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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative tribunal in Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Canadian Human Rights Tribunal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg/220px-Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg/330px-Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg/440px-Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data">Appointment by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Governor in Council</a> on the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_and_Attorney_General_of_Canada" title="Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada">minister of justice and attorney general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> via the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Act" title="Canadian Human Rights Act">Canadian Human Rights Act</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">Appeals to</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_(Canada)" title="Federal Court (Canada)">Federal Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #Ededed;">Chairperson</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data">Jennifer Khurana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Since</th><td class="infobox-data">2021</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Canadian Human Rights Tribunal</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne</i>) is an administrative tribunal established in 1977 through the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Act" title="Canadian Human Rights Act">Canadian Human Rights Act</a></i>. It is directly funded by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> and is independent of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Canadian Human Rights Commission">Canadian Human Rights Commission</a> which refers cases to it for adjudication under the act. </p><p>The tribunal holds hearings to investigate complaints of discriminatory practices and may order a respondent to a complaint to cease a practice, as well as order a respondent to pay compensation to the complainant.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decisions of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal are reviewable by Canada's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_(Canada)" title="Federal Court (Canada)">Federal Court</a>. Federal Court decisions can then be appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada. The Federal Court can also issue and enforce decisions made by the tribunal if violations continue and imprison an offender for <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> if a decision continues to be disregarded. This has happened in the cases of <a href="/wiki/John_Ross_Taylor" title="John Ross Taylor">John Ross Taylor</a> in 1981 and <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Winnicki_(political_activist)" title="Tomasz Winnicki (political activist)">Tomasz Winnicki</a> in 2006. </p><p>Justice <a href="/wiki/Anne_Mactavish" title="Anne Mactavish">Anne Mactavish</a> was appointed Chair of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 9, 2003, J. Grant Sinclair succeeded Mactavish as the Chair of the Tribunal. On September 10, 2009, Shirish P. Chotalia was appointed as his successor and served to 2012. Chotalia implemented Access to Justice through customized hearing procedures focussed on restorative justice; parties reported 94 per cent satisfaction.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 2, 2014, David L. Thomas was appointed the Chair of the Tribunal for a seven-year term. </p><p>Previously its Vice-Chairperson, Jennifer Khurana was the Tribunal's acting Chairperson from September 2, 2021 until March 24, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 25, 2022, Khurana was appointed the Tribunal's Chairperson for a seven-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> found that the tribunal's determination that the <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i> did not violate the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Act" title="Canadian Human Rights Act">Canadian Human Rights Act</a> was reasonable due to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_deference" title="Judicial deference">judicial deference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Chopra" title="Shiv Chopra">Shiv Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression_in_Canada" title="Freedom of expression in Canada">Freedom of expression in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_13_of_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act" title="Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act">Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-6/">Canadian Human Rights Act</a></i>, RSC 1985, c. H-6. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719031016/http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/fc_cf_en/Mactavish">"The Honourable Anne L. Mactavish"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/fc_cf_en/Mactavish">the original</a> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Honourable+Anne+L.+Mactavish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2Ffc_cf_en%2FMactavish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Human+Rights+Tribunal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chotaliahumanrights.com/uploads/1/6/6/3/16637956/chrt_ar11_en_web.pdf">"Access to Justice for Canadians—Customized Procedures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709203621/http://www.chotaliahumanrights.com/uploads/1/6/6/3/16637956/chrt_ar11_en_web.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Access+to+Justice+for+Canadians%E2%80%94Customized+Procedures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chotaliahumanrights.com%2Fuploads%2F1%2F6%2F6%2F3%2F16637956%2Fchrt_ar11_en_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Human+Rights+Tribunal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orders-in-council.canada.ca/attachment.php?attach=41805&lang=en">"Orders In Council - Search"</a>. <i>orders-in-council.canada.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orders-in-council.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Orders+In+Council+-+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forders-in-council.canada.ca%2Fattachment.php%3Fattach%3D41805%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Human+Rights+Tribunal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1176897979">.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-title i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .bluebook-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite id="CITEREFNote2019">Note, <span class="bluebook-title bluebook-lock-none" title=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/1772-1779_Online.pdf">Recent Case: Supreme Court of Canada Clarifies Standard of Review Framework</a></span>, 132 <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harv. L. Rev.</a> 1772 (2019).</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chotaliahumanrights.com/uploads/1/6/6/3/16637956/chrt_ar11_en_web.pdf">Access to Justice for Canadians—Customized Procedures</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Human_Rights_Tribunal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chrt-tcdp.gc.ca/index-en.html">Canadian Human Rights Tribunal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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