CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136992c8b58f8d0',cH: 'mI0_7uGSQ8DJavBR6dvCrr8x_ACz8bBkuwQwMkX9HJE-1739803916-1.2.1.1-05Q5NFvELupsKGU3gd9RaKvFwFyyZtn6UBq3wP00T4w6JZRZyX9gN2ai_icX3INO',cUPMDTk: "\/9895\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=JcZgdq2BSuD6ZBjhCniaUL9CGd3rFBlPmuUrM0DvsrQ-1739803916-1.0.1.1-iwocnrHn65kcbj.QQNq5E6C9vHhXIlzyZaspiIbJ.KE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739803916',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9895\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=JcZgdq2BSuD6ZBjhCniaUL9CGd3rFBlPmuUrM0DvsrQ-1739803916-1.0.1.1-iwocnrHn65kcbj.QQNq5E6C9vHhXIlzyZaspiIbJ.KE",md: "N2CJt.WYY_TW02PI5QuNxpui6XzSLcezDYW6lACmXFg-1739803916-1.2.1.1-gOPi4D2NfYpymv1izLRttJeVys7Vkw0mWofShoaUDe9NRieApU_79GdihqSlMuU.5xl2EkXP0tgpepQWvQaqqAcbzi3bmt.zkrvQ.zr9jYnN_3Q4Ho5L8y61s9reFjIy60Q7HkjxtX.6DzrYKTViVpNHmcMwpAGuCMbeU_uhyZHVaGXKZ_v0nG910IwYEnb4Sfh.UyU.8ie619elsj3TgAxSeK_J2n8ZRxGEuVOG29X0i3l3jIDhmjaiWWxtX101NqfOfCg.ph6WPBY6DIJT_TaPq7c6bJwxDJpQFObtfV2ncbzL2_plVi2x6ZvVF_tB8WfCzCZdxYpNeb1clYuymc2ojgtXMlFMjWMAWGM0JXS7hkYC7leSDltVlPrfc_Q_awU9Ajjqf7G584Ch5_DwULyzgzj5D8rH3qaKXCDd71JwZJO9lIJt8Eb6ueVaDKd.cecbAzuxAQFJUPgBQ7oFItGRl11lyIW40gx0havkBKSAahw3d.ciS2xjLbb9U39sAihn_JqzOvbP8BrvIXuAe6ZPJOn3NaNdGpxGnZXsSdNBhGhp.DUkx5mg58wgUMfosfUG.RmNwNI.mEoDEUs7A5LtlBGFgSR4HPOvXgEgzx7pAgB31GSaGCYDwGmqwGZSkXgRWvyHTjOUSGcClSQEoUqFGu3nu_bkOlF3yegUSpcWsbZWWLQn7pkiCdbiToYeALMo6rxG2LJTtZ1xp1Mm_UPlb3ZMbMvtsJAK2zXngQRfBDHFzWS7KhcW7GbXNMoEwHlUVzLx1MOuRj.p1ugBMM1v9x_ziFbMxahjPWexkKQbSUKgQ7wJ2bcY.0SGizD0101bRR5WgO9d.Fal87xX6njahgs7pXBeECKH0Ub8FbePzY3DYH7hAa.tKLSEpa0FJpYLPz1E1lx662JFR5dntIRuT5CltklFFNAzFrkGeMnh0PLPvLF18n6yfsLEh0Qvq8pFrfEb8EHLX1nVrP9SaspUvtr4EbxaKEMqrAuBuPcobQi1BXaK6XfQwgCyS6u.U8E6J2PrEhdg8k6cSw8p4ylx31nC8fsNVqO_0SBe5h5NRubvQsM7ySCbmk5w4fc2OdKVdpU_pmwApk3wjmE7LQACKdMnMTOXMrfRMmRbpABQLFjXILoqvYhk8oRASDpcQ1zIYi9xWA9G8_n03xK8HQmY2EtH93H80biteF.gFSB..0k9j0kFTY5PLXYguwewwW8hZdf.AtdARBHx2wQ9UhXGNa0SOFtBHjOnhKJZ1MGwInXOBv49WcqpE4wsrsPkL8QnJuC0JgRN1aeY7ay4od6pwFnJEb2Lecfj3D8p1MyFPUyGgmqcKuvW5oua0wt_tGNGS2spcVwU_V6rTvTC_sQmjrwtV_i0hYIK_JMMsH9MDSBn5G.6iuU1Iov4eKM9t2fKYUOoZ2jcjX9Ixnp5CIzeQuisfUy5cqgmwIB1f206XuU10qdblVg_q2G8ry.qFuLm2DnQPieBwzdMe9qEoF5EhRI8p1fkK.BwGdzud_EIaMu1aFE.bntmA5ag2dj2B25pdorL_n6kZGChtZYF5kuagPmKNr7xomW.56nv2RfCSVy0uXOgz2VC8dAoyfcuu7JK8Q1wZwvL1NJU1eBjv3R1y0qpy3YpcquESF7Wazs.VHKUuCCkAuVK906KpKssh2MqtNSXWicQvdm6Utv.OmLwbLlhcxfYtvHw7wb3o32ymBF9h6iiyargD6F0gr.ABDbYLQ1t7pDfh7je7TvKS5h6cvoH2zieqZsg8PrCNhGh5oNu1YwFYvPnVBNhoezd4mnZRXwn_QuoYwV8mvo0bK9wy61Kv275ixCcNk6YYevDn90wENpZR6ZDmjL.dY1sIhsBTBBIGdWJhQu4k2kHmQ",mdrd: "XpbcvFvq.GCs5OQjrYLIOBP1GIr7CYwW4_LJQDJkGYU-1739803916-1.2.1.1-4fl49yueNHGKip_xz1Qfc6JQrPoKkntq0Tw7QCdTx4zlnEJZUOxyh4mzofLR5VYxH86Zq.d5mcC.j89YHAemoduNvdt.06q3YmyuTzycOYoqc0aQdkxLsDY82ApT3Jn7XwfWdG8.Dtw0AZWT1PFjd8TN9rbursxh6E2psIw5eXSZ.IRTiVE_eTWk3bbCe6iOjYVUfck8OpmTT7Tpq3oNXvcL1IHfA2IeJF.Z5go4lZvApbXCg6hUL.m7_OCu4vAH0MTyvbNatrw38siyk4iA4D5Mv0r.UeV3YpzA3o0eEGjSLaaONrcqQlJtQepbfqbjLXA2oE3KbbukKJ315kmWELPbqHdbjoh38Brc8RAxCV6W3xITAmEe_oLaAOKGc0bSnM12.1pkOYwryb4gH0vLuBOesHNO9UecffjTZmqXPLhksZqHzCtPJv1wrE12R6z6QChxTTkVRC022u4WT6VPBEIFl_Q93_McrcKN_0BRSzUf2.ho_YJqIY3WjDJkfcSVTxsNp9AKblUdUsY0QHaDGIxmk7EmGnlv.LVSz.kb0l1eculHZLHi8thPgafOBs7MzWWqKM9iCvXRza9JxjxQtdGAdaB_I0d2fVSWy2.vSIK.xiAOLD2r8O5p4yPRpcmtiTz7nOG60cMyrCux5X1TcUyxdxAezKNiSRFplcfIrXCAPOhNmENX4jM.8iKKSL0HaL.axSxCd1g4V7Jh82zdsP4YPBbkCgmK_qvQVMe6YW.9UGhJlDLdPx3oEXO2HYb8jHXZF_BHRMMJL.xMMH2vYkuIjkWf3Mfo0xJaYE2EplDqLkG_cQDLWXdjzSs5lalV8DeM9BBdLYr7QHkfPGGpoV8rampCS4ts74vgKzQLRpeeDw2ZfqC8oyDnInLgUDwkNWCl6ifCyaivFPzR2Wy0X0WtRCeJ84o15ZXTv7ssVRGhLYCGqBQH0NjEPPu5CSGZp2nHYRdJ17jMXxUbxE_7Uk_Hm6418HN5eQfe52iPEAE8cJkBewRtwc0twXYVB8VLP1Zawzyad1bcj_GoOc9iBYDJ7DFZs2IFEqprMbjZOQu0mJdmyHk__IbxHj9.7lZJ2lpf8k_bdo5ttGY3G25v3t6.T281QQRCRfx_l6LQJEoidNUVlcrZur61JlKlhqoceZ8B5OjHhHz6Yfua2B5fT9W7o_eqC4S.axFjFGYNXwvOzWC_ET4BpmVcwCrucTiVIA6MjPHXyGbOPVKygqqmNwdboQQLMB0.Vvkmv5VnRsy.HH2rVqgz3evBSGsidV8bg69M_28DEERd958B0Yj__4lqL3tYXgivzv7FbgXfaNemlDXknPgpR_rZ78juBFj4Dr.ifBnUIJXvzrWOqXA9w0Fg3FYEZfg_lP1IIxK0N2UN7cGNNy1RMwdQvMdHM2mVQwIEJYVLl0cM4EL8xBHTDyUjhIWeeyOM.NdtmprNGmDmukW0nj0JXCdbE1D8IEOLANAiewyexVGMgZ0_NSfuU0m_Bb3aC1ZArm.cHwkrAO07dIm7lw3Pr5tUSIz0TSXbgxWj67TOfR5_y8ANH.FDi8kopMdCRcQC5jJ6wANc4mIYK0J_CUc5xZY0a2CeicQcqfltkAEc6XnX1M7S1nce49B0Q8qAnvSH_SvFylYiggRT6RIkBnvllEgFfTmKUJ4Ay3VITbI4Yja2EyhBN3U2VT46FSk_b5IDo7G7NNkcld5gBNElU8d1kW4Kg76DuZFw_iwnWE.BduEBqkveTVicQg4ekjZC8MFtVuMIMHWtqiDuUHqH4C._g6BZ_hJxSly5ceAGc8JHqKZTr6wlDWqcK_1fdOLkQfxZVJYStuAsX.r7IOIYTOE1TyPU_m1vV5DkzZneu.Wj1XiXhZacg3zEZKn2ZH25ZBv6YzzqQR3tJZiiXZt05QdfDZRDpOPAdNcyXKdNTSZAEvLdZ7mGEp6bk.8jeB29H7cET2.7aviyQea7nc77joWukaELpKJlxr4rQGOgGatZQXRTFhvdHD16dg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136992c8b58f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9895\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=JcZgdq2BSuD6ZBjhCniaUL9CGd3rFBlPmuUrM0DvsrQ-1739803916-1.0.1.1-iwocnrHn65kcbj.QQNq5E6C9vHhXIlzyZaspiIbJ.KE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>