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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asie_et_Pacifique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asie_et_Pacifique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Asie et Pacifique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asie_et_Pacifique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proche-Orient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proche-Orient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Proche-Orient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proche-Orient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monde_grec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monde_grec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Monde grec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monde_grec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnages_significatifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnages_significatifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personnages significatifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnages_significatifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 82 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/10de_eeu_v.C." title="10de eeu v.C. – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="10de eeu v.C." data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_X_aC" title="Sieglo X aC – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo X aC" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_10_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="القرن 10 ق م – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 10 ق م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_10_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="القرن 10 ق م – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن 10 ق م" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_X_e.C." title="Sieglu X e.C. – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu X e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._X_%C9%99sr" title="E.ə. X əsr – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. X əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-10_SM" title="Abad ka-10 SM – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-10 SM" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="X стагоддзе да н.э. – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="X стагоддзе да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="10 век пр.н.е. – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="10 век пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._vijek_p._n._e." title="10. vijek p. n. e. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="10. vijek p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_X_aC" title="Segle X aC – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle X aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._stolet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="10. století př. n. l. – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="10. století př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%A5rhundrede_f.Kr." title="10. århundrede f.Kr. – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="10. århundrede f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._Jahrhundert_v._Chr." title="10. Jahrhundert v. Chr. – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="10. Jahrhundert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="10ος αιώνας π.Χ. – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="10ος αιώνας π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_century_BC" title="10th century BC – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="10th century BC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-a_jarcento_a.K." title="10-a jarcento a.K. – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="10-a jarcento a.K." data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_X_a._C." title="Siglo X a. C. – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo X a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._sajand_eKr" title="10. sajand eKr – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="10. sajand eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._X._mendea" title="K.a. X. mendea – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. X. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B0_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="سده ۱۰ (پیش از میلاد) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده ۱۰ (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/900-luku_eaa." title="900-luku eaa. – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="900-luku eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%B8ld_f.Kr." title="10. øld f.Kr. – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="10. øld f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._juarhunert_f.Kr." title="10. juarhunert f.Kr. – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="10. juarhunert f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/10e_iuw_f.Kr." title="10e iuw f.Kr. – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="10e iuw f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%C3%BA_haois_RC" title="10ú haois RC – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="10ú haois RC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/10mh_linn_RC" title="10mh linn RC – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="10mh linn RC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_-X" title="Século -X – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século -X" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-10_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="המאה ה-10 לפנה"ס – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-10 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="10. stoljeće pr. Kr. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="10. stoljeće pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._10._sz%C3%A1zad" title="I. e. 10. század – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 10. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84.%D5%A9.%D5%A1._10%E2%80%93%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մ.թ.ա. 10–րդ դար – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մ.թ.ա. 10–րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-10_SM" title="Abad ke-10 SM – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-10 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/10ma_yarcento_aK" title="10ma yarcento aK – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="10ma yarcento aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%B6ldin_f.Kr." title="10. öldin f.Kr. – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="10. öldin f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_secolo_a.C." title="X secolo a.C. – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="X secolo a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D10%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前10世紀 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前10世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._X_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ძვ. წ. X საუკუნე – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. X საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_10%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="기원전 10세기 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 10세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_10_a.C.n." title="Saeculum 10 a.C.n. – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 10 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._Joerhonnert_v._Chr." title="10. Joerhonnert v. Chr. – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="10. Joerhonnert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_10_aec" title="Sentenio 10 aec – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 10 aec" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_secolo_a.C." title="X secolo a.C. – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="X secolo a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_am%C5%BEius_pr._m._e." title="X amžius pr. m. e. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="X amžius pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._gadsimts_p.m.%C4%93." title="10. gadsimts p.m.ē. – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="10. gadsimts p.m.ē." data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="10 век п.н.е. – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="10 век п.н.е." data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.पू.चे १० वे शतक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू.चे १० वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-10_SM" title="Abad ke-10 SM – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-10 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._Johrhunnert_v._Chr." title="10. Johrhunnert v. Chr. – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="10. Johrhunnert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/10e_eeuw_v._Chr." title="10e eeuw v. Chr. – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="10e eeuw v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/10e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="10e eeuw v.Chr. – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="10e eeuw v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/900-talet_fvt." title="900-talet fvt. – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="900-talet fvt." data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%C3%A5rhundre_f.Kr." title="10. århundre f.Kr. – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="10. århundre f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_X_abC" title="Sègle X abC – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle X abC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_wiek_p.n.e." title="X wiek p.n.e. – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="X wiek p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_X_a.C." title="Século X a.C. – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século X a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata_k%C3%B1" title="10 ñiqin pachakwata kñ – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="10 ñiqin pachakwata kñ" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_X-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Secolul al X-lea î.Hr. – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al X-lea î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="X век до н. э. – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="X век до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/X._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="X. стороча до н. е. – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="X. стороча до н. е." data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._vijek_pne." title="10. vijek pne. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="10. vijek pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._storo%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="10. storočie pred Kr. – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="10. storočie pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._stoletje_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="10. stoletje pr. n. št. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="10. stoletje pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_X_p.e.s." title="Shekulli X p.e.s. – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli X p.e.s." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="10. век п. н. е. – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="10. век п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-10_SM" title="Abad ka-10 SM – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-10 SM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/900-talet_f.Kr." title="900-talet f.Kr. – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="900-talet f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_10_KK" title="Karne ya 10 KK – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 10 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_X_%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Садаи X то мелод – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи X то мелод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-10_dantaon_BC" title="Ika-10 dantaon BC – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-10 dantaon BC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%96_10._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="MÖ 10. yüzyıl – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MÖ 10. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%BA.)" title="X гасыр (б. э. к.) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="X гасыр (б. э. к.)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="X століття до н. е. – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X століття до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="دسویں صدی ق م – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دسویں صدی ق م" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil._av._X_asr" title="Mil. av. X asr – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mil. av. X asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_seco%C5%82o_v.C." title="X secoło v.C. – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="X secoło v.C." data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_10_TCN" title="Thế kỷ 10 TCN – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 10 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-10_nga_gatostuig_UC" title="Ika-10 nga gatostuig UC – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-10 nga gatostuig UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D10%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="前10世纪 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前10世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._X_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჯვ. წ. X ოშწანურა – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center> <p><a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></abbr> millénaire <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> | <b><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> millénaire <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></b> | <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> millénaire</a> </p> </center> <center> <p><a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XVe siècle av. J.-C.">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> | <a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> | <b><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> | <a href="/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IXe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> | <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> | <a href="/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Ve siècle av. J.-C.">../..</a> </p> </center> <center> <p><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_990_av._J.-C." title="Années 990 av. J.-C.">Années 990 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_980_av._J.-C." title="Années 980 av. J.-C.">Années 980 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_970_av._J.-C." title="Années 970 av. J.-C.">Années 970 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_960_av._J.-C." title="Années 960 av. J.-C.">Années 960 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_950_av._J.-C." title="Années 950 av. J.-C.">Années 950 av. J.-C.</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_940_av._J.-C." title="Années 940 av. J.-C.">Années 940 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_930_av._J.-C." title="Années 930 av. J.-C.">Années 930 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_920_av._J.-C." title="Années 920 av. J.-C.">Années 920 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_910_av._J.-C." title="Années 910 av. J.-C.">Années 910 av. J.-C.</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_900_av._J.-C." title="Années 900 av. J.-C.">Années 900 av. J.-C.</a> </p> </center> <p>Voir aussi : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_si%C3%A8cles" title="Liste des siècles">Liste des siècles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiffres_romains" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiffres romains">Chiffres romains</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:World_in_1000_BCE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/220px-World_in_1000_BCE.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/330px-World_in_1000_BCE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_in_1000_BCE.png/440px-World_in_1000_BCE.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>Le monde vers 1000 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Vers 950 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : selon la tradition éthiopienne du <i><a href="/wiki/Kebra_Nagast" title="Kebra Nagast">Kebra Nagast</a></i> rédigé au <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="14ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> , <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9n%C3%A9lik_Ier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ménélik Ier">Ménélik <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, fils du roi d'Israël <a href="/wiki/Salomon_(roi_d%27Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Salomon (roi d'Israël)">Salomon</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/Reine_de_Saba" title="Reine de Saba">reine de Saba</a>, fonde le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Axoum" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume d'Axoum">royaume d'Axoum</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La fondation d'Aksoum par des <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Saba" title="Royaume de Saba">Sabéens</a> de <a href="/wiki/Langues_s%C3%A9mitiques" title="Langues sémitiques">langue sémitique</a> qui auraient traversé la <a href="/wiki/Mer_Rouge" title="Mer Rouge">mer Rouge</a> en venant d'<a href="/wiki/Arabie_du_Sud" title="Arabie du Sud">Arabie du Sud</a> (l'actuel <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9men" title="Yémen">Yémen</a>) est remise en cause par la plupart des chercheurs qui privilégient un développement autochtone avant la migration sabéenne au <a href="/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IVe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et <a href="/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Ve siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècles <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> (<a href="/wiki/D%27mt" title="D'mt">D'mt</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asie_et_Pacifique">Asie et Pacifique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Pacifique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Asie et Pacifique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1000-600 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_v%C3%A9dique" title="Période védique">période védique</a> tardive en <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a>, liée à la découverte archéologique de <a href="/wiki/Culture_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique_grise_peinte" title="Culture de la céramique grise peinte">poterie grise peinte</a> dans la région du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>, particulièrement dans l’<a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> (900-500 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>). L’introduction des outils de fer permet d’intensifier le défrichement de la région du <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gange</a>. La culture du riz se développe<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Vers 1000 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, les <a href="/wiki/Aryens" title="Aryens">Aryens</a> entrent au <a href="/wiki/Gujerat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujerat">Gujerat</a>. Les prêtres dominent la société<sup id="cite_ref-Daniélou_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniélou-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C’est à cette époque que sont rédigés les textes sacrés de l’<a href="/wiki/Hindouisme" title="Hindouisme">hindouisme</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Veda</a>, qui attestent du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_castes_en_Inde" class="mw-redirect" title="Système de castes en Inde">système des castes</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Littérature védique des <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sûtra">Sûtra</a> (selon la tradition)<sup id="cite_ref-Daniélou_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniélou-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Époque possible de la rédaction du <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahābhārata">Mahābhārata</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le roi <a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Rishabhanatha</a> fonde la <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%AFnisme" title="Jaïnisme">religion Jaïna</a> (date traditionnelle)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L’homme se perfectionne par ses actes au cours de sa vie, et à sa mort, renaît dans un autre corps — théorie du <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-violence" title="Non-violence">non-violence</a>), du <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9g%C3%A9tarisme" title="Végétarisme">végétarisme</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9incarnation" title="Réincarnation">réincarnation</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>1000-400 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_J%C5%8Dmon" title="Période Jōmon">période Jōmon</a> final au <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>1000 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>- <a href="/wiki/43" title="43">43</a> <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></b> : <a href="/wiki/Culture_Dong_Son" title="Culture Dong Son">culture Dong Son</a> au nord du <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Viêt Nam">Viêt Nam</a>. Métallurgie du bronze (tambours de Dong Son), riziculture<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>1000-800 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : âge du bronze final dans les steppes eurasiatiques, connu comme une phase de transition de la <a href="/wiki/Culture_du_Karassouk" title="Culture du Karassouk">culture du Karassouk</a> vers l’âge du fer dite période Kamenniy Log (ou Kamennyi Log)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les groupes de pasteurs sont majoritaires. L’économie complètement nomade des steppes est fondée sur l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89levage_extensif" title="Élevage extensif">élevage extensif</a> des chevaux, des bovins et des moutons, avec l’appoint de l’agriculture et de la chasse.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>950-700 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : des peuples <a href="/wiki/Lapita" title="Lapita">Lapita</a> (polynésiens) sont attestés sur les îles <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> (950-900 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>), <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> (900-850 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>) <a href="/wiki/Futuna" title="Futuna">Futuna</a> et <a href="/wiki/Uvea" title="Uvea">Uvea</a> (vers 700 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>vers <b>1050 av. J.-C. - <a href="/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> ap. J.-C.</b> : début et extension de la période formative de la civilisation <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a> dans les <a href="/wiki/Cordill%C3%A8re_des_Andes" title="Cordillère des Andes">Andes</a> autour du <a href="/wiki/Lac_Titicaca" title="Lac Titicaca">lac Titicaca</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proche-Orient">Proche-Orient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Proche-Orient" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Proche-Orient"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1000-883 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : la <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a> devient la principale puissance commerciale du Levant. Les marins phéniciens fondent des comptoirs en Méditerranée, à <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_Chypre" title="Histoire de Chypre">Chypre</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Sicile_ph%C3%A9nicienne" title="Histoire de la Sicile phénicienne">Sicile</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Sardaigne#Colonisation_phénicienne_d'une_partie_de_littoral" title="Histoire de la Sardaigne">Sardaigne</a>, sur la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Ib%C3%A9rique" title="Péninsule Ibérique">péninsule Ibérique</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Afrique_du_Nord" title="Afrique du Nord">Afrique du Nord</a>. Ils franchissent le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_Gibraltar" title="Détroit de Gibraltar">détroit de Gibraltar</a> et fondent <a href="/wiki/Gad%C3%A8s" title="Gadès">Gadès</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadix" title="Cadix">Cadix</a>) et <a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ville_antique)" title="Lixus (ville antique)">Lixus</a> au Maroc vers 1100 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> selon les sources classiques, mais plus probablement après <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> selon l’archéologie. L'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_ph%C3%A9nicien" title="Alphabet phénicien">alphabet phénicien</a>, issu probablement de l’<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_protosina%C3%AFtique" title="Alphabet protosinaïtique">alphabet protosinaïtique</a>, se développe vers 1050 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> La première inscription connue en caractères alphabétiques phéniciens, datée d'environ 1000 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, figure sur le <a href="/wiki/Sarcophage_d%27Ahiram" title="Sarcophage d'Ahiram">sarcophage du roi Ahiram</a> de <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tyr" title="Tyr">Tyr</a> devient le principal port de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a>, à la place de <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Elayi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elayi-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Vers 950 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : comme l’atteste le <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_de_Gezer" title="Calendrier de Gezer">calendrier de Gezer</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Palestine_mandataire" title="Palestine mandataire">Palestine</a> méridionale, l’usage du <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">système alphabétique</a> se généralise à tout le Levant<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des inscriptions du <abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle ont été retrouvées de la <a href="/wiki/Transjordanie_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Transjordanie (région)">Transjordanie</a> (<a href="/wiki/St%C3%A8le_de_Mesha" title="Stèle de Mesha">stèle de Mesha</a>) à l’<a href="/wiki/Euphrate" title="Euphrate">Euphrate</a>, en passant par <a href="/wiki/Damas" title="Damas">Damas</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Les <a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A9ens_(Antiquit%C3%A9)" title="Araméens (Antiquité)">Araméens</a> étendent leur domination sur la Syrie du Nord au détriment des <a href="/wiki/Royaumes_n%C3%A9o-hittites" title="Royaumes néo-hittites">royaumes néo-hittites</a>. Ils forment les royaumes de <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damas" title="Aram-Damas">Damas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alep" title="Alep">Alep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arpad_(Syrie)" title="Arpad (Syrie)">Arpad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam%27al" title="Sam'al">Sam’al</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Guzana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guzana">Guzana</a> sur le site de <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit-Halupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit-Halupe (page inexistante)">Bît Halupê</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit-Halupe" class="extiw" title="en:Bit-Halupe"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Bit-Halupe »">(en)</span></a> sur le bas <a href="/wiki/Khabour" title="Khabour">Khabur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Suwar" title="Al-Suwar">Al-Suwar</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit-Zamani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit-Zamani (page inexistante)">Bît Zamâni</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit-Zamani" class="extiw" title="en:Bit-Zamani"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Bit-Zamani »">(en)</span></a> avec Amedi pour capitale (aujourd’hui <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diarbakr</a>). Seul <a href="/wiki/Karkemish" title="Karkemish">Karkemish</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Cilicie" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a> et les États néo-hittites du Taurus préservent leur indépendance. Les <a href="/wiki/Chald%C3%A9e" title="Chaldée">Chaldéens</a>, peuple voisin, s’installent dans la région d’<a href="/wiki/Ur_(M%C3%A9sopotamie)" title="Ur (Mésopotamie)">Ur</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg/220px-Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg/330px-Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg/440px-Eberswalder-goldschatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Le <i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_d%27Eberswalde" title="Trésor d'Eberswalde">trésor d'Eberswalde</a></i> est un ensemble de 81 bijoux en or mis au jour dans le <a href="/wiki/Brandebourg" title="Brandebourg">Brandebourg</a>, daté des <a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="XIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècles <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Vers 1000-850 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : phase IV de la <a href="/wiki/Civilisation_des_champs_d%27urnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisation des champs d'urnes">civilisation des champs d'urnes</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gimbutas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gimbutas-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La pratique de l'<a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9mation" title="Crémation">incinération</a> des morts se généralise en Europe occidentale<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Vers 1000-700 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : les <a href="/wiki/Cimm%C3%A9riens" title="Cimmériens">Cimmériens</a>, d’origine indo-européenne, dominent la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a> méridionale, la <a href="/wiki/Crim%C3%A9e" title="Crimée">Crimée</a> et l’<a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Culture_latiale" title="Culture latiale">culture latiale</a> I, variante archéologique de la <a href="/wiki/Protovillanovienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Protovillanovienne">culture protovillanovienne</a>, succède à la <a href="/wiki/Culture_apenninique" title="Culture apenninique">culture apenninique</a> de l’âge du bronze dans le <a href="/wiki/Latium" title="Latium">Latium</a>, en Italie<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Les <a href="/wiki/Iapyges" title="Iapyges">Iapyges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dauniens" title="Dauniens">Dauniens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peuc%C3%A8tes" title="Peucètes">Peucétiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messapiens" title="Messapiens">Messapiens</a>), originaires d’Illyrie occupent le sud-est de l’Italie (<a href="/wiki/Pouilles" title="Pouilles">Apulie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ils sont à l’origine de grandes agglomérations et produisent une céramique originale à peinture mate, résistant à l’influence grecque jusqu’aux <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> – <a href="/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IVe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècles <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Première traces d’occupation du site de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ies" title="Véies">Véies</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monde_grec">Monde grec</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Monde grec" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Monde grec"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi,_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg/170px-Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg/255px-Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg/340px-Centaur_Chiron_of_Lefkandi%2C_Archaeological_museum_of_Eretria%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="4996" /></a><figcaption>Centaure de Lefkandi, 1050 - 900 av.J.-C.. Figurine d'argile découverte en deux morceaux, dans deux tombes voisines de la nécropole de Toumba.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>1050-900 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_protog%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique" class="mw-redirect" title="Période protogéométrique">période protogéométrique</a> dans la céramique en <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce" title="Grèce">Grèce</a><sup id="cite_ref-Feuer_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feuer-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Passage à l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer">âge du fer</a><sup id="cite_ref-Poursat_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poursat-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La métallurgie du fer se diffuse dans la région de la mer Égée et en <a href="/wiki/Europe_centrale" title="Europe centrale">Europe centrale</a>. <ul><li>Le bâtiment de Toumba à <a href="/wiki/Lefkandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lefkandi">Lefkandi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eub%C3%A9e" title="Eubée">Eubée</a>), est daté de la première moitié du siècle. Ce bâtiment à abside, de 50 mètres de long sur 14 mètres de large, entouré d’une rangée de poteaux de bois formant véranda, est la plus ancienne apparition du système <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ript%C3%A8re" title="Périptère">périptère</a> qui sera plus tard associé au plan du temple grec (<a href="/wiki/700_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="700 av. J.-C.">700 av. J.-C.</a>). Il s’agit soit d’une résidence princière dans laquelle le prince aurait été enterré après sa mort, soit d’un édifice funéraire construit en imitation d’une résidence princière (le bâtiment ne semble avoir fonctionné que pendant un laps de temps très court)<sup id="cite_ref-Poursat_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poursat-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Les <a href="/wiki/Ionie" title="Ionie">Ioniens</a> sont implantés en Asie mineure dans dix cités (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e_(ville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Érythrée (ville)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clazom%C3%A8nes" title="Clazomènes">Clazomènes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colophon_(ville)" title="Colophon (ville)">Colophon</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9b%C3%A9dos" title="Lébédos">Lébédos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milet" title="Milet">Milet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myonte" title="Myonte">Myonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoc%C3%A9e" title="Phocée">Phocée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pri%C3%A8ne" title="Priène">Priène</a> et <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9os_(ville)" title="Téos (ville)">Téos</a>) et dans les îles de <a href="/wiki/Samos" class="mw-redirect" title="Samos">Samos</a> et <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, ce qui sera au <a href="/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_ionienne" title="Confédération ionienne">confédération ionienne</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Apparition des premières offrandes dans le sanctuaire d’<a href="/wiki/Olympie" title="Olympie">Olympie</a>. Les figurines de terre cuite sont suivies par les premières statuettes en bronze, enfin des trépieds un peu avant la fin siècle<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Vers 950 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> : à <a href="/wiki/Lefkandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lefkandi">Lefkandi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eub%C3%A9e" title="Eubée">Eubée</a>), des contacts nouveaux se créent au début du <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_protog%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique" class="mw-redirect" title="Période protogéométrique">Protogéométrique récent</a> avec les régions proches (<a href="/wiki/Attique" title="Attique">Attique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessalie" title="Thessalie">Thessalie</a>). Des changements interviennent dans les coutumes funéraires. Des créations locales, comme la coupe à boire « <a href="/wiki/Skyphos" title="Skyphos">skyphos</a> à demi-cercles pendants », deviendront le témoignage archéologique principal de la présence eubéenne en <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a> pendant près de deux siècles. L’or réapparaît après une longue absence. L’art du métal se développe (trépieds en bronze, nouveau type de fibule)<sup id="cite_ref-Poursat_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poursat-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Vers 950-925 av. J.-C.</b> : début d'une période de paix relative dans le monde grec qui dure jusqu'au début du <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> Intensification des relations commerciales avec l'<a href="/wiki/Proche-Orient_ancien" title="Proche-Orient ancien">Orient</a> et début du contact avec la <a href="/wiki/Sicile" title="Sicile">Sicile</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Sardaigne" title="Sardaigne">Sardaigne</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89trurie" title="Étrurie">Étrurie</a>, notamment via le biais des expéditions d'aristocrates <a href="/wiki/Eub%C3%A9e" title="Eubée">eubéens</a>.</li> <li><b>Vers 930-890 av. J.-C.</b> : règne d'<a href="/wiki/Agis_Ier" title="Agis Ier">Agis <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, roi de <a href="/wiki/Sparte" title="Sparte">Sparte</a>.</li> <li><b>Vers 925-<a href="/wiki/600_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="600 av. J.-C.">600 av. J.-C.</a></b> : temples phéniciens à Kommos, sur la côte sud de la <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8te" title="Crète">Crète</a><sup id="cite_ref-Poursat_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poursat-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnages_significatifs">Personnages significatifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Personnages significatifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnages significatifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Ier" title="Hiram Ier">Hiram</a>, roi de <a href="/wiki/Tyr" title="Tyr">Tyr</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salomon (Bible)">Salomon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Isra%C3%ABl" title="Royaume d'Israël">roi d'Israël</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshonq_Ier" title="Sheshonq Ier">Sheshonq <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, pharaon d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte</a> d'origine libyenne.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agis_Ier" title="Agis Ier">Agis <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, roi de <a href="/wiki/Sparte" title="Sparte">Sparte</a>.</li> <li>Balkis, <a href="/wiki/Reine_de_Saba" title="Reine de Saba">reine de Saba</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanislas_Gérard1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Stanislas_Gérard1991">Albert Stanislas Gérard, <cite class="italique">Littératures en langues africaines</cite>, FeniXX, <time>1991</time>, 64 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-402-02843-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-402-02843-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-402-02843-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=DGJYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT6">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Litt%C3%A9ratures+en+langues+africaines&rft.pub=FeniXX&rft.au=Albert+Stanislas+G%C3%A9rard&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=64&rft.isbn=978-2-402-02843-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Krishna_Reddy2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="K._Krishna_Reddy2011">K. Krishna Reddy, <cite class="italique">Indian History</cite>, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-259-06323-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-259-06323-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-259-06323-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+History&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.au=K.+Krishna+Reddy&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-259-06323-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniélou-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daniélou_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Daniélou_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Daniélou1983"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alain_Daniélou1983">Alain Daniélou, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Inde</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>1983</time>, 456 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-63953-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-63953-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-63953-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=UPY7LtLc7O8C&pg=PAPT223">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Inde&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Dani%C3%A9lou&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft.date=1983&rft.tpages=456&rft.isbn=978-2-213-63953-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kumar_Jha"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pravin_Kumar_Jha">Pravin Kumar Jha, <cite class="italique">Indian Politics in Comparative Perspective</cite>, Pearson Education India, 312 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-317-9887-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-317-9887-4"><span class="nowrap">978-81-317-9887-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=I8OuIjo6KOAC&pg=PA100">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Politics+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.au=Pravin+Kumar+Jha&rft.tpages=312&rft.isbn=978-81-317-9887-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Doniger2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wendy_Doniger2009">Wendy Doniger, <cite class="italique">The Hindus : An Alternative History</cite>, Penguin, <time>2009</time>, 800 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-101-02870-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-101-02870-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-101-02870-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aoiwqK8D_7AC&pg=PAPT248">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindus&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.stitle=An+Alternative+History&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=800&rft.isbn=978-1-101-02870-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shah2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Natubhai_Shah2004">Natubhai Shah, <cite class="italique">Jainism : The World of Conquerors</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Motilal Banarsidass Publishe, <time>2004</time>, 330 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-208-1938-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-208-1938-2"><span class="nowrap">978-81-208-1938-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC&pg=PA15">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jainism&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishe&rft.stitle=The+World+of+Conquerors&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Natubhai&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=330&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1938-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Demoule,_Pierre-François_Souyri2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Demoule,_Pierre-François_Souyri2014">Jean-Paul Demoule, Pierre-François Souyri, <cite class="italique">Archéologie et patrimoine au Japon</cite>, Les Éditions de la MSH, <time>2014</time>, 146 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7351-1547-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7351-1547-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7351-1547-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=1CsljCo03DYC&pg=PA3">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arch%C3%A9ologie+et+patrimoine+au+Japon&rft.pub=Les+%C3%89ditions+de+la+MSH&rft.au=Jean-Paul+Demoule%2C+Pierre-Fran%C3%A7ois+Souyri&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=146&rft.isbn=978-2-7351-1547-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Brian_FaganDurrani2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dr._Brian_FaganNadia_Durrani2015">Dr. Brian Fagan et Nadia Durrani, <cite class="italique">People of the Earth : An Introduction to World Prehistory</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2015</time>, 560 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-317-34682-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-317-34682-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-317-34682-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=M8lwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA368">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+of+the+Earth&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=An+Introduction+to+World+Prehistory&rft.au=Dr.+Brian+Fagan&rft.au=Nadia+Durrani&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=560&rft.isbn=978-1-317-34682-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Honeychurch2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_Honeychurch2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William Honeychurch, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Inner Asia and the Spatial Politics of Empire : Archaeology, Mobility, and Culture Contact</cite>, New York, Springer, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4939-1815-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4939-1815-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4939-1815-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=SaMxBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inner+Asia+and+the+Spatial+Politics+of+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.stitle=Archaeology%2C+Mobility%2C+and+Culture+Contact&rft.aulast=Honeychurch&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4939-1815-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kaeppler2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adrienne_L._Kaeppler2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Adrienne L. Kaeppler, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Pacific Arts of Polynesia and Micronesia</cite>, Oxford, OUP Oxford, <time>2008</time>, 210 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-284238-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-284238-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-284238-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=o0oSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Arts+of+Polynesia+and+Micronesia&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.aulast=Kaeppler&rft.aufirst=Adrienne+L.&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=210&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284238-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elayi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Elayi_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elayi2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Josette_Elayi2013">Josette Elayi, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Phénicie</cite>, <time>2013</time>, 356 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-262-04325-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-262-04325-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-262-04325-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cT0mpyQIWc4C&pg=PAPT141">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Ph%C3%A9nicie&rft.aulast=Elayi&rft.aufirst=Josette&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=356&rft.isbn=978-2-262-04325-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hadas-Lebel2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mireille_Hadas-Lebel2013">Mireille Hadas-Lebel, <cite class="italique">L'Hébreu : 3000 ans d'histoire</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel" title="Éditions Albin Michel">Albin Michel</a>, <time>2013</time>, 186 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-226-29276-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-226-29276-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-226-29276-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=t24rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT14">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27H%C3%A9breu&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.stitle=3000+ans+d%27histoire&rft.aulast=Hadas-Lebel&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=186&rft.isbn=978-2-226-29276-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roux2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georges_Roux2015">Georges Roux, <cite class="italique">La Mésopotamie. Essai d'histoire politique, économique et culturelle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Le Seuil</a>, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-02-129163-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-02-129163-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-02-129163-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=2MmPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT244">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+M%C3%A9sopotamie.+Essai+d%27histoire+politique%2C+%C3%A9conomique+et+culturelle&rft.pub=Le+Seuil&rft.aulast=Roux&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-2-02-129163-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Britannica"><span class="ouvrage" id="Encyclopaedia_Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Eberswalde"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Eberswalde</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.britannica.com</span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gimbutas-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Gimbutas_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gimbutas1965"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marija_Gimbutas1965"><a href="/wiki/Marija_Gimbutas" title="Marija Gimbutas">Marija Gimbutas</a>, <cite class="italique">Bronze Age cultures in Central and Eastern Europe</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>, <time>1965</time>, 681 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-11-166814-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-11-166814-7"><span class="nowrap">978-3-11-166814-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=BvtRdigDtFoC&pg=PA245">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bronze+Age+cultures+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.aulast=Gimbutas&rft.aufirst=Marija&rft.date=1965&rft.tpages=681&rft.isbn=978-3-11-166814-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="McIntosh2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jane_McIntosh2009">Jane McIntosh, <cite class="italique">Handbook to Life in Prehistoric Europe</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2009</time>, 404 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-538476-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-538476-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-538476-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=jEIv-GgyLn8C&pg=PA355">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+Life+in+Prehistoric+Europe&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=404&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538476-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heller2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Heller2015">Michel <span class="nom_auteur">Heller</span>, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Russie et de son empire</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Perrin" title="Éditions Perrin">Perrin</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Tempus », <time>2015</time>, 1301 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-262-06435-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-262-06435-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-262-06435-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=QFRYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Russie+et+de+son+empire&rft.pub=Perrin&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=1301&rft.isbn=978-2-262-06435-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Poucet1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Poucet1985">Jacques Poucet, <cite class="italique">Les origines de Rome : tradition et histoire</cite>, Publications Fac St Louis, <time>1985</time>, 360 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8028-0043-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8028-0043-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8028-0043-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gWpGTF_Vt54C&pg=PA21">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+origines+de+Rome&rft.pub=Publications+Fac+St+Louis&rft.stitle=tradition+et+histoire&rft.aulast=Poucet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.date=1985&rft.tpages=360&rft.isbn=978-2-8028-0043-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_la_Genière2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Juliette_de_la_Genière2016">Juliette de la Genière, <cite class="italique">Recherches sur l'Âge du fer en Italie méridionale : Sala Consilina</cite>, Publications du Centre Jean Bérard, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-918887-24-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-918887-24-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-918887-24-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vIh1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+l%27%C3%82ge+du+fer+en+Italie+m%C3%A9ridionale&rft.pub=Publications+du+Centre+Jean+B%C3%A9rard&rft.stitle=Sala+Consilina&rft.au=Juliette+de+la+Geni%C3%A8re&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-2-918887-24-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Damgaard_Andersen1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Helle_Damgaard_Andersen1997">Helle Damgaard Andersen, <cite class="italique">Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th Centuries BC</cite>, Museum Tusculanum Press, <time>1997</time>, 467 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-87-7289-412-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-87-7289-412-6"><span class="nowrap">978-87-7289-412-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=KdQhYldTIC4C&pg=PA317">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urbanization+in+the+Mediterranean+in+the+9th+to+6th+Centuries+BC&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.au=Helle+Damgaard+Andersen&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=467&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-412-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feuer-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Feuer_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Feuer2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bryan_Feuer2004">Bryan Feuer, <cite class="italique">Mycenaean Civilization : An Annotated Bibliography through 2002, rev. ed.</cite>, <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>, <time>2004</time>, 387 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7864-2698-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7864-2698-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7864-2698-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4OGoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mycenaean+Civilization&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.stitle=An+Annotated+Bibliography+through+2002%2C+rev.+ed.&rft.aulast=Feuer&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=387&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2698-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poursat-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Poursat_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poursat_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poursat_22-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Poursat_22-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Poursat2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Claude_Poursat2014">Jean-Claude Poursat, <cite class="italique">La Grèce préclassique : Des origines à la fin du VIe siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Points" title="Éditions Points">Points</a>, <time>2014</time>, 225 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7578-4500-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7578-4500-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7578-4500-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=eKsbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT75">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Gr%C3%A8ce+pr%C3%A9classique&rft.pub=Points&rft.stitle=Des+origines+%C3%A0+la+fin+du+VIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.aulast=Poursat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=225&rft.isbn=978-2-7578-4500-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bruneau2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Bruneau2015">Michel Bruneau, <cite class="italique">De l'Asie mineure à la Turquie</cite>, <a href="/wiki/CNRS_%C3%89ditions" title="CNRS Éditions">CNRS Éditions</a>, <time>2015</time>, 416 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-271-08877-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-271-08877-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-271-08877-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=1vLrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT278">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+l%27Asie+mineure+%C3%A0+la+Turquie&rft.pub=CNRS+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Bruneau&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=2015&rft.tpages=416&rft.isbn=978-2-271-08877-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Piérart1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marcel_Piérart1992">Marcel Piérart, <cite class="italique">Polydipsion Argos</cite>, École Française d'Athènes, <time>1992</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86958-041-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86958-041-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86958-041-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Rk4bAAAAYAAJ&dq=1000&pg=PA3">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polydipsion+Argos&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+d%27Ath%C3%A8nes&rft.aulast=Pi%C3%A9rart&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-2-86958-041-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AXe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span 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