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IOL</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: foldable IOL"> <meta name="keywords" content="foldable IOL"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="foldable IOL"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: foldable IOL</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Systemic Factors, Intraocular Lens, and Ocular Abnormalities in Patients with Intraocular Lens Glistening at a Tertiary Hospital in Semarang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmi%20Ilmi%20Aziz">Azmi Ilmi Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisnu%20Sadasih"> Wisnu Sadasih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizal%20Fanany"> Rizal Fanany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study describes systemic factors, intraocular lens (IOL), and ocular abnormalities in patients with IOL glistening at a tertiary hospital in Semarang. Methods: A retrospective, with a descriptive approach on patients with IOL glistening who visited the eye clinic between August 2019 to June 2023. Results: Twenty-five patients were examined; 11 patients (44%) had IOL glistening in their right eye, 4 patients (16%) in their left eye, and 10 patients (40%) in both eyes. The gender of patients consisted of 12 male patients (48%) and 13 female patients (52%). The median age of the patients was 68 years. The mean onset was 4.44 years after the first cataract surgery. Hypertension was found in 13 patients (52%), and diabetes was found in 9 patients (36%). Nine patients (36%) were identified with a foldable IOL with a closed loop design, and 1 patient (4%) with a PMMA IOL with an iris-fixated IOL design, while 15 other patients’ IOL were unrecorded. Glaucoma was found in 3 patients (12%). Conclusions: The result of this study showed that more than half of the patients were hypertensive, and some were glaucomatous, which had been discussed relevant in previous studies. Most IOL that could be identified was foldable IOL with a closed loop design. To our knowledge, the design of an IOL to glistening had never been explored. A longer study involving larger subjects is needed to better describe the systemic factors, IOL, and ocular abnormalities in patients with IOL glistening. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glistening" title="glistening">glistening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraocular%20lens" title=" intraocular lens"> intraocular lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foldable%20IOL" title=" foldable IOL"> foldable IOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA%20IOL" title=" PMMA IOL"> PMMA IOL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172154/systemic-factors-intraocular-lens-and-ocular-abnormalities-in-patients-with-intraocular-lens-glistening-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-semarang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> An Inflatable and Foldable Knee Exosuit Based on Intelligent Management of Biomechanical Energy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Fang">Jing Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Cui"> Yao Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingming%20Wang"> Mingming Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengli%20She"> Shengli She</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianping%20Yuan"> Jianping Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wearable robotics is a potential solution in aiding gait rehabilitation of lower limbs dyskinesia patients, such as knee osteoarthritis or stroke afflicted patients. Many wearable robots have been developed in the form of rigid exoskeletons, but their bulk devices, high cost and control complexity hinder their popularity in the field of gait rehabilitation. Thus, the development of a portable, compliant and low-cost wearable robot for gait rehabilitation is necessary. Inspired by Chinese traditional folding fans and balloon inflators, the authors present an inflatable, foldable and variable stiffness knee exosuit (IFVSKE) in this paper. The pneumatic actuator of IFVSKE was fabricated in the shape of folding fans by using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fabric materials. The geometric and mechanical properties of IFVSKE were characterized with experimental methods. To assist the knee joint smartly, an intelligent control profile for IFVSKE was proposed based on the concept of full-cycle energy management of the biomechanical energy during human movement. The biomechanical energy of knee joints in a walking gait cycle of patients could be collected and released to assist the joint motion just by adjusting the inner pressure of IFVSKE. Finally, a healthy subject was involved to walk with and without the IFVSKE to evaluate the assisting effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanical%20energy%20management" title="biomechanical energy management">biomechanical energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20exosuit" title=" knee exosuit"> knee exosuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20rehabilitation" title=" gait rehabilitation"> gait rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20robotics" title=" wearable robotics"> wearable robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94041/an-inflatable-and-foldable-knee-exosuit-based-on-intelligent-management-of-biomechanical-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Smart Wheel Chair: A Design to Accommodate Vital Sign Monitoring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Nihan">Stephanie Nihan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayson%20M.%20Fadrigalan"> Jayson M. Fadrigalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyay%20P.%20San"> Pyay P. San</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20M.%20Santos"> Steven M. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weihui%20Li"> Weihui Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People of all ages who use wheelchairs are left with the inconvenience of not having an easy way to take their vital signs. Typically, patients are required to visit the hospital in order to take the vital signs. VitalGO is a wheel chair system that equipped with medical devices to take vital signs and then transmit data to a mobile application for convenient, long term health monitoring. The vital signs include oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure, breathing rate and body temperature. Oxygen saturation and heart rate are monitored through pulse oximeter. Blood pressure is taken through a radar sensor. Breathing rate is derived through thoracic impedance while body temperature is measured through an infrared thermometer. The application receives data through bluetooth and stores in a database for review in a simple graphical interface. The application will have the ability to display this data over various time intervals such as a day, week, month, 3 months, 6 months and a year. The final system for the mobile app can also provide an interface for both the user and their physician(s) to record notes or keep record of daily symptoms that a patient might be having. The user’s doctor will be granted access by the user to view the patient information for assistance with a more accurate diagnosis. Also, this wheelchair accessory conveniently includes a foldable table/desk as somewhere to place an electronic device that may be used to access the app. The foldable table will overall contribute to the wheelchair user’s increased comfort and will give them somewhere to place food, a book, or any other form of entertainment that would normally be hard to juggle on their lap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel%20chair" title="wheel chair">wheel chair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vital%20sign" title=" vital sign"> vital sign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telemedicine" title=" telemedicine"> telemedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69295/smart-wheel-chair-a-design-to-accommodate-vital-sign-monitoring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> A Temporary Shelter Proposal for Displaced People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0rem%20Yetkin">İrem Yetkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feray%20Maden"> Feray Maden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seda%20Tosun"> Seda Tosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yenal%20Akg%C3%BCn"> Yenal Akgün</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr%20Kilit"> Özgür Kilit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koray%20Korkmaz"> Koray Korkmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6khan%20Kiper"> Gökhan Kiper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCzalp"> Mustafa Gündüzalp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forced migration, whether caused by conflicts or other factors, frequently places individuals in vulnerable situations, necessitating immediate access to shelter. To promptly address the immediate needs of affected individuals, temporary shelters are often established. These shelters are characterized by their adaptable and functional nature, encompassing lightweight and sustainable structural systems, rapid assembly capabilities, modularity, and transportability. The shelter design is contingent upon demand, resulting in distinct phases for different structural forms. A multi-phased shelter approach covers emergency response, temporary shelter, and permanent reconstruction. Emergency shelters play a critical role in providing immediate life-saving aid, while temporary and transitional shelters, which are also called “t-shelters,” offer longer-term living environments during the recovery and rebuilding phases. Among these, temporary shelters are more extensively covered in the literature due to their diverse inhabiting functions. The roles of emergency shelters and temporary shelters are inherently separate, addressing distinct aspects of sheltering processes. Given their prolonged usage, temporary shelters are built for greater durability compared to emergency shelters. Nonetheless, inadequacies in temporary shelters can lead to challenges in ensuring habitability. Issues like non-expandable structures unsuitable for accommodating large families, the use of short-term shelters that worsen conditions, non-waterproof materials providing insufficient protection against bad weather conditions, and complex installation systems contribute to these problems. Given the aforementioned problems, there arises a need to develop adaptive shelters featuring lightweight components for ease of transport, possess the ability for rapid assembly, and utilize durable materials to withstand adverse weather conditions. In this study, first, the state-of-the-art on temporary shelters is presented. Then, an adaptive temporary shelter composed of foldable plates is proposed, which can easily be assembled and transportable. The proposed shelter is deliberated upon its movement capacity, transportability, and flexibility. This study makes a valuable contribution to the literature since it not only offers a systematic analysis of temporary shelters utilizing kinetic systems but also presents a practical solution that meets the necessary design requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deployable%20structures" title="deployable structures">deployable structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foldable%20plates" title=" foldable plates"> foldable plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20migration" title=" forced migration"> forced migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20shelters" title=" temporary shelters"> temporary shelters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172199/a-temporary-shelter-proposal-for-displaced-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Mobile Systems: History, Technology, and Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivendra%20Pratap%20Singh">Shivendra Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishabh%20Sharma"> Rishabh Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread adoption of mobile technology in recent years has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. The evolution of mobile systems has been rapid and impactful, shaping our lives and changing the way we live and work. However, despite its significant influence, the history and development of mobile technology are not well understood by the general public. This research paper aims to examine the history, technology and future of mobile systems, exploring their evolution from early mobile phones to the latest smartphones and beyond. The study will analyze the technological advancements and innovations that have shaped the mobile industry, from the introduction of mobile internet and multimedia capabilities to the integration of artificial intelligence and 5G networks. Additionally, the paper will also address the challenges and opportunities facing the future of mobile technology, such as privacy concerns, battery life, and the increasing demand for high-speed internet. Finally, the paper will also provide insights into potential future developments and innovations in the mobile sector, such as foldable phones, wearable technology, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The purpose of this research paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the history, technology, and future of mobile systems, shedding light on their impact on society and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title="mobile technology">mobile technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking" title=" networking"> networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iot" title=" iot"> iot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20advancements" title=" technological advancements"> technological advancements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphones" title=" smartphones"> smartphones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168769/mobile-systems-history-technology-and-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Solar Cell Packed and Insulator Fused Panels for Efficient Cooling in Cubesat and Satellites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20K.%20Vinu">Anand K. Vinu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishnav%20Vimal"> Vaishnav Vimal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasi%20Gopalan"> Sasi Gopalan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All spacecraft components have a range of allowable temperatures that must be maintained to meet survival and operational requirements during all mission phases. Due to heat absorption, transfer, and emission on one side, the satellite surface presents an asymmetric temperature distribution and causes a change in momentum, which can manifest in spinning and non-spinning satellites in different manners. This problem can cause orbital decays in satellites which, if not corrected, will interfere with its primary objective. The thermal analysis of any satellite requires data from the power budget for each of the components used. This is because each of the components has different power requirements, and they are used at specific times in an orbit. There are three different cases that are run, one is the worst operational hot case, the other one is the worst non-operational cold case, and finally, the operational cold case. Sunlight is a major source of heating that takes place on the satellite. The way in which it affects the spacecraft depends on the distance from the Sun. Any part of a spacecraft or satellite facing the Sun will absorb heat (a net gain), and any facing away will radiate heat (a net loss). We can use the state-of-the-art foldable hybrid insulator/radiator panel. When the panels are opened, that particular side acts as a radiator for dissipating the heat. Here the insulator, in our case, the aerogel, is sandwiched with solar cells and radiator fins (solar cells outside and radiator fins inside). Each insulated side panel can be opened and closed using actuators depending on the telemetry data of the CubeSat. The opening and closing of the panels are dependent on the special code designed for this particular application, where the computer calculates where the Sun is relative to the satellites. According to the data obtained from the sensors, the computer decides which panel to open and by how many degrees. For example, if the panels open 180 degrees, the solar panels will directly face the Sun, in turn increasing the current generator of that particular panel. One example is when one of the corners of the CubeSat is facing or if more than one side is having a considerable amount of sun rays incident on it. Then the code will analyze the optimum opening angle for each panel and adjust accordingly. Another means of cooling is the passive way of cooling. It is the most suitable system for a CubeSat because of its limited power budget constraints, low mass requirements, and less complex design. Other than this fact, it also has other advantages in terms of reliability and cost. One of the passive means is to make the whole chase act as a heat sink. For this, we can make the entire chase out of heat pipes and connect the heat source to this chase with a thermal strap that transfers the heat to the chassis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20cooling" title="passive cooling">passive cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CubeSat" title=" CubeSat"> CubeSat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20satellite" title=" stationary satellite"> stationary satellite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159472/solar-cell-packed-and-insulator-fused-panels-for-efficient-cooling-in-cubesat-and-satellites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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