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searchaux" style="display:none">Words coined in the science fiction by Polish author Stanisław Lem</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">Neologisms</a> constitute a notable part of the writing style of <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Stanisław Lem">Stanisław Lem</a>, a Polish science fiction author and essayist. </p><p>Lem says that in building his neologisms, particularly of grotesque character, he uses the peculiarities of the Polish language.<sup id="cite_ref-icr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-shargh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shargh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This presents difficulties to translators into non-Slavic languages, and critics often accused Lem of abusiveness in his creation of new words.<sup id="cite_ref-vb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lem said that neologisms come up to him naturally in the course of writing only when they are necessary and that he is incapable of inventing one outside a context.<sup id="cite_ref-icr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shargh_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shargh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1044870489">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion">Discussion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neologisms_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In handling his neologisms, Lem singles out two translators. Irmtraud Zimmermann-Göllheim (German), in Lem's opinion, remarkably succeeded in literal translation, while <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kandel" title="Michael Kandel">Michael Kandel</a> (English) was inventive in finding semantic equivalents in English in difficult cases.<sup id="cite_ref-icr_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shargh6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shargh6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also singled out a Russian mathematician Shirokov (Feliks Shirokov<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) for finding fitting language equivalents in translation of Lem's grotesque-humorous works.<sup id="cite_ref-shargh6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shargh6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Observation_on_the_Spot" title="Observation on the Spot">Observation on the Spot</a></i> Lem even included a "Polish-Polish dictionary" of the neologisms used in it<sup id="cite_ref-icr_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (actually, an "Earthish-Earthish Glossary").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to publisher <a href="/wiki/Franz_Rottensteiner" title="Franz Rottensteiner">Franz Rottensteiner</a> Lem wrote about his intention to add this glossary and to include into it an explanation why these neologisms are a necessity, not just a fantastic embellishment.<sup id="cite_ref-vb_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of Lem's words of particular note may be found in <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Orli%C5%84ski" title="Wojciech Orliński">Wojciech Orliński</a>'s book <i>What are <a href="/wiki/Sepulka" title="Sepulka">Sepulkas</a>?</i> <sup id="cite_ref-orl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quite a few neologisms Lem introduced in his essays while envisioning future developments. For example, in his voluminous essay <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Technologiae" title="Summa Technologiae">Summa Technologiae</a></i> he coined the terms "phantomatics" for what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, "molectronics" for molecular <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, "cerebromatics" for <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_enhancement" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive enhancement">cognitive enhancement</a>, "imitology" for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_life" title="Artificial life">artificial life</a>, "ariadnology" for the technology of <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engines</a>, and "intellectronics" for the technology of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first works about Lem's language are dated by the early 1960s (Wesolowska 1963, Handke 1964, Moszyńska 1964).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strategies for translating <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cyberiad" title="The Cyberiad">The Cyberiad</a>'</i>s short story <i>Jak ocalał świat</i> (<i>How the World was Saved</i>), which relies on both nonsense neologisms and words which begin with the letter N in Polish, were discussed by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Douglas Hofstadter</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Ton_beau_de_Marot" title="Le Ton beau de Marot">Le Ton beau de Marot</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 Monika Krajewska published a Polish-Russian dictionary of over 1,500 Lem's neologisms. Each entry is supplied with the reference to the source (often with quotations), as well as with an attempt of etymology: either an exact one, or an indication to the corresponding word formation rules, or suggested associations which could lie in the origins of the neologism in question. Same with Russian equivalents (sometimes more than one, due to multiple translations).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 28 neologisms Marcin Fastyn suggested different etymologies. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neologisms_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%87my" class="extiw" title="pl:Pćmy">Pćmy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neologisms_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-icr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icr_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icr_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icr_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icr_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.depauw.edu/sfs/interviews/lem40interview.htm">Twenty-Two Answers and Two Postscripts: An Interview with Stanislaw Lem</a>, <i>Science Fiction Studies</i>, #40 (Volume 13, Part 3), November 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shargh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shargh_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shargh_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lem's interview to <a href="/wiki/Peyman_Esmaeili" title="Peyman Esmaeili">Peyman Esmaeili</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810023630/http://english.lem.pl/home/interviews/qsharghq-daily-newspaper?start=1">page 2</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shargh" title="Shargh">Shargh</a></i> newspaper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vb_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vb_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bvi.rusf.ru/lem/lem_golo.htm">"Голос жителя Земли"</a>, by Владимир Борисов, <i>Новое литературное обозрение</i> (М.), 2006, no. 82, pp. 315-325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shargh6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shargh6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shargh6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lem's interview to <a href="/wiki/Peyman_Esmaeili" title="Peyman Esmaeili">Peyman Esmaeili</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018152033/http://english.lem.pl/home/interviews/qsharghq-daily-newspaper?start=5">page 6</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shargh" title="Shargh">Shargh</a></i> newspaper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fantlab.ru/translator659">Feliks Shirokov's page</a> at fantlab.ru</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solaris.lem.pl/ksiazki/beletrystyka/wizja-lokalna/136-appendix?showall=1">"ROZUMOWANY SŁOWNICZEK ZIEMSKO-ZIEMSKI LUZAŃSKICH I KURDLANDZKICH WYRAZÓW OBIEGOWYCH ORAZ SYNTURALNYCH (PATRZ: SYNTURA)"</a> [Explanatory Earthish-Earthish Glossary of Lisatian and Kurdlandian Expression, both Common and Syntural (see:Syntura)]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orl_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Orli%C5%84ski" title="Wojciech Orliński">Wojciech Orliński</a>, <i>Co to są sepulki? Wszystko o Lemie</i> [<i>What are Sepulki? Everything about Lem</i>], 2007, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8324007989" title="Special:BookSources/8324007989">8324007989</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nautil.us/issue/17/big-bangs/the-book-no-one-read">"The Book No One Read. Why Stanislaw Lem’s futurism deserves attention"</a>, by Lee Billings, October 2, 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Quarterly" title="Nautilus Quarterly">Nautilus Quarterly</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piotr Krywak, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rep.up.krakow.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11716/2748/PM190--Fantastyka-Lema--Krywak.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Fantastyka Lema: droga do "Fiaska"</a></i> ["Science Fiction of Lem: A Road to <i><a href="/wiki/Fiasco_(novel)" title="Fiasco (novel)">Fiasco</a></i>" ], Krakow, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85898-75-1" title="Special:BookSources/83-85898-75-1">83-85898-75-1</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofstadter1997" class="citation book cs1">Hofstadter, Douglas (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/letonbeaudemarot00hofs"><i>Le Ton beau de Marot</i></a>. Basic Books. pp. 50–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-08645-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-08645-4"><bdi>0-465-08645-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Ton+beau+de+Marot&rft.pages=50-56&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-465-08645-4&rft.aulast=Hofstadter&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fletonbeaudemarot00hofs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeologisms+of+Stanis%C5%82aw+Lem" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monika Krajewska, <i>Polsko-rosyjski słownik Lemowych neologizmów</i>, Toruń, 2006 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PR/article/view/8633">book review</a>; downloadable pdf)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcin Fastyn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/58473339/O_niekt%C3%B3rych_neologizmach_Stanis%C5%82awa_Lema_w_poszukiwaniu_etymologii">"O NIEKTÓRYCH NEOLOGIZMACH STANISŁAWA LEMA - W POSZUKIWANIU ETYMOLOGII"</a>, In book: <i>Języki słowiańskie dziś : w kręgu kategorii, struktur i procesów</i>, 2021, pp.111-120</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neologisms_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anusiewicz J., Funkcja i struktura neologizmów w utworach fantastycznych Stanisława Lema, „Językoznawca” 1971, nr 23-24</li> <li>Maria Lesz-Duk, "Neologizmy w twórczości Stanisława Lema", 'PRACE NAUKOWE Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie - Językoznawstwo, 2015, z. XI, pp. 141–151 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16926%2Fj.2015.11.10">10.16926/j.2015.11.10</a> - the article analyzes <a href="/wiki/Word_formation" title="Word formation">word formation</a> means used in of Lem's neologisms in <i><a href="/wiki/Bajki_robot%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajki robotów">Bajki robotów</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyberiada" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberiada">Cyberiada</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Kongres_futurologiczny" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongres futurologiczny">Kongres futurologiczny</a></i></li> <li>Marcin Fastyn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ispan.waw.pl/ireteslaw/bitstream/handle/20.500.12528/214/magisterka.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Neologizmy w Kongresie futurologicznym Stanisława Lema i ich translacja na język bułgarski"</a>, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Filologiczny, Katedra Slawistyki Południowej, Nr albumu 111212/S, 2006, 241pp. - a Master's thesis analyzing over 400 neologisms in the Bulgarian translation by Svetlana Petrova, Лем С. Конгрес по футурология, София 1994</li> <li>Nowotna – Szybistowa M., Nazewnictwo „Cyberiady” Stanisława Lema, „Onomastica”, XIV, 1969, s. 186–204, XV, 1970, s. 180-201</li> <li>Domaciuk I., Nazwy własne w prozie Stanisława Lema, Lublin, 2003</li> <li>D. Wesołowska, Język fantastyczny w utworach Lema, „Język Polski”, 1963, XLIII, s. 13–27</li> <li>R. Handke, W sprawie stylistycznej wartości neologizmów Lema, „Język Polski” 1964, z. 5.</li> <li>D. Moszyńska, O stylizacji języka w beletrystyce astronautycznej, „Język Polski" 1964, z. 2.</li> <li>Z. Bożek, Dowcip językowy w twórczości Stanisława Lema, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego CCCCLVII, Prace Językoznawcze nr 54, 1977.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solaris.lem.pl/o-lemie/ksiazki-o-lemie/lem-tlumacze">Lem i tłumacze</a>, E. Skibińska, J. Rzeszotnik (eds.), 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7638-096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7638-096-4">978-83-7638-096-4</a> <ul><li>PIOTR BLUMCZYŃSKI, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2240723/Pilnikiem_kluczem_czy_siekier%C4%85_O_t%C5%82umaczeniu_Lema_na_angielski">"PILNIKIEM, KLUCZEM, CZY SIEKIERĄ? O TŁUMACZENIU LEMA NA ANGIELSKI "</a></li> <li>"Monika Woźniak" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1249317/Spaghetti_z_sepulkami_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem_we_W%C5%82oszech">"Spaghetti z sepulkami : Stanisław Lem we Włoszech"</a> ["Spaghetti with Sepulkas: Stanislaw Lem in Italy"]</li></ul></li> <li>Ольга Константинова, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31814730/Praca_magisterska_Analiza_konotacji_neologizm%C3%B3w_Stanis%C5%82awa_Lema_w_przek%C5%82adzie_Dziennik%C3%B3w_gwiazdowych_na_j%C4%99zyk_rosyjski_">Praca magisterska "Analiza konotacji neologizmów Stanisława Lema w przekładzie Dzienników gwiazdowych na język rosyjski"</a>, 2014, Master's thesis</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadeusz_Piotrowski_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadeusz Piotrowski (linguist) (page does not exist)">Tadeusz Piotrowski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Piotrowski_(j%C4%99zykoznawca)" class="extiw" title="pl:Tadeusz Piotrowski (językoznawca)">pl</a>]</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quart.uni.wroc.pl/pdf/37/quart3738_Lem_17_Piotrowski.pdf">Lem – nowator językowy?</a>, Quart / Lem / Numer specjalny 3–4 (37–38) / 2015 - the paper describes briefly the present state of research into Stanislaw Lem's language, especially into his vocabulary, in particular his linguistic innovations (called neologisms), and outlines the main principles of a study into Lem's language that the author plans (with Łukasz Grabowski)</li> <li>Monika Krajewska: Polsko-rosyjski słownik Lemowych neologizmów. Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu 2006 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PR/article/view/8633">A review</a> in <i>Pzegląd Rusycystyczny</i>, 4, 2020. ) -- (analyzed: Bajki robotów, Cyberiada, Dzienniki gwiazdowe)</li> <li>Julia Mielczarek, BUDOWA SŁOWOTWÓRCZA I ZNACZENIE NAZW ŚRODKÓW PSYCHOTROPOWYCH W OPOWIADANIU STANISŁAWA LEMA KONGRES FUTUROLOGICZNY, <i>Poradnik Językowy</i>, no. 9, 2003</li> <li>Stanisław Barańczak, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solaris.lem.pl/ksiazki/beletrystyka/cyberiada/442-recenzja-cyberiada-elektrycerze-i-cyberchanioly">ELEKTRYCERZE I CYBERCHANIOŁY</a>", "Nurt" nr 8, 1972</li> <li>Hanna Salich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.akademicka.pl/moap/article/view/1204/1081">"Authorial Neologisms in Translation: Is the Translator a Smuggler?"</a>, In: <i>Między Oryginałem a Przekładem</i>, 2020, no. 1(47), pp. 59–78 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12797%2FMOaP.26.2020.47.03">10.12797/MOaP.26.2020.47.03</a>—on translation of neologisms in <i><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99tnik_znaleziony_w_wannie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiętnik znaleziony w wannie">Pamiętnik znaleziony w wannie</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neologisms_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Magdalena Goetz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niestatystyczny.pl/2020/08/26/lemowe-neologizmy/">Lemowe neologizmy</a>, August 26, 2020</li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Template:Stanisław Lem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Template talk:Stanisław Lem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stanisław Lem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Stanisław_Lem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem_and_their_adaptations" title="List of works by Stanisław Lem and their adaptations">Works</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Stanisław Lem">Stanisław Lem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Mars" title="The Man from Mars">The Man from Mars</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Czas_nieutracony" title="Czas nieutracony">Time Not Lost</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Hospital of the Transfiguration">Hospital of the Transfiguration</a></i> (1948)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Astronauts" title="The Astronauts">The Astronauts</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magellanic_Cloud" title="The Magellanic Cloud">The Magellanic Cloud</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Investigation" title="The Investigation">The Investigation</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eden_(Lem_novel)" title="Eden (Lem novel)">Eden</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_from_the_Stars" title="Return from the Stars">Return from the Stars</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(novel)" title="Solaris (novel)">Solaris</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_Found_in_a_Bathtub" title="Memoirs Found in a Bathtub">Memoirs Found in a Bathtub</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invincible" title="The Invincible">The Invincible</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Highcastle" title="Highcastle">Highcastle</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice_(novel)" title="His Master's Voice (novel)">His Master's Voice</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Futurological_Congress" title="The Futurological Congress">The Futurological Congress</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Professor_A._Do%C5%84da" title="Professor A. Dońda">Professor A. Dońda</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chain_of_Chance" title="The Chain of Chance">The Chain of Chance</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golem_XIV" title="Golem XIV">Golem XIV</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Observation_on_the_Spot" title="Observation on the Spot">Observation on the Spot</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiasco_(novel)" title="Fiasco (novel)">Fiasco</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peace_on_Earth_(novel)" title="Peace on Earth (novel)">Peace on Earth</a></i> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg/120px-Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg/180px-Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg/240px-Stanislaw_Lem_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1091" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Koniec_%C5%9Bwiata_o_%C3%B3smej" title="Koniec świata o ósmej">End of the World at Eight O'Clock</a>" (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_Diaries" title="The Star Diaries">The Star Diaries</a></i> (1957)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(1950s_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem_short_story)" title="The Hunt (1950s Stanisław Lem short story)">The Hunt </a>" (1950s)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Terminus_(short_story)" title="Terminus (short story)">Terminus</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lymphater%27s_Formula" title="Lymphater's Formula">Lymphater's Formula</a>" (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fables_for_Robots" title="Fables for Robots">Fables for Robots</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cyberiad" title="The Cyberiad">The Cyberiad</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Pirx_the_Pilot" title="Tales of Pirx the Pilot">Tales of Pirx the Pilot</a></i> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mask_(Lem_short_story)" title="The Mask (Lem short story)">The Mask</a>" (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogs_(Lem)" title="Dialogs (Lem)">Dialogs</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Technologiae" title="Summa Technologiae">Summa Technologiae</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_Chance" title="The Philosophy of Chance">The Philosophy of Chance</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Futurology" title="Science Fiction and Futurology">Science Fiction and Futurology</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microworlds:_Writings_on_Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy" title="Microworlds: Writings on Science Fiction and Fantasy">Microworlds</a></i> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem%27s_fictitious_criticism_of_nonexistent_books" title="Stanisław Lem's fictitious criticism of nonexistent books">Pseudepigraphy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Vacuum" title="A Perfect Vacuum">A Perfect Vacuum</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_Magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaginary Magnitude">Imaginary Magnitude</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Human_Minute" class="mw-redirect" title="One Human Minute">One Human Minute</a></i> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Korzenie" title="Korzenie">Korzenie</a></i> (1940s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_You_Exist,_Mr._Jones%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Do You Exist, Mr. Jones?">Do You Exist, Mr. Jones?</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faithful_Robot" title="Faithful Robot">Faithful Robot</a></i> (1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Star" title="The Silent Star">The Silent Star</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyage_to_the_End_of_the_Universe" title="Voyage to the End of the Universe">Voyage to the End of the Universe</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(1968_film)" title="Solaris (1968 film)">Solaris</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Przek%C5%82adaniec" title="Przekładaniec">Roly Poly</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(1972_film)" title="Solaris (1972 film)">Solaris</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_the_Transfiguration_(film)" title="Hospital of the Transfiguration (film)">Hospital of the Transfiguration</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inquest_of_Pilot_Pirx" title="Inquest of Pilot Pirx">Inquest of Pilot Pirx</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victim_of_the_Brain" title="Victim of the Brain">Victim of the Brain</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(2002_film)" title="Solaris (2002 film)">Solaris</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1_(2009_film)" title="1 (2009 film)">1</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_(Lem_short_story)" title="The Mask (Lem short story)">Maska</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Congress_(2013_film)" title="The Congress (2013 film)">The Congress</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice_(2018_film)" title="His Master's Voice (2018 film)">His Master's Voice</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pirx" title="The Adventures of Pirx">The Adventures of Pirx</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ijon_Tichy:_Space_Pilot" title="Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot">Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_a_Bot_Planet" title="Fear of a Bot Planet">Fear of a Bot Planet</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koniec_%C5%9Bwiata_o_%C3%B3smej#Adaptations" title="Koniec świata o ósmej">End of the World at Eight O'Clock</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberiada_(opera)" title="Cyberiada (opera)"><i>Cyberiada</i> (opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(2019_play)" title="Solaris (2019 play)"><i>Solaris</i> (2019 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Invincible_(video_game)" title="The Invincible (video game)">The Invincible (video game)</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijon_Tichy" title="Ijon Tichy">Ijon Tichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Pirx" title="Pilot Pirx">Pilot Pirx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Tarantoga" title="Professor Tarantoga">Professor Tarantoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scientists_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Mad scientists of Stanisław Lem">Mad scientists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professor_A._Do%C5%84da" title="Professor A. Dońda">A. Dońda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lymphater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphater">A. Lymphater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem_and_robots" title="Stanisław Lem and robots">Lem's robots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trurl" class="mw-redirect" title="Trurl">Trurl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Klapaucius" class="mw-redirect" title="Klapaucius">Klapaucius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terminus_(short_story)" title="Terminus (short story)">Terminus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Bibliography of Stanisław Lem">Lemology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Bere%C5%9B" title="Stanisław Bereś">Stanisław Bereś</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dushenko" title="Konstantin Dushenko">Konstantin Dushenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kandel" title="Michael Kandel">Michael Kandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mr%C3%B3z" title="Daniel Mróz">Daniel Mróz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Orli%C5%84ski" title="Wojciech Orliński">Wojciech Orliński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Rottensteiner" title="Franz Rottensteiner">Franz Rottensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Swirski" title="Peter Swirski">Peter Swirski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Stanislaw_Lem_Reader" title="A Stanislaw Lem Reader">A Stanislaw Lem Reader</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Correspondence of Stanisław Lem">Correspondence of Lem</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rozmowy_ze_Stanis%C5%82awem_Lemem" title="Rozmowy ze Stanisławem Lemem">Rozmowy ze Stanisławem Lemem</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_bestowed_on_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors bestowed on Stanisław Lem">Honors bestowed on Lem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neologisms of Stanisław Lem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sepulka" title="Sepulka">Sepulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lem%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Lem's Law">Lem's Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Bibliography of Stanisław Lem">Works about Lem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_Lem" title="Year of Lem">Year of Lem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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