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href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Împărțire_administrativă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Împărțire_administrativă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Împărțire administrativă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Împărțire_administrativă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orașe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orașe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Orașe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orașe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrimoniu_mondial_UNESCO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrimoniu_mondial_UNESCO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Patrimoniu mondial UNESCO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrimoniu_mondial_UNESCO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectură_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lectură suplimentară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazahstan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 277 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-277" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">277 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҟазахсҭан – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҟазахсҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – altaică meridională" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaică meridională" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ካዛክስታን – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካዛክስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A1n" title="Cazaquistán – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cazaquistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casahstan" title="Casahstan – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Casahstan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%99%DC%A9%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখাস্তান – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাজাখাস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakstán – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazakstán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахъистан – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъазахъистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaq_suyu" title="Qasaq suyu – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qasaq suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاخیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازاخیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙағстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstans" title="Kazakstans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kazakstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ – bugineză" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кхазакхстан – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхазакхстан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasakstan" title="Khasakstan – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khasakstan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%82" title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازاخستان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کازاخستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacchistanu" title="Cazacchistanu – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cazacchistanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazahistan" title="Qazahistan – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazahistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C3%A1n" title="Kazachstán – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazachstán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Каꙁахстанъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каꙁахстанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C4%A5io" title="Kazaĥio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazaĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahstan" title="Kasahstan – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasahstan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazast%C3%A1n" title="Cazastán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cazastán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasastan" title="Kasastan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasastan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstaan" title="Kasachstaan – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kasachstaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazachie" title="Cazachie – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cazachie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chasacst%C3%A1in" title="An Chasacstáin – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chasacstáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachst%C3%A0n" title="Casachstàn – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Casachstàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casaquist%C3%A1n" title="Casaquistán – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casaquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahit%C3%A3" title="Kasahitã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kasahitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="કઝાકિસ્તાન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કઝાકિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chassaghstaan" title="Yn Chassaghstaan – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chassaghstaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakana" title="Kasakana – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kasakana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="קזחסטן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קזחסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कज़ाख़िस्तान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कज़ाख़िस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahszt%C3%A1n" title="Kazahsztán – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazahsztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախստան – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազախստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախիստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղազախիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="ГӀазакхстане – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀазакхстане" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B2%E1%93%B4%E1%92%83%E1%96%A2%E1%93%87_%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="カザフスタン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カザフスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxtan" title="Kazaxtan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kazaxtan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kazaksTAN" title="kazaksTAN – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kazaksTAN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxestan" title="Kazaxestan – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kazaxestan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Къазахъстэн – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къазахъстэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitan%C9%A9" title="Kazakisitanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kazakisitanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – congoleză" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congoleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазақстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자흐스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaxistan" title="Qazaxistan – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazaxistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Kazagh" title="Pow Kazagh – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Kazagh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакстан – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казакстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstania" title="Kazachstania – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kazachstania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазахсттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къазахсттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1ni" title="Kazakstáni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kazakstáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstanas" title="Kazachstanas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazachstanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaheja" title="Kazaheja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kazaheja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahst%C4%81na" title="Kazahstāna – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazahstāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A0na" title="Kazakstàna – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kazakstàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katat%C4%81nga" title="Katatānga – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BCakistan" title="Każakistan – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Każakistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquiston" title="Cazaquiston – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cazaquiston" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Казахстан Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Казахстан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="قزاقستون – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قزاقستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC_%C5%83deiltihii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaazaakistaan" title="Kaazaakistaan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaazaakistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахстан – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазахстан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazastan" title="Kazastan – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kazastan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकस्थान – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कजाकस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstaan" title="Kazakstaan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kazakstaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazaquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaqsuyu" title="Qasaqsuyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qasaqsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitani" title="Kazakisitani – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kazakisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कजाखस्थानम् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कजाखस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстаан – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Казахстаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachist%C3%A0n" title="Kazachistàn – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kazachistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කසක්ස්තානය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කසක්ස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitana" title="Kasakisitana – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kasakisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhistani" title="Kazakhistani – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kazakhistani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistani" title="Kazakistani – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazakistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhazakhi" title="IKhazakhi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhazakhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – sesotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C5%AFn" title="Kazachstůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazachstůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கசக்கஸ்தான் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசக்கஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కజకస్తాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కజకస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistaun" title="Kazakistaun – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kazakistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазоқистон – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазоқистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazagystan" title="Gazagystan – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazagystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistan" title="Kasakistan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasakistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaxyston" title="Gazaxyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gazaxyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitani" title="Kasakisitani – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kasakisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казакъстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاقىستان – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قازاقىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozogʻiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A0kistan" title="Kazàkistan – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kazàkistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasak%C3%A4n" title="Kasakän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kasakän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaxhistan" title="Cazaxhistan – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cazaxhistan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistaan" title="Kasakistaan – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kasakistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאכסטאן – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאזאכסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0s%C3%A0kst%C3%A1n" title="Kàsàkstán – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàsàkstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈薩克斯坦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈薩克斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哈薩克 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈薩克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Kazahstan" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazahstan"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazahstan"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Kazahstan" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Kazahstan" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&oldid=16045199" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Kazahstan&id=16045199&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazahstan"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazahstan"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kazahstan"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kazahstan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikinews.org/wiki/Categorie:Kazahstan" hreflang="ro"><span>Wikiștiri</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kazahstan" hreflang="ro"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Kazahstan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background: linear-gradient( to right, rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(156, 163, 170, 1)) repeat-y right; font-size: 130%; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0;"><i>Republica Kazahstan</i><br /><span class="fn org country-name"><i>Қазақстан Республикасы</i> <br /> <i>Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy</i> <br /> <i>Республика Казахстан</i> <br /> <i>Respublika Kazakhstan</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td width="58%"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Kazahstanului"><img alt="Drapelul Kazahstanului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_(1992-2014).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Kazahstanului[*]"><img alt="Stema Kazahstanului[*]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Kazahstanului" title="Drapelul Kazahstanului">Drapelul Kazahstanului</a></small></td><td align="center"><small><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182404" class="extiw" title="d:Q182404">Stema Kazahstanului</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Deviz%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviză">Deviză</a>: </b>El meu Kazakhstan <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P1546" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="margin:auto;text-align:center"><div style="margin-bottom:20"><b><a href="/wiki/Imn" title="Imn">Imn</a></b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstanul_meu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstanul meu">Kazakhstanul meu</a></i></div><br /><div style="margin-bottom:20"><b><a href="/wiki/Imn_na%C8%9Bional" title="Imn național">Imnul național</a></b>: </div><br /><div style="margin:auto"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="93" data-mwtitle="Kazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Kazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Kazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg/Kazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=be-tarask&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be-tarask" label="беларуская (тарашкевіца) ‪(be-tarask)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=be&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be" label="беларуская ‪(be)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=kk-kz&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk-KZ" label="қазақша (Қазақстан) ‪(kk-kz)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=kk-latn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk-Latn" label="qazaqşa (latın) ‪(kk-latn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=kk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk" label="қазақша ‪(kk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKazakhstan_National_Anthem_2012.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Localizarea Kazahstanului"><img alt="Localizarea Kazahstanului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/290px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/435px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/580px-Kazakhstan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Localizarea Kazahstanului</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em"><small>Localizarea Kazahstanului</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Geografie</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Suprafață</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> </td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;"> - totală</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2.724.900 km² (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Lista țărilor după suprafață">locul 9</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai înalt punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211529" class="extiw" title="d:Q211529">Han Táńiri</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Han_T%C3%A1%C5%84iri_(mountain_in_Kyrgyzstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Han Táńiri (mountain in Kyrgyzstan) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> (7.010 m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P610" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai jos punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378582" class="extiw" title="d:Q378582">depresiunea Qaraqııa</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depresiunea_Qaraq%C4%B1%C4%B1a_(depression)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depresiunea Qaraqııa (depression) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> (−132 m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P1589" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai mare oraș</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Almat%C3%AE" title="Almatî">Almatî</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vecini</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2rg%C3%A2zstan" title="Kârgâzstan">Kârgâzstan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P47" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orar" title="Fus orar">Fus orar</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a>) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P421" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Populație</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Densitate</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">7 loc/km²</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Estimare 2021</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">19.002.586</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi oficiale</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_kazah%C4%83" title="Limba kazahă">kazahă</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Etnonim</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Kazahi" title="Kazahi">kazahi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Guvernare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Republic%C4%83_preziden%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Republică prezidențială">Republică prezidențială</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edinte_al_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președinte al Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Președinte</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5256775" class="extiw" title="d:Q5256775"><span title="Președinte al Kazahstanului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Qasym-Jomart_Toqaev" title="Qasym-Jomart Toqaev">Kassym-Jomart Tokaev</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P35" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premier_al_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premier al Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Premier</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2416315" class="extiw" title="d:Q2416315"><span title="Premier al Kazahstanului la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56825894" class="extiw" title="d:Q56825894">Älihan Smaiylov</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_(politician_kazah,_prim-ministru_al_Kazahstanului_(2022-2024))&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Älihan Smaiylov (politician kazah, prim-ministru al Kazahstanului (2022-2024)) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P6" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Capitala</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Istorie</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>Stat independent</b></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Independență față de <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Republicilor_Socialiste_Sovietice" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Republicilor Socialiste Sovietice">U.R.S.S.</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/16_decembrie" title="16 decembrie">16 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Economie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare">PPC</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">474.312.001.190 $</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">26.071 $ (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(PPC)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (PPC)">locul 53</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (nominal)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">216.802.000.000 $ (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(nominal)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (nominal)">locul 50</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(nominal)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (nominal)">locul 54</a>)8.585 $</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Coeficientul_lui_Gini" title="Coeficientul lui Gini">Gini</a> (<a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">26.4 (<span style="color:#00FF00;">scăzut</span>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Indicele dezvoltării umane">IDU</a> (<a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span style="color:#0AF;">▬</span> 0,794 (<span style="color:#00FF00;">ridicat</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Lista țărilor după indicele dezvoltării umane">locul 56</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută">Monedă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Tenge" title="Tenge">Tenge kazah</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">KZT</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Coduri și identificatori</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod <a href="/wiki/Comitetul_Olimpic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Comitetul Olimpic Internațional">CIO</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">KAZ <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P984" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod mobil</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">401 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232#P2258" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prefix telefonic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">+7</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">KZ</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Domeniu_na%C8%9Bional_de_nivel_superior" title="Domeniu național de nivel superior">Domeniu Internet</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">.kz</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="font-size:smaller;text-align:left"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Prezență online</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.kz/">site web oficial</a><br /><a class="external text" href="https://hashtags-hub.toolforge.org/Kazakhstan">hasthtag</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ccd2d9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232" class="extiw" title="d:Q232">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Kazahstan</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_kazah%C4%83" title="Limba kazahă">kazahă</a> <span lang="kk" style="font-style:italic">Қазақстан</span>, <i>Qazaqstan</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_Fonetic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional">IPA</a> <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/qɑzɑqˈstɑn/</span>; <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Казахстан</span>, <i>Kazakhstán</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_Fonetic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional">IPA</a> <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/kɐzəxˈstɐn/</span>), oficial <b>Republica Kazahstan</b>, este o țară transcontinentală care se află în <a href="/wiki/Asia_Central%C4%83" title="Asia Centrală">Asia Centrală</a>, având doar un petic de teritoriu la vest de <a href="/wiki/Ural_(r%C3%A2u)" title="Ural (râu)">râul Ural</a>, în <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; teritoriul său de 2.727.300 km² este mai mare decât <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Vest" title="Europa de Vest">Europa de Vest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El are hotar cu (în direcția acelor ceasornicului, începând cu nordul) <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AErg%C3%AEstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kîrgîstan">Kîrgîstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, de asemenea are ieșire la <a href="/wiki/Marea_Caspic%C4%83" title="Marea Caspică">Marea Caspică</a>. Kazahstan dispune de <a href="/wiki/Step%C4%83" title="Stepă">stepă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defileu" title="Defileu">defileuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deal" title="Deal">dealuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delt%C4%83" title="Deltă">deltă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munte" title="Munte">munți</a> acoperiți de zăpadă și <a href="/wiki/De%C8%99ert" title="Deșert">deșerturi</a>. Populația țării la <a href="/wiki/1_noiembrie" title="1 noiembrie">1 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> număra 17.377.807 de locuitori,<sup id="cite_ref-pop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> densitatea ei fiind foarte mică (aprox. 6 oameni/km²). Capitala țării este <a href="/wiki/Nursultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursultan">Astana</a>, care a înlocuit în 1997 fosta capitală, <a href="/wiki/Almat%C3%AE" title="Almatî">Almatî</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teritoriul Kazahstanului a fost ocupat pentru prima dată de triburi nomade, care locuiau în stepele din această zonă. Acestea au fost cucerite în secolul al XIII-lea de către mongoli, care, în acel timp, erau conduși de Genghis Khan. Prin secolul al XV-lea, kazahii au format trei hoarde (numite în cazahă <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz"><i>Juz</i></a>-uri), care au continuat să ducă o viață nomadă până în secolul XIX, când au fost ocupați de <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. </p><p>La 16 decembrie 1991, Kazahstanul era ultima republică din URSS care își proclama independența. </p><p>Granițele acestui stat sunt cu: <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> și <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AErg%C3%AEstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kîrgîstan">Kîrgîstan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O mică porțiune a teritoriului aflată la vestul râului <a href="/wiki/Ural_(r%C3%A2u)" title="Ural (râu)">Ural</a> este localizată în extremitatea estică a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europei</a>. Vecinii principali sunt <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> și <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, iar în sud-vest se învecinează cu țările Asiei centrale: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2rg%C3%A2zstan" title="Kârgâzstan">Kârgâzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> și <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>. De asemenea, are o coastă importantă la malul <a href="/wiki/Marea_Caspic%C4%83" title="Marea Caspică">Mării Caspice</a>. Kazahstanul este a noua țară din lume ca suprafață, dar, datorită reliefului de stepă semi-deșertică, este una dintre cele mai rar populate țări cu puțin sub 6 locuitori per kilometru pătrat. </p><p>Kazahstanul se află aproape în întregime în Asia Centrală și se întinde de la <a href="/wiki/Marea_Caspic%C4%83" title="Marea Caspică">Marea Caspică</a> (în vest) până la munții Altai în est. O foarte mare parte din suprafața sa este acoperită de stepe aride. Kazahstanul se află pe locul 62 în lume ca număr de locuitori. De-a lungul veacurilor teritoriul Kazahstanului de astăzi a fost locuit de triburi de nomazi, abia prin secolul al XVI-lea urmând sa se afirme drept un grup distinct, împărțit în trei <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz">hoarde</a>. Rușii au început să pătrundă în stepele Kazahstanului doar prin secolul al XVIII-lea, iar pe la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea întreaga țară făcea parte din Imperiul Rus. După <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_rus%C4%83_din_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția rusă din 1917">revoluția rusă din 1917</a> și după <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_civil_rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul civil rus">războiul civil</a>, teritoriul Kazahstanului a fost reorganizat de câteva ori înainte ca el sa devină Republica Sovietică Socialistă a Kazahstanului în 1936 făcând parte din fostul <a href="/wiki/U.R.S.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.R.S.S.">U.R.S.S.</a> În timpul secolului XX, Kazahstanul a făcut parte din multe proiecte sovietice printre care și servind drept <a href="/wiki/Poligonul_Semipalatinsk" title="Poligonul Semipalatinsk">principala zonă de testare</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arme_nucleare" class="mw-redirect" title="Arme nucleare">armelor nucleare</a>. În anii 1950 stepele din nord <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campania_de_des%C8%9Belenire_a_lui_Hru%C8%99ciov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campania de desțelenire a lui Hrușciov — pagină inexistentă">au fost desțelenite în cadrul unei campanii</a> organizate de <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Sergheevici_Hru%C8%99ciov" title="Nikita Sergheevici Hrușciov">Nikita Hrușciov</a>, iar în sud a fost construit <a href="/wiki/Cosmodrom" title="Cosmodrom">cosmodromul</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosmodromul_Baikonur" title="Cosmodromul Baikonur">Baikonur.</a> </p><p>Kazahstanul și-a declarat independenta pe data de 16 decembrie 1991, fiind ultima dintre Republicile Sovietice care se declară independentă, iar fostul lider comunist devenea președinte. De la independență, Kazahstanul a urmat o politică externă echilibrată și s-a axat pe dezvoltarea economiei cu accentul pe industria hidrocarburilor. Cu toate că economia statului este într-o continuă creștere, președintele <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> încă deține un control strict asupra politicilor de guvernare. Mulți lideri opozanți și jurnaliști au fost uciși în ultimii ani, iar observatorii vestici consideră alegerile din Kazahstan nedrepte, dar fără îndoială prestigiul țării creste în continuare. La momentul actual este considerată drept țara dominantă din Centrul Asiei. Țara face parte din numeroase organizații internaționale precum <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Comunitatea Statelor Independente">Comunitatea Statelor Independente</a> și Organizația Cooperatistă de la Shanghai, iar din 2011 formează o uniune vamală cu Rusia și <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. </p><p>Kazahstanul este o țară diversificată din punct de vedere etnic și cultural, în mare parte datorită masivelor deportări de pe vremea conducerii lui Stalin, dar, totuși, kazahii sunt cel mai mare grup, urmați de ruși. Țara oferă libertatea alegerii religiei: astfel, se pot întâlni multe credințe diferite aici, islamul fiind religia de bază, urmată de creștinism. Limba oficială este limba <a href="/wiki/Limba_kazah%C4%83" title="Limba kazahă">kazahă</a>, deși <a href="/wiki/Rusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusa">rusa</a> este la fel de folosită în vorbirea de zi cu zi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief">Relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Relief" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Relief"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazahstanul are un relief foarte diversificat. Cea mai mare parte a teritoriului (aproximativ 50%) este ocupată de câmpii. Către est se găsește o zonă muntoasă, vârful Khan Tengri, din munții Tian Shan având o înălțime de 6995 m. În centrul țării se găsește o zonă deșertică, care este, practic, nelocuită. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climă"><span id="Clim.C4.83"></span>Climă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Climă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Climă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Datorită suprafeței întinse a țării, clima este foarte diversificată, în cea mai mare suprafață, aceasta fiind temperat continentală, aridă și semiaridă. Temperaturile medii anuale variază între -19 °C și -3 °C în ianuarie, respectiv +19 °C și +30 °C în iulie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politică"><span id="Politic.C4.83"></span>Politică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Politică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Politică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:257px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev,_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/194px-Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/291px-Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/388px-Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev%2C_President_of_Kazakhstan_on_24_April_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:257px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_(2022-01-24)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/285px-%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/380px-%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov_%282022-01-24%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1471" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">Șeful de stat, <a href="/wiki/Qasym-Jomart_Toqaev" title="Qasym-Jomart Toqaev">Kassym-Jomart Tokaev</a>; și șeful guvernului, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84lihan_Smaiylov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Älihan Smaiylov — pagină inexistentă">Älihan Smaiylov</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56825894" class="extiw" title="d:Q56825894"><span title="Älihan Smaiylov la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Kazahstan este un <a href="/wiki/Stat_unitar" title="Stat unitar">stat unitar</a>. Primul președinte a fost <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbaev" title="Nursultan Nazarbaev">Nursultan Nazarbaev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qasym-Jomart_Toqaev" title="Qasym-Jomart Toqaev">Qasîm-Jomart Toqaev</a> fiind cel actual. Președintele poate exercita dreptul de veto asupra legislației care a fost adoptată de Parlament și este, de asemenea, comandantul suprem al forțelor armate. Primul-ministrul conduce Cabinetul de Miniștri și servește ca șef de guvern al Kazahstanului. În Cabinet există trei vicepremieri și șaisprezece miniștri. </p><p>Parlamentul din Kazahstan este <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>, fiind compus din <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majilis — pagină inexistentă">Majilis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Camera_Deputa%C8%9Bilor" class="mw-disambig" title="Camera Deputaților">Camera Deputaților</a>) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senatul_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senatul Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Senat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Împărțire_administrativă"><span id=".C3.8Emp.C4.83r.C8.9Bire_administrativ.C4.83"></span>Împărțire administrativă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Împărțire administrativă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Împărțire administrativă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Provinciile_Kazahstanului" title="Provinciile Kazahstanului">Provinciile Kazahstanului</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Kazahstanul este divizat în 14 provincii. </p> <table style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="2px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinciile_Kazahstanului" title="Provinciile Kazahstanului">Provinciile Kazahstanului</a></th> <th>Capitală </th> <th>Suprafață (km.²)</th> <th>Populație </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Akmola" title="Provincia Akmola">Akmola</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3ksheta%C3%BA" title="Kókshetaú">Kókshetaú</a> </td> <td>121,400</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>829,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Aktobe" title="Provincia Aktobe">Aktobe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a> </td> <td>300,600</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>661,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>orașul <i><a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></i><sup>(1)</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> </td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>324.8</td> <td>1,226,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Almat%C3%AE" title="Provincia Almatî">Almatî (provincie)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taldyqor%C7%B5an" title="Taldyqorǵan">Taldyqorǵan</a> </td> <td>224,000</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>860,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>orașul <i><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></i><sup>(1)</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> </td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>710.2</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>600,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_At%C3%AErau" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia Atîrau">Atyraú</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atyra%C3%BA" title="Atyraú">Atyraú</a> </td> <td>118,600</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>380,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a></i><sup>(2)</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a> </td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>57</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>70,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Jamb%C3%AEl" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia Jambîl">Jambîl</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Taraz</a> </td> <td>144,000</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>962,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Est" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Est">Kazahstanul de Est</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oskemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskemen">Oskemen</a> </td> <td>283,300</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>897,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Nord" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Nord">Kazahstanul de Nord</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petropavl" title="Petropavl">Petropavl</a> </td> <td>123,200</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>586,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Turkistan" title="Provincia Turkistan">Turkistan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkistan,_Kazahstan" title="Turkistan, Kazahstan">Turkistan, Kazahstan</a> </td> <td>116.902 km²</td> <td>1.929.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Vest" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Vest">Kazahstanul de Vest</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oral,_Kazahstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral, Kazahstan">Oral</a> </td> <td>151,300</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>599,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Qara%C7%B5andy" title="Provincia Qaraǵandy">Qaraǵandy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qara%C7%B5andy" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraǵandy">Qaraǵandy</a> </td> <td>428,000</td> <td>1,287,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Qyzylorda" title="Provincia Qyzylorda">Qyzylorda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qyzylorda" title="Qyzylorda">Qyzylorda</a> </td> <td>226,000</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>590,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kostanai" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia Kostanai">Qostanaı</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qostana%C4%B1" title="Qostanaı">Qostanaı</a> </td> <td>196,000</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>975,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Mang%C3%AEstau" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia Mangîstau">Mangîstau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aktau" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktau">Aktau</a> </td> <td>165,600</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>316,847 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Pavlodar" title="Provincia Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar" title="Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a> </td> <td>124,800</td> <td><s style="visibility:hidden;">0</s>851,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>orașul <a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a> </td> <td>347 km²</td> <td>1.184.113 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazakhstan_provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kazakhstan_provinces.svg/500px-Kazakhstan_provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kazakhstan_provinces.svg/750px-Kazakhstan_provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Kazakhstan_provinces.svg/1000px-Kazakhstan_provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note:<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>(1) Orașele <a href="/wiki/Alma-Ata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma-Ata">Alma-Ata</a> și <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> au statut de importanță națională și nu se consideră provincii.</li> <li>(2) Orașul <a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a> are un statut special deoarece este închiriat Rusiei împreună cu Cosmodromul Baikonur până în anul 2050.</li></ul> <p>Fiecare provincie este condusă de un Akim (guvernator provincial) numit de președinte. Guvernatori municipali sunt numiți de cei provinciali. Guvernul Kazahstanului a mutat capitala din Alma-Ata la Astana în 10 decembrie 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conform datelor Agenției de Statistică a Republicii Kazahstan, populația țării la <a href="/wiki/1_noiembrie" title="1 noiembrie">1 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> număra 17.377.807 de locuitori.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform recensământului din 2009, 46% din populație trăia în mediul rural și 54% în cel urban.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conform datelor oficiale preliminare a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recens%C4%83m%C3%A2ntul_popula%C8%9Biei_din_2009_(Kazahstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recensământul populației din 2009 (Kazahstan) — pagină inexistentă">recensământului populație</a>, publicate pe 4 februarie 2010, principalele grupuri etnice sunt: <a href="/wiki/Kazahi" title="Kazahi">kazahi</a> — 63,1 % din populația totală a țării, <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">ruși</a> — 23,7 %, <a href="/wiki/Uzbeci" title="Uzbeci">uzbeci</a> — 2,8 %, <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">ucraineni</a> — 2,1 %, <a href="/wiki/Uiguri" title="Uiguri">uiguri</a> — 1,4 %, <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tari" title="Tătari">tătari</a> — 1,3 %, <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germani</a> — 1,1 % și alte naționalități — 4,5 %.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numărul <a href="/wiki/Kazahi" title="Kazahi">kazahilor</a> în intervalul 1999—2009, conform datelor, s-a mărit cu 26 % (sau cu 2,1 milioane de oameni), <a href="/wiki/Uzbeci" title="Uzbeci">uzbecilor</a> cu 23 % (sau 87 de mii), <a href="/wiki/Uiguri" title="Uiguri">uigurilor</a> cu 6 % (sau 13 mii). Numărul <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germanilor</a> însă a scăzut considerabil cu 50 % (sau 175 mii), dar și cel al <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">ucrainenilor</a> cu 39 % (sau 214 mii), al <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tari" title="Tătari">tătarilor</a> cu 18 % (sau 46 de mii) și al <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">rușilor</a> cu 15 % (sau 683 mii). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religie">Religie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Religie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"> </span></p> <ul><li>Creștini- <b>3,975,440</b></li> <li>Musulmani- <b>11,285,120</b></li> <li>Budiști- <b>32,060</b></li> <li>Neafiliată- <b>673,260</b></li> <li>Religie populară- <b>48,090</b></li> <li>Alte religii- <b>16,030</b></li></ul> <p><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16584850">.mw-parser-output .citationNeeded{background-color:#ffeaea;color:#444444}</style> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orașe"><span id="Ora.C8.99e"></span>Orașe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orașe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Orașe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Capitala_Kazahstanului" title="Capitala Kazahstanului">Capitala Kazahstanului</a> este Astana, însă cel mai mare oraș este <a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, fosta capitală a statului. </p> <table class="navbox" style="width: 97%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"> <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; float: right; margin-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Kazahstan" title="Format:Cele mai mari orașe din Kazahstan"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Cele mai mari orașe din Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Kazahstan&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>  <span style="font-size:120%;">Cele mai mari orașe din <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a></span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geonames.org/KZ/largest-cities-in-kazakhstan.html">http://www.geonames.org/KZ/largest-cities-in-kazakhstan.html</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Loc </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Kazahstan" title="Lista orașelor din Kazahstan">Numele orașului</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinciile_Kazahstanului" title="Provinciile Kazahstanului">Provincie</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Almaty,_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Almaty"><img alt="Almaty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg/135px-Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg/203px-Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg/270px-Almaty%2C_Kok-tobe_exposition_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astana"><img alt="Astana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg/135px-Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg/203px-Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg/270px-Central_Downtown_Astana_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="887" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Almaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></td> <td>1 507 737 </td> <td rowspan="10" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ordabasy_Plaza_(Shymkent).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shymkent"><img alt="Shymkent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg/135px-Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg/203px-Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg/270px-Ordabasy_Plaza_%28Shymkent%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qaraǵandy"><img alt="Qaraǵandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg/135px-Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg/203px-Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg/270px-Greek_Catholic_church_in_Karaganda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Qara%C7%B5andy" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraǵandy">Qaraǵandy</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></td> <td>825 401 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Sud">Kazahstanul de Sud</a></td> <td>683 273 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Qara%C7%B5andy" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraǵandy">Qaraǵandy</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Qara%C7%B5andy" title="Provincia Qaraǵandy">Qaraǵandy</a></td> <td>496 173 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Aktobe" title="Provincia Aktobe">Aktobe</a></td> <td>387 945 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Taraz</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Jambyl" title="Provincia Jambyl">Jambyl</a></td> <td>351 476 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar" title="Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Pavlodar" title="Provincia Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a></td> <td>350 998 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Oskemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskemen">Oskemen</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Est" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Est">Kazahstanul de Est</a></td> <td>344 421 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Seme%C4%B1" title="Semeı">Semeı</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Est" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Est">Kazahstanul de Est</a></td> <td>312 136 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Oral" title="Oral">Oral</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Provincia_Kazahstanul_de_Vest" title="Provincia Kazahstanul de Vest">Kazahstanul de Vest</a></td> <td>278 096 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Economie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazahstanul este o țară foarte bogată în resurse naturale, dar acestea nu sunt încă exploatate la capacitate maximă. Rezervele de <a href="/wiki/Uraniu" title="Uraniu">uraniu</a> din sol, situează țara pe locul 3 în lume. De asemenea, prezintă cantități însemnate de <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaz_natural" title="Gaz natural">gaze naturale</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rbune" title="Cărbune">cărbune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">cupru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">fier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metalurgie" title="Metalurgie">Industria metalurgică</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industria_constructoare_de_ma%C8%99ini" title="Industria constructoare de mașini">constructoare de mașini</a> și <a href="/wiki/Industrie_alimentar%C4%83" title="Industrie alimentară">alimentară</a> sunt în continuă dezvoltare. Kazahstanul este cel mai mare producător de petrol din <a href="/wiki/Asia_Central%C4%83" title="Asia Centrală">Asia Centrală</a><sup id="cite_ref-pet2010-08-17_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pet2010-08-17-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patrimoniu_mondial_UNESCO">Patrimoniu mondial UNESCO</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Patrimoniu mondial UNESCO" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Patrimoniu mondial UNESCO"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Până în anul 2011 pe <a href="/wiki/Locuri_din_Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO" title="Locuri din Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO">lista patrimoniului mondial UNESCO</a> au fost incluse 3 obiective din această țară. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Kazahstan" title="Lista orașelor din Kazahstan">Lista orașelor din Kazahstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locuri_din_Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO" title="Locuri din Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO">Locuri din Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_fluvii_din_Asia" title="Listă de fluvii din Asia">Listă de fluvii din Asia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8e59e41e4dda8a04f4ad0b3235c8aaff-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8e59e41e4dda8a04f4ad0b3235c8aaff_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org"><i><span lang="en">World Bank Open Data</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EWorld+Bank+Open+Data%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazahstan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">“Țara Kazahilor“, sufixul „stan“ însemnȃnd în persană „țară“.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html">CIA World Factbook: Kazakhstan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2018-12-24">24 decembrie 2018</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz">„Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ASRK). 2005. Main Demographic Indicators”</a>. Stat.kz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-06-01">1 iunie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agency+of+Statistics+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+%28ASRK%29.+2005.+Main+Demographic+Indicators&rft.pub=Stat.kz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazahstan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/homePage?_adf.ctrl-state=15v9s50oze_253&_afrLoop=37670641117232">Қазақстан Республикасы Статистика агенттігі.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011092020/http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/homePage?_adf.ctrl-state=15v9s50oze_253&_afrLoop=37670641117232">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-10-11">11 octombrie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Агентство по статистике РК. Численность населения Республики Казахстан</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526082608/http://www.akorda.kz/en/category/kazakhstan">„Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Kazakhstan”</a>. Akorda.kz. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akorda.kz/en/category/kazakhstan">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-05-26">26 mai 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-03-26">26 martie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+site+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+%E2%80%93+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=Akorda.kz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akorda.kz%2Fen%2Fcategory%2Fkazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazahstan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628101359/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/n_04_02_10.aspx">„Итоги переписи населения Республики Казахстан 2009 года”</a>. Stat.kz. <time datetime="2010-02-04">4 februarie 2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/n_04_02_10.aspx">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-06-28">28 iunie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-06-01">1 iunie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+2009+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Stat.kz&rft.date=2010-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kz%2Fp_perepis%2FPages%2Fn_04_02_10.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazahstan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2009-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2009_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501091537/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">„Предварительные итоги переписи населения 2009 г”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Pages/default.aspx">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-05-01">1 mai 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-12-25">25 decembrie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2009%C2%A0%D0%B3.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.kz%2Fp_perepis%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazahstan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pet2010-08-17-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pet2010-08-17_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capital.ro/articol/kazahstanul-vamuieste-petrolul-138165.html">Kazahstanul vămuiește petrolul</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100817191258/http://capital.ro/articol/kazahstanul-vamuieste-petrolul-138165.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-08-17">17 august 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 16 august 2010, capital.ro, accesat la 17 august 2010</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară"><span id="Lectur.C4.83_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Lectură suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Lectură suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kazahstan, leopardul Asiei Centrale</i>, Anton Caragea, Editura Mihai Eminescu, București, 2006</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jurnalul.ro/calatorii/kazahstan-drumul-spre-viitor-600741.htm">Kazahstan, drumul spre viitor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162139/http://www.jurnalul.ro/calatorii/kazahstan-drumul-spre-viitor-600741.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-01-18">18 ianuarie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 8 ianuarie 2012, Gabriel Arsene, <i>Jurnalul Național</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/despre-republica-kazahstan-22-11-2007">Despre Republica Kazahstan</a>, 22 noiembrie 2007, <i>Amos News</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/25-octombrie-ziua-nationala-republicii-kazahstan-25-10-2010">25 Octombrie - Ziua națională a Republicii Kazahstan</a>, 25 octombrie 2010, <i>Amos News'</i></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table class="toc noprint" cellpadding="0" width="95%" cellspacing="2" style="align:center; text-align:center;clear:all;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><span style="display:inline;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 0px;vertical-align:baseline;border:solid 1px #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;padding:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/95px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/143px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/190px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></span> </th> <th bgcolor="#EEE8AA"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#080808;">Kazahstan</span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Kazahi" title="Categorie:Kazahi">Kazahi</a> — <a href="/wiki/Limba_kazah%C4%83" title="Limba kazahă">Limba kazahă</a> <div style="float:right; width:5em;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Subiecte_Kazahstan" title="Format:Subiecte Kazahstan"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Kazahstan&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:95%"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83rarea_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apărarea Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Apărare</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de localități din Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă">Așezări</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Capitala</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_ai_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de conducători ai Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Conducători</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Cultură</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Demografie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economia_Kazahstanului" title="Economia Kazahstanului">Economie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația în Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă">Educație</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografia_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografia Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Geografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Istorie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Kazahstan" title="Lista orașelor din Kazahstan">Orașe</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politica_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politica Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Politică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Sportul_%C3%AEn_Kazahstan" title="Sportul în Kazahstan">Sport</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Steagul_Kazahstanului" class="mw-redirect" title="Steagul Kazahstanului">Steag</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Kazahstanului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Kazahstanului — pagină inexistentă">Stemă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Subdiviziunile_Kazahstanului" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdiviziunile Kazahstanului">Subdiviziuni</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Turismul_%C3%AEn_Kazahstan" title="Turismul în Kazahstan">Turism</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Kazahstan" title="Categorie:Cioturi Kazahstan">Cioturi</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_Kazahstan" title="Categorie:Formate Kazahstan">Formate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kazakhstan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kazakhstan">Imagini</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Kazahstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Kazahstan — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Format:Comunitatea Statelor Independente"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Comunitatea Statelor Independente — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Comunitatea Statelor Independente">Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI)</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">State membre</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2rg%C3%A2zstan" title="Kârgâzstan">Kârgâzstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="CSI"><img alt="CSI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Foste membre</div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:State_%C3%AEn_Asia_Central%C4%83" title="Format:State în Asia Centrală"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:State_%C3%AEn_Asia_Central%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:State în Asia Centrală — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:State_%C3%AEn_Asia_Central%C4%83&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_state_suverane" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de state suverane">State</a> în <a href="/wiki/Asia_Central%C4%83" title="Asia Centrală">Asia Centrală</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">China</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2rg%C3%A2zstan" title="Kârgâzstan">Kârgâzstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:State_turcice" title="Format:State turcice"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:State_turcice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:State turcice — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:State_turcice&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_turcice" title="Limbi turcice">Popoare sau entități naționale cu limbi oficiale turcice</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Limbi turcice apusene </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ba%C8%99chiria" title="Bașchiria">Bașchiria</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ciuva%C8%99ia" title="Ciuvașia">Ciuvașia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord</a><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/G%C4%83g%C4%83uzia" title="Găgăuzia">Găgăuzia</a><sup>4</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Karaciai-Cerkessia" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaciai-Cerkessia">Karaciai-Cerkessia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a><sup>5</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a><sup>6</sup></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Limbi turcice estice </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Altai" title="Republica Altai">Republica Altai</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hacasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacasia">Hacasia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iacutia" title="Iacutia">Iacutia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AErg%C3%AEzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kîrgîzstan">Kîrgîzstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a><sup>2</sup></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><small><sup>1</sup>Include <a href="/wiki/Republica_Autonom%C4%83_Nahicevan" title="Republica Autonomă Nahicevan">Republica Autonomă Nahicevan</a>. <sup>2</sup>Subiect federal al <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Federației Ruse</a>. <sup>3</sup>Vedeți <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disputa_cipriot%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disputa cipriotă — pagină inexistentă">Disputa cipriotă</a>. <sup>4</sup>Gagăuzia este o unitate autonomă dinm <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a>. <sup>5</sup>Karakalpakstan este o republică autonomă a Uzbekistanului. <sup>6</sup>Xinjiang Uyghur este o regiune autonomă a <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Chinei</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Discuție Format:Țări europene"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Țări independente sau recunoscute parțial și regiuni nesuverane în Europa</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_europene" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de țări europene">Țări independente</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia">Cehia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația">Croația</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia" title="Elveția">Elveția</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_de_Nord" title="Macedonia de Nord">Macedonia de Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru">Muntenegru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a> </p> </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Republici, teritorii și regiuni<br />recunoscute parțial</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Ciprul de Nord</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Osetia_de_Sud" title="Osetia de Sud">Osetia de Sud</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldoveneasc%C4%83_Nistrean%C4%83" title="Republica Moldovenească Nistreană">Republica Moldovenească Nistreană</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Teritorii și regiuni nesuverane</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Danemarca</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_Feroe" title="Insulele Feroe">Insulele Feroe</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Groenlanda" title="Groenlanda">Groenlanda</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Finlanda</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_%C3%85land" title="Insulele Åland">Insulele Åland</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grecia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Muntele_Athos" title="Muntele Athos">Muntele Athos</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Norvegia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_%C8%99i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri și Dhekelia">Akrotiri și Dhekelia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man">Insula Man</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Insula_Jersey" title="Insula Jersey">Jersey</a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> </div></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><small><sup>1</sup></small> În întregime în Asia, dar din punct de vedere istoric este considerat european  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>2</sup></small> Parțial sau în întregime în Asia, în funcție de definirea graniței  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>3</sup></small> Stat transcontinental (preponderent asiatic)<br /> <p><b>Țări după continent: <a href="/wiki/Format:Africa" title="Format:Africa">Africa</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Nord" title="Format:America de Nord">America de Nord</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Sud" title="Format:America de Sud">America de Sud</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia">Asia</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene">Europa</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Oceania" title="Format:Oceania">Oceania</a></b> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Țări în Asia — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Țări independente sau recunoscute parțial și regiuni nesuverane în Asia</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Țări independente</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudit%C4%83" title="Arabia Saudită">Arabia Saudită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Birmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cambodgia" title="Cambodgia">Cambodgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Nord" title="Coreea de Nord">Coreea de Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Emiratele_Arabe_Unite" title="Emiratele Arabe Unite">Emiratele Arabe Unite</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine">Filipine</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iordania" title="Iordania">Iordania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AErg%C3%AEzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kîrgîzstan">Kîrgîzstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kuweit" title="Kuweit">Kuweit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maldive" title="Maldive">Maldive</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Thailanda" title="Thailanda">Thailanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Timorul_de_Est" title="Timorul de Est">Timorul de Est</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </p> </div> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Republici, teritorii și regiuni<br />recunoscute parțial</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Ciprul de Nord</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Nagorno-Karabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Nagorno-Karabah">Nagorno-Karabah</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Osetia_de_Sud" title="Osetia de Sud">Osetia de Sud</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Statul_Palestina" title="Statul Palestina">Statul Palestina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Chinez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Chineză">Republica Chineză</a> </p> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Teritorii și regiuni nesuverane</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Australia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Insula_Cr%C4%83ciunului" title="Insula Crăciunului">Insula Crăciunului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Insulele_Cocos" title="Insulele Cocos">Insulele Cocos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Republica Populară Chineză</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_%C8%99i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri și Dhekelia">Akrotiri și Dhekelia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Teritoriul_Britanic_din_Oceanul_Indian" title="Teritoriul Britanic din Oceanul Indian">Teritoriul Britanic din Oceanul Indian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Irak</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistanul_Irakian" title="Kurdistanul Irakian">Kurdistanul Irakian</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> </div></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><small><sup>1</sup></small> În întregime în Asia, dar din punct de vedere istoric este considerat european  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>2</sup></small> Parțial sau în întregime în Asia, în funcție de definirea graniței  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>3</sup></small> Stat transcontinental<br /> <p><b>Țări după continent: <a href="/wiki/Format:Africa" title="Format:Africa">Africa</a>  <span 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