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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 53 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السياسة الاقتصادية الجديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_iqtisadi_siyas%C9%99t" title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni iqtisadi siyasət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая эканамічная палітыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая эканамічная палітыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова икономическа политика – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова икономическа политика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B2mica" title="Nova Política Econòmica – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Política Econòmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_ekonomick%C3%A1_politika" title="Nová ekonomická politika – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová ekonomická politika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_%C3%96konomische_Politik" title="Neue Ökonomische Politik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neue Ökonomische Politik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Ekonomia_Politiko" title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nova Ekonomia Politiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nueva Política Económica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uus_majanduspoliitika" title="Uus majanduspoliitika – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uus majanduspoliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_Ekonomiko_Berria" title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Politika Ekonomiko Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سیاست‌های نوین اقتصادی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست‌های نوین اقتصادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_politique_%C3%A9conomique" title="Nouvelle politique économique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle politique économique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B3mica" title="Nova Política Económica – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Política Económica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%22%D7%A4" title="נא"פ – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נא"פ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj_gazdas%C3%A1gpolitika" title="Új gazdaságpolitika – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új gazdaságpolitika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր տնտեսական քաղաքականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebijakan_Ekonomi_Baru" title="Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuova_politica_economica" title="Nuova politica economica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuova politica economica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="ネップ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа экономикалық саясат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="신경제정책 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경제정책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noeuva_Politega_Economega" title="Noeuva Politega Economega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Noeuva Politega Economega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_ekonomin%C4%97_politika" title="Naujoji ekonominė politika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji ekonominė politika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaun%C4%81_ekonomisk%C4%81_politika" title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunā ekonomiskā politika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөвлөлтийн Шинэ эдийн засгийн бодлого" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwe_Economische_Politiek" title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nieuwe Economische Politiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Polityka_Ekonomiczna" title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Polityka Ekonomiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Pol%C3%ADtica_Econ%C3%B4mica" title="Nova Política Econômica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Política Econômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Politic%C4%83_Economic%C4%83" title="Noua Politică Economică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noua Politică Economică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Новая экономическая политика – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая экономическая политика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Economic Policy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_ekonomska_politika" title="Nova ekonomska politika – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova ekonomska politika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економска политика – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова економска политика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_ekonomisk_politik" title="Ny ekonomisk politik – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ny ekonomisk politik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதிய பொருளாதாரக் கொள்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นโยบายเศรษฐกิจใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Polisiyang_Pang-ekonomiya" title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagong Polisiyang Pang-ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Ekonomi_Politikas%C4%B1" title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Ekonomi Politikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_%C4%B0qtisadi_S%C3%A4y%C3%A4s%C3%A4t" title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Yaña İqtisadi Säyäsät" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова економічна політика – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова економічна політика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEP" title="NEP – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NEP" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_s%C3%A1ch_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_m%E1%BB%9Bi_(Li%C3%AAn_X%C3%B4)" title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô) – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính sách kinh tế mới (Liên Xô)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="新经济政策 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新经济政策" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> se <b>Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid</b> was 'n gedeeltelike terugkeer na <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a> wat noodsaaklik was vir die oorlewing van <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunisme</a>. Lenin moes ‘n kompromis met kapitalisme aangaan omdat hy gesien het dat Kommunisme in gevaar was en <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> in ‘n baie swak ekonomiese toestand was as gevolg van die oorlogskommunisme wat as noodmaatreël ingestel moes word om die Rooies tydens die Burgeroorlog wat van 1918 tot 1921 in Rusland geveg is, te steun en te verseker dat die <a href="/wiki/Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie" title="Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie">Kommunistiese Party</a> aanbewind bly. </p><p>Die burgeroorlog breek in 1918 uit omdat daar heftige teenkanting van binne en buite Rusland was teen die vernietiging van die demokratiese gekose parlement en die instelling van ‘n eenparty diktatuur deur die Kommuniste Party. Die opponent noem hulself die “Wit Russe” of “<a href="/wiki/Wittes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittes">Wittes</a>” om hulself te onderskei van die “Rooi” Kommuniste. Hierdie opponente wil almal ontslae raak van Kommunisme al het elkeen van hulle, hul eie doelwit gehad. Die Landhere wou ‘n die Monargie herstel. Die Liberale wil ‘n kapitalistiese demokrasie hê en die Sosialiste was teen ‘n Diktatorskap van die Proletariaat. Die Wittes kry hulp van <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, <a href="/wiki/VSA" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA">VSA</a> en <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> omdat hierdie lande almal bang was dat Kommunisme na hul lande sal versprei. </p><p>Die Wittes was verswak omdat hul leiers nie kon saamstem wie Rusland gaan regeer as hulle wen nie. Dit het tot Lenin se voordeel gestrek want in teenstelling met die Wittes was die Rooies verenig en hulle het ‘n gesamentlike doel gehad. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> het die Kommunistiese Magte aangevoer en verander die Rooi Wagte in die <a href="/wiki/Rooi_Le%C3%ABr" title="Rooi Leër">Rooi Leër</a> (“Rooies”.) In 1921 wen die Rooi Leër die oorlog omdat hulle verenig was en ‘n gesamentlike doel gehad het. Hul dissipline was sterk en propaganda was goed. Trotsky se organisasie was uitstekend en die Rooies was goed toegerus met kos en ammunisie, te danke aan oorlogskommunisme. Die <a href="/wiki/Tsjeka" title="Tsjeka">Tsjeka</a>, geheime polisie, tree op teen alle opposisie van die staat. 200 000 is dood en 85 000 mense is gevange geneem. Kommunisme was nou stewig gevestig en daar was nie meer georganiseerde weerstand teen die staat nie. </p><p>Oorlogskommunisme was ingestel as noodmaatreël om die Rooies teen die Wittes in die Burgeroorlog te steun. Die staat neem sentrale beheer oor alle produksie en verspreiding. Privaat rykdom het die eiendom van die staat geword en niemand is toegelaat om eiendom te besit of te erf nie. Die staat nasionaliseer alles en stel sentrale beplanning in. Privaat handeldrywing word verbied. </p> <ul><li>Landbouː Alle grond behoort aan die staat. Kleinboere se oorskotproduksie graan word deur die staat opge-eis sodat die Rooi Leër en fabriekswerkers, asook mense in stede gevoed kon word. Rantsoenering van kos het oral in Rusland plaasgevind. Die Rooies kry die meeste kos. Die regering het die prys bepaal waarteen hulle die graan van die kleinboere koop. Dit was egter baie min en die kleinboere bied teenstand teen die kospatrollies, omdat hulle nie tevrede was om hul graan vir so min te verkoop nie. Hul teenstand is met geweld deur die Rooi Leër en Tsjeka onderdruk. Graan is met geweld van die kleinboere geneem. Die kleinboere brand hul oeste af en dood vee. Die kleinboere keer terug na bestaansboerdery en die produksie van voedsel neem af, met die gevolg dat daar hongersnood in Rusland uitbreek en 5 miljoen mense sterf.</li></ul> <ul><li>Nywerhedeː Fabrieke is genasionaliseer. Mense is opgekommandeer om in fabrieke en ander ekonomieë te werk en ook om in die Rooi Leër te veg. Werkerskommitees is in beheer van werkers en stakings word verbied. Hierdie mense het min ondervinding en vaardighede gehad en daarom het die produksie van goedere met 50% gedaal. Daar was voedseltekorte en hongersnood. Werkers het stede verlaat en na die platteland verhuis op soek na kos.</li></ul> <ul><li>Opstande breek uitː Die matrose by die Kronstadt-vlootbasis het in Maart 1921 gemuit. Hulle was voorheen Lenin se grootste ondersteuners. Hulle eis vrye verkiesings, vryheid van pers, ‘n einde aan opkommandering van voedsel en ‘n einde aan Kommunistiese diktatuur. Hierdie muitery en alle ander opstande is op bevel van Lenin wreed onderdruk deur die Tsjeka en die Rooi Leër.</li></ul> <p>Oorlogskommunisme het as gevolg van nasionalisering ‘n negatiewe effek op die landbou en industrieë gehad. Lenin besef dat die ekonomie in Rusland herstel moet word indien die Kommunistiese Party aan bewind wil bly. </p><p>Lenin kyk na ‘n nuwe beleid en hy stel die Nuwe Ekonomiese Beleid (NEB) in wat ‘n radikale besluit weg van die streng beheer van oorlogskommunisme is, na ‘n buigsame stelsel wat beperkte vrye ondernemings toegelaat het. Dit was ‘n tydelike kompromis met kapitalisme. NEB is ‘n gemengde ekonomie met staatsbeheer en privaatbesit. </p> <ul><li>Landbouː Gedwonge opkommandering van <a href="/wiki/Graan" title="Graan">graan</a> is gestaak. Plase word steeds deur die staat beheer, maar boere kon ekstra grond en werkers huur om hul produksie te verhoog. Die boere kon hul produkte op die ope mark verkoop nadat verpligte graanbelasting aan die staat betaal is. ‘n Ryk boereklas het ontstaan bekend as die koelakke.</li></ul> <ul><li>Nywerhedeː Ondernemings met minder as 20 werkers kon privaateienarskap hê. Ondernemings met meer as 20 werkers was deel van trust-maatskappye. Hierdie ondernemings het kapitalistiese metodes gebruik. Werkers het aansporingsbonusse gekry om hulle aan te moedig om harder te werk en meer te produseer en hulle is ook nie meer gedwing om aan te sluit by vakbonde nie. Handel met die buiteland is toegelaat. ‘n Ryk handelaarsklas het ontstaan en hulle is die NEB manne genoem.</li></ul> <p>Die Staat het nog beheer oor die belangrikste sektore van die ekonomie nl. nywerhede, bankwese en buitelandse handel. In 1921 word die Staatsbank gestig en daar was meer geld in omloop. Dit het ook buitelandse handel bevorder. </p><p>Die gevolge van die NEB is dat die ekonomie verbeter het, maar die nywerhede herstel stadiger as die landbou want daar was steeds werkloosheid in die stede. Daar was teenkanting van stoere kommuniste soos Trotsky wat gevoel het dat die NEB verraad teen Kommunisme is. Stalin het egter gevoel dat dit nodig was om die ekonomie te red. </p><p>Oorlogskommunisme was nodig om te verseker dat die Rooies die Burgeroorlog wen, maar dit was rampspoedig vir die ekonomie, kleinboere asook die mense in die stede. Die beleid van Kommunisme is in gevaar gestel. </p><p>Die NEB was suksesvol in die behoud van die Kommunisme aangesien die ekonomie verbeter het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuwe_Ekonomiese_Beleid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuwe_Ekonomiese_Beleid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ball, Alan M. <i>Russia's Last Capitalists: The NEPmen, 1921–1929.</i> (U of California Press, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2199n7h5/">online free</a></li> <li>Bandera, V. N. "The New Economic Policy (NEP) as an economic system." <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> 71.3 (1963): 265–279. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1828984">online</a></li> <li>Davies, R. W. (ed.) (1991). <i>From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy: Continuity and Change in the Economy of the USSR.</i> Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.</li> <li>Fitzpatrick, Sheila, et al. (ed.) (1991). <i>Russia in the Era of NEP</i>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.</li> <li>Kenez, Peter. <i>A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End.</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2006.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikolaynenovsky.com">Nenovsky. N</a>, (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icer.it/docs/wp2006/ICERwp22-06.pdf">"Lenin and the Currency Competition: Reflections on the NEP Experience (1922–1924)."</a> Turin, Italy: International Center of Economic Research Working Paper No. 22, 2006</li> <li>Richman, Sheldon L. "War Communism to NEP: The Road from Serfdom." <i>The Journal of Libertarian Studies V</i>, no. 1, 1981.</li> <li>Siegelbaum, Lewis H. <i>Soviet State and Society: Between Revolutions, 1918–1929.</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge UP), 1992.</li> <li>Timoshenko, Vladimir P. <i>Agricultural Russia and the Wheat Problem</i>. (Stanford, CA: Food Research Institute, Stanford University), 1932.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sowjetunie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Sowjetunie" title="Sjabloon:Sowjetunie"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none 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href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_regerings_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van regerings van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menseregte_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menseregte in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Menseregte</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_regte_in_die_post-Sowjet_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT regte in die post-Sowjet state (bladsy bestaan nie)">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wet van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_leiers_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van leiers van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Leiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kollektiewe_leierskap_in_die_Sowjetunie" title="Kollektiewe leierskap in die Sowjetunie">Kollektiewe leierskap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paspoort_stelsel_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paspoort stelsel in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Paspoort stelsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologie_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideologie van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Staatsideologie</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxisme-Leninisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxisme-Leninisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Marxisme-Leninisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninisme" title="Leninisme">Leninisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinisme" title="Stalinisme">Stalinisme</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politieke instansies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie" title="Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie">Kommunistiese Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasie_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasie van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">organisasie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentrale_Komitee_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentrale Komitee van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sentrale Komitee</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (bladsy bestaan nie)">Presidium/Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretariaat_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretariaat van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sekretariaat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kongres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algemene_Sekretaris_van_die_Kommunistiese_Party_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algemene Sekretaris van die Kommunistiese Party van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Algemene Sekretaris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_van_Sowjets_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres van Sowjets van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kongres van Sowjets</a> (1922–1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opperste_Sowjet_van_die_Sowjet-Unie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opperste Sowjet van die Sowjet-Unie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Opperste Sowjet</a> (1938–1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_van_Volksafgevaardigdes_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres van Volksafgevaardigdes van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kongres van Volksafgevaardigdes</a> (1989–1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hooggeregshof_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hooggeregshof van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hooggeregshof</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milit%C3%AAre_Kollegium_van_die_Hooggeregshof_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militêre Kollegium van die Hooggeregshof van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Militêre Kollegium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ampte</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_staatshoofde_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van staatshoofde van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Staatshoofde</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premier_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premier van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjunkpremier_van_die_Sowjetunie" title="Adjunkpremier van die Sowjetunie">Adjunkpremier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eerste_Adjunkpremier_van_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eerste Adjunkpremier van die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Eerste Adjunkpremier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politieke_onderdrukking_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politieke onderdrukking in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Politieke onderdrukking</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooi_Terreur" title="Rooi Terreur">Rooi Terreur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kollektivisering_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kollektivisering in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kollektivisering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Suiwering" title="Groot Suiwering">Groot Suiwering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bevolkingsoordrag_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bevolkingsoordrag in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bevolkingsoordrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goelag" title="Goelag">Goelag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politieke_misbruik_van_psigiatrie_in_die_Sowjetunie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politieke misbruik van psigiatrie in die Sowjetunie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Politieke misbruik van psigiatrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategorie"><img alt="Kategorie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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