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The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/124550860/39370324/32605295/s200_irma.josefina_savitri.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/91891623/Inhibition_Activity_of_Water_Hyacinth_Leaf_Extract_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Against_Aggregatibacter_Actinomycetemcomitans" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichhornia Crassipes) Against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Objective: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) contains bioactive compounds that have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/irmajosefinasavitri" /> <meta name="description" content="Objective: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) contains bioactive compounds that have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of" /> <title>(PDF) Water Hyacinth Extract Inhibits A. actinomycetemcomitans</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/91891623/Inhibition_Activity_of_Water_Hyacinth_Leaf_Extract_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Against_Aggregatibacter_Actinomycetemcomitans" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739838532000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739838532000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Objective: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) contains bioactive compounds that have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of water hyacinth leaf extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that was the major cause of aggressive periodontitis. Methods: This research divided into two groups (treatment and control group). The treatment group was conducted using a serial dilution of water hyacinth leaf extract at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% in brain heart infusion broth media with A. actinomycetemcomitans suspension. The control group was prepared without water hyacinth leaf extract. All media were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Inhibition activity was measured by calculates the number of bacterial colonies on Mueller-Hinton agar media. The data were statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA. Results: There were ...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"irma josefina savitri","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/irmajosefinasavitri"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-11-29","dateModified":"2025-02-03","datePublished":"2019-06-07","headline":"Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichhornia Crassipes) Against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95050099/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Water Hyacinth","Antibacterial","Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"'Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd'"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95050099/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/91891623/Inhibition_Activity_of_Water_Hyacinth_Leaf_Extract_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Against_Aggregatibacter_Actinomycetemcomitans"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: 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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":91891623,"created_at":"2022-11-29T19:33:56.325-08:00","from_world_paper_id":221629548,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T13:04:40.464-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Objective: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) contains bioactive compounds that have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of water hyacinth leaf extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that was the major cause of aggressive periodontitis. Methods: This research divided into two groups (treatment and control group). The treatment group was conducted using a serial dilution of water hyacinth leaf extract at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% in brain heart infusion broth media with A. actinomycetemcomitans suspension. The control group was prepared without water hyacinth leaf extract. All media were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Inhibition activity was measured by calculates the number of bacterial colonies on Mueller-Hinton agar media. The data were statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA. Results: There were ...","publisher":"'Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd'","ai_title_tag":"Water Hyacinth Extract Inhibits A. actinomycetemcomitans","publication_date":"2019,6,7"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichhornia Crassipes) Against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [124550860]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":95050099,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichhornia Crassipes) Against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/95050099/mini_magick20221130-1-1qgexe4.png?1669779776" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Inhibition Activity of Water Hyacinth Leaf Extract (Eichhornia Crassipes) Against Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="124550860" href="https://independent.academia.edu/irmajosefinasavitri"><img alt="Profile image of irma josefina savitri" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/124550860/39370324/32605295/s65_irma.josefina_savitri.jpg" />irma josefina savitri</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 91891623; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Objective: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) contains bioactive compounds that have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial agent is required in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition activity of water hyacinth leaf extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that was the major cause of aggressive periodontitis. Methods: This research divided into two groups (treatment and control group). The treatment group was conducted using a serial dilution of water hyacinth leaf extract at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% in brain heart infusion broth media with A. actinomycetemcomitans suspension. The control group was prepared without water hyacinth leaf extract. All media were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Inhibition activity was measured by calculates the number of bacterial colonies on Mueller-Hinton agar media. The data were statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA. Results: There were ...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":95050099,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/91891623/Inhibition_Activity_of_Water_Hyacinth_Leaf_Extract_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Against_Aggregatibacter_Actinomycetemcomitans"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":95050099,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/91891623/Inhibition_Activity_of_Water_Hyacinth_Leaf_Extract_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Against_Aggregatibacter_Actinomycetemcomitans"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Water hyacinth leaf extract contains antimicrobial bioactive components such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Prevotella intermedia is one of the bacteria that cause periodontal disease. Prevotella intermedia increases in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontal disease exacerbated by hormonal changes. Therefore, water hyacinth leaf extract may affect the growth of Prevotella intermedia. Objective: To determine the inhibition activity of water hyacinth leaf extract on the growth of Prevotella intermedia. Method: This research was conducted in vitro using water hyacinth leaf extract. Which was generated using the serial dilution method to obtain Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) 90% and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) of 99,9%. The concentrations of water hyacinth leaf extract were obtained at 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5 %, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.57%, and 0.78...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inhibition activity of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf extract against Prevotella intermedia","attachmentId":102206952,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101754389/Inhibition_activity_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_leaf_extract_against_Prevotella_intermedia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101754389/Inhibition_activity_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_leaf_extract_against_Prevotella_intermedia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="104247290" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104247290/Invitro_Anti_Bacterial_Activity_of_Leaf_Extract_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Mart_Against_Significance_of_Streptococcus_Pneumoniae">Invitro Anti-Bacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Against Significance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88327105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJIRTJournal">IJIRT Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Medicinal plants play an important role nowadays by taking part in wound healing and to treat pathological conditions. Medicinal plants serve as resource for ingredients in pharmaceutical drug manufacturing. Some herbs used as nutrition, food, perfume, natural dye, pest control. Ayurveda and other Indian literature have mentioned use of herbs. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus, etc. cause various ailments in humans. The disease caused by these microorganisms are treated using antimicrobials. The present study is about antibacterial effect of leaf extract of water hyacinth (Eichhormia crassipes) against Streptococcus pneumonia by using ethanolic extract. Pneumonia is a microbial infection caused by Streptococcal pneumonia, it can affect lungs and cause sepsis by entering into bloodstream. The plant leaf extract was prepared using deionized water as solvent by Ultrasonic extraction method. The green color extracted product is filtered and placed in refrigerator for contamination free. The microorganism used is Streptococcus pneumonia and the culture medium is made of brain heart infusion broth (pH-7.6), incubated and turbidity adjusted to McFarland standard. The antibacterial activity was carried out by Agar well diffusion method, this leaf extract activity is compared with Teicoplanin potent antimicrobial agent. The antibacterial activity of water hyacinth is indicated by formation of zone of inhibition, it indicates diffusion of compounds into wall of microorganisms. These leaf extract exhibit broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Invitro Anti-Bacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Against Significance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae","attachmentId":104028055,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104247290/Invitro_Anti_Bacterial_Activity_of_Leaf_Extract_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Mart_Against_Significance_of_Streptococcus_Pneumoniae","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104247290/Invitro_Anti_Bacterial_Activity_of_Leaf_Extract_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Mart_Against_Significance_of_Streptococcus_Pneumoniae"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="115153421" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115153421/Antimicrobial_activity_of_aqueous_extracts_from_four_plants_on_bacterial_isolates_from_periodontitis_patients">Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from four plants on bacterial isolates from periodontitis patients</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="259592602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeilaArbia2">Leila Arbia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Four aqueous extracts of different plant organs are the following: Artemisia herba-alba, Opuntia ficus-indica, Camellia sinensis and Phlomis crinita were evaluated against two bacterial strains: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, which are implicated in periodontal diseases. By using a disc method, these plant extracts demonstrated powerful bacterial activity against these Gramnegative strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the four plant extracts varied between 0.03 and 590.82 mg/ml for the microbes. Another assay using commercial antibiotics and antibacterials as positive controls was also conducted. Values obtained after statistical analysis of inhibition diameters of all plant extracts demonstrated that for P. gingivalis, the aqueous extracts of A. herba-alba and O. ficus-indica were most effective, followed by those of C. sinensis and P. crinita. For P. intermedia, aqueous extracts of O. ficus-indica and C. sinensis appeared to be more efficient with significantly different (P > 0.05) inhibition diameters, followed by those of O. ficus-indica and P. crinita. In summary, the statistical results reveal that these plant extracts exert stronger antibacterial activity on P. intermedia germ as compared to P. gingivalis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from four plants on bacterial isolates from periodontitis patients","attachmentId":111644991,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115153421/Antimicrobial_activity_of_aqueous_extracts_from_four_plants_on_bacterial_isolates_from_periodontitis_patients","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115153421/Antimicrobial_activity_of_aqueous_extracts_from_four_plants_on_bacterial_isolates_from_periodontitis_patients"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="81643322" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81643322/Antibacterial_activity_anti_adherence_and_anti_biofilm_activities_of_plants_extracts_against_Aggregatibacter_actinomycetemcomitans_An_in_vitro_study_in_Hilla_City_Iraq">Antibacterial activity, anti-adherence and anti-biofilm activities of plants extracts against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study in Hilla City, Iraq</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162310106" href="https://guilan.academia.edu/cjes">Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences , 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The current study was designed to establish the antibacterial efficacy of various extracts from medicinal plants. The inhibition effects of six plants including Viscus album, Apium graveolens, Melissa officinalis, Plantago ovata, Senna acutifolia, and Vitis vinifera were examined against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which obtained from dental caries patient. The output showed that the tested bacterial isolates were greatly sensitive to M. officinalis and S. acutifolia and their maximum inhibition zones were 35 mm and 33 mm respectively. The tested bacterial isolates were greatly sensitive to M. officinalis and S. acutifolia in comparison with the antibiotic. According to the well-diffusion test results, the crude aqueous extracts from the plants showed varying degrees of inhibition of bacterial growth. Moreover, these medicinal plant extracts were a promising group of natural product sources that can be examined to continue developing products through the use of oral medicines and health care.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antibacterial activity, anti-adherence and anti-biofilm activities of plants extracts against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study in Hilla City, Iraq","attachmentId":87616807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81643322/Antibacterial_activity_anti_adherence_and_anti_biofilm_activities_of_plants_extracts_against_Aggregatibacter_actinomycetemcomitans_An_in_vitro_study_in_Hilla_City_Iraq","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81643322/Antibacterial_activity_anti_adherence_and_anti_biofilm_activities_of_plants_extracts_against_Aggregatibacter_actinomycetemcomitans_An_in_vitro_study_in_Hilla_City_Iraq"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="25224321" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25224321/Photochemical_antioxidant_and_antibacterial_activities_of_some_extracts_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_leaves">Photochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of some extracts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25026101" href="https://uobaghdad.academia.edu/KaisKassim">Kais Kassim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some extracts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (ethanol, aqueous and chloroform) were studied; also phytochemical screening of constituents of these extracts has been investigated. The preliminary phytochemical tests results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and proteins in all extracts, while phenols present in ethanol and chloroform extracts. Also it was found that tannins present in aqueous extract, saponins in chloroform extract and terpenoids in ethanol extract, while anthocyanins absence in all extracts. It was found that ethanol extract had obvious antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates, with highest inhibition zone toward S. aureus (20 mm). Aqueous extract revealed very weak antibacterial activity, while chloroform extract caused a good antibacterial activity against S. faecalis with inhibition zone (16 mm). A. hydrophila was the most resistant bacterium. Ethanol extract (at concentration 100 μg/ml) caused (85.6%) lipid peroxidation inhibition of linoleic acid emulsion, this activity was greater than aqueous extract (28.8%) and chloroform extract (64%), and was closed to antioxidant activity of standard-tocopherol (81.8%). All concentrations (25-100% μg/ml) of ethanol extract showed significant antioxidant activity when compared to standard-tocopherol. The present study showed that the devastating aquatic weed, with strong antimicrobial and atioxidant potentials and presence of biologically active phytochemicals, may be useful for developing alternative compounds to treat infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Photochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of some extracts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves","attachmentId":45533911,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25224321/Photochemical_antioxidant_and_antibacterial_activities_of_some_extracts_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_leaves","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25224321/Photochemical_antioxidant_and_antibacterial_activities_of_some_extracts_of_water_hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_leaves"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="77751472" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77751472/Evaluation_of_the_Chemical_Compounds_and_Antioxidant_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_the_Leaves_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Water_Hyacinth_">Evaluation of the Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36400254" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shivanedaei">shiva nedaei</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Water hyacinth (WH) is an aquatic weed and one of the most productive plants on earth, causing serious environmental problems. Herein, some nutritional and phytochemical constituents of WH were investigated. Methods: Chemical analysis of Eichhornia Crassipes was carried out to determine total ash, humidity, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant were determined using the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, and HPLC was performed to quantify eight phenolic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were also evaluated. Results: The dry matter, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract contents of WH constituted 9.4, 12.9, 24, 11.5, 49.9, and 1.7%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were 491.2 ± 31.9 and 258.3 ± 10.8 ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluation of the Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth)","attachmentId":85034759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77751472/Evaluation_of_the_Chemical_Compounds_and_Antioxidant_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_the_Leaves_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Water_Hyacinth_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77751472/Evaluation_of_the_Chemical_Compounds_and_Antioxidant_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_the_Leaves_of_Eichhornia_Crassipes_Water_Hyacinth_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="95482964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95482964/Synergistic_antibacterial_activity_of_herbal_extracts_with_antibiotics_on_bacteria_responsible_for_periodontitis">Synergistic antibacterial activity of herbal extracts with antibiotics on bacteria responsible for periodontitis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="198116741" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NazimaNisar">Nazima Nisar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction: Development of bacterial resistance and antimicrobial side-effect has shifted the focus of research toward Ethnopharmacology. A biologically active compound derived from the plants may increase the effectiveness of antibiotic when used in combination. The present study aims to determine the synergistic antibacterial effect of ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum (pericarp), Commiphora molmol, Azadirachta indica (bark) in combination with amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and azithromycin on periodontopathic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methodology: Periodontopathic bacterial strains were isolated from the plaque sample that was collected from periodontitis patients and grown under favorable conditions. Susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics and extracts was determined by disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Minimum inhibitory c...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Synergistic antibacterial activity of herbal extracts with antibiotics on bacteria responsible for periodontitis","attachmentId":97653072,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95482964/Synergistic_antibacterial_activity_of_herbal_extracts_with_antibiotics_on_bacteria_responsible_for_periodontitis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95482964/Synergistic_antibacterial_activity_of_herbal_extracts_with_antibiotics_on_bacteria_responsible_for_periodontitis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="9394681" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9394681/Antimicrobial_activity_of_medicinal_plants_against_oral_microorganisms">Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against oral microorganisms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21812119" href="https://davenport.academia.edu/JeanPierreEloff">Jean Pierre Eloff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ethanol extracts of eight plant species used traditionally in South Africa for the treatment of oral diseases were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens namely Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, Candida albicans, Porphyromonus gingivalis, Privotella intermedia and Streptococcus mutans using the disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extracts were determined against these microorganisms using micro dilution. The cytotoxicity and therapeutic index (TI) of selected active extracts were also determined. Out of eight plants, six (Annona senegalensis, Englerophytum magalismontanum, Dicerocarym senecioides, Euclea divinorum, Euclea natalensis, Solanum panduriforme and Parinari curatellifolia) exhibited MIC values ranging from 25.0 mg/ml to 0.8 mg/ml. Gram negative bacteria were found to be more resistant to the plant extracts than Gram positive bacteria, except for Euclea natalensis which inhibited all three Gram negative bacteria tested in this study. All plant extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity on the Vero cell line. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of all plants tested range from 92.3 to 285.1 g/ml.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against oral microorganisms","attachmentId":47799787,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9394681/Antimicrobial_activity_of_medicinal_plants_against_oral_microorganisms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9394681/Antimicrobial_activity_of_medicinal_plants_against_oral_microorganisms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="50440032" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50440032/An_In_Vitro_Evaluation_of_Antibacterial_Efficacy_of_Various_Concentration_of_Eucalyptus_globulus_Leaf_Extract_on_Periodontal_Pathogens">An In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Various Concentration of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract on Periodontal Pathogens</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="121546636" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrMohammadJALALUDDIN">Dr Mohammad JALALUDDIN</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on periodontal pathogens. Materials and methods: Matured, healthy and disease-free leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were collected. The leaves were washed under tap water and finally dried in an oven at a temperature of 45°C for 48 hours. The dried plants were ground in an electric blender to make them into a powder. The powder was mixed with 100% ethanol and kept it inside a shaker overnight at 35°C. The mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,500 rpm. Three different concentrations (10%, 50%, and 100% v/v) were used as antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was considered as positive control and dimethyl formamide was considered as negative control against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the extract's antibacterial activity against the test organisms. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the diameter of antibacterial activity showing the zone of inhibition in millimeters. Results: Eucalyptus globulus with 100% concentration showed a maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (5.38 ± 0.32 mm, 4.82 ± 0.11 mm) followed by 50% and 10% accordingly. The negative control of dimethyl formamide showed a zone of inhibition of 0.48 ± 0.96 mm and 0.63 ± 0.20 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The positive control of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 8.46 ± 1.02 mm and 7.18 ± 0.54 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant antibacterial efficacy in 0.2% chlorhexidine and 100% concentration Eucalyptus globulus. Conclusion: A significant maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was showed by 100% concentration of Eucalyptus globulus. Clinical significance: Other than the systemic diseases treatment, Eucalyptus globulus also serves as an effective promising alternative to antibiotics in the prevention of oral infections because of the natural phytochemicals existing in them.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Various Concentration of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract on Periodontal Pathogens","attachmentId":68427889,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50440032/An_In_Vitro_Evaluation_of_Antibacterial_Efficacy_of_Various_Concentration_of_Eucalyptus_globulus_Leaf_Extract_on_Periodontal_Pathogens","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50440032/An_In_Vitro_Evaluation_of_Antibacterial_Efficacy_of_Various_Concentration_of_Eucalyptus_globulus_Leaf_Extract_on_Periodontal_Pathogens"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="50942322" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50942322/Allelopathic_Effects_of_Water_Hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_">Allelopathic Effects of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80330396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sanaashanab">sanaa shanab</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms is an invasive weed known to out-compete native plants and negatively affect microbes including phytoplankton. The spread and population density of E. crassipes will be favored by global warming. The aim here was to identify compounds that underlie the effects on microbes. The entire plant of E. crassipes was collected from El Zomor canal, River Nile (Egypt), washed clean, then air dried. Plant tissue was extracted three times with methanol and fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The crude methanolic extract and five fractions from TLC (A-E) were tested for antimicrobial (bacteria and fungal) and anti-algal activities (green microalgae and cyanobacteria) using paper disc diffusion bioassay. The crude extract as well as all five TLC fractions exhibited antibacterial activities against both the Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus faecalis; and the Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were not inhibited by either E. crassipes crude extract nor its five fractions. In contrast, Candida albicans (yeast) was inhibited by all. Some antialgal activity of the crude extract and its fractions was manifest against the green microalgae; Chlorella vulgaris and Dictyochloropsis splendida as well as the cyanobacteria; Spirulina platensis and Nostoc piscinale. High antialgal activity was only recorded against Chlorella vulgaris. Identifications of the active antimicrobial and antialgal compounds of the crude extract as well as the five TLC fractions were carried out using gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy. The analyses showed the presence of an alkaloid (fraction A) and four phthalate derivatives (Fractions BE) that exhibited the antimicrobial and antialgal activities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Allelopathic Effects of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes]","attachmentId":68819290,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50942322/Allelopathic_Effects_of_Water_Hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50942322/Allelopathic_Effects_of_Water_Hyacinth_Eichhornia_crassipes_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95050099,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95050099,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_95050099" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="51788611" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51788611/Antibacterial_Activity_of_Homeopathic_Medications_Lycopodium_clavatum_and_Arsenicum_album_Against_Periodontal_Bacteria">Antibacterial Activity of Homeopathic Medications Lycopodium clavatum and Arsenicum album Against Periodontal Bacteria</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37901543" href="https://unam.academia.edu/AAlmaguerflores">A. 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