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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Targets_for_short_squeezes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targets_for_short_squeezes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Targets for short squeezes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targets_for_short_squeezes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_squeeze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_squeeze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Long squeeze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_squeeze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gamma_squeeze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gamma_squeeze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gamma squeeze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gamma_squeeze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidaci%C3%B3_for%C3%A7osa_de_posicions_curtes" title="Liquidació forçosa de posicions curtes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liquidació forçosa de posicions curtes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Squeeze" title="Short Squeeze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Short Squeeze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChil%C3%BCps" title="Lühilüps – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühilüps" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96" title="שורט סקוויז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שורט סקוויז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekanan_singkat" title="Tekanan singkat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tekanan singkat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA" title="ショートスクイズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rapid increase in the price of a stock owing primarily to technical factors</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VW-Intraday-oct2008.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/VW-Intraday-oct2008.png/500px-VW-Intraday-oct2008.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/VW-Intraday-oct2008.png/960px-VW-Intraday-oct2008.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Chart showing the price movement and volume during the 2008 short squeeze of Volkswagen shares.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">stock market</a>, a <b>short squeeze</b> is a rapid increase in the price of a <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> owing primarily to an excess of <a href="/wiki/Short_selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Short selling">short selling</a> of a stock rather than underlying <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">fundamentals</a>. A short squeeze occurs when <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">demand</a> has increased relative to <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply</a> because short sellers have to buy stock to cover their short positions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Short_selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Short selling">Short selling</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a> practice in which an <a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">investor</a>, known as the short-seller, borrows shares and immediately sells them, hoping to buy them back later ("covering") at a lower price. As the shares were borrowed, the short-seller must eventually return them to the lender (plus interest and dividend, if any), and therefore makes a profit if they spend less buying back the shares than they received when selling them. However, an unexpected piece of favorable news can cause a jump in the stock's share price, resulting in a loss rather than a profit. Short-sellers might then be triggered to buy the shares they had borrowed at a higher price, in an effort to keep their losses from mounting should the share price rise further. </p><p>Short squeezes result when short sellers of a stock move to cover their positions, purchasing large volumes of stock relative to the <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a> volume. Purchasing the stock to cover their short positions raises the price of the shorted stock, thus triggering <a href="/wiki/Law_of_demand#Certain_scenarios_in_stock_trading" title="Law of demand">more short sellers to cover their positions by buying the stock</a>; i.e., there is increasing demand. This dynamic can result in a cascade of stock purchases and an even bigger jump of the share price.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_151205_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ_151205-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT_210125_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT_210125-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Borrow, buy and sell timing can lead to more than 100% of a company's shares sold short.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not necessarily imply <a href="/wiki/Naked_short_selling" title="Naked short selling">naked short selling</a>, since shorted shares are put back onto the market, potentially allowing the same share to be borrowed multiple times.<sup id="cite_ref-Planes09032020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planes09032020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Short squeezes tend to happen in stocks that have expensive borrow rates. Expensive borrow rates can increase the pressure on short sellers to cover their positions, further adding to the reflexive nature of this phenomenon. </p><p>Buying by short sellers can occur if the price has risen to a point where shorts receive <a href="/wiki/Margin_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Margin call">margin calls</a> that they cannot (or choose not to) meet, triggering them to purchase stock to return to the owners from whom (via a broker) they had borrowed the stock in establishing their position. This buying may proceed automatically, for example if the short sellers had previously placed <a href="/wiki/Stop_loss_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop loss order">stop-loss orders</a> with their <a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">brokers</a> to prepare for this possibility. Alternatively, short sellers simply deciding to cut their losses and get out (rather than lacking collateral funds to meet their margin) can cause a squeeze. Short squeezes can also occur when the demand from short sellers outweighs the supply of shares to borrow, which results in the failure of borrow requests from <a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">prime brokers</a>. This sometimes happens with companies that are on the verge of filing for bankruptcy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Targets_for_short_squeezes">Targets for short squeezes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Targets for short squeezes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Short squeezes are more likely to occur in stocks with relatively few traded shares and commensurately small <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Float_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Float (finance)">float</a>. Squeezes can, however, involve large stocks and billions of dollars. Short squeezes may also be more likely to occur when a large percentage of a stock's float is short, and when large portions of the stock are held by people not tempted to sell.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Short squeezes can also be facilitated by the availability of inexpensive call options on the underlying security because they add considerable leverage. Typically, <a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Out of the money">out of the money</a> options with a short time to expiration are used to maximize the leverage and the impact of the squeezer's actions on short sellers. <a href="/wiki/Call_option" title="Call option">Call options</a> on securities that have low <a href="/wiki/Implied_volatility" title="Implied volatility">implied volatility</a> are also less expensive and more impactful. (A successful short squeeze will dramatically increase implied <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">volatility</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_squeeze">Long squeeze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Long squeeze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opposite of a short squeeze is the less common <a href="/wiki/Long_squeeze" title="Long squeeze">long squeeze</a>. A squeeze can also occur with <a href="/wiki/Futures_contracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Futures contracts">futures contracts</a>, especially in agricultural commodities, for which supply is inherently limited.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gamma_squeeze">Gamma squeeze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gamma squeeze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sale of <a href="/wiki/Naked_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Naked call">naked call</a> options creates a short position for the seller, in which the seller's loss increases with the price of the <a href="/wiki/Underlying" class="mw-redirect" title="Underlying">underlying</a> asset and is therefore potentially unlimited. Sellers have the option of hedging their position by, among other things, buying the underlying asset at a known price at any time before the option is exercised, converting their naked calls into <a href="/wiki/Covered_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Covered call">covered calls</a>. By buying calls, per unit of capital invested, the buyer can create a larger upward pressure on the price of the underlying than they could by buying shares: this pressure is in fact realized when the seller purchases the underlying, and is greater if the seller invests more capital hedging their position by buying the (expensive) underlying than the buyer invests to purchase the (inexpensive) calls. </p><p>The resulting upward pressure on the price of the underlying can develop into a <a href="/wiki/Positive_feedback" title="Positive feedback">positive feedback</a> loop, as call-sellers react to the rising price by buying the underlying to avoid exposure to the risk that its price may rise further.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1901, <a href="/wiki/James_J._Hill" title="James J. Hill">James J. Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._P._Morgan" title="J. P. Morgan">J. P. Morgan</a> battled with <a href="/wiki/E._H._Harriman" title="E. H. Harriman">E. H. Harriman</a> over control of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Northern Pacific Railway">Northern Pacific Railway</a>. By the end of business on May 7, 1901, the two parties controlled over 94% of outstanding Northern Pacific shares. The resulting runup in share price was accompanied by frenetic short selling of Northern Pacific by third parties. On May 8, it became apparent that uncommitted NP shares were insufficient to cover the outstanding short positions, and that neither Hill and Morgan nor Harriman were willing to sell. This triggered a sell-off in the rest of the market as NP "shorts" liquidated holdings in an effort to raise cash to buy NP shares to meet their obligations. The ensuing stock market crash, known as the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1901" title="Panic of 1901">Panic of 1901</a>, was partially ameliorated by a truce between Hill/Morgan and Harriman.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2008, a short squeeze triggered by an attempted takeover by <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> temporarily drove the shares of <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen AG">Volkswagen AG</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Xetra_DAX" class="mw-redirect" title="Xetra DAX">Xetra DAX</a> from <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>210.85 to over €1000 in less than two days, briefly making it the most valuable company in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then-Porsche CEO <a href="/wiki/Wendelin_Wiedeking" title="Wendelin Wiedeking">Wendelin Wiedeking</a> was charged with <a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">market manipulation</a> but was acquitted by a <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> court.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> charged <a href="/wiki/Philip_Falcone" title="Philip Falcone">Philip Falcone</a> with market manipulation in relation to a short squeeze on a series of high-yield bonds issued by MAAX Holdings. After hearing that a firm was shorting the bonds, Falcone purchased the entire issue of bonds. He also lent the bonds to the short-sellers, and then bought them back when the traders sold them. As a result, his total exposure exceeded the entire issue of the MAAX bonds. Falcone then stopped lending the bonds, so that short-sellers could not liquidate their positions anymore. The price of the bonds rose dramatically.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_120628_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_120628-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MS_210126_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS_210126-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The short-sellers could only liquidate their positions by contacting Falcone directly.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_210126_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS_210126-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2015, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Shkreli" title="Martin Shkreli">Martin Shkreli</a> orchestrated a short squeeze on failed biotech KaloBios (KBIO) that caused its share price to rise by 10,000% in just five trading days. KBIO had been perceived by short sellers as a "no-brainer near-term zero".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/GameStop_short_squeeze" title="GameStop short squeeze">GameStop short squeeze</a>, starting in January 2021, was a short squeeze occurring on shares of <a href="/wiki/GameStop" title="GameStop">GameStop</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily triggered by the <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> forum <a href="/wiki/WallStreetBets" class="mw-redirect" title="WallStreetBets">WallStreetBets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yun_li_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yun_li-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This squeeze led to the share price reaching an all-time intraday high of US$483 on January 28, 2021 on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYSE_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYSE-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This squeeze caught the attention of many news networks and social media platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022, a <a href="/wiki/LME_Nickel#2022_suspension_of_Nickel_trading_by_the_LME" title="LME Nickel">short squeeze was initiated on nickel contracts</a> on the <a href="/wiki/London_Metal_Exchange" title="London Metal Exchange">London Metal Exchange</a> (LME). In the months prior, industrialist <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Guangda" title="Xiang Guangda">Xiang Guangda</a> took a large short position on LME nickel, but a rise in nickel prices following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> forced Guangda make significant purchases to cover his position, causing LME nickel prices to rise by around 250 percent. On paper this would've caused Guangda billions of dollars of losses, but the LME halted all trading on nickel contracts and reversed many of the trades which occurred during the squeeze, shielding Guangda from much of the loss.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_interest_ratio" title="Short interest ratio">Short interest ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_crash" title="Stock market crash">Stock market crash</a> – a short squeeze is effectively a reverse crash</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsqueeze.asp">"Short Squeeze"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918073724/http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shortsqueeze.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+Squeeze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fs%2Fshortsqueeze.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+squeeze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ_151205-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_151205_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConstable2015" class="citation news cs1">Constable, Simon (6 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-is-a-short-squeeze-1449460381">"What Is a Short Squeeze?"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Short+Squeeze%3F&rft.date=2015-12-06&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-is-a-short-squeeze-1449460381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+squeeze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT_210125-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FT_210125_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowell2021" class="citation news cs1">Powell, Jamie (25 January 2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/7aa60aa1-484f-4747-9136-cd0a560dd2d8">"GameStop can't stop going up"</a></span>. <i>FT Alphaville</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/7aa60aa1-484f-4747-9136-cd0a560dd2d8">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=GameStop+mania+explained%3A+How+the+Reddit+retail+trading+crowd+ran+over+Wall+Street+pros&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F01%2F27%2Fgamestop-mania-explained-how-the-reddit-retail-trading-crowd-ran-over-wall-street-pros.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+squeeze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Anastasio" class="citation magazine cs1">D'Anastasio, Cecilia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/gamestop-stock-wall-street-bets-short-squeeze/">"A Fight Over GameStop's Soaring Stock Turns Ugly"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124173424/https://www.wired.com/story/gamestop-stock-wall-street-bets-short-squeeze/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Dumb+Money%27+Is+on+GameStop%2C+and+It%27s+Beating+Wall+Street+at+Its+Own+Game&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Lorenz%2C+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fgamestop-wall-street-bets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+squeeze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHumeLockettOlcottLi2022" class="citation news cs1">Hume, Neil; Lockett, Hudson; Olcott, Eleanor; Li, Gloria (11 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/2cb73138-24ae-4e10-a8fd-5558c7155461">"Xiang Guangda, the metals 'visionary' who brought the nickel market to a standstill"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=finews.asia&rft.atitle=%22Big+Shot%27s%22+Nickel+Short+Squeeze%3A+Who+is+Xiang+Guangda%3F&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finews.asia%2Fpeople%2F36479-nickel-short-squeeze-who-is-xiang-guangda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShort+squeeze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_and_sources">External links and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Short_squeeze&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erlangerchartroom.com/squeezeplay.asp">What is a Squeeze Play?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/globalbusiness/3362913/Porsche-crashes-into-controversy-in-the-ultimate-short-squeeze.html">"Porsche crashes into controversy in the ultimate 'short squeeze'"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_share" title="Golden share">Golden share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_stock" title="Preferred stock">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_stock" title="Restricted stock">Restricted stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">Tracking stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">Share capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_capital" title="Authorised capital">Authorised capital</a></li> <li><a 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trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_analyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantitative analyst">Quantitative analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculator">Speculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">Arbitrager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scalping_(trading)" title="Scalping (trading)">Scalper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">List of stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchange trading hours">Trading hours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a> (off-exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_trading_system" title="Alternative trading system">Alternative trading system</a> (ATS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_trading_facility" title="Multilateral trading facility">Multilateral trading facility</a> (MTF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_communication_network" title="Electronic communication network">Electronic communication network</a> (ECN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_market_access" title="Direct market access">Direct market access</a> (DMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-through_processing" title="Straight-through processing">Straight-through processing</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_pool" title="Dark pool">Dark pool</a> (private exchange)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_network" title="Crossing network">Crossing network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_aggregator" title="Foreign exchange aggregator">Liquidity aggregator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_valuation" title="Stock valuation">Stock valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_(finance)" title="Alpha (finance)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrage_pricing_theory" title="Arbitrage pricing theory">Arbitrage pricing theory</a> (APT)ьесЖ</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffett_indicator" title="Buffett indicator">Buffett indicator</a> (Cap-to-GDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_value" title="Book value">Book value</a> (BV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a> (CAPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market_line" title="Capital market line">Capital market line</a> (CML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_discount_model" title="Dividend discount model">Dividend discount model</a> (DDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_yield" title="Dividend yield">Dividend yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_yield" title="Earnings yield">Earnings yield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EV/EBITDA" class="mw-redirect" title="EV/EBITDA">EV/EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fed_model" title="Fed model">Fed model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_asset_value" title="Net asset value">Net asset value</a> (NAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_characteristic_line" title="Security characteristic line">Security characteristic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_market_line" title="Security market line">Security market line</a> (SML)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-model" title="T-model">T-model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading theories<br /> and <a href="/wiki/Trading_strategy" title="Trading strategy">strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithmic_trading" title="Algorithmic trading">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_and_hold" title="Buy and hold">Buy and hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrarian_investing" title="Contrarian investing">Contrarian investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging" title="Dollar cost averaging">Dollar cost averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis" title="Efficient-market hypothesis">Efficient-market hypothesis</a> (EMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_stock" title="Growth stock">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_timing" title="Market timing">Market timing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory" title="Modern portfolio theory">Modern portfolio theory</a> (MPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_investing" title="Momentum investing">Momentum investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_theory_(investments)" title="Mosaic theory (investments)">Mosaic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairs_trade" title="Pairs trade">Pairs trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-modern_portfolio_theory" title="Post-modern portfolio theory">Post-modern portfolio theory</a> (PMPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis" title="Random walk hypothesis">Random walk hypothesis</a> (RMH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_rotation" title="Sector rotation">Sector rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_investing" title="Style investing">Style investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_trading" title="Swing trading">Swing trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_analysis" title="Technical analysis">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_following" title="Trend following">Trend following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_averaging" title="Value averaging">Value averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_investing" title="Value investing">Value investing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%93ask_spread" title="Bid–ask spread">Bid–ask spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_trade" title="Block trade">Block trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_listing" title="Cross listing">Cross listing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual-listed_company" title="Dual-listed company">Dual-listed company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuPont_analysis" title="DuPont analysis">DuPont analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_frontier" title="Efficient frontier">Efficient frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight-to-quality" title="Flight-to-quality">Flight-to-quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspan_put" title="Greenspan put">Greenspan put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haircut_(finance)" title="Haircut (finance)">Haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">Initial public offering</a> (IPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_(finance)" title="Long (finance)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_offer" title="Mandatory offer">Mandatory offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(finance)" title="Margin (finance)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anomaly" title="Market anomaly">Market anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_depth" title="Market depth">Market depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_reversion_(finance)" title="Mean reversion (finance)">Mean reversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(finance)" title="Momentum (finance)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_outcry" title="Open outcry">Open outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_book" title="Order book">Order book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_(finance)" title="Position (finance)">Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_(stock_market)" title="Rally (stock market)">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns-based_style_analysis" title="Returns-based style analysis">Returns-based style analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_stock_split" title="Reverse stock split">Reverse stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_repurchase" title="Share repurchase">Share repurchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short selling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Short squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slippage_(finance)" title="Slippage (finance)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze-out" title="Squeeze-out">Squeeze-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_dilution" title="Stock dilution">Stock dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_index" title="Stock market index">Stock market index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">Stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">Stock swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(financial_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade (financial instrument)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tender_offer" title="Tender offer">Tender offer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptick_rule" title="Uptick rule">Uptick rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_interest" title="Voting interest">Voting interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_(finance)" title="Yield (finance)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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