Saving cold water loving fish in mountain national parks

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html class="no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr">  <head> <meta charset="utf-8">  <title>Saving cold water loving fish in mountain national parks - Nature and science</title> <meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport">  <meta name="description" content="Parks Canada is restoring threatened Westslope Cutthroat Trout and aquatic ecosystems in Alberta."> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Saving cold water loving fish in mountain national parks - Nature and science"> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada"> <meta name="dcterms.issued" title="W3CDTF" content="2024-07-12"> <meta name="dcterms.modified" title="W3CDTF" content="2024-08-01"> <meta name="dcterms.subject" title="scheme" content="Parks Canada"> <meta name="dcterms.language" title="ISO639-2" content="eng"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://parks.canada.ca/nature/science/especes-species/truite-trout?utm_campaign=pc-pc-ebulletin-23-24&utm_medium=email&utm_source=spring-2023&utm_content=conservation-trout-link-en"> <meta property="og:title" content="Saving cold water loving fish in mountain national parks"> <meta property="og:description" content="Parks Canada is restoring threatened Westslope Cutthroat Trout and aquatic ecosystems in Alberta."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/trout-banner-old.jpg?modified=20220817194349"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1909567142706283">   <link href="/Content/GCWeb/assets/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Content/GCWeb/css/theme.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Content/css/ParksCanada/error.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/invitation-manager/Overlay.css" /> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/9090ff3cfc.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>     <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.js"></script>  <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/Content/wet-boew/css/noscript.min.css" /></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Content/css/ParksCanada/pc.css"> <script src="/Content/js/equalheight.js"></script> <script src="/Content/js/script.js"></script>  <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? 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Your ancestors have lived in these waters since the glaciers retreated. And until recently, this environment was the perfect combination of cold, clean, and fresh water that you need.</p> <p>But as you swim around in search of food, you notice many other kinds of fish are already there, and they’re outcompeting you for precious food. The water also feels warmer than what is comfortable...</p> <p>If you don’t find a place where only Westslope Cutthroat Trout live, you sense that you won’t be able to compete with these other fish… and you will not survive.</p> <br> <section class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8"> <div class="col-xs-12 video-legacy-wrapper"> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOyXP6oZY6A"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/summertime-in-the-rockies-thumbnail.jpg" title=""> <source type="video/youtube" src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOyXP6oZY6A"></source> </video> <figcaption> <details id="inline-captions1"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> Westslope Cutthroat Trout are an important part of Banff National Park’s ecosystem, but they are at risk of extinction.</p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> Introduced non-native fish threaten Westslope Cutthroat Trout by competing for resources.</p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> To give Westslope Cutthroat Trout a chance at survival, we removed non-native fish from the Hidden Lake watershed, using a natural fish toxicant.</p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> Once the non-native fish were removed, we began reintroducing Westslope Cutthroat Trout.</p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> Today, for the first time in over 50 years, there are Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Hidden Creek.</p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> Westslope Cutthroat Trout belong in Banff National Park. Parks Canada is bringing them back.</p> </details> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <br> <h2>Saving threatened trout</h2> <div class="row mrgn-tp-lg mrgn-bttm-xl"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <p>Westslope Cutthroat Trout in mountain national parks are in trouble. So are local Bull Trout. Parks Canada is committed to protecting species at risk. That’s why they’ve stepped in to help save both of these threatened fish—and their habitats—before it’s too late.</p> <p><a href="#jump">Jump ahead</a> to learn how Parks Canada is using cutting-edge science to recover Westslope Cutthroat Trout in the mountain parks!</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <figure> <img alt="A single speckled fish swims in crystal clear water, with mountain views and blue sky above." src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/trout-river-sky-690-427.jpg" class="img-responsive"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">A Westslope Cutthroat Trout at Banff National Park.</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <h2>How we got here</h2> <p>Parks Canada began introducing non-native fish, like Brook Trout, into mountain national parks in the 1940s to enhance the visitor fishing experience. This continued until the 1980s, with lasting negative impacts on the ecosystem.</p> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/how-we-got-here-branded-en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/how-we-got-here-thumbnail-(3).jpg" title="How we got here"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/how-we-got-here-branded-en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions2" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions2"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"> <span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="1.0s" data-dur="9.0s"><strong>[Shelley Humphries]</strong> Banff was formed in 1885. And when the early park managers arrived here, a lot of the rivers and lakes didn't have fish.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="10.0s" data-dur="4.0s">The fish were not able to recolonize and get up into the mountainous terrain.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="15.0s" data-dur="4.0s">So to improve fishing opportunities for people and recreation and give people a reason to visit,</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="20.0s" data-dur="9.0s">Parks Canada really actively stocked fish all over the place, including many species that didn't belong in Western Canada or even Canada at all.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="30.0s" data-dur="3.0s">Now the science and our understanding of what has happened has changed.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="34.0s" data-dur="11.0s">And we realize that some of these fish that were stocked in the early days are really detrimental to the longevity and persistence of our native fish, our threatened Westslope Cutthroat Trout and our Bull Trout.</span></p> </details> </figure> <br> <p>Westslope Cutthroat Trout are also reproducing with non-native trout, like Rainbow Trout and Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout. This is creating hybrid trout populations that are diluting the Westslope Cutthroat Trout gene pool.</p> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/non-native-fish-branded-en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/non-native-thumbnail.jpg" title="Non-native fish"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/non-native-fish-branded-en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions3" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions3"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="4.0s" data-dur="4.0s"><strong>[Shelley Humphries]</strong> Brook Trout are now one of the most common fish in Banff National Park.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="8.0s" data-dur="7.0s">They're from Eastern Canada, and they're extremely competitive and capable of outcompeting Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Bull Trout.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="16.0s" data-dur="5.0s">And we also stocked Rainbow Trout and even Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout from the United States.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="21.0s" data-dur="8.0s">And these two fish are able to hybridize with Westslope Cutthroat Trout, which is part of the reason why this fish is threatened in Western Canada.</span></p> </details> </figure> <h2>Needed by the ecosystem</h2> <p>The native Westslope Cutthroat Trout are fussy fish when it comes to needing cold, clean and fresh water environments. For this reason, they are considered an indicator species—their presence shows that habitats and ecosystems are healthy.</p> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/benefits-of-wsct_branded_en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/benefits-thumbnail.jpg" title="Importance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/benefits-of-wsct_branded_en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions4" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions4"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="4.0s" data-dur="4.0s"><strong>[Shelley Humphries]</strong> Westslope Cutthroat Trout are an integral part of this ecosystem.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="8.0s" data-dur="5.0s">Bears need Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Osprey need Westslope Cutthroat Trout.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="13.0s" data-dur="5.0s">The non-native fish that are here are not interchangeable. They don't play the same role.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="18.0s" data-dur="4.0s">The Westslope Cutthroat Trout belong here, and we're bringing them back.</span></p> </details> </figure> <br> <p>Bears and osprey also rely on Westslope Cutthroat Trout for food.</p> <br> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-body bg-primary"> <blockquote class="mrgn-bttm-0"> <p>The time of year and location that Westslope Cutthroat Trout spawn is ecologically important. They are food for bears when they come out of hibernation and for ospreys that have migrated here. Their eggs are also accessible to Harlequin ducks when they need food to produce their own eggs.</p> <footer style="color:white;">Shelley Humphries<br> <cite>Aquatic Specialist at Parks Canada</cite> </footer> </blockquote> </div> </div> <p>Non-native trout do not replace the important role that Westslope Cutthroat Trout play in an ecosystem. Non-native Brook Trout spawn in the fall—a time when they are less important to the ecosystem. Their eggs are also buried deeper and are not accessible to higher parts of the food chains.</p> <div class="row mrgn-tp-lg mrgn-bttm-xl"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <figure> <img alt="An illustration of a fish jumping out of teal coloured water with an orange sun setting in the background." class="full-width" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/illustration-fish-690-800.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">A Westslope Cutthroat Trout.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <figure> <img alt="An illustration of a brown bear eating a fish out of the water, while a raptor bird flies closely overhead." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/illustration-bird-bear.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">The grizzly bear and osprey both rely on Westslope Cutthroat Trout for food.</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <p>As such, Westslope Cutthroat Trout are important species for transferring energy from aquatic ecosystems to land-based ones.</p> <div class="row mrgn-tp-lg mrgn-bttm-xl"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <figure> <img loading="lazy" alt="The edge of a clear blue lake hugs a mountainous shoreline covered in thick shrubs." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/vertical-landscape-414-580.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">Hidden Lake habitat refuge in Banff National Park.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-sm-8"> <figure> <img loading="lazy" alt="A grassy meadow with yellow flowers and evergreen trees with snow-dotted mountains in the background." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/landscape-banff-870-580.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">The Skoki Valley within the Hidden Lake restoration site.</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <h2>Where they still swim</h2> <p>Many aquatic habitats located outside of protected areas are being damaged or lost, and climate change is warming waters. Despite this, Westslope Cutthroat Trout still remain in parts of mountain national parks, like:</p> <ul> <li>Banff National Park in Alberta: genetically pure Westslope Cutthroat Trout remain in less than 10% of historic distribution in Alberta, with only a handful of locations in Banff</li> <li>Kootenay and Yoho National Parks in British Columbia: some isolated streams in these two parks still have genetically pure populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout</li> </ul> <p>Parks Canada is an important partner in recovery efforts for this species at risk. They work with other federal and provincial agencies and key stakeholders to restore native trout.</p> <h2 id="jump">The long road to recovery</h2> <p>Parks Canada has taken a four-part journey to help restore the Westslope Cutthroat Trout. This journey is not over—their efforts are still underway and will continue into the future. To restore Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Parks Canada aims to:</p> <h3>1. Identify habitat refuges</h3> <p>Parks Canada created a long-term headwater refuge to restore Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Hidden Lake and upper Corral Creek in Banff National Park. This area provides a natural refuge that other non-native trout cannot otherwise get into owing to a natural waterfall. Additional refuges will be identified in the future.</p> <div class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure> <img alt="A view of a large lake located far down on the foothills of a snowy mountain scape that surrounds it." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/hidden-lake.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">Hidden Lake at Banff National Park.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure> <img alt="A person sits in a yellow inflatable boat on a lake surrounded by snowcapped mountains and hillsides." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/hidden-lake-paddle-1138-759.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">Hidden Lake restoration area at Banff National Park.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <h3>2. Remove non-native fish</h3> <p>Parks Canada worked for six years to remove Brook Trout from the refuge using different methods. They tried netting, electrofishing and angling—but the non-native trout continued to thrive.</p> <p>So, in 2018, Parks Canada worked with fisheries experts from Canada and Montana to use a naturally-occurring compound called Rotenone to remove the remaining Brook Trout.</p> <p>Rotenone, a fish toxicant made from the roots of the bean plant, has been used safely and successfully by Indigenous peoples, as well as in Eastern Canada and the US—with no effects on the ecosystem or other species like birds, mammals or people.</p> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/restoration-techniques-and-rotenone-branded-en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/rotenone-thumbnail.jpg" title="Remove non-native fish"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/restoration-techniques-and-rotenone-branded-en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions5" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions5"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="4.0s" data-dur="11.0s"><strong>[Shelley Humphries]</strong> The Hidden Lake Basin in Banff is the first place we started a restoration and we started with manual methods, electrofishing, angling and gillnetting.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="15.0s" data-dur="6.0s">And after we did it for a few years, we realized it wasn't being successful. We were just making more Brook Trout. We could never stop them from reproducing.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="21.0s" data-dur="6.0s">And we knew that if we wanted to be successful here, we needed to change direction and try a new tool.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="28.0s" data-dur="12.0s">So we went down to the United States and got some additional training in Montana and in Utah, and they use a compound there that is very effective at removing fish in very small quantities.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="41.0s" data-dur="7.0s">And we did a pilot using that compound called rotenone up at Hidden Lake in 2018.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="48.0s" data-dur="8.0s">Rotenone is a compound that comes from a plant. It's extracted from bean plants that grow around the equator.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="56.0s" data-dur="11.0s">Indigenous groups who live in areas where this plant grows naturally know that they can pick this plant and put it in the water and that it kills fish in very low concentrations.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="68.0s" data-dur="11.0s">It's a very safe compound to use because it's only effective against fish in parts per billion and other things that are swimming in the water like zooplankton and phytoplankton.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="79.0s" data-dur="14.0s">It has no impact on mammals or birds or people, and it naturally breaks down very quickly in sunlight and in turbulent water, like going over waterfalls, and it doesn't bioaccumulate.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="93.0s" data-dur="7.0s">So we also don't have to worry that a fish that has been killed using rotenone will be eaten by a bird and then that bird will get sick.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="100.0s" data-dur="2.0s">That doesn't happen at all.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="102.0s" data-dur="7.0s">So it really is very unique in that we can use it in very low concentrations and it's naturally breaking down.</span></p> </details> </figure> <br> <div class="well"> <p><strong>Same, but different</strong></p> <p>The aquatic ecosystem conservation team at La Mauricie National Park in Quebec is faced with a similar but different situation when it comes to <a href="https://parkscanada.ca/mauricie-trout">restoring their native trout</a>.</p> <p>While considered an invasive species in Western Canada, Brook Trout are in decline in the eastern part of the country. They are being outcompeted by non-native fish and are facing habitat destruction. Learn more about the <a href="https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/qc/mauricie/nature/conservation/restauration-restoration/eau-water/trois-volets-three-phases">restoration efforts to save native trout at La Mauricie</a>.</p> </div> <h3>3. Reintroduce native trout</h3> <p>With the non-native trout populations now under control, Parks Canada has started reintroducing Westslope Cutthroat Trout into the habitat refuge. They are restoring the native trout in partnership with fish culture specialists using a technique called remote stream-side incubation.</p> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/remote-insteam-incubation-branded-en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/remote-instream-incubation-thumbnail.jpg" title="Reintroduce native trout"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/remote-insteam-incubation-branded-en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions6" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions6"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="4.0s" data-dur="6.0s"><strong>[Shelley Humphries]</strong> We decided to use remote stream incubation as the method to reintroduce fish into the Hidden Lake basin.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="10.0s" data-dur="11.0s">We've been working with the Allison Brood hatchery in Southern Alberta, and they take care of the eggs for the first 20 days, and then they give them back to us when they are a little bit bigger and a little bit more mature.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="21.0s" data-dur="4.0s">And then we put them back into the lake or stream.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="25.0s" data-dur="12.0s">We create these artificial egg nests. They're inside of buckets, and it allows the eggs to finish their next to 10 to 15 days in the water that they're going to live in for the rest of their life.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="37.0s" data-dur="5.0s">Although it's challenging to do, it also has really tremendous benefits.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="42.0s" data-dur="10.0s">So the first reason we chose it is that it causes the least harm to the very few populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout we have left because we're not taking adults.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="52.0s" data-dur="10.0s">We're just taking some of their eggs and then we bring them back when they're partially mature to the streams that they're going to finish their maturity in and this does a few things.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="62.0s" data-dur="5.0s">It helps avoid some of the behavior effects that you get when you raise fish in the hatchery.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="67.0s" data-dur="6.0s">They bond onto their home lake or stream. They have better survival.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="73.0s" data-dur="15.0s">We're trying to select the most diverse genetics because this diversity in the genetic base is going to give these fish the best chance to survive, especially in the face of some challenges that are coming their way like climate change.</span></p> </details> </figure> <section class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure role="group" aria-describedby="gallery1caption"> <figcaption id="gallery1caption"> <p class="caption h6 text-center"> The Aquatics team at Banff National Park install the remote stream-side incubator for the Westslope Cutthroat Trout recovery project. The pipes allow gravity to feed water into the bottom of buckets while water pushes through the top, bringing oxygen to the eggs.</p> </figcaption> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="A small group of Parks Canada staff install a system of poles and buckets into a rocky stream flowing into a lake." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-1-690-460.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small"> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-2-690-460.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small"> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration3690460-1-1.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small"> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-4-690-460.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small"> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </figure> </section> <p>Parks Canada collects eggs and milt from several native trout populations within Banff National Park to maximize potential diversity in the gene pool. An Alberta hatchery incubated the eggs to the ‘eyed stage’ — about halfway through the eggs’ full incubation timeline, when the ova develop visible eyes (seen below). The developed eggs were then sent back to the park, where the final weeks of incubation took place in home waters—literally!</p> <section class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure role="group" aria-describedby="gallery2caption"> <figcaption id="gallery2caption"> </figcaption> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="A close up of a red and white jar containing jelly-like eggs each with two black dots is held up." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/fish-eggs-690-460.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small">A jar of Westslope Cutthroat Trout eggs at the ‘eyed’ stage of development.</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 "> <figure> <img alt="Ten round fish eggs each with two eyes rest within one of many small plastic structures floating in water." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/egg-saddles-690-460.jpg"> <figcaption> <p class="small">The fish eggs are placed into the instream bucket where they settle in “saddles” that keep them held in the water column, oxygenated on all sides, and separated.</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </figure> </section> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-body bg-primary"> <blockquote class="mrgn-bttm-0"> <p>No single agency has enough staff and resources to do this work alone. We rely on outside support. We also don’t want to reinvent the wheel. It's been efficient to study what other agencies in the U.S. are doing and implement their methods. We’ve apprenticed on bigger projects in Montana to get hands-on experience and have learned a lot from their leadership.</p> <footer style="color:white;">Shelley Humphries<br> <cite>Aquatic Specialist at Parks Canada</cite> </footer> </blockquote> </div> </div> <br> <p>Since then, Parks Canada has developed their own incubator to minimize egg transport and handling time, and lower costs. From 2022 onward, the aquatics team will raise the trout throughout all lifecycle stages within the park.</p> <div class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure> <img alt="An illustration of fish eggs that progress to silhouettes of small fish, and eventually into adult sized fish shown in full colour ." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/trout-life-cycle-1138.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">The life cycle of a Westslope Cutthroat Trout, from eggs, to fry (baby fish), to adult fish.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <p>Parks Canada has adapted the Incident Command structure to use as an effective tool for undertaking complex conservation projects on the ground with lots of people.</p> <div class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure> <img alt="A group of six people carry buckets and polls away from a helicopter up a steep rocky hillside through a forest." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-team-2-1138-759.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">Members of the Aquatics team haul restoration gear up the mountain to Hidden Lake.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="pc-banner provisional bg-cover bg-center bg-norepeat wb-init wb-bgimg-inited" data-bgimg="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-team-quote-1138-379.jpg" id="wb-auto-2" style="background-image: url(https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-team-quote-1138-379.jpg); background-blend-mode: multiply; background-color: #8a8a8a;"> <div class="container mrgn-tp-md"> <div class="col-md-12"> <blockquote style="color:white; margin-top: 175px; margin-bottom: 125px; font-size: 18px;"> <p>“It’s a very disciplined and formal technique used by the military and fire personnel during emergencies. It allows us to bring together different agencies and send them to remote areas to work together. It also helps us to be prepared and flexible to troubleshoot when things go wrong.”</p> <footer style="color:white;">Shelley Humphries<br> <cite>Aquatic Specialist at Parks Canada.</cite> </footer> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> <br> <figure class="wb-mltmd mrgn-tp-xl" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/non-native-fish-branded-en.mp4"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/restoration-logistics-thumbnail-(1).jpg" title="Restoration logistics"> <source type="video/mp4" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/mp4video/nature/truite-trout/restoration-logistics-and-the-future-branded-en.mp4"> <track src="#inline-captions7" kind="captions" data-type="text/html" srclang="en" label="English"></track> </source></video> <details id="inline-captions7"> <summary>Transcript</summary> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="7.0s" data-dur="2.0s"><strong>[Brad Stitt]</strong> It's quite challenging.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="9.0s" data-dur="10.0s">The logistics that need to line up in order to get everybody up here, all the equipment up here, need to have redundancy in the equipment, multiple pieces of each type of equipment.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="19.0s" data-dur="7.0s">So if something breaks, we can't just run 10k down a hill and grab something and walk it back up.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="26.0s" data-dur="6.0s">We need to have everything in hand to be able to go and do the job that we're doing.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="34.0s" data-dur="5.0s">It's crucial to conserve and restore these areas for future generations.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="39.0s" data-dur="5.0s">I have a new son and I want him to be able to experience all of this.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="44.0s" data-dur="2.0s">We're removing fish.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="46.0s" data-dur="3.0s">It's not something that we take lightly.</span></p> <p class="wet-boew-vd"><span class="wb-tmtxt" data-begin="49.0s" data-dur="4.0s">It's tough and it's hard, but it's got to be done.</span></p> </details> </figure> <br> <p>Parks Canada will place thousands of eggs into Hidden Basin over the next three years or longer. Their intention is to have fish old enough to spawn every year. Thanks to these efforts, Westslope Cutthroat Trout have begun to swim in Hidden Creek for the first time in 50 years!</p> <br> <div class="pc-banner provisional bg-cover bg-center bg-norepeat wb-init wb-bgimg-inited" data-bgimg="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/rsi-quote-banner-1138-379.jpg" id="wb-auto-3" style="background-image: url(https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/rsi-quote-banner-1138-379.jpg); background-blend-mode: multiply; background-color: #737272;"> <div class="container mrgn-tp-md"> <div class="col-md-12"> <blockquote style="color:white; margin-top: 175px; margin-bottom: 125px; font-size: 18px;"> <p>“I can’t emphasize enough how helpful it’s been working with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. They’ve been so generous with their time and knowledge on tools, technology and genetics. It's truly inspiring to see what the next five years could look like for us based on their own experience.”</p> <footer style="color:white;">Shelley Humphries<br> <cite>Aquatic Specialist at Parks Canada.</cite> </footer> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> <br> <h3>4. Monitor for success</h3> <p>Parks Canada has successfully restored an 11 ha lake and around 4 km of stream. Aquatics staff use environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor the restoration work (click on Step 2 for <a href="https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/nature/conservation/aquatics/restoring/hidden">information on eDNA</a>). They also monitor the effects of Rotenone on the ecosystem. To date, no negative effects have been reported.</p> <br> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-body bg-primary"> <blockquote class="mrgn-bttm-0"> <p>There’s so much success to celebrate with trout! For one, Banff National Park has extremely high quality habitat— it’s even considered a thermal refuge, a place where cold water will still exist in the face of climate change. I think we’re going to have really good success recovering the Westslope Cutthroat Trout. We want people to support this good work, we want to keep the conversation going!</p> <footer style="color:white;">Shelley Humphries<br> <cite>Aquatic Specialist at Parks Canada</cite> </footer> </blockquote> </div> </div> <h2>Your support—and actions—can help save native trout in mountain national parks</h2> <br> <ul> <li><strong>Learn more about Westslope Cutthroat Trout</strong></li> <ul> <li>Join Parks Canada for a <a href="/error404?item=web%3a%7b3BB61388-C2AB-4364-B071-E040373ECF1A%7d%40en">guided tour of Hidden Lake</a> and get to know Westslope Cutthroat Trout up close and personal!</li> </ul> <li><strong>Help protect this species by obeying fishing regulations</strong></li> <ul> <li>Know how to correctly identify your catch</li> <li>Report poachers</li> <li>Share your knowledge with other anglers</li> </ul> <li><strong>Remember to “Clean, Drain, Dry” in all water recreation</strong></li> <ul> <li><strong>Clean</strong> all mud, sand, plant and animal materials from your boats, paddle boards, and fishing gear</li> <li><strong>Drain</strong> coolers, buckets, compartments, and other items that may hold water</li> <li><strong>Dry</strong> completely for 48 hours before entering any river, lake or stream</li> </ul> <li><strong>Ask questions!</strong></li> <ul> <li>Contact the Lake Louise, Yoho and Kootenay Region aquatics team with questions. They are happy to help: <a href="mailto:llykaquatics-aquatiquesllyk@pc.gc.ca">llykaquatics-aquatiquesllyk@pc.gc.ca</a></li> </ul> </ul> <div class="mrgn-tp-xl mrgn-bttm-xl"> <figure> <img alt="A group of six people dressed in outdoor work attire smile at the camera in front of a lake and mountainside." class="img-responsive" src="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/team-1138-379.jpg"> <figcaption class="caption small mrgn-tp-sm">Members of the restoration team at Hidden Lake in Banff National Park.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <h3 id="section-1">Watch the full video of the journey to restore the Westslope Cutthroat Trout:</h3> <section class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8"> <div class="col-xs-12 video-legacy-wrapper"> <figure class="wb-mltmd" data-wb-mltmd='{"shareUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKFHnRqq5BI"}'> <video poster="https://pcweb2.azureedge.net/-/media/WET4/nature/science/eep-sar/truite-trout/summertime-in-the-rockies-thumbnail.jpg" title=""> <source type="video/youtube" src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKFHnRqq5BI"></source> </video> <figcaption> <details id="inline-captions1"> <summary>Text transcript</summary> 0:00 [Music] 0:06 [Shelley Humphries] Banff was formed in 1885,<br> 0:08 and when the early park managers<br> 0:11 arrived here, a lot of the rivers<br> 0:13 and lakes didn't have fish.<br> 0:15 The fish were not able to recolonize<br> 0:17 and get up into the mountainous terrain.<br> 0:19 So to improve fishing opportunities for people<br> 0:22 and recreation and give people a reason to visit,<br> 0:25 Parks Canada really actively stocked<br> 0:28 fish all over the place,<br> 0:29 including many species that didn't belong<br> 0:31 in Western Canada<br> 0:33 or even Canada at all.<br> 0:41 Now the science<br> 0:42 and our understanding of what has happened has changed,<br> 0:46 and we realize that some of these fish<br> 0:48 that were stocked in the early days are<br> 0:49 really detrimental to the longevity<br> 0:53 and persistence of our native fish,<br> 0:54 our threatened Westslope Cutthroat Trout<br> 0:56 and our Bull Trout.<br> 0:58 Brook Trout are now one of the most common fish<br> 1:01 in Banff national park.<br> 1:02 They're from Eastern Canada,<br> 1:03 and they're extremely competitive<br> 1:05 and capable of outcompeting Westslope Cutthroat Trout<br> 1:08 and Bull Trout.<br> 1:10 And we also stalked Rainbow Trout<br> 1:12 and even Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout from the United States,<br> 1:15 and these two fish are able to hybridize<br> 1:17 with Westslope Cutthroat Trout.<br> 1:19 Which is part of the reason why<br> 1:20 this fish is threatened in Western Canada.<br> 1:23 The Hidden lake basin in Banff<br> 1:25 is the first place we started a restoration.<br> 1:28 And we started with manual methods,<br> 1:30 electro fishing, angling and gillnetting.<br> 1:34 And after we did it for a few years<br> 1:36 we realized it wasn't being successful.<br> 1:37 We were just making more Brook Trout.<br> 1:39 We could never stop them from reproducing,<br> 1:41 and we knew<br> 1:42 that it if we wanted to be successful here,<br> 1:44 we needed to change a direction<br> 1:46 and try a new tool.<br> 1:47 So we went down to the United States,<br> 1:49 and we got some additional training in Montana<br> 1:51 and in Utah.<br> 1:53 And they use a compound there<br> 1:55 that is very effective<br> 1:57 at removing fish in very small quantities.<br> 2:00 And we did a pilot using that compound,<br> 2:03 called rotenone, up at Hidden lake in 2018.<br> 2:07 Rotenone is a compound that comes from a plant.<br> 2:11 It's extracted from bean plants<br> 2:13 that grow around the equator.<br> 2:15 Indigenous groups who live in areas<br> 2:18 where this plant grows naturally,<br> 2:20 know that they can pick this plant<br> 2:22 and put it in the water<br> 2:23 and that it kills fish in very low concentrations.<br> 2:27 It's a very safe compound to use<br> 2:30 because it's only effective<br> 2:31 against fish in parts per billion,<br> 2:34 and other things that are swimming in the water<br> 2:36 like zooplankton and phytoplankton.<br> 2:38 It has no impact on mammals<br> 2:41 or birds or people,<br> 2:44 and it naturally breaks down very quickly in sunlight<br> 2:47 and in turbulent water like going over waterfalls,<br> 2:50 and it doesn't bio accumulate.<br> 2:52 So we also don't have to worry<br> 2:54 that a fish that has<br> 2:55 been killed using rotenone<br> 2:57 will be eaten by a bird,<br> 2:59 and then that bird will get sick.<br> 3:00 That doesn't happen at all.<br> 3:01 So it's really is very unique in<br> 3:03 that we can use it in very low concentrations,<br> 3:05 and it's naturally breaking down.<br> 3:15 [Brad Stitt] It's quite challenging.<br> 3:16 The logistics that need to line up in order<br> 3:19 to get everybody up here,<br> 3:21 all the equipment up here, need to have redundancy<br> 3:24 and equipment, multiple pieces of each type of equipment.<br> 3:27 So if something breaks,<br> 3:28 we can't just run 10k down a hill<br> 3:31 and grab something and walk it back up.<br> 3:34 We need to have everything<br> 3:35 in hand to be able to go<br> 3:37 and do the job that we're doing.<br> 3:42 It's crucial to conserve<br> 3:44 and restore these areas for future generations.<br> 3:48 I have a new son,<br> 3:49 and I want him to be able to experience all of this.<br> 3:52 We're removing fish.<br> 3:53 It's not something that we take lightly.<br> 3:57 It's tough and it's hard<br> 4:00 but it's got to be done.<br> 4:02 [Shelley Humphries] Westslope Cutthroat Trout<br> 4:03 are an integral part of this ecosystem.<br> 4:05 Bears need Westslope Cutthroat Trout.<br> 4:08 Osprey need Westslope Cutthroat Trout.<br> 4:11 The non-native fish that are here are not interchangeable.<br> 4:14 They don't play the same role.<br> 4:15 The Westslope Cutthroat Trout belong here,<br> 4:17 and we're bringing them back.<br> </details> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section></p> </div>  </div> <div class="container"> </div> <div class="container"> </div> <div class="container">  <div id="wb-cont-5"> <p></p> </div>  </div> <div class="container">  <section class="provisional most-requested-bullets well mrgn-tp-xl"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="pddng-r-0"> <h2 class="mrgn-tp-md h3">Related links</h2> </div> <div class="col-md-9">  <ul class="wb-eqht mrgn-tp-md mrgn-bttm-md colcount-md-1 wb-init wb-eqht-inited"> <li style="vertical-align: top; min-height: 27px;"><a class="pc-relatedlink" href="https://parks.canada.ca/nature/science/especes-species/pin-pine" >Saving whitebark and limber pine</a></li> <li style="vertical-align: top; min-height: 27px;"><a class="pc-relatedlink" 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Saving cold water loving fish in mountain national parks - Nature and science