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</a> <ul id="toc-Brown's_activities_prior_to_the_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Incident </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Investigations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Investigations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Police </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Department of Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_prosecutor_review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_prosecutor_review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2020 prosecutor review </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_prosecutor_review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_jury_hearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_jury_hearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Grand jury hearing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_jury_hearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Evidence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evidence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Evidence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Evidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shooting_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shooting_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Shooting scene </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shooting_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 DNA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autopsies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autopsies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Autopsies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autopsies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-County" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 County </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Independent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Federal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio_recording_of_gunshots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio_recording_of_gunshots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Audio recording of gunshots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio_recording_of_gunshots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Handling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Witness_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Witness_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Witness accounts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Witness_accounts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Witness accounts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Witness_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wilson's_interview_and_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilson's_interview_and_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Wilson's interview and testimony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilson's_interview_and_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corroborating_Wilson's_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corroborating_Wilson's_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Corroborating Wilson's testimony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corroborating_Wilson's_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contradicting_Wilson's_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contradicting_Wilson's_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Contradicting Wilson's testimony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contradicting_Wilson's_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dorian_Johnson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dorian_Johnson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Dorian Johnson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dorian_Johnson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_witness_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_witness_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Other witness accounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_witness_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_reaction_and_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_reaction_and_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Early reaction and analysis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_reaction_and_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early reaction and analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_reaction_and_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-August_9–14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_9–14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 August 9–14 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_9–14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_15–30" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_15–30"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 August 15–30 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_15–30-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_–_November_24" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_–_November_24"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 September – November 24 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_–_November_24-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_24_–_early_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_24_–_early_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 November 24 – early December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_24_–_early_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 March 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_–_July_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_–_July_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 June – July 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_–_July_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_grand_jury_decision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_grand_jury_decision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reactions to grand jury decision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_grand_jury_decision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_QuikTrip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_QuikTrip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Destruction of QuikTrip </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_QuikTrip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferguson_Effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferguson_Effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Ferguson Effect </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferguson_Effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Hands_up,_don't_shoot"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Hands_up,_don't_shoot""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 "Hands up, don't shoot" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Hands_up,_don't_shoot"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Related incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Task_force_on_policing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Task_force_on_policing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Task force on policing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Task_force_on_policing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DOJ_investigation_into_the_Ferguson_Police_Department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DOJ_investigation_into_the_Ferguson_Police_Department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DOJ_investigation_into_the_Ferguson_Police_Department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brown_family_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brown_family_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Brown family lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brown_family_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dorian_Johnson_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dorian_Johnson_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Dorian Johnson lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dorian_Johnson_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointment_of_African-American_police_chiefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_of_African-American_police_chiefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 Appointment of African-American police chiefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_of_African-American_police_chiefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lezley_McSpadden_announces_run_for_Ferguson_City_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lezley_McSpadden_announces_run_for_Ferguson_City_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.10 Lezley McSpadden announces run for Ferguson City Council </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lezley_McSpadden_announces_run_for_Ferguson_City_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Killing of Michael Brown</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مقتل مايكل براون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقتل مايكل براون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="মাইকেল ব্রাউনকে হত্যা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল ব্রাউনকে হত্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saethu_Michael_Brown_gan_heddlu_UDA" title="Saethu Michael Brown gan heddlu UDA – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saethu Michael Brown gan heddlu UDA" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todesfall_Michael_Brown" title="Todesfall Michael Brown – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Todesfall Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD" title="Δολοφονία του Μάικλ Μπράουν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δολοφονία του Μάικλ Μπράουν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte_de_Michael_Brown" title="Muerte de Michael Brown – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muerte de Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brownen_hilketa" title="Michael Brownen hilketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Brownen hilketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="تیراندازی به مایکل براون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیراندازی به مایکل براون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Michael_Brown" title="Affaire Michael Brown – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Affaire Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAnmhar%C3%BA_Michael_Brown" title="Dúnmharú Michael Brown – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dúnmharú Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4_%EC%B4%9D%EA%B2%A9_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="마이클 브라운 총격 사건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 브라운 총격 사건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penembakan_Michael_Brown" title="Penembakan Michael Brown – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penembakan Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicidio_di_Michael_Brown" title="Omicidio di Michael Brown – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Omicidio di Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfectio_Michaelis_Brown" title="Interfectio Michaelis Brown – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Interfectio Michaelis Brown" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penembakan_Michael_Brown" title="Penembakan Michael Brown – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penembakan Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood_van_Michael_Brown" title="Dood van Michael Brown – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dood van Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E5%B0%84%E6%AE%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="マイケル・ブラウン射殺事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・ブラウン射殺事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homic%C3%ADdio_de_Michael_Brown" title="Homicídio de Michael Brown – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homicídio de Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uciderea_lui_Michael_Brown" title="Uciderea lui Michael Brown – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uciderea lui Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гибель Майкла Брауна – 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Killing_of_Michael_Brown&params=38_44_18.1_N_90_16_25.3_W_type:event_region:US-MO">38°44′18.1″N 90°16′25.3″W / 38.738361°N 90.273694°W / 38.738361; -90.273694</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shooting_of_Michael_Brown&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2014 fatal police shooting of a black man in Ferguson, Missouri, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Michael Brown Jr." redirects here. For other people with the name, see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Michael Brown (disambiguation)">Michael Brown (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Killing of Michael Brown</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg/240px-St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg/360px-St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg/480px-St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ferguson_Highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Location of <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>, within <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County</a>, and St. Louis County within eastern Missouri</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">August 9, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-08-09)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">12:01–12:03 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Central_time_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Central time zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Killing_of_Michael_Brown&params=38_44_18.1_N_90_16_25.3_W_type:event_region:US-MO">38°44′18.1″N 90°16′25.3″W / 38.738361°N 90.273694°W / 38.738361; -90.273694</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Documents-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">Homicide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Police shooting">police shooting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Darren Wilson (shooter)</li> <li>Michael Brown (deceased)</li> <li>Dorian Johnson (accompanied Brown)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Michael Brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Non-fatal injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Darren Wilson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Charges</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Litigation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrongful death">Wrongful death</a> lawsuit settled for undisclosed amount</td></tr></tbody></table> On August 9, 2014, 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ20156-2">[2]</a> Brown was accompanied by his 22-year-old male friend Dorian Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Wilson, a white male Ferguson police officer, said that an altercation ensued when Brown attacked him in his police vehicle for control of Wilson's service pistol. The struggle continued until the pistol fired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ2015pp._80–81,_§1._Shooting_at_the_SUV-4">[4]</a> Johnson said that Wilson initiated a confrontation by grabbing Brown by the neck through Wilson's patrol car window, threatening him and then shooting at him.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> At this point, both Wilson and Johnson state that Brown and Johnson fled, with Wilson pursuing Brown shortly thereafter. Wilson stated that Brown stopped and charged him after a short pursuit. Johnson contradicted this account, stating that Brown turned around with his hands raised after Wilson shot at his back. According to Johnson, Wilson then shot Brown multiple times until Brown fell to the ground. In the entire altercation, Wilson fired a total of twelve bullets, including twice during the struggle in the car.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Told-6">[6]</a> Brown was struck six times, all in the front of his body.<a href="#cite_note-ABC.Survived-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYPost.Shot-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> This event ignited <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">unrest in Ferguson</a>. Witnesses to the shooting claimed Brown had his hands up in surrender or said "don't shoot", so protesters later used the slogan "<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> A subsequent FBI investigation said that there was no evidence that Brown had done so.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Peaceful protests and violent riots continued for more than a week in Ferguson; police later established a nightly curfew. The response of area police agencies in dealing with the protests was strongly criticized by both the media and politicians. Concerns were raised over insensitivity, tactics, and a <a href="/wiki/Police_militarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Police militarization">militarized response</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> was called and given evidence from <a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Robert McCulloch</a>, the St. Louis County Prosecutor. On November 24, 2014, McCulloch announced the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County</a> grand jury had decided not to indict Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Gunshots-12">[12]</a> In March 2015, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> reported the conclusion of its own investigation and cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. It claimed that Wilson's account was "corroborated by bruising on Wilson's jaw and scratches on his neck, the presence of Brown's DNA on Wilson's collar, shirt and pants, and Wilson's DNA on Brown's palm", and claimed that witnesses who corroborated the officer's account were credible.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Feds-14">[14]</a> The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Federal-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201580–82-16">[16]</a> In 2020, St. Louis County prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Bell" title="Wesley Bell">Wesley Bell</a> spent five months reviewing the case with an eye to charge Wilson with either manslaughter or murder. In July, Bell announced Wilson would not be charged.<a href="#cite_note-No_Charge-17">[17]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Brown</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Brown_Jr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brown in a photo posted to Facebook in May 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Michael_Brown_Jr.jpg/220px-Michael_Brown_Jr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Michael_Brown_Jr.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="218" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Orlandus Darrion Brown</div> (1996-05-20)May 20, 1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 9, 2014(2014-08-09) (aged 18)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Saint Peter's Cemetery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Normandy High School (Missouri)">Normandy High School</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Michael Orlandus Darrion Brown<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> (May 20, 1996<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Symphony-19">[19]</a> – August 9, 2014) graduated from <a href="/wiki/Normandy_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Normandy High School (Missouri)">Normandy High School</a> in St. Louis County eight days before his death, completing an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">alternative education</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Diploma-20">[20]</a> At the time of his death, he was 18 years old, 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 meters) tall, and weighed 292 pounds (132 kilograms).<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> He was an amateur rap musician who posted his songs on the popular music-sharing site <a href="/wiki/SoundCloud" title="SoundCloud">SoundCloud</a> under the handle "Big'Mike."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> He was two days from starting a training program for heating and air conditioning repair at <a href="/wiki/Vatterott_College" title="Vatterott College">Vatterott College</a> technical school.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Darren Dean Wilson<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Disbanded-23">[23]</a> (born May 14, 1986, in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>)<a href="#cite_note-StarTelegram.Dropped-24">[24]</a> is 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) tall and at the time weighed about 210 lb (95 kg).<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.HulkHogan-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-26">[26]</a> Wilson's first police job was in the town of <a href="/wiki/Jennings,_Missouri" title="Jennings, Missouri">Jennings, Missouri</a>, where he began working in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-27">[27]</a> With respect to this job, Wilson said to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> in 2015, "I'd never been in an area where there was that much poverty."<a href="#cite_note-newyorker-27">[27]</a> The police force in Jennings was shut down by the town's city council in March 2011.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-26">[26]</a> In October 2011, Wilson began working for the Ferguson Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-28">[28]</a> In February 2013, Wilson won a commendation from the Ferguson Police Department after he apprehended a suspect who was later charged with possession of <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> with intent to distribute and resisting arrest.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brown's_activities_prior_to_the_incident">Brown's activities prior to the incident</h3></div> Surveillance video which was publicly released in the 2017 documentary film Stranger Fruit shows Michael Brown walking into Ferguson Market and Liquor at 1:13 a.m., ten-and-a-half hours before he entered the store for the final time. The footage shows Brown handing a young clerk a brown package, believed by the filmmaker to be marijuana, and then receiving an unpurchased package of <a href="/wiki/Cigarillo" title="Cigarillo">cigarillos</a> from the store. After the video was rediscovered and made public in 2017, some, including Brown's family, said they believed Brown had left the package there for safekeeping and later returned to retrieve it. The store owner disputed this through an attorney who dismissed claims that the store traded him "cigarillos for pot." The lawyer claimed "[t]he reason he [Brown] gave it back is he was walking out the door with unpaid merchandise and they [the staff] wanted it back."<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Wrinkle-29">[29]</a> The store's attorney said the video had been in the hands of Brown's family and law enforcement since the initial investigation, and said the video had been edited to remove the portion where the store clerk returned Brown's package to him.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Following this, on March 13, 2017, unedited footage from the store was released by the St. Louis County prosecutor to try to settle questions.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incident">Incident</h2></div> At 11:47 a.m., Officer Wilson responded to a call about a baby with breathing problems and drove to Glenark Drive in Ferguson, east of Canfield Drive.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> About three minutes later and several blocks away, Brown was recorded on camera stealing a box of <a href="/wiki/Swisher_Sweets" title="Swisher Sweets">Swisher Sweets</a> cigars and forcefully shoving a Ferguson Market clerk. At 11:53, a police dispatcher reported "stealing in progress" at the Ferguson Market and described the suspect as a black male wearing a white T-shirt running toward <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a>. The suspect was reported as having stolen a box of Swisher cigars.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> Brown and his friend, Dorian Johnson, left the market at about 11:54 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-KWMU.Know-33">[33]</a> At 11:57, the dispatch described the suspect as wearing a red <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> hat, a white T-shirt, yellow socks, and khaki shorts, and that he was accompanied by another male.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson said that the incident with Brown stealing cigars had "nothing to do" with why Brown was stopped by Wilson prior to the shooting, and that the reason Brown and Johnson were stopped was because "they were walking down the middle of the street, blocking traffic."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> At 12:00 p.m., Wilson reported he was back in service and radioed units 25 and 22 to ask if they needed his assistance in searching for the suspects.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> Seven seconds later, an unidentified officer said the suspects had disappeared.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> Wilson called for backup at 12:02, saying "[Unit] 21. Put me on Canfield with two. And send me another car."<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg/220px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg/330px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg/440px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>St. Louis County police protect the scene eight hours after the shooting</figcaption></figure> Initial reports of what happened next differed widely among sources and witnesses, particularly with regard to whether Brown was moving towards Wilson when the shots were fired. At noon on August 9, Wilson drove up to Brown and Johnson as they were walking in the middle of Canfield Drive and ordered them to move off the street. Wilson continued driving past the two men, but then backed up and stopped close to them.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Suspect-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBTimes.Johnson-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Cigars-37">[37]</a> A struggle took place between Brown and Wilson after Brown reached through the window of Wilson's police SUV, a <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Tahoe#Police_package" title="Chevrolet Tahoe">Chevrolet Tahoe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Recount-38">[38]</a> Wilson was armed with a <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P229" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG Sauer P229">SIG Sauer P229</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> pistol, which was fired twice during the struggle from inside the vehicle, with one bullet hitting Brown's right hand.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Recount-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> Brown and Johnson fled and Johnson hid behind a car.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Shooting-40">[40]</a> Wilson got out of the vehicle and pursued Brown.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Happened-41">[41]</a> At some point, Wilson fired his pistol again, while facing Brown, and hit him with at least six shots, all in the front of his body.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> Brown was unarmed and died on the street.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Recount-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Violence-42">[42]</a> Less than 90 seconds passed from the time Wilson encountered Brown to the time of Brown's death.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek.90Seconds-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.90Seconds-44">[44]</a> An unidentified officer arrived on the scene and, 73 seconds after Wilson's call, asked where the second suspect was. Thirty-one seconds later, a supervisor was requested by Unit 25. At 12:07 p.m., an officer on scene radioed to dispatch for more units.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Radio-32">[32]</a> Also at 12:07, the St. Louis County police were notified and county officers began arriving on scene at around 12:15 p.m. The St. Louis County detectives were notified at 12:43 p.m. and arrived about 1:30 p.m., with the forensic investigator arriving at about 2:30 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Body-45">[45]</a> Police dispatched 12 units to the scene by 1:00 p.m. with another 12, including two canine units, by 2:00 p.m. Gunshots were recorded in Ferguson police logs at 2:11 p.m., and by the ambulance dispatch again at 2:14 p.m., which led to the response of 20 more units from eight different municipal forces in the next 20 minutes. As the situation deteriorated, the police commanders had investigators seek cover and detectives assisted in crowd control. At 2:45, four canine units arrived on scene, and the <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> team arrived at 3:20 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.LeftThere-46">[46]</a> The medical examiner began his examination of Brown at approximately 3:30 p.m. and concluded about half an hour later, with Brown's body being cleared to be taken to the morgue.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.LeftThere-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek.Scene-47">[47]</a> At 4:37 p.m., Brown's body was signed in at the morgue by workers.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.LeftThere-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations">Investigations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police">Police</h3></div> Michael Brown was fatally shot by Officer Wilson at about 12:02 p.m. The Ferguson Police Department was on the scene within minutes, as were crowds of residents, some expressing hostility toward the police. Paramedics covered the body with sheets. About 20 minutes after the shooting, the Ferguson police chief turned over the homicide investigation to the St. Louis County Police Department (SLCPD). The arrival of SLCPD detectives took about 70 minutes, as they were occupied with another crime scene 37 minutes away. On arrival at 1:30 p.m., they put up privacy screens around the body. Their investigation was slowed due to safety concerns regarding the sound of gunfire in the area and some hostile members of the crowd encroaching on the crime scene. An investigator from the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's office arrived at 2:30 p.m. Brown's body was removed at 4:00 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Local residents criticized authorities for leaving Brown's body in the street for four hours in an action seen as demeaning and disrespectful.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.LeftThere-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Justice">Department of Justice</h3></div> On August 11, 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) opened a civil rights investigation into the incident.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.FBI-49">[49]</a> A spokeswoman for the FBI's St. Louis field office said the decision to open an investigation was not motivated by the protests and riots which had ensued.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.FBI-50">[50]</a> Forty FBI agents went door-to-door looking for potential witnesses who may have had information about the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Curfew-51">[51]</a> Additionally, attorneys from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">Civil Rights Division</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney's Office</a> were participating in the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-Vox.FBI-52">[52]</a> On March 4, 2015, the federal investigation cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. The investigation concluded there was no evidence upon which prosecutors could rely to disprove Wilson's asserted belief that he feared for his safety, that witnesses who contradicted Wilson were not credible, that forensic evidence and credible witnesses corroborated Wilson's account, and that the facts did not support the filing of criminal charges against Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Feds-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Cleared-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201512-54">[54]</a> Credible witnesses did not support accounts that Brown had his hands up in surrender. He was not shot in the back. Forensic evidence showed he was moving toward Wilson. Numerous witnesses were found to have given accounts of actions they were unable to see from their vantage points, or to be recounting others' accounts.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Feds-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Cleared-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201512-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_prosecutor_review">2020 prosecutor review</h3></div> A new St. Louis County prosecutor, Wesley Bell, spent five months in 2020 reviewing the case with an eye to charging Wilson with either manslaughter or murder.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In July, Bell announced he would not charge Wilson with any crime;<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Bell said he didn't "have the evidence to ethically bring a charge against Darren Wilson."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grand_jury_hearing">Grand jury hearing</h2></div> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United_States" title="Grand juries in the United States">grand jury</a> was made up of members who had been impaneled in May 2014 for a regularly scheduled term, to hear all cases put forward by the prosecuting attorney's office. There were three black jury members (one man and two women) and nine white jury members (six men and three women), an ethnic breakdown that roughly reflects the <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">racial</a> makeup of St. Louis County,<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Jury-59">[59]</a> which is about 30% black, and 70% white.<a href="#cite_note-CSM.Deliberations-60">[60]</a> On August 20, 2014, the grand jury started hearing evidence in the case State of Missouri v. Darren Wilson, in order to decide whether a crime was committed and if there was probable cause to believe Wilson committed it.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Grand-61">[61]</a> There was intense interest focused on the grand jury. <a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Robert P. McCulloch</a>, the elected prosecuting attorney for St. Louis County, was in charge of the prosecution but did not participate in the direct handling of the grand jury hearing.<a href="#cite_note-STLAmerican.Struggle-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Outcome-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYer.HowNot-64">[64]</a> It was handled by two Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys of McCulloch's office: Kathi Alizadeh and Sheila Whirley.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Outcome-63">[63]</a> McCulloch announced an unusual process: the grand jury would hear all the evidence, the proceedings would be transcribed, and the materials would be made public if the grand jury did not indict.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Fair-65">[65]</a> The grand jury took 25 days, over the span of three months, to hear more than 5,000 pages of testimony from 60 witnesses and then deliberate on whether or not to indict Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Fair-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Charges-66">[66]</a> Most grand juries complete their work in a matter of days.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Fair-65">[65]</a> The grand jury was not <a href="/wiki/Jury_sequestration" title="Jury sequestration">sequestered</a> during the process.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Examining-67">[67]</a> On the night of November 24, Prosecutor McCulloch reported in a 20-minute press conference that the grand jury had reached a decision in the case and would not indict Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Fires-68">[68]</a> Following his announcement, McCulloch released thousands of pages of grand jury documents, with materials published on the internet for public perusal.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Testimony-69">[69]</a> The documents include transcripts of the proceedings, expert statements, and the testimony of some witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-SeattleTimes.Evidence-70">[70]</a> On December 8, more witness interviews and more than 50 brief audio recordings between the police dispatchers and responding police officers were released.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Audio-71">[71]</a> On December 13, a third release included the transcripts of witness interviews, including one with Dorian Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Files-72">[72]</a> A video of the two-hour interview of Johnson by FBI and county police was withheld.<a href="#cite_note-DFP.Withheld-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC.Federal-74">[74]</a> Robert P. McCulloch was the main focus of much of the criticism throughout the process and well into its aftermath. Attorney Raul Reyes characterized McCulloch as not being impartial, as his father was a police officer killed in an incident with a black suspect and other members of his family served with the St. Louis Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Unfair-75">[75]</a> A petition calling for McCulloch to recuse himself gained 70,000 signatures.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Petition-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Controversy-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Objectivity-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Petitions-79">[79]</a> Governor Jay Nixon declined to remove McCulloch and said doing so would potentially jeopardize the prosecution.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Remove-80">[80]</a> McCulloch dismissed the claims of bias, and later said he regretted not speaking publicly about his background at the time.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Outcome-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-KTRS.McGraw-81">[81]</a> Legal analysts raised concerns over McCulloch's unorthodox approach, saying this process could have influenced the grand jury to decide against indictment and that they were given too much material to assess.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Probe-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Strategy-83">[83]</a> The analysts highlighted the significant differences between a typical grand jury proceeding in Missouri and how Wilson's case was handled.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Happened-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evidence">Evidence</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shooting_scene">Shooting scene</h3></div> Evidence presented to the grand jury showed that the shooting scene extended approximately 184 feet (56 m) along Canfield Drive, near where it intersects Copper Creek Court. The two-lane street runs east to west, and has sidewalks and curbs on both sides. Immediately prior to the incident, Brown was walking eastbound on Canfield and Officer Wilson was driving westbound. Evidence at the scene was generally clustered around Wilson's patrol SUV on the western side of the scene and near Brown's body, which was in the eastern part of the area. <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diagram of the shooting scene"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg/1000px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg/1500px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg/2000px-Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="377" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Brown_shooting_scene_diagram.svg" title="File:Michael Brown shooting scene diagram.svg"> </a></div>Diagram of the shooting scene<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Map-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Documents-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Happened-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Collected-85">[85]</a></div></div></div> The 30-foot (9.1 m) western area included Wilson's SUV, which was angled slightly toward the right curb with its left-rear corner on the center line. Evidence included two bracelets,<a href="#cite_note-bracelet-86">[note 1]</a> a baseball cap, and two <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&W">.40 caliber</a> spent <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">casings</a>. One of these casings was found at the western edge of the scene and the other was located near the rear driver's side of the police vehicle. There were two groups of red stains near the driver's side of the vehicle and a left <a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">sandal</a> was also located in the vicinity. The right sandal was approximately 44 feet (13 m) east of the western area. The eastern area, which was approximately 124 feet (38 m) east of the western area, was about 29 feet (8.8 m) wide. Brown's body was situated along the center-line of the road with his head oriented in a westerly direction. The distance from the driver's door of Wilson's SUV to Brown's head was about 153 feet (47 m). Two groups of red stains were located at the extreme eastern edge of the scene, with the furthest under 22 feet (6.7 m) from Brown's feet. One apparent projectile was found near the body. There were ten spent .40-caliber casings scattered on the south side of the road near Brown's body. The distribution of the casings, combined with most of the casings being east of the body, was consistent with Officer Wilson moving backward while firing.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Documents-1">[1]</a> Blood spatter approximately 25 feet (7.6 m) behind Brown's body suggested Brown was moving toward Wilson when Brown was killed.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Happened-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Trusting-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DNA">DNA</h3></div> Brown's DNA was found on Wilson's gun. His DNA was also found on the left thigh of Officer Wilson's pants and on the inside driver's door handle of Wilson's police SUV,<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> the result of Brown's spilled blood staining Wilson's pants and the door handle.<a href="#cite_note-PPH.Tussle-88">[87]</a> Wilson's DNA was found on Brown's left palm but was not found under Brown's fingernails or on his right hand.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> Michael Graham, the St. Louis medical examiner, said blood was found on Wilson's gun and inside the car, and tissue from Brown was found on the exterior of the driver's side of Wilson's vehicle; this evidence was consistent with a struggle at that location. According to <a href="/wiki/Judy_Melinek" title="Judy Melinek">Judy Melinek</a>, a San Francisco pathologist who commented on the case as an expert, the official autopsy, which said Brown's hand had foreign matter consistent with a gun discharge on it, supported Wilson's testimony that Brown was reaching for the weapon,<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> or indicated the gun was inches away from Brown's hand when it went off.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> According to the detective who performed tests on the gun, he had to decide whether to perform a DNA test or dust for fingerprints, because only one test can be performed without affecting the other.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Chaos-39">[39]</a> He found the gun stored in an unsealed envelope, contrary to the customary evidence-handling protocol.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ.Testimony-90">[89]</a> Documents released after the grand jury proceedings show Wilson washed blood from his hands and checked his own gun into an evidence bag, both actions described by media outlets as unorthodox procedures for such a case.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Tidbits-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Unorthodox-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autopsies">Autopsies</h3></div> Three autopsies<a href="#cite_note-93">[note 2]</a> were performed on Brown's body, with all three noting Brown had been shot at least six times, including twice in the head. He received no shots in his back.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Friend-94">[92]</a> The county autopsy report described gunshot entry and exit wounds to Brown's right arm coming from both the front (<a href="/wiki/Dorsoventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsoventral">ventral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_anatomical_position" title="Standard anatomical position">palms facing forward</a>) and the back (dorsal, palms facing backward).<a href="#cite_note-County.Autopsy-95">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="County">County</h4></div> The local medical examiner autopsy report released to state prosecutors said Brown was shot in the front part of his body. When Mary Case, the St. Louis County medical examiner, was asked to provide details, she declined to comment further, citing the ongoing investigation into Brown's death.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Accounts-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.County-97">[95]</a> The official county autopsy was later leaked to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.<a href="#cite_note-PBS.Autopsy-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> The narrative report of investigation from the office of the medical examiner of St. Louis agreed with Wilson's testimony.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> It noted Brown had sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the head, torso, and right arm, as well as a single gunshot wound to the inside of his right hand near his thumb and palm; it also noted Brown's body had <a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrasion (medical)">abrasions</a> to the right side of his face and on the back of his left hand.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> The autopsy noted the absence of <a href="/wiki/Stippling#Other_uses" title="Stippling">stippling</a>, powder burns around a wound that indicate a shot was fired at a relatively short range. Michael Graham notes gunshot wounds within an inch of the body do not always cause stippling. Microscopic examination of tissue taken from Brown's thumb wound detected the presence of a foreign material consistent with the material which is ejected from a gun while firing.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> The gunshot wound to the top of Brown's head was consistent with Brown either falling forward or being in a lunging position; the shot was instantly fatal.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> A toxicology test performed by a St. Louis University laboratory revealed the presence of <a href="/wiki/THC" class="mw-redirect" title="THC">THC</a>, the active ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a>, in Brown's blood and urine. This indicated he used marijuana within a few hours of his death, but not whether he was impaired when he died.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Autopsy-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent">Independent</h4></div> At the request of Brown's family, on August 17 a preliminary autopsy was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Baden" title="Michael Baden">Michael Baden</a>, a former chief medical examiner for the City of New York (1978–1979). This autopsy was limited because the previous county autopsy had washed, embalmed, and taken evidence off the body.<a href="#cite_note-KTVI.Baden-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Pathologist-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Transcript-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-PBS.Evidence-102">[100]</a> According to Baden's report, Brown was shot six times into his front: four of the bullets entered his right arm, one entered his right eye on a downward trajectory, and one entered the top of his skull.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> All of the rounds were fired from a distance of at least one foot.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Autopsy-103">[101]</a> One of the shots shattered Brown's right eye, traveled through his face, then exited his jaw and reentered his collarbone. Brown could have survived the first bullet wounds, but the bullet that entered the top of his head resulted in a fatal injury.<a href="#cite_note-SeattleTimes.Hands-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> Baden had no access to the clothing of the victim, and had not yet seen the x-rays showing where bullets were in the body. He could not determine if any gunpowder residue was on that clothing. Baden concluded there was too little information to forensically reconstruct the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> At least two commentators noted the results of both autopsies contradicted some aspects of some eyewitness accounts, which had reported Wilson shot Brown in the back<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Autopsy-9">[9]</a> and that Wilson shot Brown while holding Brown's neck.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Autopsy-105">[103]</a> In later analysis, Baden reclassified one of Brown's chest wounds as an entry wound.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Crump-106">[104]</a> Baden was assisted by Shawn Parcells, who did not have a degree or credentials in medicine or pathology.<a href="#cite_note-WDAF.Credentials-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-KCStar.Assistant-108">[106]</a> Thomas Young, former <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County</a> Medical Examiner, said Parcells gave out forensic pathology opinions when Parcells is not qualified to do so.<a href="#cite_note-WDAF.Credentials-107">[105]</a> Mary Case, who performed the initial autopsy, said Parcells' involvement could cause issues with the second autopsy.<a href="#cite_note-KMBC.Pathologist-109">[107]</a> Parcells said all he did was assist Baden.<a href="#cite_note-KMBC.Pathologist-109">[107]</a> In 2021, Parcells was convicted of six criminal charges relating to autopsies he illegally performed.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal">Federal</h4></div> Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a> ordered a third autopsy of Brown's body.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Holder-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBS.Autopsy-112">[110]</a> Its findings matched the other two autopsies, but its detailed findings were initially withheld from the public due to the ongoing investigation.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Accounts-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Documents-113">[111]</a> The federal autopsy report was among a group of documents released by the St. Louis County Prosecutor's Office on December 8, two weeks after the grand jury chose not to indict Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Documents-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.FederalAutopsy-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio_recording_of_gunshots">Audio recording of gunshots</h3></div> On August 27, CNN released an audio recording purported to contain the sounds of the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Analyzing-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Audio-116">[114]</a> The recording was made by an anonymous third-party who happened to be recording a video-text message at the time of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Probing-117">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glide_(software)" title="Glide (software)">Glide</a>, a video messaging service, confirmed the audio had been recorded on their site at 12:02 p.m. on the day of the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Captured-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Glide.Verifies-119">[117]</a> The twelve-second recording contains a series of shots, a short pause, and then a second series of shots.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Probing-117">[115]</a> Forensic audio expert Paul Ginsberg says he heard six shots, a pause, and then four additional shots. Ginsberg said, "I was very concerned about that pause ... because it's not just the number of gunshots, it's how they're fired. And that has a huge relevance on how this case might finally end up."<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Audio-116">[114]</a> CNN's law enforcement analyst Tom Fuentes noted most accounts of the shooting say there was a single shot earlier in the incident near the vehicle that is not audible in the recording.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Alleged-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Audio-121">[119]</a> The recording was also analyzed by <a href="/wiki/ShotSpotter" title="ShotSpotter">SST, Inc.</a>, a company specializing in <a href="/wiki/Gunfire_locator" title="Gunfire locator">gunfire locator</a> technology. That analysis found the sound of ten gunshots and seven gunshot echoes within seven seconds, with a three-second pause after the sixth shot. The company's analysis also said all ten rounds were fired from within a radius of 3 feet (0.91 m), indicating the shooter was not moving.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Acoustic-122">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling">Handling</h3></div> The Washington Post said there were unorthodox forensic practices shown in the published testimony of Officer Wilson and other law enforcement officials. The article said Wilson washed blood off of his hands without photographing them first. It also said Wilson submitted his gun to evidence by himself, and that initial interviews of Wilson were conducted with other personnel present and were not taped. It described Wilson's face injuries after the shooting as photographed by a local detective at the Fraternal Order of Police building, instead of at Ferguson Police headquarters. An investigator with the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's office testified he decided not to take measurements at the crime scene nor did he photograph the scene, instead relying on photographs taken by the St. Louis County Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-BostonGlobe.Unorthodox-123">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Witness_accounts">Witness accounts</h2></div> Multiple witnesses saw part or all of the event and have given interviews to the media, testified to the grand jury, and were interviewed by the U.S. Department of Justice. The witness accounts were conflicting on various points.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Accounts-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-IBTimes.Accounts-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-HLN.Accounts-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Narratives-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Witnesses-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-KTVI.Stories-128">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Klinger" title="David Klinger">David A. Klinger</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Criminologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminologist">criminologist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93St._Louis" title="University of Missouri–St. Louis">University of Missouri–St. Louis</a>, said eyewitness testimony often differs from witness to witness, a phenomenon commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Rashomon_effect" title="Rashomon effect">Rashomon effect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Witness-129">[127]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> review of the grand jury found numerous problems in the witness testimony, including statements that were "inconsistent, fabricated, or provably wrong". Several of the witnesses admitted changing their testimony to fit released evidence, or other witness statements.<a href="#cite_note-AP.Papers-130">[128]</a> Prosecuting attorney Robert McCulloch said, "I thought it was important to present anybody and everybody, and some that were, yes, clearly not telling the truth, no question about it."<a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Lied-131">[129]</a> The Department of Justice investigation into the shooting determined witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account were credible while those who contradicted Wilson's account were not. The witnesses that claimed Brown was surrendering or did not move toward Wilson were not credible; the report said their claims were inconsistent with the physical evidence, other witness statements, and in some cases prior statements from the same witness. No witness statements that pointed to Wilson's guilt were determined to be credible. Twenty-four statements were determined to lack any credibility, while eight which were found credible corroborated Wilson's account. Nine did not completely contradict nor corroborate Wilson's account.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Cleared-53">[53]</a> Several witnesses reported fear of reprisals from the community for providing evidence that corroborated Wilson's account.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Cleared-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilson's_interview_and_testimony">Wilson's interview and testimony</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg/220px-Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg/330px-Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Darren_wilson_bruise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Bruising on Wilson's face after the shooting</figcaption></figure> Officer Wilson gave his account of the incident in an interview with a detective on August 10, and in testimony before the grand jury in September. Wilson said he had just left a call involving a sick person when he heard on his radio that there was a theft in progress at a local convenience store. Wilson heard the description of the suspects and soon after observed two black males walking down the middle of the street. Wilson pulled up to them and told the two to walk on the sidewalk, and Johnson replied, "we're almost to our destination". As they passed Wilson's patrol SUV window, Brown said "fuck what you have to say".<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Documents-132">[130]</a> Wilson then backed up about ten feet to where they were<a href="#cite_note-133">[note 3]</a> and attempted to open his door. After backing up, Wilson told the two to "come here", and Brown told him in reply, "what the fuck are you gonna do". Wilson shut the door and Brown approached him and he opened the door again "trying to push him back", while telling him to get back. Brown "started swinging and punching at me from outside the vehicle", and Brown had his body against the door. Wilson said the first strike from Brown was a "glancing blow", and at that point he was trying to get Brown's arms out of his face. This was when Brown turned to his left and handed Johnson several packs of the stolen cigarillos he had been holding.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Documents-132">[130]</a> Wilson then grabbed Brown's right arm trying to get control, but Brown hit him in the face. Wilson said he "felt like a 5-year-old holding onto <a href="/wiki/Hulk_Hogan" title="Hulk Hogan">Hulk Hogan</a>" while he attempted to restrain Brown when he reached through his police car window.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg.HulkHogan-25">[25]</a> Wilson said it "jarred" him back and he yelled at Brown numerous times to stop and get back. Wilson said he thought about using his mace and his <a href="/wiki/Expandable_baton" class="mw-redirect" title="Expandable baton">baton</a>, but he was unable to reach either of them. He then drew his weapon and pointed it at Brown and told him to stop or he would shoot him, while ordering him to the ground.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Documents-132">[130]</a> According to Wilson, Brown then said "you're too much of a fucking pussy to shoot me" and grabbed for his gun and twisted it, pointing it at him, into his hip area. Wilson placed his left hand against Brown's hand and his other hand on the gun and pushed forward with both his arms. The gun was somewhat lined up with Brown, and Wilson pulled the trigger twice, but the weapon failed to discharge. On the next try, the gun fired and Brown then attempted to hit him multiple times inside his vehicle. Wilson shot at Brown again, but missed, and Brown took off running east, while Wilson exited his vehicle and radioed for backup. Wilson followed Brown, yelling for him to stop and get on the ground, but he kept running. Brown eventually stopped and turned and made a "grunting noise" and started running at him with his right hand under his shirt in his waistband. Brown ignored Wilson's commands to stop and get on the ground, so Wilson fired multiple shots at him, paused, and yelled at him to get on the ground again, but Brown was still charging at him and had not slowed down. Wilson then fired another set of shots, but Brown was still running at him. When Brown was about eight to ten feet away, Wilson fired more shots, with one of those hitting Brown in the head, which brought him down with his hand still in his waistband. Wilson said two patrol cars showed up approximately fifteen to twenty seconds after the final shot. When his supervisor arrived, he was sent to the police station.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.Documents-132">[130]</a> Wilson told detectives Brown had reached his right hand into his waistband and that the hand still appeared to be in the waistband after Brown was shot. The medical investigator at the scene of the shooting did not take any photographs and testified to the grand jury that Brown's left hand was under his dead body, near the waistband, and the right hand was extended outwards.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Testimony-134">[131]</a> On November 26, Wilson gave his first public interview about the shooting to <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>' <a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ABC.Discusses-135">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corroborating_Wilson's_testimony">Corroborating Wilson's testimony</h3></div> Numerous witness accounts were consistent with Wilson's account and also agreed with the physical evidence at hand. Many witnesses corroborated that Wilson acted in self-defense during the event. A number of the witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account of events expressed fear and apprehension in testifying, saying they had been harassed or threatened by individuals from the Ferguson community.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: pp.27–34  The following are a sample of the witnesses whose accounts aligned with Wilson's testimony. Witness 102 was a 27-year-old biracial male. He said he saw Wilson chase Brown until Brown abruptly turned around. Brown did not put his hands up in surrender but made some type of movement similar to pulling his pants up or a shoulder shrug and then made a full charge at Wilson. Witness 102 thought Wilson's life was threatened and he only fired shots when Brown was coming toward him.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: pp.27–28  After the shooting, Witness 102 remained in the neighborhood for a short period of time, and corrected a couple of people who claimed Wilson "stood over [Brown] and shot while [he was] on the ground". In response, Witness 102 said Wilson shot Brown because Brown came back toward Wilson. Witness 102 "kept thinking" Wilson's shots were "missing" Brown because Brown kept moving.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.28  Witness 102 did not stay in the neighborhood for long, and left the area shortly afterward because he felt uncomfortable. According to the witness, "crowds of people had begun to gather, wrongly claiming the police shot Brown for no reason and that he had his hands up in surrender.” Two black women approached Witness 102, mobile phones set to record, asking him to recount what he had witnessed. Witness 102 responded that they would not like what he had to say. The women responded with racial slurs, calling him names like 'white motherfucker'."<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.28  Witness 103, a 58-year-old black male, testified that from his parked truck he saw "Brown punching Wilson at least three times in the facial area, through the open driver's window of the SUV... Wilson and Brown [had] hold of each other's shirts, but Brown was 'getting in a couple of blows [on Wilson]'."<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.29  Wilson was leaning back toward the passenger seat with his forearm up, in an effort to block the blows. Then Witness 103 heard a gunshot and Brown took off running. Wilson exited the SUV, appeared to be using his shoulder microphone to call into his radio, and chased Brown with his gun held low ... Brown came to a stop near a car, put his hand down on the car, and turned around to face Wilson. Brown's hands were then down at his sides. Witness 103 did not see Brown's hands up. Wanting to leave, Witness 103 began to turn his car around in the opposite direction that Brown had been running when he heard additional shots. Witness 103 turned to his right, and saw Brown "moving fast" toward Wilson. Witness 103 then drove away."<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.29  Witness 104, a 26-year-old biracial female, witnessed the end of the altercation from a minivan: <blockquote>[Witness 104] saw Brown run from the SUV, followed by Wilson, who "hopped" out of the SUV and ran after him while yelling "stop, stop, stop". Wilson did not fire his gun as Brown ran from him. Brown then turned around and "for a second" began to raise his hands as though he may have considered surrendering, but then quickly "balled up in fists" in a running position and "charged" at Wilson. Witness 104 described it as a "tackle run", explaining Brown "wasn't going to stop". Wilson fired his gun only as Brown charged at him, backing up as Brown came toward him. Witness 104 explained there were three separate volleys of shots. Each time, Brown ran toward Wilson, Wilson fired, Brown paused, Wilson stopped firing, and then Brown charged again. The pattern continued until Brown fell to the ground, "smashing" his face upon impact. Wilson did not fire while Brown momentarily had his hands up. Witness 104 explained it took some time for Wilson to fire, adding that she "would have fired sooner". Wilson did not go near Brown's body after Brown fell to his death.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.30 </blockquote> Witness 108, a 74-year-old black male, told detectives the police officer was "in the right" and "did what he had to do", and that statements made by people in the apartment complex about Brown surrendering were inaccurate. Witness 108 later told investigators he "would have fucking shot that boy, too", and mimicked the aggressive stance Brown made while charging Wilson. He explained Wilson told Brown to "stop" or "get down" at least ten times, but instead Brown "charged" at Wilson. Witness 108 also told detectives there were other witnesses on Canfield Drive who saw what he saw.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.32  Witness 109, a 53-year-old black male, said he decided to come forward after seeing Dorian Johnson "lie" about the events on television.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.32  He said when Wilson asked the two boys to get out of the street, Brown responded something to the effect of "Fuck the police." Afterward, Wilson got out of his car and Brown hit him in the face. Witness 109 said he saw Wilson reach for his taser but dropped it and then grabbed a gun, after which Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun. According to 109, at one point Brown ran away from Wilson, but turned around and charged toward the officer. He said Wilson fired in self-defense, and did not appear to be shooting to kill at first.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.33  Witness 113, a 31-year-old black female, made statements that corroborated Wilson's account. She said she was afraid of the "neighborhood backlash" that might come from her testimony, and feared offering an account contrary to the narrative reported by the media that Brown held his hands up in surrender.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: pp.33–34  She also told investigators she thought Wilson's life was in danger. Witness 136 was in his apartment using a video chat application on his mobile phone while the shooting occurred. After hearing the first few shots, he recorded the remainder of his chat on his phone and turned it over to the FBI. The recording is about 12 seconds long and captured a total of 10 gunshots. The gunshots begin after the first four seconds. The recording captured six gunshots in two seconds. After a three-second pause, a seventh gunshot is heard. A pause of less than one second gave way to the final three-shot volley within two seconds. The recording was not time-stamped. As detailed below, this recording is consistent with several credible witness accounts as well as Wilson's account, that he fired several volleys of shots, briefly pausing between each one.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: pp.24–25  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contradicting_Wilson's_testimony">Contradicting Wilson's testimony</h3></div> Several witnesses who originally testified against Wilson were also interviewed by the prosecution. They admitted to lying under oath as to the truthfulness of their testimony.<a href="#cite_note-WJLA.Lied-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Lied-137">[134]</a> At least one witness took an account from a newspaper; this witness was later discredited by investigators during the process.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Lied-137">[134]</a> Witness 22, who originally claimed she saw Wilson kill Brown in cold blood, admitted she lied to investigators and never saw the incident at all. She said she was just passing along information which her boyfriend told her he saw.<a href="#cite_note-WJLA.Lied-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Inconsistency-139">[136]</a> The court transcript reads: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Prosecution: You gave two statements, were both of those statements true? Witness 22: No. I just felt like I want to be part of something... I didn't see what I told the FBI what [sic] I saw.</blockquote> Prosecutors also played the grand jury a 10-minute police interview with a man who claimed to have witnessed the shooting. They then played a phone call in which that man admitted he actually had not seen the incident at all.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> Another witness insisted another officer was with Wilson at the time of the shooting. By all other accounts, Wilson was the only officer present when he shot Brown. This witness described having a clear view of what transpired despite there being a building between the witness' location and where the incident took place.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> Witness 35 said Brown was "on his knees" when Wilson shot him in the head. Under questioning, his testimony fell apart, and he admitted fabricating it.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Prosecution: What you are saying you saw isn't forensically possible based on the evidence. Are you telling us that the only thing that's true about all of your statements before this is that you saw that police officer shoot him at point blank range? Witness 35: Yes.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a></blockquote> Another witness described Brown on his hands and knees pleading for his life. After a prosecutor confronted the witness and told them what they had seen was not forensically possible based on the evidence, the witness later asked to leave.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> Another witness—number 37—testified that, during a confrontation at Wilson's vehicle, Wilson shot Brown point blank in the chest—but Brown did not fall over and was not clearly bleeding as he ran away. This witness gave several different accounts of how many shots were fired. While he was further pressed for answers as to the truthfulness of his statements, he instead posed questions in return, refusing to elaborate on his statements. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Prosecution: You told three different stories in the time we've been here today. So I want to know which one is really your memory or did you see this at all? Witness 37: If none of my stuff is making any sense, like why do y'all keep contacting me?<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dorian_Johnson">Dorian Johnson</h3></div> Johnson, a friend of Brown, who was with him that day, gave his account of the incident to media outlets in August. In media interviews, Johnson said Wilson pulled up beside them and said, "Get the fuck on the sidewalk."<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Friend-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Recounts-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Witness-142">[139]</a> The young men replied they were "not but a minute away from [their] destination, and [they] would shortly be out of the street".<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Witness-142">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[note 4]</a> Wilson drove forward without saying anything further and abruptly backed up, positioning his vehicle crosswise in their path. Wilson then allegedly tried to open his door aggressively and the door ricocheted off Brown and Johnson's bodies and closed back on Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Shooting-40">[40]</a> Wilson, still in his vehicle, purportedly grabbed Brown around his neck using his left hand<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> through the open window, and Brown tried to pull away, but Wilson is said to have continued to pull Brown toward him "like tug of war".<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Witnesses-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-BostonGlobe.Autopsy-146">[142]</a> Johnson noted that Brown had the upper hand over Wilson owing to his position relative to the seated Wilson, his size advantage and because Wilson was only grabbing him with one hand.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Johnson said Brown "did not reach for the officer's weapon at all", and was attempting to get free, when Wilson drew his weapon and said, "I'll shoot you" or "I'm going to shoot", and fired his weapon hitting Brown.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Recounts-141">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Streets-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-RiverfrontTimes.Why-148">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Crowd-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Fatal-150">[146]</a> Following the initial gunshot, Brown freed himself, and the two are said to have fled. Wilson exited the vehicle, and allegedly fired several rounds at the fleeing Brown, hitting him once in the back.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Shooting-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Witness-142">[139]</a> Johnson said Brown then turned around with his hands raised and said, "I don't have a gun. Stop shooting!" Wilson is said to have then shot Brown several more times, killing him.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Shooting-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time.Roots-151">[147]</a> In his testimony in September to the grand jury, Johnson said he and Brown had walked to a convenience store to buy cigarillos, but Brown instead reached over the counter and took them and shoved a clerk on his way out the door.<a href="#cite_note-IBTimes.Cigarillos-152">[148]</a> Johnson testified that on their walk back home, Brown had the cigarillos in his hands in plain sight and two Ferguson police cars passed them, but did not stop.<a href="#cite_note-IBTimes.Cigarillos-152">[148]</a> When Wilson encountered them, he told the two to "get the fuck on the sidewalk" and Johnson told him they would be off the street shortly as they were close to their destination.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Friend-153">[149]</a> Johnson testified Wilson was the aggressor from the beginning and that for no apparent reason, he backed his vehicle up and tried to open his door, but Brown shut it, preventing him from getting out.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Friend-153">[149]</a> Johnson said Wilson then reached out and grabbed Brown by the neck and the two were engaged in a "tug of war", Wilson's left hand progressively slipping from Brown's neck to his right arm.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Brown braced himself on the vehicle's door with his left arm, which Johnson believed Wilson may have grabbed with his right arm at one point.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Wilson drew his gun with his right hand<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> and said "I'll shoot". Johnson said he never saw Brown hit Wilson and did not think Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun,<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Friend-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fox.Witness-154">[150]</a> although he admitted the possibility that Brown's left arm could have been inside the vehicle while Johnson wasn't looking.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Following a gunshot, Johnson said they both ran<a href="#cite_note-155">[note 5]</a> and Wilson fired while Brown was running away, Brown turned around and "at that time Big Mike's hands was up, but not so much in the air, because he had been struck".<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Witness-154">[150]</a> Johnson told the jurors Brown said "I don't have a gun", was mad and tried to say again "I don't have a gun", but "before he can say the second sentence or before he can even get it out, that's when the several more shots came." In his testimony, Johnson maintained Brown did not run at Wilson prior to the fatal shots.<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Witness-154">[150]</a> The Department of Justice concluded that Johnson's testimony was not credible due to its inconsistencies with evidence, internal inconsistencies and lack of corroboration by credible witness accounts. The DOJ was also skeptical that Johnson would have been in a position to witness the final shots, and believed that Johnson may have fled the scene prior or had his back to the shooting while seeking cover.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_witness_accounts">Other witness accounts</h3></div> Nine witness testimonies were judged by the Department of Justice as neither fully supportive nor inculpating of Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: pp.36–43  One, that of witness 107, who was seated in the same minivan as witness 104, reported that Wilson was standing outside the passenger side of his vehicle at the time that Brown started to run away.<a href="#cite_note-bracelet-86">[note 1]</a> Unlike witness 104, witness 107 was uncertain whether Brown subsequently charged at Wilson. Witness 107 reported that Wilson shot Brown while Brown was running away, and that the last shots were fired while Wilson was 10 to 15 feet away from Brown. The investigators reported that witness 107 was visibly shaken at what she had witnessed, which may have contributed to inconsistencies in her testimony.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witness 106, the driver of the minivan, disagreed with witness 107 that Brown had put his hands up before moving toward Wilson. Brown's gesture was instead characterized by this witness as Brown having "briefly flung" out his arms. However, the view witness 106 had of Brown was partially obstructed by Wilson's body.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witnesses 110 and 111 were interviewed on the evening of the incident and were shaken; witness 111 was crying. Witnesses 110 and 111 both witnessed the shooting, first from a driveway and then a balcony. They had passed Brown and Johnson walking on the street while in a vehicle en route to the house. They saw Wilson backing his vehicle up to block Brown and Johnson, but could not see what went on in the vehicle because they were watching from the passenger side. Johnson disappeared at the first shot, and Brown and Wilson continued to grapple until a second shot was fired and Brown ran away. Witness 110 observed Brown stopping, looking at his bloodied left hand, putting his arms out to his sides in a "what the heck" gesture and turning and going toward Wilson with his hands in the same posture. Witness 110 initially stated that Brown moved "quickly" back toward Wilson, though witness 110 later denied that Brown had been charging or running at Wilson to the grand jury and could not provide a characterization of Brown's movement. According to witness 111, it seemed that Brown was moving "in slow motion" toward Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witness 115 recorded on their cell phone video of the incident that "dude [Brown] was all up in his [Wilson's] car, dude [Brown] was punching on him." Witness 115 believed that Brown was winning in the fight, and from the vantage point of witness 115, was likely striking Wilson. There was a gap in witness 115's testimony as the shooting stopped, witness 115 went out onto their balcony, then went back inside to retrieve the phone, which they inadvertently left on their dresser, called out to family members and reemerged on the balcony. At this point, they saw Brown, whose arms were folded on his stomach,<a href="#cite_note-156">[note 6]</a> walking back toward Wilson. Brown was reportedly not surrendering and did not have his hands up, but was falling to the ground as he approached Wilson. Wilson fired a series of shots, and Brown fell to the ground over one arm, with the other at his side. Wilson did not touch Brown's body and was speaking on a radio with his gun drawn.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witness 114 saw Wilson stop his vehicle and lean out of the driver's window, perhaps to say something to Brown. Brown made a hand gesture. Wilson's vehicle continued on initially, but then was jerked back and parked at an angle. Witness 129 stated that this was to cut off Brown and Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witness 116 looked out their blinds in response to screams. They saw Brown with his hands inside Wilson's vehicle. Witness 116 reported seeing Wilson use what they thought was a taser, but miss.<a href="#cite_note-157">[note 7]</a> They then heard or saw Wilson fire a gun once or twice. Witness 116 saw Brown run away, and assumed that he had been apprehended. However, after hearing five or six additional gunshots, they looked out again to see Brown dead on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> Witness 110 and 141 reported that Wilson only shot at Brown while Brown moved toward him, not while Brown was fleeing.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> The DOJ concluded that they had identified no testimony that could inculpate Wilson that was consistent with other inculpating witness testimony, consistent with the prior statements of the witness and with the physical evidence.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.36  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_reaction_and_analysis">Early reaction and analysis</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_9–14">August 9–14</h3></div> Peaceful protests and <a href="/wiki/Civil_disorder" title="Civil disorder">civil disorder</a> broke out the day following Brown's shooting and lasted for several days. This was in part due to the belief among many that Brown was surrendering, as well as longstanding racial tensions between the minority-black population and the majority-white city government and police.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Even-158">[151]</a> As the details of the original shooting event emerged from investigators, police grappled with establishing curfews and maintaining order, while members of the Ferguson community demonstrated in various ways in the vicinity of the original shooting. On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully, but some crowd members became unruly after an evening candlelight vigil.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Looting-159">[152]</a> Local police stations assembled approximately 150 officers in riot gear.<a href="#cite_note-ChiTrib.Protests-160">[153]</a> Some people began looting businesses, vandalizing vehicles, and confronting police officers who sought to block off access to several areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Looting-159">[152]</a> Widespread media coverage examined the post-<a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a> trend of local police departments arming themselves with military-grade weapons when dealing with protests.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Military-161">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Military-162">[155]</a> In the days following the shooting, state and federal officials weighed in on the matter. On August 12, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> offered his condolences to Brown's family and community.<a href="#cite_note-KMOV.Obama-163">[156]</a> On August 14, Senator <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> of Kentucky said in an op-ed in <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a>, that the event was a tragedy and that police forces need to be demilitarized.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Paul-164">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_15–30">August 15–30</h3></div> On August 15, a report and video showing the robbery of a convenience store by Brown was released by the Ferguson Police Department. Brown was accompanied by his friend Dorian Johnson. The report and video were part of a packet that included information about the shooting afterward.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Name-165">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Veteran-166">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-KSDK.StrongArm-167">[160]</a> The report containing frames of the surveillance footage showed Brown grabbing a box of cigarillos, followed by an apparent struggle or confrontation between Brown and a store clerk.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Three-168">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Suspect-169">[162]</a> The statutory deadline in the Sunshine Law, Missouri's equivalent of the federal Freedom of Information Act, was the cited reason for the release following requests by St. Louis Post-Dispatch, <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">Judicial Watch</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-DevinJames.Karr-170">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Mislead-171">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-KPLR.Timeline-172">[165]</a> The Department of Justice had urged the video not be released, saying a release would inflame tension.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Feds-173">[166]</a> Missouri Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a> identified the release as an attempt to disparage Brown during the investigation that would inflame the community.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Points-174">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-IJR.Nixon-175">[168]</a> Brown's family released a statement in which they condemn the way the police chief chose to disseminate information, calling it <a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">character assassination</a> following the "execution-style murder" of their son.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Emotions-176">[169]</a> The August 15 release of information was criticized as part of an erratic and infrequent release of information by the police.<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Cedes-177">[170]</a> Previously, the police withheld the name of the officer involved in the shooting, citing safety concerns following death threats against the unnamed officer.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Name-165">[158]</a> The St Louis County Police incident report lacked details.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Report-178">[171]</a> The Ferguson Police incident report was obtained by the ACLU after a request and subsequent lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-ACLU.Report-179">[172]</a> Wilson did not file an incident report<a href="#cite_note-Time.Report-178">[171]</a> and there was no Ferguson Police use-of-force report related to the incident.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo.Report-180">[173]</a> The Ferguson Police Department refused to commit to a deadline for releasing a full autopsy report.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Roots-151">[147]</a> When the report and video were released, the police said Wilson had known Brown was a suspect in the robbery.<a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Bombshell-181">[174]</a> In a media conference, Ferguson's chief of police <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jackson_(police_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jackson (police officer) (page does not exist)">Tom Jackson</a> said the robbery was unrelated to the initial contact, and had nothing to do with Wilson stopping Brown and Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.Name-165">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Bombshell-181">[174]</a> Jackson later clarified Wilson recognized Brown as a suspect because he saw a box of cigars in his hand.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Cigars-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Jesse-182">[175]</a> Eugene O'Donnell, a former district attorney in New York City who now serves as a professor at the <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College_of_Criminal_Justice" title="John Jay College of Criminal Justice">John Jay College of Criminal Justice</a>, said, while the police officer may have stopped Brown for jaywalking, Brown may have been thinking the officer knew about the robbery: "Obviously the cop's reaction is not affected, but what could be affected is [Brown's] reaction to the cop."<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Matters-183">[176]</a> A Pew Research Center Survey published on August 18 suggested differences in American public opinion between whites and blacks. It indicated 80% of blacks and 37% of whites believed the shooting "raises important issues about race".<a href="#cite_note-184">[177]</a> On August 24, St. Louis held their annual Peace Fest, which had a particular focus on Mike Brown. In attendance was Mike Brown's father, Mike Brown Sr., as well as the parents of Trayvon Martin (an unarmed black teen who was shot and killed in Florida in 2012).<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Peace-185">[178]</a> In August, Chief Jackson said Wilson had been injured in the incident.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Threats-186">[179]</a> Wilson's medical record shows his injuries were diagnosed as a facial contusion or bruise.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic.Injury-187">[180]</a> Brown's funeral was held on August 25 and was attended by an estimated 4,500 people.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Church-188">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.White-189">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> delivered one of two eulogies.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Hope-190">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-KCStar.Mourners-191">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_–_November_24">September – November 24</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/220px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/330px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg/440px-Ferguson_Police_chief_Thomas_Jackson_at_press_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption>Ferguson Police Chief Tom Jackson at the news conference</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg/220px-Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg/440px-Memorial_to_Michael_Brown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A makeshift memorial placed during protests</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/220px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/330px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg/440px-Protest_at_Ferguson_police_dept.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Protesters gather at the Ferguson police department</figcaption></figure> On October 22, anonymous sources leaked to the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a> what they described as Wilson's grand jury testimony.<a href="#cite_note-NYMag.Justice-192">[185]</a> The Justice Department issued a statement that it "considers the selective release of information in this investigation to be irresponsible and highly troubling. Since the release of the convenience-store footage, there seems to be an inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case."<a href="#cite_note-NYMag.Justice-192">[185]</a> Wilson's defense team denied they were behind the leaks, saying they "[were] not in possession of any of the disclosed reports or the investigative report".<a href="#cite_note-NYMag.Justice-192">[185]</a> The St. Louis County prosecutor spokesperson said his office would not investigate the leaks because they could not force journalists to divulge their sources, and "you can tell by the information they have that the leaks are not coming from the grand jury or the prosecutor's office."<a href="#cite_note-DFP.Feds-193">[186]</a> The leaks concerning grand jury testimony were condemned by the Justice Department as inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case.<a href="#cite_note-NYMag.Justice-192">[185]</a> The leaks referred to evidence supporting Wilson's testimony and decreased the likelihood of an indictment whilst fanning the flames of angry protesters.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Leaks-194">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_24_–_early_December">November 24 – early December</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/220px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/330px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg/440px-Missouri_Highway_Patrol_Captain_Ron_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Missouri Highway Patrol Captain Ronald Johnson was asked to take over policing of Ferguson, as a tactical shift to reduce the violence</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/220px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/330px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg/440px-Sharpshooter_facing_camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Police sharpshooter atop a SWAT vehicle during protests at Ferguson</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferguson_Day_6,_Picture_44.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/220px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/330px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png/440px-Ferguson_Day_6%2C_Picture_44.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Clashes between police and protesters</figcaption></figure> Following the grand jury announcement, protests, some of them violent, broke out in Ferguson and other cities across the United States. Several Ferguson businesses were looted and fires set by protesters. Protests erupted in 170 cities across the U.S., including<a href="#cite_note-Economist.Belong-195">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="St Louis">St Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a>, New York City, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Chicago, and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC.Protests-196">[189]</a> Numerous media reports and legal experts criticized the process for failing to return an indictment in cases concerning law enforcement officers.<a href="#cite_note-CSM.Rarely-197">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-538.Rare-198">[191]</a> A December 2014 opinion poll by Washington Post-ABC News showed a majority of blacks do not believe that they receive treatment equal to whites by the police or the criminal justice system. Six out of ten white Americans believe the police treat races equally with roughly half of white Americans believing the criminal justice provides equal treatment, but there is a sharp partisan divide between white Americans. <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> white Americans are far more likely to say whites and blacks receive equal treatment in the justice system than the <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> white Americans.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Partisan-199">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[note 8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2015">March 2015</h3></div> On March 4, the U.S. Department of Justice announced Wilson would not be charged in the shooting. Its report said "[t]here is no evidence upon which prosecutors can rely to disprove Wilson's stated subjective belief that he feared for his safety," and that accounts that Brown put his hands up are "inaccurate because they are inconsistent with the physical and forensic evidence".<a href="#cite_note-ABC.NotCharge-201">[193]</a> President Obama reacted to the announcement, stating, "The finding that was made [by the Department of Justice] was that it was not unreasonable to determine that there was not sufficient evidence to charge Officer Wilson. That was an objective, thorough, independent federal investigation." He further added, "We may never know exactly what happened. But Officer Wilson like anybody else who is charged with a crime benefits from due process and a reasonable doubt standard."<a href="#cite_note-ABC.Obama-202">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_–_July_2015">June – July 2015</h3></div> In a <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)#Gallup_Poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup Poll</a> taken in June and July 2015, 8% of black respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 44% of black respondents answered "fairly". In contrast, 29% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 49% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered "fairly". In the same poll, 38% of black respondents and 18% of non-Hispanic white respondents indicated a preference for "greater police presence in their local communities."<a href="#cite_note-203">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h3></div> Various heads of state and foreign news organizations have commented on the shooting and subsequent protests including the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>, Germany's <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-205">[197]</a> Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)">Ministry of Foreign affairs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DNEgypt.Restraint-206">[198]</a> the Iranian <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_News_Agency" title="Islamic Republic News Agency">Islamic Republic News Agency</a>,<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-205">[197]</a> protesters throughout the Middle East,<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Advice-207">[199]</a> the Russian Foreign Ministry,<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-205">[197]</a> Spain's <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.World-208">[200]</a> the British <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MetroUK.Dehumanise-209">[201]</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.International-205">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> (AI) sent a team of human rights observers, trainers, and researchers to Ferguson. It was the first time the organization deployed such a team in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Backfire-210">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed.Amnesty-211">[203]</a> In a press release, AI USA director <a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Hawkins" title="Steven W. Hawkins">Steven W. Hawkins</a> said, "The U.S. cannot continue to allow those obligated and duty-bound to protect to become those who their community fears most."<a href="#cite_note-KMOX.Amnesty-212">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty.Delegation-213">[205]</a> On October 24, AI published a report declaring human rights abuses in Ferguson. The report cited the use of lethal force in Brown's death, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas, <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber bullets">rubber bullets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Long_range_acoustic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Long range acoustic device">long range acoustic devices</a>, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty.Abuses-214">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time.Amnesty-215">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_to_grand_jury_decision">Reactions to grand jury decision</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG/220px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG/330px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG/440px-NYC_Mike_Brown-Ferguson_protest_Union_Square_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="2072" /></a><figcaption>Protesters react the day following the grand jury decision in <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square, Manhattan</a> in New York City.</figcaption></figure> The grand jury process was atypical because of significant and numerous departures from other normal grand jury proceedings. The American grand jury process operates in secret, with the proceedings, evidence and testimony rarely being released to the public in cases of no indictment. From the beginning, McCulloch desired to provide transparency to the process and had the proceeding transcribed with the intention of releasing the materials to the public if there was no indictment. <a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Cassell" title="Paul G. Cassell">Paul Cassell</a>, former U.S. federal judge, said the investigative grand jury was unique because they were investigating with no assurance that any criminal conduct was present, in contrast to normal grand jury proceedings which have been screened for probable cause by a prosecutor. McCulloch's intentions to present all the evidence resulted in the proceedings which took far longer than regular grand juries which decide within days.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Fair-65">[65]</a> Earlier in the hearing, the prosecution presented a 1979 Missouri statute allowing officers to use deadly force "to effect the arrest or prevent the escape from custody [of a person]". Before the grand jury deliberated, jurors were told to disregard the previous instructions and use case law from the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_v_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee v Garner">Tennessee v Garner</a> ruling, which said it was unconstitutional for police officers to use deadly force to apprehend non-dangerous fleeing suspects.<a href="#cite_note-KWMU.Wrangled-216">[208]</a> Missouri Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Chris_Koster" title="Chris Koster">Chris Koster</a>, acknowledged the grand jury was given information based on the state law before being informed that deadly force cannot be used merely to prevent the escape of an unarmed suspect.<a href="#cite_note-KWMU.Wrangled-216">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-Donnell.Last-217">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_O%27Donnell" title="Lawrence O'Donnell">Lawrence O'Donnell</a> argued that this change amounted to a deliberate attempt by the prosecution to make it impossible to indict Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-Donnell.Last-217">[209]</a> Andrew F. Branca, a Massachusetts lawyer focusing on self-defense law, attributed O'Donnell's comments as a <a href="/wiki/Straw_man" title="Straw man">straw man</a> because self-defense is a completely independent and sufficient justification for the use of deadly force.<a href="#cite_note-LegalInsurrection.Decision-218">[210]</a> The St. Louis Public Radio later clarified that even if Wilson was indicted and convicted at trial based on the Garner ruling, the conviction could be challenged on the basis that Missouri law permitted the use of deadly force.<a href="#cite_note-KWMU.Wrangled-216">[208]</a> The prosecution's handling of the case received particular attention. Roger Parloff said prosecutors do not usually exclude truly exculpatory evidence and that prosecutors do not typically indict if they believe the accused is not guilty, disagreeing with the notion that McCulloch should have presented evidence with the purpose of obtaining an indictment.<a href="#cite_note-Fortune.Deaths-219">[211]</a> Jay Sterling Silver said the grand jury case indicated a conflict of interest between local prosecutors and police, as the former needs to maintain a good relationship with law enforcement.<a href="#cite_note-TimesDispatch.Silver-220">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_O%27Mara" title="Mark O'Mara">Mark O'Mara</a> said the unusual process was to avoid arguments that the presentation was to effect a particular result, yet despite this McCulloch was still criticized for the decision. Paul Callan, former deputy chief of homicide in the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, gave a layered response which asserted the choice to present all the evidence was unusual, but not unprecedented in controversial cases. Callan said some prosecutors use the grand jury process as political cover in cases which would not succeed at trial, and in cases in which subsequent investigations and civil lawsuits would raise further criticism.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> William Fitzpatrick, of the National District Attorneys Association, said it was not strange for prosecutors in police-involved cases to provide all available evidence and not ask for a specific charge and defended McCulloch's inclusion of evidence.<a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Strategy-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Toobin" title="Jeffrey Toobin">Jeffrey Toobin</a> agreed the exoneration may have been well-justified because a conviction would have been very unlikely at a trial, but the process that was used does not inspire confidence in the legal system.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Credibility-138">[135]</a> In a later interview, McCulloch defended the choice to include all evidence and not skew the presentation just for the sake of getting an indictment.<a href="#cite_note-KTRS.McGraw-81">[81]</a> The New York Times described prosecutors' questioning of Wilson as "gentle" and said it contrasted with the sharp challenges to witnesses whose accounts seemed to contradict Wilson's, and reported this had led some to question whether the process was as objective as McCulloch had claimed. The Times reported prosecutors asked witness after witness if Brown appeared to be reaching for a weapon when confronting Wilson, though few of them said this. Furthermore, contradictions in testimony by Wilson and other law-enforcement officers were left unchallenged by prosecutors.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Trusting-87">[86]</a> CNN legal analyst <a href="/wiki/Sunny_Hostin" title="Sunny Hostin">Sunny Hostin</a> criticized the prosecutors for asking softball questions during the cross examination of Wilson's testimony, and referred particularly to the fact that no witness could corroborate Wilson's story that he had warned Brown twice to lie down on the ground, and when asked, witnesses said they did not hear him say that.<a href="#cite_note-RawStory.Fanciful-221">[213]</a> After the grand jury's decision was announced, Brown's stepfather, Louis Head, turned to a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered, and yelled "Burn this bitch down", according to a New York Times video.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Stepfather-222">[214]</a> Moments before, he had said "If I get up [on the platform] I'm gonna start a riot."<a href="#cite_note-AlJazeera.Stepdad-223">[215]</a> He later apologized for the outburst.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Sorry-224">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Canfield.jpg/220px-Canfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Canfield.jpg/330px-Canfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Canfield.jpg/440px-Canfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="2755" /></a><figcaption>The site on Canfield Drive in 2020</figcaption></figure> By September 24, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson publicly apologized to the family of Michael Brown.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday.Apology-225">[217]</a> By March 12, five months later, Thomas Jackson resigned from the Ferguson Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-NPR.ChiefResign-226">[218]</a> On November 29, Wilson resigned from the Ferguson police force with no <a href="/wiki/Severance_package" title="Severance package">severance</a>, citing security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.Resigned-227">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN.Resigns-228">[220]</a> Wilson's lawyer said Wilson "will never be a police officer again" as he does not want to put other officers at risk due to his presence.<a href="#cite_note-NBC.Cop-229">[221]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Bar_Association" title="National Bar Association">National Bar Association</a>, an organization of African American lawyers and judges, made a complaint to the Missouri Department of Public Safety demanding Wilson's police officer license be revoked.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Revocation-230">[222]</a> Wilson's attempts to obtain employment as a police officer have been unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-NYer.Cop-231">[223]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced the federal government would spend $75 million on <a href="/wiki/Body_cameras" class="mw-redirect" title="Body cameras">body cameras</a> for law enforcement officers, as one of the measures taken in response to the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-MSNBC.Cameras-232">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-VOA.Obama-233">[225]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press'</a> annual poll of United States news directors and editors, the top news story of 2014 was police killings of unarmed black people—including the shooting of Brown—as well as their investigations and the protests in their aftermath.<a href="#cite_note-Time.APPoll-234">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP.Poll-235">[227]</a> Roger Goldman, emeritus professor at Saint Louis University Law School, Flanders, a Saint Louis University law professor, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Jamilah_Nasheed" title="Jamilah Nasheed">Jamilah Nasheed</a> seek the updating of Missouri state law to comply with the 1985 U.S. Supreme Court decision, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_v._Garner" title="Tennessee v. Garner">Tennessee v. Garner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KWMU.Wrangled-216">[208]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg/220px-Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg/330px-Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg/440px-Michael_Brown_Plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1295" /></a><figcaption>Bronze plaque in memory of Michael Brown on sidewalk where shooting incident occurred</figcaption></figure> The cover of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>'s January 26, 2015, issue depicted <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> linking arms with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wenjian_Liu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenjian Liu">Wenjian Liu</a>, and joined by <a href="/wiki/Trayvon_Martin" title="Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a> and Brown.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Selma-236">[228]</a> Funds for the Brown family and for Wilson were solicited on the internet,<a href="#cite_note-WJLA.Fundraisers-237">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYDailyNews.Pages-238">[230]</a> each accumulating hundreds of thousands of dollars in donations.<a href="#cite_note-KSDK.Donated-239">[231]</a> In August 2018, Prosecuting Attorney <a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Bob McCulloch</a> lost re-election to reformist <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Bell" title="Wesley Bell">Wesley Bell</a> by double-digit margins, ending McCulloch's 28-year incumbency.<a href="#cite_note-240">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_of_QuikTrip">Destruction of QuikTrip</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a> where Michael Brown had a confrontation with a clerk (which led to the police call)<a href="#cite_note-changed_NPR-241">[233]</a> was looted and burned the next day,<a href="#cite_note-timeline_ABC-242">[234]</a> along with other stores in the neighborhood. Rather than rebuilding, the corporation donated the site to the <a href="/wiki/Urban_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban League">Urban League</a> of Metropolitan St. Louis and the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>. The organizations built the Ferguson Community Empowerment Center on the site, which opened in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-timeline_ABC-242">[234]</a> The Urban League began suburban street outreach for the first time, and is also redeveloping other vacant lots.<a href="#cite_note-changed_NPR-241">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferguson_Effect">Ferguson Effect</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></div> The Ferguson effect is an increase in violent crime rates in a community caused by reduced <a href="/wiki/Proactive_policing" title="Proactive policing">proactive policing</a> due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police.<a href="#cite_note-:0-243">[235]</a> The Ferguson effect was first proposed after police saw an increase in violence following the shooting of Brown in <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>. The term was coined by <a href="/wiki/Doyle_Sam_Dotson_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle Sam Dotson III">Doyle Sam Dotson III</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_police" title="Chief of police">chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department,_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis">St. Louis police</a>, to account for an increased murder rate in some U.S. cities following the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-244">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Hands_up,_don't_shoot"">"Hands up, don't shoot"</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/220px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/330px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg/440px-Protesters_with_signs_in_Ferguson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up!</a>" sign displayed at a Ferguson protest</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></div> "Hands up, don't shoot", or simply "hands up", is a slogan and gesture originating from the incident and was seen in demonstrations in Ferguson and throughout the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Time.Rams-245">[237]</a> The gesture became a rallying cry against police violence.<a href="#cite_note-Fox.Hands-246">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-ViceSports.Rams-247">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Beyond-248">[240]</a> On March 4, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a report on the shooting,<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> which said, "There is no witness who has stated that Brown had his hands up in surrender whose statement is otherwise consistent with the physical evidence" and "our investigation did not reveal any eyewitness who stated that Brown said 'don't shoot'."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201583-249">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Hands-250">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_incidents">Related incidents</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2014_killings_of_NYPD_officers" title="2014 killings of NYPD officers">2014 killings of NYPD officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest#March_2015" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest § March 2015</a></div> On December 20, two NYPD officers were shot and killed in their police car in <a href="/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" title="Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn</a>. The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, posted days earlier on Instagram his intention to kill police officers in response to the killings of Brown and <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Ambush-251">[243]</a> The suspect, who had a long criminal record and had shot his girlfriend in the stomach a few hours earlier, entered the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> and committed suicide.<a href="#cite_note-NYPost.Revenge-252">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC.Ambush-253">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Ambush-254">[246]</a> On March 12, 2015, two police officers were wounded by gunfire outside the Ferguson police headquarters. The officers, one from nearby Webster Groves, the other from the St. Louis County Police, were providing security at a protest being staged outside the station.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Security-255">[247]</a> Two days later, 20-year-old Jeffrey L. Williams was arrested in connection with the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters.Suspect-256">[248]</a> Williams' attorney said, although Williams fired the shots, he was not aiming at the officers.<a href="#cite_note-ChiTrib.Suspect-257">[249]</a> Eighteen-year-old Tyrone Harris (friend of Brown) was shot by police in Ferguson on August 9, 2015, one year after the shooting of Michael Brown.<a href="#cite_note-258">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[251]</a> That same day, the <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia (Missouri)</a> Police Officers' Association (CPOA) proclaimed "Darren Wilson Day", calling Wilson an "innocent, but persecuted, officer" and insisted his ethnicity had nothing to do with their support of him.<a href="#cite_note-260">[252]</a> An ABC affiliate reported the post was shared nearly 60 times on the site before being removed. The CPOA then posted its support for Wilson and "all law enforcement officers who endure similar situations."<a href="#cite_note-261">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Task_force_on_policing">Task force on policing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Police_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Police reform in the United States">Police reform in the United States</a></div> In December 2014, president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> created a commission to make recommendations for broad police reform in the United States. The commission created by Obama released an interim report on March 2, 2015, with numerous recommendations, including the recommendation that policy be created mandating "external and independent criminal investigations in cases of police use of force resulting in death, officer-involved shootings resulting in injury or death, or in-custody deaths".<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.PolicingReport-262">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DOJ_investigation_into_the_Ferguson_Police_Department">DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department</h3></div> On September 5, 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice began an investigation of the Ferguson, Missouri, police force to examine whether officers routinely engaged in racial profiling or showed a pattern of excessive force. The investigation was separate from the Department's other investigation of the shooting of Brown.<a href="#cite_note-CBS.FedsLaunch-263">[255]</a> The results of the investigation were released in a March 4, 2015, report, which concluded officers in Ferguson routinely violated the constitutional rights of the city's residents, by discriminating against African Americans and applying racial stereotypes, in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct within the Ferguson Police Department that violates the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and federal statutory law."<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.FPDReport-264">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Pattern-265">[257]</a> The report focused on the problem of issuing warrants for sometimes minor offenses. In many states, a chief cause for warrants is unpaid traffic tickets.<a href="#cite_note-266">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brown_family_lawsuit">Brown family lawsuit</h3></div> On April 23, 2015, the Brown family filed a <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrongful death">wrongful death</a> lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson, asking for damages in excess of $75,000 as well as attorney's fees.<a href="#cite_note-CNN.Lawsuit-267">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes.Petition-268">[260]</a> On May 27, 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.BrownFederal-269">[261]</a> On July 14, 2015, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/E._Richard_Webber" title="E. Richard Webber">E. Richard Webber</a> responded to defense motions by dismissing four of the seven counts of the lawsuit and declining to dismiss two other counts.<a href="#cite_note-ABC.BrownNarrows-270">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.BrownDismisses-271">[263]</a> On June 20, 2017, Webber approved a settlement between Brown's parents and the city of Ferguson. Terms of the agreement, including the settlement amount, were sealed from the public.<a href="#cite_note-272">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[265]</a> A Ferguson city attorney revealed the city's insurance company paid $1.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-274">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dorian_Johnson_lawsuit">Dorian Johnson lawsuit</h3></div> On April 29, 2015, Johnson filed a lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson for being stopped by Wilson without probable cause, reasonable suspicion or legal justification to detain him. The lawsuit claimed that, according to the findings of the <a href="#DOJ_investigation_into_the_Ferguson_Police_Department">§ DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department</a>, law enforcement efforts focused on generating revenue rather than protecting the town's citizens. Johnson sought US$25,000 in damages.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPost.Sues-275">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-STLToday.Lawsuit-276">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scribd.JohnsonVs-277">[269]</a> On May 27, 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court.<a href="#cite_note-STLToday.JohnsonFederal-278">[270]</a> The court denied the defendants' motion to dismiss the case; they appealed, and a three-judge panel of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court on July 25, 2017,<a href="#cite_note-279">[271]</a> allowing the lawsuit to go forward. The <a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a> Eighth Circuit reviewed and reversed the panel's decision on June 17, 2019, directing the district court to dismiss the case.<a href="#cite_note-280">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment_of_African-American_police_chiefs">Appointment of African-American police chiefs</h3></div> On May 9, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Delrish_Moss" title="Delrish Moss">Delrish Moss</a>, a Miami law enforcement veteran and expert in community relations,<a href="#cite_note-281">[273]</a> was sworn in as the first permanent African American chief in Ferguson. He said his challenges would include diversifying the police force and dramatically improving community relations.<a href="#cite_note-282">[274]</a> Moss resigned and returned to Miami in October 2018. In 2023, Troy Doyle became the new police chief. According to Doyle, as a teenager growing up in northern St. Louis County, he was pulled over so many times on his commute that he bought a radar detector to avoid police. He says while he was stopped in a parking lot, a police officer pulled up and demanded identification for no apparent reason, noticed the radar detector, and <a href="/wiki/Civil_forfeiture_in_the_United_States" title="Civil forfeiture in the United States">took it without compensation</a> after falsely stating it had shown up as stolen. Doyle says the incident is what inspired him to public service.<a href="#cite_note-changed_NPR-241">[233]</a> The police department went from having three African-American officers in 2014 to roughly half in 2024, with only four officers still on board who had been serving at the time of the Brown shooting.<a href="#cite_note-changed_NPR-241">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lezley_McSpadden_announces_run_for_Ferguson_City_Council">Lezley McSpadden announces run for Ferguson City Council</h3></div> On April 25, 2018, Brown's mother, Lezley McSpadden, announced to a Harvard University forum on police violence that she would run for City Council of Ferguson.<a href="#cite_note-McSpadden.CityCouncilRun-283">[275]</a> She did not win.<a href="#cite_note-284">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> The same month Brown was shot dead, American rappers <a href="/wiki/The_Game_(rapper)" title="The Game (rapper)">The Game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Ross" title="Rick Ross">Rick Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Chainz" title="2 Chainz">2 Chainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Combs" title="Sean Combs">Diddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabolous" title="Fabolous">Fabolous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wale_(rapper)" title="Wale (rapper)">Wale</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Khaled" title="DJ Khaled">DJ Khaled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swizz_Beatz" title="Swizz Beatz">Swizz Beatz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo_Gotti" title="Yo Gotti">Yo Gotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curren$y" class="mw-redirect" title="Curren$y">Curren$y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Problem_(rapper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem (rapper)">Problem</a>, King Pharoah and recording group <a href="/wiki/TGT_(group)" title="TGT (group)">TGT</a> released the song "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>" as a tribute to Brown.<a href="#cite_note-285">[277]</a> On De L'Amour — his final studio album released before his death in 2017 — the French rock and roll singer <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hallyday" title="Johnny Hallyday">Johnny Hallyday</a> sings "Dans la peau de Mike Brown", a song against racial crimes and in memory of Mike Brown.<a href="#cite_note-286">[278]</a> On November 28, 2014, musician and filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rossi" title="Richard Rossi">Richard Rossi</a> was in the news regarding the controversy over the shooting of Michael Brown. Rossi wrote and recorded a <a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest song</a> expressing his feelings about a grand jury's decision not to charge a white police officer in the death of the unarmed black teen in <a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a>. "I wrote the song in five minutes as a way to express my emotions about the danger of trigger-happy police," Rossi said. "I filmed it on my laptop at my kitchen table and uploaded it to YouTube." Rossi uploaded the video on November 26, and provided the song's lyrics in the video description. Here is a sample from the song's beginning, printed in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Daily_News" title="Los Angeles Daily News">Los Angeles Daily News</a>: "Down at the courthouse on a Monday afternoon/Justice was thrown right out the window when a young white cop entered the room."<a href="#cite_note-287">[279]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>'s song about the <a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a>, "Baltimore", he sings "does anybody hear us pray for Michael Brown or <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a>?".<a href="#cite_note-288">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[281]</a> In 2015, actor <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Miller" title="Ezra Miller">Ezra Miller</a> directed a short film titled The Truth According to Darren Wilson. In the film, Wilson recounts his version of events, ending in him being called into a room to tell it to investigators, implying that Wilson unlawfully murdered Brown, and that he later lied about the events of that day.<a href="#cite_note-290">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[283]</a> Brown's death is the subject of the song "What It Means" by <a href="/wiki/Drive-By_Truckers" title="Drive-By Truckers">Drive-By Truckers</a> on their 2016 album <a href="/wiki/American_Band_(album)" title="American Band (album)">American Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[285]</a> Iconographer Mark Dukes created the icon <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a> in response to the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-294">[286]</a> Poet <a href="/wiki/Danez_Smith" title="Danez Smith">Danez Smith</a> published a poem entitled "not an Elegy for Mike Brown", written the night of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-295">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[288]</a> Seattle based rapper <a href="/wiki/Macklemore" title="Macklemore">Macklemore</a> mentions Wilson in the song "White Privilege II" from his second collaborative effort with producer <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Lewis" title="Ryan Lewis">Ryan Lewis</a>, 2016's <a href="/wiki/This_Unruly_Mess_I%27ve_Made" title="This Unruly Mess I've Made">This Unruly Mess I've Made</a>: "My success is the product of the same system that let off Darren Wilson – guilty"<a href="#cite_note-297">[289]</a> In 2016, a chapter about <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> memorials to Brown and others was included in the book, "The Sustainers: Being, Building and Doing Good through the Sacred Spaces of Civil Rights, Human Rights and Social Movements," by preservationist <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Fleming_Bruce" title="Catherine Fleming Bruce">Catherine Fleming Bruce</a>. The book won the 2017 <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mary_Washington" title="University of Mary Washington">University of Mary Washington</a> Historic Preservation Book Prize.<a href="#cite_note-298">[290]</a> English folk singer <a href="/wiki/Reg_Meuross" title="Reg Meuross">Reg Meuross</a> included a song called "The Lonesome Death of Michael Brown" on his 2017 album Faraway People.<a href="#cite_note-Faraway_FRUK-299">[291]</a> The song's title acknowledges Bob Dylan's song against racism in the 1960s, "<a href="/wiki/The_Lonesome_Death_of_Hattie_Carroll" title="The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll">The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll</a>", which describes the death in Baltimore of a bartender at the hands of a drunk patron, who struck her with a cane causing her to die of a brain hemorrhage. Poet <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sealey" title="Nicole Sealey">Nicole Sealey</a> wrote The Ferguson Report: An Erasure, a book length <a href="/wiki/Erasure_poetry" title="Erasure poetry">erasure</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[292]</a> of the Ferguson Report <a href="#cite_note-301">[293]</a> which comments on the Killing of Michael Brown and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a>. Her poem "Pages 22–29", an excerpt from the book, won a <a href="/wiki/Forward_Prize_for_Poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Prize for Poetry">Forward Prize for Poetry</a> in October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Bayley_2021-302">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/32px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/48px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/64px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Missouri" title="Portal:Missouri">Missouri portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States">List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States,_August_2014" title="List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, August 2014">List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, August 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Killing of Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Killing of Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Killing of Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Killing of Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">Murder of George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Murder of Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing of Breonna Taylor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bracelet-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bracelet_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bracelet_86-1">b</a> Although bracelets were found on the passenger and driver sides of Wilson's vehicle, the DOJ report noted that neither of the two bracelets found on the scene had its owner identified, and when they appeared on the road was never determined.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.17  </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> County autopsy report: <dl><dd><dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1371273-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html">"Post-Mortem Examination – Exam Case 2104–5143 – Brown, Michael"</a>. St. Louis County Health, Office of the Medical Examiner. Retrieved September 13, 2016 – via DocumentCloud contribution by Eyder Peralta, NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post-Mortem+Examination+%E2%80%93+Exam+Case+2104%E2%80%935143+%E2%80%93+Brown%2C+Michael&rft.pub=St.+Louis+County+Health%2C+Office+of+the+Medical+Examiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F1371273-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> Independent autopsy report: <dl><dd><dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1370608-michael-brown-private-autopsy-report.html">"Autopsy Report – Michael Brown"</a>. Retrieved September 13, 2016 – via DocumentCloud contribution by CNN Digital.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autopsy+Report+%E2%80%93+Michael+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F1370608-michael-brown-private-autopsy-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> Federal autopsy report: <dl><dd><dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1376606-me-14-0240.html">"Autopsy Report – Autopsy Number ME14-0240 – Brown, Michael"</a>. Department of Defense, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner. Retrieved September 13, 2016 – via DocumentCloud contribution by News desk, The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autopsy+Report+%E2%80%93+Autopsy+Number+ME14-0240+%E2%80%93+Brown%2C+Michael&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense%2C+Armed+Forces+Medical+Examiner+System%2C+Office+of+the+Armed+Forces+Medical+Examiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F1376606-me-14-0240.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Wilson testified that he realized while driving on that Brown might be the suspect he had heard about on the radio. He had noticed Brown holding cigarillos and later looked at him again in his rear view mirror. Per Wilson, this was when he radioed his response that he was with two subjects on Canfield Drive, asked for assistance and backed up the vehicle to cut off Brown and Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.13  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Johnson lived in the adjacent apartment complex and was neighbors with Brown, who was living with a relative at the time.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Johnson said that Brown told him to "keep running, bro" as he passed Johnson, who had outpaced Brown and decided first to hide among stopped vehicles by crouching and then to try to enter one.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Witness 115 assumed that Brown had been shot in the stomach<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Wilson testified that he was not carrying a taser, only mace, a flashlight, a retractable <a href="/wiki/Asp_baton" class="mw-redirect" title="Asp baton">asp baton</a> and a gun, none of which he considered to be viable options other than drawing the gun—mace because he believed he would incapacitate himself, the baton because it was holstered on his back and would have to be extended in close quarters and the flashlight because it was out of reach in a bag.<a href="#cite_note-DOJ.ShootingReport-13">[13]</a>: p.13  </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> The poll was conducted December 11–15, 2014, with a random national sample of 1,012 adults with an overall margin of error of 3.5 percentage points, but an error margin of 11 points for results among African Americans and Hispanics.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost.Partisan-199">[192]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes.Documents-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes.Documents_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes.Documents_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes.Documents_1-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html">"Documents Released in the Ferguson Case"</a>. The New York Times. November 25, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205070832/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Documents+Released+in+the+Ferguson+Case&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2014%2F11%2F25%2Fus%2Fevidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> (See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/capture.png">diagram</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225026/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/capture.png">Archived</a> November 29, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/picture2.png">legend</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129224843/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/picture2.png">Archived</a> November 29, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in second row from bottom.) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ20156-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ20156_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSDOJ2015">USDOJ 2015</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359">"Michael Brown Robbed Convenience Store, Stole Cigarillos Before Darren Wilson Shooting, Dorian Johnson Says"</a>. International Business Times. November 25, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161139/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Brown+Robbed+Convenience+Store%2C+Stole+Cigarillos+Before+Darren+Wilson+Shooting%2C+Dorian+Johnson+Says&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fmichael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ2015pp._80–81,_§1._Shooting_at_the_SUV-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ2015pp._80–81,_§1._Shooting_at_the_SUV_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSDOJ2015">USDOJ 2015</a>, pp. 80–81, §1. Shooting at the SUV. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2014" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Eliott (December 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-dorian-johnson-statements/index.html">"Despite discrepancies, Dorian Johnson consistent in accounts of Brown shooting"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182234/https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-dorian-johnson-statements/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Despite+discrepancies%2C+Dorian+Johnson+consistent+in+accounts+of+Brown+shooting&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Eliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F12%2F14%2Fjustice%2Fferguson-dorian-johnson-statements%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN.Told-6"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN.Told_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeCastillo2014" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Rachel; Castillo, Mariano (November 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/">"Michael Brown shooting: What Darren Wilson told the Ferguson grand jury"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207033641/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michael+Brown+shooting%3A+What+Darren+Wilson+told+the+Ferguson+grand+jury&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Mariano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F11%2F25%2Fjustice%2Fferguson-grand-jury-documents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC.Survived-7"><a href="#cite_ref-ABC.Survived_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurryGhebremedhin2014" class="citation news cs1">Curry, Colleen; Ghebremedhin, Sabina (August 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/michael-brown-survived-shots-shot-killed/story?id=25017247">"Michael Brown Could Have Survived First 5 Shots, Last Shot Killed Him, Autopsy Says"</a>. 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Retrieved March 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Darren+Wilson+Is+Cleared+of+Rights+Violations+in+Ferguson+Shooting&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Eckholm&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.au=Apuzzo%2C+Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyti.ms%2F1B1IGOD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201512-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201512_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSDOJ201512_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUSDOJ2015">USDOJ 2015</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-07-30/prosecutor-no-charges-for-officer-in-michael-browns-death">"Prosecutors again decline to charge police officer who shot Michael Brown six years ago"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731145017/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-07-30/prosecutor-no-charges-for-officer-in-michael-browns-death">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020. <q>Could we prove beyond a reasonable doubt that when Darren Wilson shot Michael Brown he committed murder or manslaughter under Missouri law? After an independent and in-depth review of the evidence, we cannot prove that he did," Bell said</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+again+decline+to+charge+police+officer+who+shot+Michael+Brown+six+years+ago&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-07-30%2Fprosecutor-no-charges-for-officer-in-michael-browns-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Romero2020" class="citation news cs1">Dennis Romero (July 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/no-charges-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-after-n1235382">"No charges for officer who shot Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, after follow-up probe"</a>. 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Retrieved August 1, 2020. <q>the latest review of the case was kept secret, Bell said</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=No+charges+for+officer+who+shot+Michael+Brown+in+Ferguson%2C+Missouri%2C+after+follow-up+probe&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft.au=Dennis+Romero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fno-charges-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-after-n1235382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/30/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-darren-wilson-not-charged">"Michael Brown shooting: Officer will not be charged, top prosecutor says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 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Retrieved September 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Michael+Brown+and+Dorian+Johnson%2C+the+friend+who+witnessed+his+shooting&rft.date=2014-08-31&rft.aulast=Lowery&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.au=Fears%2C+Darryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting%2F2014%2F08%2F31%2Fbb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-County.Autopsy-95"><a href="#cite_ref-County.Autopsy_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591/2014-5143-autopsy-report.pdf">"Brown, Michael — Post Mortem Examination — Exam Case:2014–5143"</a> (PDF-15.3 MB-6 pages). 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423053735/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/23/us/ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Michael+Brown+family+files+lawsuit%2C+seeks+at+least+%2475%2C000+in+Ferguson+case&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Eliott+C.&rft.au=Payne%2C+Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F04%2F23%2Fus%2Fferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes.Petition-268"><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes.Petition_268-0">^</a> Lawsuit petition in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/">"Michael Brown's family files civil lawsuit against Ferguson"</a>. Los Angeles Times. April 23, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425112457/http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Brown%27s+family+files+civil+lawsuit+against+Ferguson&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.latimes.com%2Fmichael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> See PRAYER FOR RELIEF on pp. 42–43 of petition. </li> <li id="cite_note-STLToday.BrownFederal-269"><a href="#cite_ref-STLToday.BrownFederal_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2015" class="citation news cs1">Hahn, Valerie Schremp (May 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html">"Michael Brown wrongful death lawsuit removed to federal court"</a>. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315193234/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2017. 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Retrieved October 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bookseller&rft.atitle=Kennard%2C+Femi+and+Sealey+win+Forward+Prizes+for+Poetry&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.aulast=Bayley&rft.aufirst=Sian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebookseller.com%2Fnews%2Fkennard-femi-and-sealey-win-forward-prizes-poetry-1285717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilling+of+Michael+Brown" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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title="commons:Category:Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Department_of_Justice_Report_Regarding_the_Criminal_Investigation_into_the_Shooting_Death_of_Michael_Brown_by_Ferguson,_Missouri_Police_Officer_Darren_Wilson" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson">Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fox2now.com/2014/08/15/raw-video-surveillance-video-believed-to-show-michael-brown-robbing-convenience-store/">Surveillance video that police contend shows Michael Brown robbing a convenience store.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083526/http://fox2now.com/2014/08/15/raw-video-surveillance-video-believed-to-show-michael-brown-robbing-convenience-store/">Archived</a> August 19, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/national/ferguson-police-department-incident-report-on-aug-9-robbery/1256/">Police Department incident report of contemporaneous convenience store robbery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216103116/http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/national/ferguson-police-department-incident-report-on-aug-9-robbery/1256/">Archived</a> February 16, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XJ1Kh1CTB8">Chief of Ferguson Police Press Conference August 15, 2014</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/11/us/ferguson-grand-jury-docs/index.html">Documents from the Ferguson grand jury</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/the-testimony-the-grand-jury-heard-in-the-michael-brown/html_47d95368-a8f2-5ae1-9173-6653c15d0f0e.html">Labelled grand jury testimony documents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/video/?322925-1/ferguson-missouri-grand-jury-decision-announcement">Video of statement at end of grand jury along with press conference</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/statement-of-st-louis-prosecuting-attorney-robert-p-mcculloch/article_2becfef3-9b4b-5e1e-9043-f586f389ef91.html">transcript of statement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/04/us/doj-report-on-shooting-of-michael-brown.html">DOJ investigation report into shooting</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/">Michael Brown's family's civil lawsuit against Ferguson</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ferguson_unrest128" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Template talk:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_Ferguson_unrest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 Ferguson unrest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ferguson_unrest128" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">Shooting of Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson,_Missouri" title="Ferguson, Missouri">Ferguson, Missouri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Police_Department_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)">Ferguson Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Guard" title="Missouri National Guard">Missouri National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Attorney_General" title="Missouri Attorney General">Missouri Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Highway_Patrol" title="Missouri State Highway Patrol">Missouri State Highway Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County_Police_Department" title="St. Louis County Police Department">St. Louis County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles County Police Department">St. Charles County Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="The White House">The White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Public_Safety" title="Missouri Department of Public Safety">Missouri Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department,_City_of_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis">St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Chappelle-Nadal" title="Maria Chappelle-Nadal">Maria Chappelle-Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Clay" title="Lacy Clay">Lacy Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Dooley" title="Charlie Dooley">Charlie Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyle_Sam_Dotson_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle Sam Dotson III">Doyle Sam Dotson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hayden_Jr." title="John Hayden Jr.">John Hayden Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Isom" title="Daniel Isom">Daniel Isom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Knowles_III" title="James Knowles III">James Knowles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Koster" title="Chris Koster">Chris Koster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McCulloch_(prosecutor)" title="Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)">Bob McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon">Jay Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Slay" title="Francis Slay">Francis Slay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stenger" title="Steve Stenger">Steve Stenger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protest organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Action" title="Ferguson Action">Ferguson Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_Up_United" title="Hands Up United">Hands Up United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Municipal_Public_Library" title="Ferguson Municipal Public Library">Ferguson Municipal Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Lives_Matter454" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Robert_Brooks" title="Killing of Robert Brooks">Robert Brooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_Michael_Brown&oldid=1273304561">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_Michael_Brown&oldid=1273304561</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Category:Killing of Michael Brown">Killing of Michael Brown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_controversies_in_the_United_States" 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99.805 21 Template:R/superscript"," 3.25% 96.463 17 Template:Rp"," 3.25% 96.284 1 Template:Infobox_event"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.938","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14323919,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAhmed2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlcindor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlcindorBello2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlcindorBelloMadhani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllenConnor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlter2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAltman2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson_Cooper_3602014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFApuzzo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalzClement2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarajas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrabi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasuYanFord2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelloToppoEisler2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBermanLowery2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorgmanSpurlock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosmanGoldstein2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosmanRobertsonEckholmOppel_Jr.2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBotelhoShoichet2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBranca2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowning2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruinius2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByers2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFByersCurrier2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCBS/AP2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCBS_staffAP2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCase2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasselman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCelonaCohenSchramJamieson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChuck2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarkeCastillo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman,_Christina2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoscarelli2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuadraGamioKellyHigham2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurryGhebremedhin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavey,_Monica2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavey2014\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeere2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennis_Romero2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuara2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEckholmApuzzo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEligon,_John2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllisToddKarimi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFantzHowellShoichet2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFazal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenske2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreivogel2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGeidner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerman_Lopez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbons-Neff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiorgis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold,_Ashley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGood2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGotrich2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHahn2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHalpern,_Jake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalpern2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamblin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamburgerSullivan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHampel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanna2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannaPerezProkupecz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanrahan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisPettersson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHausam2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHennessy-FiskePearceSusman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHennessy-FiskeSerrano2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeye2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuMontagne2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunnBell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_L._Riley2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJauregui2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerde2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJervis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonAlcindor2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarklisChow2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeating2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiekow2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKindy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKosnar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarotondaGood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaughland2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeRothTimm2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonnig,_Carol_D.2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonnigKindyAchenbach2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevineThomasClohertyDate2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebMohr2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLind2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowery2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoweryFears2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLoweryFrankel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoweryLeonnigBerman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLussenhop2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLussenhop2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackey2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakinen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargolies2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkonHamburger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermott2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlin2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlinPayne2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlinPearsonCapelouto2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcSpadden2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMejia2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohrLieb2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohrLiebLucas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosendz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuellerBaker2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphey2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicks2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParks2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParloff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatterson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearce2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearceHennessy-FiskeSusman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeralta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhelpsMuskal2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiper2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPistorHolleman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowers,_Ann2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQueally2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFQueallyLa_Ganga2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaab2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed,_Carey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReyes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_Valdmanis2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobles2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoblesBosman2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRoblesSchmidt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoig-FranziaBrownLowery2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchabner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtApuzzoBosman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSealey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoichetBrumfieldSmith2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSickles2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilver2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomashekharRichBrittain2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorkin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_and_wire_reports2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_reports2014\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuhr2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSwift2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTacopino2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaub2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylorNoack2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_America_Tonight_Digital_Team2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorsenGiegerich2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToobin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTribune_wire_reports2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrumbull2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUSDOJ2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVegaWilliamsEckholm2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVictor2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVon_Drehle2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallisMcAllister2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaltersSwaine2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWax-ThibodeauxLoweryBerman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingarten2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWemple2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoolf2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYan2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFYaniv2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZagier2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZagier2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZucchino2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"2014 Ferguson unrest\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Black Lives Matter\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 240,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 37,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 11,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Michael\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox event\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox people\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 81,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 9,\n [\"Rp\"] = 17,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use list-defined references\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikidatacoord\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","380","18.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","240","11.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","10.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","140","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","5.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","4.0"],["[others]","420","20.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7cf7cb559d-kk4hl","timestamp":"20250221173313","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Killing of Michael 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