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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>How a fugue is written</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_a_fugue_is_written-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composers_who_wrote_fugues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composers_who_wrote_fugues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Composers who wrote fugues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composers_who_wrote_fugues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuge_(Musik)" title="Fuge (Musik) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fuge (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%84_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89)" title="تسلل (موسيقى) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسلل (موسيقى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuqa" title="Fuqa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fuqa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuge_(Musik)" title="Fuge (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fuge (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuuga" title="Fuuga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fuuga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Φούγκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φούγκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fugue" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugo" title="Fugo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fugo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%DA%AF" title="فوگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fugue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EA%B0%80" title="푸가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A1" title="Ֆուգա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆուգա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga_(glazba)" title="Fuga (glazba) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fuga (glazba)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga_(musica)" title="Fuga (musica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fuga (musica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%94" title="פוגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="ფუგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga_(musica)" title="Fuga (musica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fuga (musica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fugue" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAga" title="Fúga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fúga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Фуга (музика) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фуга (музика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC" title="フーガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フーガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuge" title="Fuge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fuge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuge" title="Fuge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fuge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga_(muzyka)" title="Fuga (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fuga (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fug%C4%83_(muzic%C4%83)" title="Fugă (muzică) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fugă (muzică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAga" title="Fúga – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fúga" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF" title="فیوگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیوگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Фуга (музика) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фуга (музика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga_(muzika)" title="Fuga (muzika) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fuga (muzika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuuga" title="Fuuga – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fuuga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuga" title="Fuga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fuga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCg" title="Füg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Füg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Фуга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фуга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A9u_ph%C3%A1p" title="Tẩu pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tẩu pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuge" title="Fuge – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fuge" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%8B%E6%A0%BC" title="赋格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赋格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%A6%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%B2" title="賦格曲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="賦格曲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%8B%E6%A0%BC" title="赋格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赋格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181014#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>fugue</b> is a piece of music written for a certain number of <a href="/wiki/Voice_(polyphony)" title="Voice (polyphony)">parts (voices)</a>. It is a type of <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a> with a precisely defined <a href="/wiki/Structure" title="Structure">structure</a>. It is based on a <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">tune</a> called the "subject" of the fugue. The word “fugue“ comes from the Italian “fuga“ meaning “flight“. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_a_fugue_is_written">How a fugue is written</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugue&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: How a fugue is written" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: How a fugue is written"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fugue is based on one particular tune. This tune is called the <b>subject</b>. Each part has an equal share in playing the subject. When we talk about the “parts” in a fugue we do not mean the “sections” of the piece but the number of voices needed to sing it or instruments to play it. A “3 part fugue” means a fugue written for three voices or instruments. </p><p>Fugues can be in 2, 3, 4, 5 or even 6 parts. The more parts there are the harder it is to write a fugue because each part has to sound interesting by itself, but together they must also make sense. 3, 4 and 5 part fugues are usual. </p><p>A fugue always starts with just one part playing the subject. Then the other parts come in one at a time until they are all playing. When the second part comes in it will always be half an <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> higher or lower than the beginning (musicians say: “on the <a href="/wiki/Dominant_(music)" title="Dominant (music)">dominant</a>”, meaning that it starts on the 5th note of the scale instead of the “tonic” or 1st note). This called: the <b>answer</b>. The third part to come in will be the “subject” (in the tonic once again) and the fourth part will be another answer, etc. </p><p>If the answer is an exact <a href="/wiki/Transposition" class="mw-disambig" title="Transposition">transposition</a> of the subject (i.e. exactly the same but in the dominant key) it is called a <b>real answer</b>. Sometimes one or two notes have to be changed so that the music sounds right. This is called a <b>tonal answer</b>. For example: a subject that starts with a rising “doh – soh” (an <a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">interval</a> of a fifth) will be answered by a rising “soh – doh” in the answer (an interval of a fourth). </p><p>When the second part comes in with the answer the first part will have to play something else, called a <b>countersubject</b>. If this “something else” is used every time in the piece to accompany the answer then it is called a <b>regular countersubject</b>. The countersubject should sound nice, and be <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammatically</a> correct, whether it is on top or below the subject. This is called “invertible <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a>”. </p><p>If a part is not playing a countersubject it may just be playing a “free part”. </p><p>A <b>redundant entry</b> is the repetition of the subject or answer in a voice in which one or two of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aforementioned&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aforementioned (not yet started)">aforementioned</a> have already been stated. </p><p>Sometimes entries overlap. This is called <b>stretto</b> (NB “stretto” also has a different meaning in music: “hurried”). </p><p>If none of the parts are playing the subject or answer (i.e. they are all playing free parts) this is called an <b>episode</b>. If it happens during the first section (exposition) then it is called a <b>codetta</b>. </p><p>Because a fugue is a piece which puts several lines of melody together it is a form of <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal</a> music. </p><p>A fugue usually has three sections: the first section is called the “exposition”. This lasts until all the parts have entered. The middle section will go through various keys <a href="/wiki/Modulation_(music)" title="Modulation (music)">(modulate</a>), and the final section will be back in the main key (tonic), and all the parts will probably play the subject or answer in turn once more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composers_who_wrote_fugues">Composers who wrote fugues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugue&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Composers who wrote fugues" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Composers who wrote fugues"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fugue became a very popular form of music in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque period</a>. It was often played after a <a href="/wiki/Prelude" title="Prelude">prelude</a>. The most famous composer of fugues was <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>. He wrote two books, each with 24 Preludes and Fugues, called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Well-Tempered_Clavier" title="The Well-Tempered Clavier">The Well-Tempered Clavier</a></i> (in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Das Wohltemperierte Klavier</i>). Each book has a prelude and fugue in a different <a href="/wiki/Major_scale" title="Major scale">major</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minor_scale" title="Minor scale">minor</a> <a href="/wiki/Key_signature" title="Key signature">key</a>. He also wrote many Preludes and Fugues for <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organ</a>, sometimes writing a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passacaglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passacaglia (not yet started)">passacaglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" title="Fantasia (music)">fantasia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Toccata" title="Toccata">toccata</a> instead of the prelude, as in the case of the famous <a href="/wiki/Toccata_and_Fugue_in_D_minor" title="Toccata and Fugue in D minor">Toccata and Fugue in D minor</a>. </p><p>Bach’s fugues became models for future <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generations</a>. Composers from later periods studied Bach’s fugues in order to learn how to write their own. For example, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a>, a <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> composer, wrote preludes and fugues in the same style as Bach. </p><p>Fugues can be very <a href="/wiki/Dramatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic">dramatic</a> and exciting as each part comes in one at a time and the music builds up. This is why many composers have ended long works with a fugue. It helps to build up the tension towards the end of the work. Even if it is not a strict fugue it might be “fugal” i.e. it might start off as a fugue and then become freer (adding extra parts etc.). Beethoven uses fugues a lot in the last movement of his late piano sonatas. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> writes a fugue at the end of <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Young_Person%E2%80%99s_Guide_to_the_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (not yet started)">A Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra</a>. At the end of his song for choir called “The Twelve” <a href="/wiki/William_Walton" title="William Walton">William Walton</a> starts a fugue with a very long, fast and complicated fugues subject, but it soon develops into a much freer piece of music. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fugue&oldid=9326168">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fugue&oldid=9326168</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_forms" title="Category:Musical forms">Musical forms</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 26 January 2024, at 19:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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