus" title="Petrus Gudelinus">Petrus Gudelinus</a>, Belgian jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_Seika" title="Fujiwara Seika">Fujiwara Seika</a>, Japanese philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Ludovico Carracci</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Sigismund,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg">John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg</a> from the House of Hohenzollern (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld_(lawyer)" title="Antoine Arnauld (lawyer)">Antoine Arnauld</a>, French lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jeongwon" title="Prince Jeongwon">Prince Jeongwon</a>, Korean prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagrat_VII_of_Kartli" title="Bagrat VII of Kartli">Bagrat VII of Kartli</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Amboise" title="François d'Amboise">François d'Amboise</a>, French jurist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stephens_(Jesuit)" title="Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)">Thomas Stephens</a>, English Jesuit missionary in Portuguese India (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1549" title="1549">1549</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Vitale" title="Caterina Vitale">Caterina Vitale</a>, Maltese pharmacist (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1619&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fires-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fires_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_L._KovachRobert_Louis_Kovach2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert L. Kovach; Robert Louis Kovach (2004). <i>Early Earthquakes of the Americas</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Earthquakes+of+the+Americas&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Robert+L.+Kovach&rft.au=Robert+Louis+Kovach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eh8tAQAAIAAJ"><i>Oriens extremus: Zeitschrift für Sprache, Kunst und Kultur de Länder des Fernen Ostens</i></a>. O. Harrassowitz. 1981. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oriens+extremus%3A+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Sprache%2C+Kunst+und+Kultur+de+L%C3%A4nder+des+Fernen+Ostens&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=O.+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deh8tAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jemma_Field" title="Jemma Field">Jemma Field</a>, <i>Anna of Denmark: The material and visual culture of the Stuart courts, 1589-1619</i> (Manchester, 2020), p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Ernest_DupuyTrevor_Nevitt_Dupuy1986" class="citation book cs1">Richard Ernest Dupuy; Trevor Nevitt Dupuy (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wOCyiM-mQC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present</i></a>. Harper & Row. p. 534. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181235-4"><bdi>978-0-06-181235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Military+History+from+3500+B.C.+to+the+Present&rft.pages=534&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-06-181235-4&rft.au=Richard+Ernest+Dupuy&rft.au=Trevor+Nevitt+Dupuy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI5wOCyiM-mQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchools_inquiry_commission1868" class="citation book cs1">Schools inquiry commission (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8zMIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA109"><i>Report of the commissioners</i></a>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+commissioners&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1868&rft.au=Schools+inquiry+commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8zMIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/the-first-legislative-assembly.htm">"The First Legislative Assembly, Historic Jamestowne"</a>. <i>Colonial National Historical Park</i>. U.S. National Park Service. July 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colonial+National+Historical+Park&rft.atitle=The+First+Legislative+Assembly%2C+Historic+Jamestowne&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjame%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fthe-first-legislative-assembly.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2018" class="citation news cs1">Brown, DeNeen L (August 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/08/24/slaverys-bitter-roots-in-1619-20-and-odd-negroes-arrived-in-virginia/">"Slavery's bitter roots: In 1619, '20 And odd Negroes' arrived in Virginia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Slavery%27s+bitter+roots%3A+In+1619%2C+%2720+And+odd+Negroes%27+arrived+in+Virginia&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=DeNeen+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2018%2F08%2F24%2Fslaverys-bitter-roots-in-1619-20-and-odd-negroes-arrived-in-virginia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicjamestowne.org/history/the-first-africans/">"The First Africans"</a>. <i>Jamestowne Rediscovery</i>. Historic Jamestowne. Retrieved August 18, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Meyer_Setton1991" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C&pg=PA34"><i>Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-192-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-192-7"><bdi>978-0-87169-192-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+Austria%2C+and+the+Turks+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-192-7&rft.au=Kenneth+Meyer+Setton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXN51y209fR8C%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoanna_Banham1997" class="citation book cs1">Joanna Banham (May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MlKhCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT730"><i>Encyclopedia of Interior Design</i></a>. Routledge. p. 730. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-78758-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-78758-4"><bdi>978-1-136-78758-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Interior+Design&rft.pages=730&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997-05&rft.isbn=978-1-136-78758-4&rft.au=Joanna+Banham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMlKhCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaith_K._PizorT._Allan_Comp1971" class="citation book cs1">Faith K. Pizor; T. Allan Comp (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_DQ5AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Man in the Moone: And Other Lunar Fantasies</i></a>. Praeger. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-97815-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-97815-9"><bdi>978-0-283-97815-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+in+the+Moone%3A+And+Other+Lunar+Fantasies&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-283-97815-9&rft.au=Faith+K.+Pizor&rft.au=T.+Allan+Comp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_DQ5AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Woodward1997" class="citation book cs1">Jennifer Woodward (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8vdThZDpcasC&pg=PA166"><i>The Theatre of Death: The Ritual Management of Royal Funerals in Renaissance England, 1570-1625</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-704-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-704-7"><bdi>978-0-85115-704-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theatre+of+Death%3A+The+Ritual+Management+of+Royal+Funerals+in+Renaissance+England%2C+1570-1625&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-704-7&rft.au=Jennifer+Woodward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8vdThZDpcasC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIrwin_Smith1964" class="citation book cs1">Irwin Smith (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0tVCAAAAIAAJ"><i>Shakespeare's Blackfriars Playhouse: Its History and Its Design</i></a>. New York University Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0483-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0483-7"><bdi>978-0-8147-0483-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Blackfriars+Playhouse%3A+Its+History+and+Its+Design&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-0483-7&rft.au=Irwin+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0tVCAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1619" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1619&oldid=1269979974">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1619&oldid=1269979974</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1619" title="Category:1619">1619</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2019">Articles needing additional references from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 January 2025, at 09:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1619&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">1619</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>150 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d9fdf6679-rzm7z","wgBackendResponseTime":147,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.501","walltime":"0.651","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5342,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":56824,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2734,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":60514,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 514.032 1 -total"," 26.79% 137.730 1 Template:Year_nav"," 23.15% 118.973 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.31% 114.704 2 Template:Sidebar"," 20.10% 103.325 1 Template:Year_article_header"," 17.52% 90.040 9 Template:Cite_book"," 17.51% 90.006 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc"," 15.10% 77.633 1 Template:Lang"," 10.36% 53.255 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 10.05% 51.670 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.295","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21662651,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-8w9nx","timestamp":"20250331183353","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1619","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1619","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6804","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6804","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-10T23:47:56Z","dateModified":"2025-01-17T09:58:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/Decapitation_of_Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt_-_Onthoofding_van_Oldenbarnevelt_%28Iustitie_aen_Ian_van_Oldenbarnevelt_geschiet%29%281619%2C_Claes_Jansz._Visscher%29.jpg","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>