"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance": Vol. 16

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</div> </header> <main role="main" class="main-content" id="mainContent" tabindex="0"> <div class="ml-0 w-100 bg-white"> <div id="breadcrumbs" class="container"> <div class="row ml-0" id="breadcrumbs-container"> <breadcrumbs root="/insight/" crumbs="[["Books","\/sitemap\/publications#books"],["Advances in International Management","\/publication\/acronym\/AIMNEW"],["\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\", Volume 16",""]]"> </breadcrumbs> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container content_block"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-12 col-md-9"> <header> <div class="d-flex"> <h1 class="intent_book_title"> "Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance":<span class="suffix d-block"> Volume 16</span> </h1> </div> <div class="row d-md-none"> <div class="col-12 d-flex justify-content-center"> <img src="/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/book/10.1016/S1571-5027(2004)16/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:S1571-5027_2004_16.largecover.gif" alt="Cover of "Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"" class="intent_book_img img-fluid img-cover"/> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex medium mt-2"> <span class="intent_subjects mr-2">Subject:</span> <publication-categories :publication-categories="[[{"id":"cat-MSOP","name":"Management science & operations"},{"id":"cat-MSO","name":"Management science\/operations research"},{"id":"cat-OR","name":"Operational research"}]]" browse-url="/insight/browse/publications"></publication-categories> </div> </header> <div class="mt-3"> <h2 class="intent_book_chapters_header h3 d-inline-block">Table of contents</h2> <span>(14 chapters)</span> <search-select-all page-items="[{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16013-7","title_text":"List of Contributors","title_html":"List of Contributors","section":[{"title":"","text":""}],"contributors":[],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16013-7","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":false,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16013-7\/pdf","pdf_size":"13182","pdf_size_as_string":"(13 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"VII","last_page":"VIII","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16013-7","usage_count":"390","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16013-7","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[],"volume":"16","title":"List of Contributors","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"VII","endPage":"VIII","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16003-4","title_text":"YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT","title_html":"YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>My first exposure to Yves Doz\u2019s work was his book <em>Strategic Management in Multinational Companies<\/em> (<a href=\"#BIB5\" class=\"text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr\" data-target=\"BIB5\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Doz, 1986<\/a>). In 1988, I was in the first year of my Ph.D. program and was deep inside research methods, statistics, and special fields courses. I received an unsolicited copy of Yves\u2019 book from the publisher. I was not familiar with his work and compared with much of the \u201cnormal science\/positivist\u201d research I was reading, this book was significantly different. In the introduction, Yves wrote that he \u201ctried to avoid theoretical abstractions and the complex language that provides only the trappings of objectivity and not the essence of it\u201d (<a href=\"#BIB5\" class=\"text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr\" data-target=\"BIB5\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Doz, 1986<\/a>, p. 10). He also said that for students of the MNC, his objective was to \u201cintegrate several theories into a managerial understanding of the multinational company.\u201d<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Andrew C Inkpen"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16003-4","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16003-4\/pdf","pdf_size":"57144","pdf_size_as_string":"(56 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"43","last_page":"52","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16003-4","usage_count":"311","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16003-4","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Andrew C","surname":"Inkpen"}}],"volume":"16","title":"YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16002-2","title_text":"MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?","title_html":"MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>An assumption underlying the concept of the metanational is that the necessary knowledge, ideas, and assets for creating new business opportunities are spread across the world. Most firms, even those that are multinational in scope, are not highly effective at accessing or making use of globally dispersed knowledge because they are deeply embedded in their home market, and their overseas subsidiaries (for the most part) act on the orders of their parent company rather than taking autonomous action.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Julian Birkinshaw","Niklas Arvidsson"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16002-2","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16002-2\/pdf","pdf_size":"72515","pdf_size_as_string":"(71 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"31","last_page":"41","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16002-2","usage_count":"325","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16002-2","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Julian","surname":"Birkinshaw"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Niklas","surname":"Arvidsson"}}],"volume":"16","title":"MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"31","endPage":"41","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16014-9","title_text":"PREFACE","title_html":"PREFACE","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>The early research on multinational enterprises usually relied on traditional economic theory or relatively simple, but powerful, theories developed in the field of international business. They were developed to help us understand why firms entered international markets (e.g. Dunning\u2019s eclectic theory). However, as the field of international management (and international business) has developed further, with more scholars from adjacent disciplines conducting research on issues of importance to international markets and multinational firms, newer, more diverse and complex theoretical perspectives have been developed and diffused. The purpose of this volume is to explore some of these important and newer theoretical perspectives. For example, herein, we examine the recent theoretical work on the metanational that emphasizes knowledge-sharing among subsidiaries on a global basis. We also explore theoretical issues related to international entrepreneurship, a new, important, and growing perspective in the field of international management. Additionally, we include work focused on the liabilities of foreignness and other critical issues in the management of multinational enterprises. As such, we believe that this volume provides a basis for future research on the multinational enterprise, and we hope that the work contained herein serves as a catalyst for such research using the different theoretical perspectives examined herein.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Michael A Hitt","Joseph L.C Cheng"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16014-9","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":false,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16014-9\/pdf","pdf_size":"17664","pdf_size_as_string":"(17 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"IX","last_page":"XI","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16014-9","usage_count":"267","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16014-9","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C","surname":"Cheng"}}],"volume":"16","title":"PREFACE","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"IX","endPage":"XI","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16012-5","title_text":"Contents","title_html":"Contents","section":[{"title":"","text":""}],"contributors":[],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16012-5","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":false,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16012-5\/pdf","pdf_size":"14138","pdf_size_as_string":"(14 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"V","last_page":"VI","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16012-5","usage_count":"323","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16012-5","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[],"volume":"16","title":"Contents","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"V","endPage":"VI","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16001-0","title_text":"TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC","title_html":"TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>This introductory chapter presents a personal perspective on the challenges of building a managerial theory of the multinational corporation (MNC). By managerial theory, I mean a practice theory (Van de Ven &amp; Johnson, in press); i.e. a theory that draws upon discipline-based knowledge to show how more general abstract conceptual analysis can be brought to bear on specific real-life managerial problems (<a href=\"#BIB76\" class=\"text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr\" data-target=\"BIB76\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Simon, 1996<\/a>). Developing such a managerial theory is fraught with challenges and pitfalls. Such a theory has to provide a conceptual link between academic disciplines (traditional science or at least academic research) and practical knowledge (learning from action). Each follows very different theory building rules (Christensen et al., 2002; Cook &amp; Brown, 1999;Van de Ven &amp; Johnson, in press), and yet a managerial theory needs to incorporate both. It needs to be useful in the context of an evolving phenomenon: Today\u2019s global companies neither carry the same activities nor draw their legitimacy or competitive advantage from the same sources as yesterday\u2019s multinationals. A theory that attempts to bring theoretical disciplines to bear on practice also needs to be multidisciplinary and eclectic. Thus, there are three challenges addressed in this chapter.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Yves L Doz"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16001-0","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16001-0\/pdf","pdf_size":"159410","pdf_size_as_string":"(156 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"3","last_page":"30","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16001-0","usage_count":"816","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16001-0","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Yves L","surname":"Doz"}}],"volume":"16","title":"TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"3","endPage":"30","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16006-X","title_text":"THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM","title_html":"THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>The traditional view of the multinational firm, from the early analyses in the 1960s and early 1970s, is one of a large industrial company with operations in multiple countries and a centralized chain of command. By definition, a multinational firm has activities in more than two countries. Although this simple definition is not widely used, it is a reasonable baseline from which to begin thinking about such firms. If the firm has sales operations in multiple countries, production in multiple countries, or some other permutation of international business activities physically present in multiple countries, then it is multinational.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Robert Grosse"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16006-X","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16006-X\/pdf","pdf_size":"198034","pdf_size_as_string":"(193 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"83","last_page":"97","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16006-X","usage_count":"2029","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16006-X","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Robert","surname":"Grosse"}}],"volume":"16","title":"THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16005-8","title_text":"NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY","title_html":"NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>Firms competing in national contexts other than their own suffer from \u201cthe liability of foreignness\u201d (<a href=\"#BIB18\" class=\"text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr\" data-target=\"BIB18\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Zaheer, 1995<\/a>). This liability stems from their lack of in-depth knowledge relating to economic, cultural, social, and political factors that influence the operating environment in these countries. Without such knowledge, firms will incur greater risks than local firms who have detailed understanding of these factors, or other firms with more experience in such environments, thereby putting them at a competitive disadvantage. To compensate, firms expanding internationally need to develop, leverage, and deploy capabilities that provide them with advantages unavailable to their local competitors. For this reason, national context has been the foundation on which past theoretical treatments of the MNE rested, greatly influencing the formulation of international strategy.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Mona Makhija","Oded Shenkar"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16005-8","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16005-8\/pdf","pdf_size":"78901","pdf_size_as_string":"(77 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"67","last_page":"82","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16005-8","usage_count":"316","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16005-8","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Mona","surname":"Makhija"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Oded","surname":"Shenkar"}}],"volume":"16","title":"NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16009-5","title_text":"THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL","title_html":"THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>Yves Doz, Jose Santos, and Peter Williamson\u2019s (2001) book about metanational processes emphasizes entrepreneurial behavior and briefly considers what they call metanational upstarts. We extend their exploration in this article through our focus on the rapid internationalization of new ventures. We present a multilevel model of new venture internationalization that highlights the importance of managing risk. The model specifies relationships between the general environment and venture entrepreneurs that are mediated by industry conditions, and relationships between industry conditions and the venture that are mediated by the decisions and actions of entrepreneurs. Complex interactions and simultaneous relationships are described among the entrepreneurs, the venture, and venture internationalization.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Benjamin M Oviatt","Rodney C Shrader","Patricia P McDougall"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16009-5","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16009-5\/pdf","pdf_size":"190276","pdf_size_as_string":"(186 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"165","last_page":"185","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16009-5","usage_count":"994","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16009-5","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Benjamin M","surname":"Oviatt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Rodney C","surname":"Shrader"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Patricia P","surname":"McDougall"}}],"volume":"16","title":"THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"165","endPage":"185","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16011-3","title_text":"EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL","title_html":"EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>Few studies have explored how multinational firms (MNCs) use their experience when expanding abroad. According to the \u201cknowledge projection\u201d model of the MNC, appropriately disseminating industry experience, country experience and mode experience can a priori increase the chances of success of new subsidiaries. However, with inconsistent findings, prior research is of limited assistance in understanding this relationship. We argue that this situation can be explained by a focus on firm\u2019s potential for experience accumulation, rather than on the actual transfer of experience. Deploying expatriate managers enable MNCs to apply organizational experience in foreign markets. It should also have an impact on foreign subsidiary\u2019s chances of success and survival. Therefore, this paper examines how the use of expatriates to transfer experience can affect subsidiary survival.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Philippe Very","Louis H&#xE9;bert","Paul W Beamish"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16011-3","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16011-3\/pdf","pdf_size":"160274","pdf_size_as_string":"(157 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"223","last_page":"254","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16011-3","usage_count":"460","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16011-3","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Philippe","surname":"Very"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Louis","surname":"H\u00e9bert"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Paul W","surname":"Beamish"}}],"volume":"16","title":"EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"223","endPage":"254","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16004-6","title_text":"STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET","title_html":"STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>Before I comment on the substance of the paper offered by Professor Yves Doz in this issue, I believe that a few comments on the author are appropriate, since this issue celebrates him as a distinguished scholar in international management. The importance of Yves to the development of international strategic management is evident in his discussion of the evolution of the theory of the MNC. The study of the interaction of international economics and management studies that has resulted in modern concepts of the multinational corporation is, to a significant degree, the consequence of his own work. The paper offered in this volume is a natural development from his stream of work and in many ways reflects the patterns that have made Professor Doz such an important scholar. As a management scholar, he is embedded in the tradition that he calls the phenomenon-driven approach to the MNC, and the distinct characteristic of most of his work is its grounding in the real world of organizations. However, the models with which he is most associated also display solid theoretical bases, removing them from the realm of small sample, case-based, observational empiricism, and providing the resonance for other studies that have made them classic. As one example, the Integration\u2013Responsiveness model (<a href=\"#BIB11\" class=\"text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr\" data-target=\"BIB11\" alt=\"\" title=\"\">Doz et al., 1981<\/a>) is closely tied to observation of the strategies used by firms in different industries to pursue international markets. However, it also incorporates Industrial Organization theory to establish how the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm plays out in the international realm.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Stephen Tallman"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16004-6","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16004-6\/pdf","pdf_size":"81787","pdf_size_as_string":"(80 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"53","last_page":"64","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16004-6","usage_count":"397","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16004-6","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Stephen","surname":"Tallman"}}],"volume":"16","title":"STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16008-3","title_text":"A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES","title_html":"A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>Prior research on international diversification has focused primarily on multinational enterprises (MNEs) from developed economies, such as the U.S. and other developed nations. As an increasing number of MNEs are now located in emerging economies, new theoretical frameworks are needed to better understand the motivations of these MNEs to diversify internationally. This paper contributes to the theory development of MNEs by examining the characteristics of international diversification by business groups from emerging economies. Using the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and organizational learning theory, we suggest that the international diversification motives of business groups from emerging economies vary by host country context. Business groups from emerging economies are more likely to enter developed economies (rather than other emerging economies) when their primary aim is exploring new resources and capabilities, and more likely to enter other emerging economies (rather than developed economies) when their primary aim is to exploit existing group resources and capabilities. We also suggest that these motives influence business-group performance. We identify two important moderators of these relationships: product diversification and social capital. Because of the importance of the business-group organizational form in emerging economies, understanding business-group international diversification may lead to improved MNE theory.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Robert E Hoskisson","Heechun Kim","Robert E White","Laszlo Tihanyi"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16008-3","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16008-3\/pdf","pdf_size":"159062","pdf_size_as_string":"(155 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"137","last_page":"163","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16008-3","usage_count":"850","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16008-3","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Robert E","surname":"Hoskisson"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Heechun","surname":"Kim"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Robert E","surname":"White"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Laszlo","surname":"Tihanyi"}}],"volume":"16","title":"A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"137","endPage":"163","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16010-1","title_text":"DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY","title_html":"DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>The costs of doing business abroad (CDBA) is a well-known concept in the international business literature, measuring the disadvantages or additional costs borne by multinational enterprises (MNEs) that are not borne by local firms in a host country. Recently, international management scholars have introduced a second concept, liability of foreignness (LOF). There is confusion in the two literatures as to the relationship between CBDA and LOF, as evidenced in a recent special issue on liability of foreignness (Journal of International Management, 2002). We argue that LOF stresses the social costs of doing business abroad, whereas CDBA includes both economic and social costs. The social costs arise from the unfamiliarity, relational, and discriminatory hazards that foreign firms face over and above those faced by local firms in the host country. Because the economic costs are well understood and can be anticipated, LOF becomes the core strategic issue for MNE managers. We argue that the key driver behind LOF is the institutional distance (cognitive, normative, and regulatory) between the home and host countries, and explore the ways in which institutional distance can affect LOF. We operationalize our arguments by showing how institutional distance and liability of foreignness can provide an alternative explanation for the MNE\u2019s ownership strategy when going abroad.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Lorraine Eden","Stewart R Miller"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16010-1","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16010-1\/pdf","pdf_size":"235494","pdf_size_as_string":"(230 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"187","last_page":"221","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16010-1","usage_count":"6499","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16010-1","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Lorraine","surname":"Eden"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Stewart R","surname":"Miller"}}],"volume":"16","title":"DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"187","endPage":"221","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}},{"result":{"identifier":"urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:article:10_1016_S0747-7929(04)16007-1","title_text":"THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES","title_html":"THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES","section":[{"title":"","text":"<p>The increasing pace of global competition has recast the balance between multinational corporations\u2019 (MNCs\u2019) needs to protect the knowledge that underlies their competitive advantages and their needs to continually create new knowledge. This essay will discuss MNCs\u2019 knowledge-seeking strategies as industry-level phenomena. I will argue that knowledge-seeking strategies demand a concept of industries both as arenas for competition and as global knowledge networks within which firms collaborate to innovate. Contemporary MNCs face challenges to function not only as self-contained production systems that internationalize in the search for efficiency and markets, but also as open systems globally seeking knowledge and innovations. Metanational strategies and organizations represent a new response to these challenges. I present empirical evidence of distinctive metanational industry opportunities and organizational responses from the emergence of the global flat panel display industry. The essay concludes with a framework that outlines the characteristics of a global knowledge-driven generic strategy as an alternative and synthesis of generic product-driven strategies of cost-leadership and differentiation.<\/p>"}],"contributors":["Thomas P Murtha"],"pub_date":"9 November 2004","year":"2004","link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16007-1","snippets":[],"content_type":"book-part","content_type_name":"Book part","isResearchContent":true,"keywords":[],"publisher_name":null,"hasTeachingNotes":"false","pdf_link":"\/content\/doi\/10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16007-1\/pdf","pdf_size":"182728","pdf_size_as_string":"(178 KB)","epub_link":null,"epub_size":null,"epub_size_as_string":"(0 KB)","access_status":"accessDenied","rightslink":"true","first_page":"101","last_page":"136","open_access":false,"free_access":false,"oxan_content":false,"oxan_location":null,"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16007-1","usage_count":"433","journal_title":null,"journal_issn":null,"journal_print_issn":null,"journal_online_issn":null,"journal_doi":null,"journal_acronym":null,"volume_number":null,"volume_title":null,"issue_number":null,"issue_title":null,"book_title":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","book_isbn":"978-1-84950-285-6","book_doi":"10.1016\/S1571-5027(2004)16","series_title":"","series_issn":"1571-5027","series_acronym":"aimnew","ris":{"doi":"10.1016\/S0747-7929(04)16007-1","editors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Michael A.","surname":"Hitt"}},{"name":{"given_names":"Joseph L.C.","surname":"Cheng"}}],"authors":[{"name":{"given_names":"Thomas P","surname":"Murtha"}}],"volume":"16","title":"THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES","title2":"\"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance\"","title3":"Advances in International Management","pubYear":"2004","startPage":"101","endPage":"136","publisher":"Emerald Group Publishing Limited"}}}]" root="/insight/"> </search-select-all> <div id="chapter-list" class="pt-3 accordion search_results__list" v-cloak> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-0" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-0"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for Contents." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">Contents</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages V-VI</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for Contents." aria-label="View access options for Contents."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-0" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> (2004), "Contents", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. V-VI. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for Contents." aria-label="Go to HTML page for Contents." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5/full/pdf?title=contents" title="Download PDF (14 KB) for Contents." aria-label="Download PDF (14 KB) for Contents" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (14 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16012-5"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-1" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-1"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for List of Contributors." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">List of Contributors</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages VII-VIII</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for List of Contributors." aria-label="View access options for List of Contributors."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-1" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> (2004), "List of Contributors", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. VII-VIII. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for List of Contributors." aria-label="Go to HTML page for List of Contributors." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7/full/pdf?title=list-of-contributors" title="Download PDF (13 KB) for List of Contributors." aria-label="Download PDF (13 KB) for List of Contributors" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (13 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16013-7"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-2" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-2"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for PREFACE." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">PREFACE</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages IX-XI</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for PREFACE." aria-label="View access options for PREFACE."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-2" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>The early research on multinational enterprises usually relied on traditional economic theory or relatively simple, but powerful, theories developed in the field of international business. They were developed to help us understand why firms entered international markets (e.g. Dunning’s eclectic theory). However, as the field of international management (and international business) has developed further, with more scholars from adjacent disciplines conducting research on issues of importance to international markets and multinational firms, newer, more diverse and complex theoretical perspectives have been developed and diffused. The purpose of this volume is to explore some of these important and newer theoretical perspectives. For example, herein, we examine the recent theoretical work on the metanational that emphasizes knowledge-sharing among subsidiaries on a global basis. We also explore theoretical issues related to international entrepreneurship, a new, important, and growing perspective in the field of international management. Additionally, we include work focused on the liabilities of foreignness and other critical issues in the management of multinational enterprises. As such, we believe that this volume provides a basis for future research on the multinational enterprise, and we hope that the work contained herein serves as a catalyst for such research using the different theoretical perspectives examined herein.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A Hitt" title="Michael A Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C Cheng" title="Joseph L.C Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (2004), "PREFACE", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. IX-XI. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for PREFACE." aria-label="Go to HTML page for PREFACE." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9/full/pdf?title=preface" title="Download PDF (17 KB) for PREFACE." aria-label="Download PDF (17 KB) for PREFACE" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (17 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16014-9"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-3" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-3"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 3-30</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC." aria-label="View access options for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-3" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>This introductory chapter presents a personal perspective on the challenges of building a managerial theory of the multinational corporation (MNC). By managerial theory, I mean a practice theory (Van de Ven & Johnson, in press); i.e. a theory that draws upon discipline-based knowledge to show how more general abstract conceptual analysis can be brought to bear on specific real-life managerial problems (<a href="#BIB76" class="text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr" data-target="BIB76" alt="" title="">Simon, 1996</a>). Developing such a managerial theory is fraught with challenges and pitfalls. Such a theory has to provide a conceptual link between academic disciplines (traditional science or at least academic research) and practical knowledge (learning from action). Each follows very different theory building rules (Christensen et al., 2002; Cook & Brown, 1999;Van de Ven & Johnson, in press), and yet a managerial theory needs to incorporate both. It needs to be useful in the context of an evolving phenomenon: Today’s global companies neither carry the same activities nor draw their legitimacy or competitive advantage from the same sources as yesterday’s multinationals. A theory that attempts to bring theoretical disciplines to bear on practice also needs to be multidisciplinary and eclectic. Thus, there are three challenges addressed in this chapter.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Yves L Doz" title="Yves L Doz" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Doz, Y.L.</a> (2004), "TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 3-30. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC." aria-label="Go to HTML page for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0/full/pdf?title=toward-a-managerial-theory-of-the-mnc" title="Download PDF (156 KB) for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC." aria-label="Download PDF (156 KB) for TOWARD A MANAGERIAL THEORY OF THE MNC" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (156 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16001-0"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-4" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-4"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 31-41</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?." aria-label="View access options for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-4" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>An assumption underlying the concept of the metanational is that the necessary knowledge, ideas, and assets for creating new business opportunities are spread across the world. Most firms, even those that are multinational in scope, are not highly effective at accessing or making use of globally dispersed knowledge because they are deeply embedded in their home market, and their overseas subsidiaries (for the most part) act on the orders of their parent company rather than taking autonomous action.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Julian Birkinshaw" title="Julian Birkinshaw" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Birkinshaw, J.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Niklas Arvidsson" title="Niklas Arvidsson" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Arvidsson, N.</a> (2004), "MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 31-41. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?." aria-label="Go to HTML page for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2/full/pdf?title=making-sense-of-the-metanational-does-the-firm-really-know-what-it-knows" title="Download PDF (71 KB) for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?." aria-label="Download PDF (71 KB) for MAKING SENSE OF THE METANATIONAL: DOES THE FIRM REALLY KNOW WHAT IT KNOWS?" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (71 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16002-2"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-5" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-5"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 43-52</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." aria-label="View access options for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-5" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>My first exposure to Yves Doz’s work was his book <em>Strategic Management in Multinational Companies</em> (<a href="#BIB5" class="text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr" data-target="BIB5" alt="" title="">Doz, 1986</a>). In 1988, I was in the first year of my Ph.D. program and was deep inside research methods, statistics, and special fields courses. I received an unsolicited copy of Yves’ book from the publisher. I was not familiar with his work and compared with much of the “normal science/positivist” research I was reading, this book was significantly different. In the introduction, Yves wrote that he “tried to avoid theoretical abstractions and the complex language that provides only the trappings of objectivity and not the essence of it” (<a href="#BIB5" class="text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr" data-target="BIB5" alt="" title="">Doz, 1986</a>, p. 10). He also said that for students of the MNC, his objective was to “integrate several theories into a managerial understanding of the multinational company.”</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Andrew C Inkpen" title="Andrew C Inkpen" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Inkpen, A.C.</a> (2004), "YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 43-52. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." aria-label="Go to HTML page for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4/full/pdf?title=yves-doz-and-international-management" title="Download PDF (56 KB) for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT." aria-label="Download PDF (56 KB) for YVES DOZ AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (56 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16003-4"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-6" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-6" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-6"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 53-64</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET." aria-label="View access options for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-6" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>Before I comment on the substance of the paper offered by Professor Yves Doz in this issue, I believe that a few comments on the author are appropriate, since this issue celebrates him as a distinguished scholar in international management. The importance of Yves to the development of international strategic management is evident in his discussion of the evolution of the theory of the MNC. The study of the interaction of international economics and management studies that has resulted in modern concepts of the multinational corporation is, to a significant degree, the consequence of his own work. The paper offered in this volume is a natural development from his stream of work and in many ways reflects the patterns that have made Professor Doz such an important scholar. As a management scholar, he is embedded in the tradition that he calls the phenomenon-driven approach to the MNC, and the distinct characteristic of most of his work is its grounding in the real world of organizations. However, the models with which he is most associated also display solid theoretical bases, removing them from the realm of small sample, case-based, observational empiricism, and providing the resonance for other studies that have made them classic. As one example, the Integration–Responsiveness model (<a href="#BIB11" class="text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr" data-target="BIB11" alt="" title="">Doz et al., 1981</a>) is closely tied to observation of the strategies used by firms in different industries to pursue international markets. However, it also incorporates Industrial Organization theory to establish how the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm plays out in the international realm.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Stephen Tallman" title="Stephen Tallman" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Tallman, S.</a> (2004), "STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 53-64. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET." aria-label="Go to HTML page for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6/full/pdf?title=strategic-management-and-the-role-of-the-mnc-in-a-post-industrial-world-market" title="Download PDF (80 KB) for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET." aria-label="Download PDF (80 KB) for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE MNC IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL WORLD MARKET" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (80 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16004-6"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-7" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-7" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-7"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 67-82</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY." aria-label="View access options for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-7" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>Firms competing in national contexts other than their own suffer from “the liability of foreignness” (<a href="#BIB18" class="text-link scroll_to Link intent_bibliographic_link Link__bibr" data-target="BIB18" alt="" title="">Zaheer, 1995</a>). This liability stems from their lack of in-depth knowledge relating to economic, cultural, social, and political factors that influence the operating environment in these countries. Without such knowledge, firms will incur greater risks than local firms who have detailed understanding of these factors, or other firms with more experience in such environments, thereby putting them at a competitive disadvantage. To compensate, firms expanding internationally need to develop, leverage, and deploy capabilities that provide them with advantages unavailable to their local competitors. For this reason, national context has been the foundation on which past theoretical treatments of the MNE rested, greatly influencing the formulation of international strategy.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Mona Makhija" title="Mona Makhija" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Makhija, M.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Oded Shenkar" title="Oded Shenkar" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Shenkar, O.</a> (2004), "NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 67-82. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY." aria-label="Go to HTML page for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8/full/pdf?title=national-context-and-the-metanational-perspective-in-international-strategy" title="Download PDF (77 KB) for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY." aria-label="Download PDF (77 KB) for NATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE METANATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (77 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16005-8"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-8" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-8" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-8"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 83-97</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM." aria-label="View access options for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-8" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>The traditional view of the multinational firm, from the early analyses in the 1960s and early 1970s, is one of a large industrial company with operations in multiple countries and a centralized chain of command. By definition, a multinational firm has activities in more than two countries. Although this simple definition is not widely used, it is a reasonable baseline from which to begin thinking about such firms. If the firm has sales operations in multiple countries, production in multiple countries, or some other permutation of international business activities physically present in multiple countries, then it is multinational.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Robert Grosse" title="Robert Grosse" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Grosse, R.</a> (2004), "THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 83-97. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM." aria-label="Go to HTML page for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X/full/pdf?title=the-theory-of-the-multinational-firm" title="Download PDF (193 KB) for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM." aria-label="Download PDF (193 KB) for THE THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (193 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16006-X"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-9" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-9" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-9"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 101-136</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES." aria-label="View access options for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-9" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>The increasing pace of global competition has recast the balance between multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) needs to protect the knowledge that underlies their competitive advantages and their needs to continually create new knowledge. This essay will discuss MNCs’ knowledge-seeking strategies as industry-level phenomena. I will argue that knowledge-seeking strategies demand a concept of industries both as arenas for competition and as global knowledge networks within which firms collaborate to innovate. Contemporary MNCs face challenges to function not only as self-contained production systems that internationalize in the search for efficiency and markets, but also as open systems globally seeking knowledge and innovations. Metanational strategies and organizations represent a new response to these challenges. I present empirical evidence of distinctive metanational industry opportunities and organizational responses from the emergence of the global flat panel display industry. The essay concludes with a framework that outlines the characteristics of a global knowledge-driven generic strategy as an alternative and synthesis of generic product-driven strategies of cost-leadership and differentiation.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Thomas P Murtha" title="Thomas P Murtha" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Murtha, T.P.</a> (2004), "THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 101-136. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES." aria-label="Go to HTML page for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1/full/pdf?title=the-metanational-firm-in-context-competition-in-knowledge-driven-industries" title="Download PDF (178 KB) for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES." aria-label="Download PDF (178 KB) for THE METANATIONAL FIRM IN CONTEXT: COMPETITION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN INDUSTRIES" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (178 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16007-1"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-10" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-10" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-10"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 137-163</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES." aria-label="View access options for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-10" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>Prior research on international diversification has focused primarily on multinational enterprises (MNEs) from developed economies, such as the U.S. and other developed nations. As an increasing number of MNEs are now located in emerging economies, new theoretical frameworks are needed to better understand the motivations of these MNEs to diversify internationally. This paper contributes to the theory development of MNEs by examining the characteristics of international diversification by business groups from emerging economies. Using the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and organizational learning theory, we suggest that the international diversification motives of business groups from emerging economies vary by host country context. Business groups from emerging economies are more likely to enter developed economies (rather than other emerging economies) when their primary aim is exploring new resources and capabilities, and more likely to enter other emerging economies (rather than developed economies) when their primary aim is to exploit existing group resources and capabilities. We also suggest that these motives influence business-group performance. We identify two important moderators of these relationships: product diversification and social capital. Because of the importance of the business-group organizational form in emerging economies, understanding business-group international diversification may lead to improved MNE theory.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Robert E Hoskisson" title="Robert E Hoskisson" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hoskisson, R.E.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Heechun Kim" title="Heechun Kim" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Kim, H.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Robert E White" title="Robert E White" class="font-weight-light link-dark">White, R.E.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Laszlo Tihanyi" title="Laszlo Tihanyi" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Tihanyi, L.</a> (2004), "A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 137-163. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES." aria-label="Go to HTML page for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3/full/pdf?title=a-framework-for-understanding-international-diversification-by-business-groups-from-emerging-economies" title="Download PDF (155 KB) for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES." aria-label="Download PDF (155 KB) for A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION BY BUSINESS GROUPS FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (155 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16008-3"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-11" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-11" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-11"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 165-185</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL." aria-label="View access options for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-11" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>Yves Doz, Jose Santos, and Peter Williamson’s (2001) book about metanational processes emphasizes entrepreneurial behavior and briefly considers what they call metanational upstarts. We extend their exploration in this article through our focus on the rapid internationalization of new ventures. We present a multilevel model of new venture internationalization that highlights the importance of managing risk. The model specifies relationships between the general environment and venture entrepreneurs that are mediated by industry conditions, and relationships between industry conditions and the venture that are mediated by the decisions and actions of entrepreneurs. Complex interactions and simultaneous relationships are described among the entrepreneurs, the venture, and venture internationalization.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Benjamin M Oviatt" title="Benjamin M Oviatt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Oviatt, B.M.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Rodney C Shrader" title="Rodney C Shrader" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Shrader, R.C.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Patricia P McDougall" title="Patricia P McDougall" class="font-weight-light link-dark">McDougall, P.P.</a> (2004), "THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 165-185. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL." aria-label="Go to HTML page for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5/full/pdf?title=the-internationalization-of-new-ventures-a-risk-management-model" title="Download PDF (186 KB) for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL." aria-label="Download PDF (186 KB) for THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF NEW VENTURES: A RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (186 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-12" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-12" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-12"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 187-221</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY." aria-label="View access options for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-12" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>The costs of doing business abroad (CDBA) is a well-known concept in the international business literature, measuring the disadvantages or additional costs borne by multinational enterprises (MNEs) that are not borne by local firms in a host country. Recently, international management scholars have introduced a second concept, liability of foreignness (LOF). There is confusion in the two literatures as to the relationship between CBDA and LOF, as evidenced in a recent special issue on liability of foreignness (Journal of International Management, 2002). We argue that LOF stresses the social costs of doing business abroad, whereas CDBA includes both economic and social costs. The social costs arise from the unfamiliarity, relational, and discriminatory hazards that foreign firms face over and above those faced by local firms in the host country. Because the economic costs are well understood and can be anticipated, LOF becomes the core strategic issue for MNE managers. We argue that the key driver behind LOF is the institutional distance (cognitive, normative, and regulatory) between the home and host countries, and explore the ways in which institutional distance can affect LOF. We operationalize our arguments by showing how institutional distance and liability of foreignness can provide an alternative explanation for the MNE’s ownership strategy when going abroad.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Lorraine Eden" title="Lorraine Eden" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Eden, L.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Stewart R Miller" title="Stewart R Miller" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Miller, S.R.</a> (2004), "DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 187-221. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY." aria-label="Go to HTML page for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1/full/pdf?title=distance-matters-liability-of-foreignness-institutional-distance-and-ownership-strategy" title="Download PDF (230 KB) for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY." aria-label="Download PDF (230 KB) for DISTANCE MATTERS: LIABILITY OF FOREIGNNESS, INSTITUTIONAL DISTANCE AND OWNERSHIP STRATEGY" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (230 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16010-1"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card rounded-0"> <button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-chapter-0-13" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse-chapter-0-13" class="btn-block bg-white card-header text-left rounded-0 accordion__button accordion__chapter-list" id="header-chapter-0-13"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-start accordion_chapter"> <div v-on:click.stop class="align-items-center"> <search-item-select doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3"></search-item-select> </div> <div class="flex-fill d-flex justify-content-between"> <div class=""> <h3 class="h4"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3" v-on:click.stop title="Go to page for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL." class="intent_link font-serif"> <span class="intent_title">EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL</span> </a> </h3> <div class="small text-muted">Pages 223-254</div> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-end mnw-33 mw-33 mt-1"> <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="intent_content_not_available fas fa-ban icon-x-small text-danger m-1 ml-2" title="Access Restricted." aria-label="Access Restricted." role="img"></span> <span class="medium text-muted"> <a href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3/full/html" class="intent_link medium link_stopPropagation" title="View access options for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL." aria-label="View access options for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL."> View access options </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </button> <div class="collapse" id="collapse-chapter-0-13" role="tabpanel"> <div class="card-body pt-0"> <article class="row border-top-2 border-pale no-gutters pt-3"> <div class="col-9 order-2 order-lg-1 border-right-2 border-pale pr-3"> <div class="mb-3"> <p>Few studies have explored how multinational firms (MNCs) use their experience when expanding abroad. According to the “knowledge projection” model of the MNC, appropriately disseminating industry experience, country experience and mode experience can a priori increase the chances of success of new subsidiaries. However, with inconsistent findings, prior research is of limited assistance in understanding this relationship. We argue that this situation can be explained by a focus on firm’s potential for experience accumulation, rather than on the actual transfer of experience. Deploying expatriate managers enable MNCs to apply organizational experience in foreign markets. It should also have an impact on foreign subsidiary’s chances of success and survival. Therefore, this paper examines how the use of expatriates to transfer experience can affect subsidiary survival.</p> </div> <aside class="font-size-small"> <h4 class="h5">Chapter details</h4> <div> <div> Citation: <span class="intent_citation"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Philippe Very" title="Philippe Very" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Very, P.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Louis Hébert" title="Louis Hébert" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hébert, L.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Paul W Beamish" title="Paul W Beamish" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Beamish, P.W.</a> (2004), "EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL", <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt" title="Michael A. Hitt" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Hitt, M.A.</a> and <a rel="nofollow" href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng" title="Joseph L.C. Cheng" class="font-weight-light link-dark">Cheng, J.L.C.</a> (Ed.) <i>"Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"</i> (<i>Advances in International Management, Vol. 16</i>), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 223-254. <a class='intent_doi_link Citation__identifier__link' href='https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3' title='DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3'>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3</a> </span> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2 pr-3 pl-lg-3 pb-3 pb-lg-0"> <div class="d-flex h-100 flex-column justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div> <div class="intent_access_icons justify-content-end"> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3/full/html" title="Go to HTML page for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL." aria-label="Go to HTML page for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL." > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-code icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">HTML</span> </a> </div> <div> <a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-2 intent_pdf_link" href="/insight/content/doi/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3/full/pdf?title=exploring-the-limitations-of-the-knowledge-projection-model-in-mncs-the-impact-of-expatriate-managers-on-subsidiary-survival" title="Download PDF (157 KB) for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL." aria-label="Download PDF (157 KB) for EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KNOWLEDGE PROJECTION MODEL IN MNCS: THE IMPACT OF EXPATRIATE MANAGERS ON SUBSIDIARY SURVIVAL" > <span role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-file-pdf icon-small mr-2"></span> <span class="small">PDF (157 KB)</span> </a> </div>  <div class="mb-2"> <rights-link-button root="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/all/" doi="10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16011-3"> </rights-link-button> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row d-none d-md-block"> <div class="col-12 d-flex justify-content-center"> <img src="/insight/proxy/containerImg?link=/resource/publication/book/10.1016/S1571-5027(2004)16/urn:emeraldgroup.com:asset:id:binary:S1571-5027_2004_16.largecover.gif" alt="Cover of "Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: Diversity, Complexity and Relevance"" class="intent_book_img img-fluid img-cover"/> </div> </div> <div class="row bg-pale-blue mt-3"> <div class="col-12 mt-3"> <dl> <dt class="h3">DOI</dt> <dd class="small">10.1016/S1571-5027(2004)16</dd> <dt class="intent_book_publication_date_header h3">Publication date</dt> <dd class="intent_book_publication_date small">2004</dd> <dt class="h3">Book series</dt> <dd class="small"> <a href="/insight/publication/acronym/AIMNEW"> Advances in International Management </a> </dd> <dt class="intent_book_editor_header h3">Editors</dt> <dd class="small"> <ul class="list-unstyled mt-0 mb-1"> <li class="intent_book_editor"> <a href="/insight/search?q=Michael A. Hitt"> Michael A. Hitt </a> </li> <li class="intent_book_editor"> <a href="/insight/search?q=Joseph L.C. Cheng"> Joseph L.C. 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