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href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Food and agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socio-economic_indicators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socio-economic_indicators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Socio-economic indicators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socio-economic_indicators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ural Economic Region</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiese_streek_Oeral" title="Ekonomiese streek Oeral – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekonomiese streek Oeral" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_iqtisadi_rayonu" title="Ural iqtisadi rayonu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ural iqtisadi rayonu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Урал иҡтисади районы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урал иҡтисади районы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_econ%C3%B2mica_de_l%27Ural" title="Regió econòmica de l'Ural – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió econòmica de l'Ural" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Урал экономика районĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Урал экономика районĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Уралонь экономикань буесь – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Уралонь экономикань буесь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_econ%C3%B3mica_del_Ural" title="Región económica del Ural – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región económica del Ural" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="منطقه اقتصادی اورال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه اقتصادی اورال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_%C3%A9conomique_de_l%27Oural" title="Région économique de l'Oural – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région économique de l'Oural" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9igi%C3%BAn_Eacnama%C3%ADochta_na_h%C3%9Araile" title="Réigiún Eacnamaíochta na hÚraile – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réigiún Eacnamaíochta na hÚraile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_ekonomi_Ural" title="Wilayah ekonomi Ural – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah ekonomi Ural" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="המחוז הכלכלי של אורל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המחוז הכלכלי של אורל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%A1li_Gazdas%C3%A1gi_K%C3%B6rzet" title="Uráli Gazdasági Körzet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uráli Gazdasági Körzet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economische_regio_Oeral" title="Economische regio Oeral – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Economische regio Oeral" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="ウラル経済地区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウラル経済地区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="اورال اقتصادی علاقہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اورال اقتصادی علاقہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Uralski" title="Region Uralski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Region Uralski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Econ%C3%B4mica_dos_Urais" title="Região Econômica dos Urais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região Econômica dos Urais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Уральский экономический район – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уральский экономический район" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ураал экономика оройуона – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ураал экономика оройуона" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="යූරල් ආර්ථික ප්‍රදේශය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යූරල් ආර්ථික ප්‍රදේශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralsk%C3%BD_ekonomick%C3%BD_raj%C3%B3n" title="Uralský ekonomický rajón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uralský ekonomický rajón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralin_talousalue" title="Uralin talousalue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uralin talousalue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="เขตเศรษฐกิจยูรัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตเศรษฐกิจยูรัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Уральський економічний район – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уральський економічний район" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="اورال اقتصادی علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اورال اقتصادی علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF_Ural" title="Vùng kinh tế Ural – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng kinh tế Ural" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="乌拉尔经济地区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌拉尔经济地区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q690566#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ural_Economic_Region" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ural_Economic_Region" 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</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.8333°N 60.5833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.8333; 60.5833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_economic_region&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural economic region">Ural economic region</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Economic region in Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ural Economic Region</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ru">Ура́льский экономи́ческий райо́н</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yekaterinburg, the largest city in the region"><img alt="Yekaterinburg, the largest city in the region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/250px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/375px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg/500px-E-burg_asv2019-05_img46_view_from_VysotSky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7739" data-file-height="5159" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Yekaterinburg, the largest city in the region</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_(with_Crimea).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Ural Economic Region"><img alt="Map of Ural Economic Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg/250px-Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg/375px-Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg/500px-Map_of_Russia_-_Urals_economic_region_%28with_Crimea%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Ural Economic Region</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">823,270 km<sup>2</sup> (317,870 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">(2021)</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,416,392</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">22/km<sup>2</sup> (58/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ruble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ruble">₽</a> 11,326 billion<br /> <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 154.034 billion (2021)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ural Economic Region</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Ура́льский экономи́ческий райо́н</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Ural'skiy ekonomicheskiy rayon</i></span>) is one of twelve <a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">economic regions of Russia</a>. This prominent industrial region consists of the following subdivisions (with their administrative centers): <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk Oblast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan Oblast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurgan,_Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>), <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk Oblast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia">Udmurt Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>). It is mostly located in the Central, and partly in the Southern and Northern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Urals</a>, but also includes parts of the <a href="/wiki/East_European_Plain" title="East European Plain">East European</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plains</a>. Its extent is different from that of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Federal_District" title="Ural Federal District">Ural Federal District</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a> are in the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a> while the other three are in the Ural Federal District. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_natural_resources">Geography and natural resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography and natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chusovaya_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chusovaya_001.jpg/220px-Chusovaya_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chusovaya_001.jpg/330px-Chusovaya_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chusovaya_001.jpg/440px-Chusovaya_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Lower part of the <a href="/wiki/Chusovaya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Chusovaya River">Chusovaya River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The region is crossed by rivers belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Region">Volga basin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishera_River_(Perm_Krai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishera River (Perm Krai)">Vishera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chusovaya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Chusovaya River">Chusovaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara River">Samara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ob_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ob River">Ob basin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobol_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobol River">Tobol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iset_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Iset River">Iset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tura_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura River">Tura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tavda_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavda River">Tavda</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a> basin. Their potential hydropower resources are estimated at 3.3 million kilowatts. By 2010, there are only two dams and associated reservoirs, both on the Kama River: Votkinsk Reservoir and <a href="/wiki/Kama_Reservoir" title="Kama Reservoir">Kama Reservoir</a>. The climate is temperate continental in the western and continental in the eastern part of the region. More than 40% of the area is covered by taiga forests having the timber reserves of 3.5 billion cubic meters. The southern part is dominated by the steppe, which is largely cultivated.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is exceptionally rich in various ores and minerals, such as valuable <a href="/wiki/Chalcopyrite" title="Chalcopyrite">chalcopyrite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel_oxide" title="Nickel oxide">nickel oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">chromite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">magnetite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> salts, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, as well as coal, oil and natural gas. The area is famous for semi-precious stones, such as <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethyst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_(gemstone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquamarine (gemstone)">aquamarine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">rhodonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">malachite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bse1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg/220px-Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg/330px-Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Magnitogorsk_steel_production_facility_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works">Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works</a> in the 1920s-30s</figcaption></figure> <p>Ural economic region accounted for 10 per cent of the national GRP in 2008. It has a diverse and complex structure of machinery and metal industries. Nationwide importance have ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemistry, mining of minerals and natural gas, logging and <a href="/wiki/Wood_processing" title="Wood processing">wood processing</a>. The Ural industry is characterized by the high concentration of production around certain areas, such as transport hubs, close cooperation between different branches and recycling of industrial waste. The timber production is concentrated in the north and agriculture mostly in the south. The areas of the Central Ural regions on the both sides of the Ural Mountains (Sverdlovsk, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Orsk) are dominated by mining and processing of metals and suburban agriculture. The basin of Kama River (Berezniki, Solikamsk, Perm, Krasnokamsk, <a href="/wiki/Chaykovsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Chaykovsky, Perm Krai">Chaikovsky</a>) has developed chemical, timber and wood processing industries, machine building and some areas of agriculture (mostly potato, vegetable and dairy products).<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metallurgical industry is one of the oldest in the region and is based on the rich local deposits. Major metalworking enterprises are <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works">Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhniy_Tagil_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works">Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Tube_Rolling_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant">Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant</a>. They process ores not only from the Urals, but also from Kazakhstan and the <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Magnetic_Anomaly" title="Kursk Magnetic Anomaly">Kursk Magnetic Anomaly</a>, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coking coal</a> for their operation is brought from <a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kuzbass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda">Karaganda</a> coal basins. There are also many reconstructed historical plants. More than half of the iron ore for metallurgy comes from deposits of Magnitogorsk, <a href="/wiki/Pervouralsk" title="Pervouralsk">Pervouralsk</a>, Bakalsk and <a href="/wiki/Vysokogorsky_District" title="Vysokogorsky District">Vysokogorsky Districts</a>. It is used not only for traditional metalworking, but there is also a large-scale production of <a href="/wiki/Ferroalloy" title="Ferroalloy">ferroalloys</a>. A major mining plant was opened near <a href="/wiki/Kachkanar" title="Kachkanar">Kachkanar</a> in 1963 to process the abundant titanomagnetite ores of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pntz_vert_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pntz_vert_view.jpg/220px-Pntz_vert_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pntz_vert_view.jpg/330px-Pntz_vert_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pntz_vert_view.jpg/440px-Pntz_vert_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Tube_Rolling_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant">Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ural economic region contains major metallurgical and chemical enterprises of Russia, such as <a href="/wiki/Uralmash" title="Uralmash">Uralmash</a>, Uralkhimmash, Uralhydromash, etc. There are also major machinery plants producing freight wagons (Nizhny Tagil), cars and motorcycles (<a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural_Automotive_Plant" title="Ural Automotive Plant">Ural Automotive Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miass" title="Miass">Miass</a>), tractors (Chelyabinsk and <a href="/wiki/Orsk" title="Orsk">Orsk</a>), machine-tools (in Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Alapaevsk, etc.). The chemical industry of the region is focused on the production of basic chemicals such as potassium and magnesium salts (Berezniki, <a href="/wiki/Solikamsk" title="Solikamsk">Solikamsk</a>), fertilizers (Berezniki, Solikamsk, <a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnouralsk" title="Krasnouralsk">Krasnouralsk</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> and its derivatives. Developed is also production of <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke (fuel)</a>, rubber, paint, synthetic fibers and yarns, plastics and resins (Sverdlovsk, Nizhny Tagil, etc.), alcohols (Orsk), as well as <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry" title="Petrochemical industry">petrochemical industry</a> (Perm, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg). Ural is one of the most important Russian mining and processing regions of talc (<a href="/wiki/Miass" title="Miass">Miass</a> deposit), <a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">magnesite</a> (Satka field) and construction materials. In 1975, it produced 14.6 million tonnes of cement and 6.8 million cubic meters of precast reinforced concrete structures and components. About half of the harvested timber is processed locally, in Perm, Krasnokamsk, Tavda, Krasnovishersk and other cities, mostly for paper (1 million tonnes in 1973), sawn timber and plywood (213,000 m<sup>2</sup> in 1973). Unprocessed timber is floated down the Kama to the Volga area.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is significant mining of coal (in Kizelovsky, Serovsky and Chelyabinsk areas), oil (Kama and Orenburg areas), gas and peat, but it is not sufficient for the industry and therefore Urals imports coal from the Kuzbass and Karaganda, gas (from Western Siberia and Central Asia) and oil. Refining centers are in Perm, Krasnokamsk and Orsk. Orenburg is the center of gas production and has one of Europe's largest gas condensate deposits. Electricity is provided by a network of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_stations_in_Russia_and_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal power stations in Russia and Soviet Union">thermal</a> and hydroelectric power stations and by the <a href="/wiki/Beloyarsk_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station">Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station</a>. The electrical network is connected to the power grids of the Tyumen and <a href="/wiki/Aktobe_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktobe Province">Aktobe</a> regions and the central European parts of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_and_agriculture">Food and agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Food and agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The food industry of the Ural economic region specializes in producing wheat, meat and dairy, mostly around the major industrial centers. Most fields are located in southern areas. The land division is as follows (all data below are likely from 1970s): arable land 17.8 million hectares, hayfields 2.9 million ha, pastures 7 million hectares. The irrigated area is 128 hectares and 70 thousand hectares are drained. The total sown area is 16.4 million ha, of which 10.9 million ha is used for grains, 4.9 million ha for <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a> crops, 0.1 million ha for technical sunflower and <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> and 0.5 million ha for potatoes and vegetables. Grains are dominated by the spring wheat (5.7 million hectares). Greenhouse farming is well-developed in this region. Livestock (1980s) was 3,900,000 cattle and 2,300,000 cows, 2,000,000 pigs, 4,600,000 sheep and goats, 34,600,000 items of poultry. Food and closes industries produce flour, meat and dairy, leather and footwear, garment and textile. There is a factory of linen (Sverdlovsk) and plants producing synthetic silk (<a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaykovsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Chaykovsky, Perm Krai">Chaikovsky</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg/220px-Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg/330px-Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg/440px-Perm_asv2019-05_img02_Kama_River_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7290" data-file-height="4101" /></a><figcaption>River port and railway bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Kama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama River">Kama River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Trains account for most transport in the region with the operational length of railways about 10,000 km. Most important railways are latitudinal, crossing the Central and Southern Ural in six places: Nizhny Tagil – Perm, Sverdlovsk – Perm, Sverdlovsk – Kazan, Chelyabinsk – Ufa, Orsk – Orenburg and Magnitogorsk – West Siberia. Because of the high traffic density, most railways are electrified. The region is crossed by several major pipelines supplying and transporting natural gas from the Tyumen Oblast and Central Asia and oil from Western Siberia. There is industrial navigation on the Kama River.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major cities have local and domestic airports, with the major airline carrier being <a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines" title="Ural Airlines">Ural Airlines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Socio-economic_indicators">Socio-economic indicators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Socio-economic indicators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being one of the most populated areas of Russia, Ural economic region has a large <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP), mostly due to the urban economic activity. The GDP per capita is above the national average, but the average monthly wages are lower than those in the major central-Russian cities such as Moscow and Saint Petersburg. The fraction of wages paid in full is below the national average. Most industry is based on large enterprises; their structure has not been affected much by the privatization and reforms after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The proportion of employees in ex-Soviet enterprises in the Urals is above the national average, while the proportion in new private enterprises is well below average.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Ural_State_University" title="South Ural State University">South Ural State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urals_Academy_of_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals Academy of Architecture">Urals Academy of Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Ural Philharmonic Orchestra">Ural Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural-Siberian_method" title="Ural-Siberian method">Ural-Siberian method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_State_University" title="Ural State University">Ural State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_State_Technical_University" title="Ural State Technical University">Ural State Technical University</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ural_Economic_Region&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx">"Валовой региональный продукт"</a>. <i>rosstat.gov.ru</i>.</cite><span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article114394.html">"Ural (economic region)"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ural+%28economic+region%29&rft.pub=Great+Soviet+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle114394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUral+Economic+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bse1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bse1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article114360.html">"Ural (geographical)"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ural+%28geographical%29&rft.pub=Great+Soviet+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbse.sci-lib.com%2Farticle114360.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUral+Economic+Region" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abdn.ac.uk/cspp/Urals-1.shtml">Urals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070121122848/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/cspp/Urals-1.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-01-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Aberdeen</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Russia" title="Template:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Industrialization in the Russian Empire">Industrialization in the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Russian_Empire_after_the_abolition_of_serfdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom">Economy of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Russia" title="Privatization in Russia">Privatization</a></li> <li>Financial crises <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Russian_financial_crisis" title="1998 Russian financial crisis">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2017)">2014–2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li>Monetary reforms in Russia (<a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_the_Soviet_Union,_1991" title="Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1993" title="Monetary reform in Russia, 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_reform_in_Russia,_1998" title="Monetary reform in Russia, 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modification_of_banknotes_of_the_Russian_ruble_(2022%E2%80%942025)" title="Modification of banknotes of the Russian ruble (2022—2025)">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Priority_Projects" title="National Priority Projects">National Priority Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation">Stabilization Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Russia" title="Great Recession in Russia">Great Recession in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medvedev_modernisation_programme" title="Medvedev modernisation programme">Medvedev modernisation programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Russia" title="Coal in Russia">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Russia">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Russia" title="Geothermal power in Russia">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia" title="Natural gas in Russia">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia" title="Nuclear power in Russia">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Engineering <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="Rolling stock manufacturers of Russia">Rolling stock manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor,_timber_and_agricultural_machinery_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery in the Soviet Union">Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_of_Russia" title="Food industry of Russia">Food industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Russia" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Russia">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chemical_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Chemical Industry">Chemical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_of_Russia" title="Metallurgy of Russia">Metallurgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe Industry of Russia">Pipe Industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Russia" title="Rail transport in Russia">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Russia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Russia">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_retailing_in_Russia" title="Grocery retailing in Russia">Grocery retailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_Russia" title="Information technology in Russia">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry_of_Russia" title="Music industry of Russia">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_ruble" title="Digital ruble">Digital ruble</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account_Chamber_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Account Chamber of Russia">Account Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Russia" title="List of banks in Russia">Banks</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Treasury_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Treasury (Russia)">Federal Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Card_Payment_System" title="Russian National Card Payment System">National Card Payment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Compulsory_Medical_Insurance_Fund_(Russia)" title="Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (Russia)">Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_and_Social_Insurance_Fund_of_Russia" title="Pension and Social Insurance Fund of Russia">Pension and Social Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Insurance_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation">Social Insurance Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_in_Russia" title="Stock market in Russia">Stock market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_stamps_of_Russia" title="Excise stamps of Russia">Excise stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_billionaires_by_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian billionaires by net worth">Billionaires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional economies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Primorsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources of Primorsky Krai">Natural resources of Primorsky Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_federal_districts_by_GDP" title="List of Russian federal districts by GDP">Federal districts by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by GRP">Federal subjects by GRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by GDP per capita">Federal subjects by GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index">Federal subjects by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_poverty_rate" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by poverty rate">Federal subjects by poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_Unemployment_Rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal subjects of Russia by Unemployment Rate">Federal subjects by unemployment rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Economic_Region" title="Central Economic Region">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural economic region">Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Caucasus economic region">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga economic region">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="West Siberian economic region">West Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="East Siberian economic region">East Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga-Vyatka_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga-Vyatka economic region">Volga-Vyatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern economic region">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Black_Earth_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Black Earth economic region">Central Black Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Eastern economic region">Far Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_economic_region_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern economic region (Russia)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliningrad economic region">Kaliningrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Russia" title="List of companies of Russia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Russia" title="List of exports of Russia">Exports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_grain_exports" title="Russian grain exports">grain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russian oligarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_Russia" title="Income in Russia">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Russia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Russia">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_economy_of_Russia" title="Shadow economy of Russia">Shadow economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_business_entity_in_Russia" title="Types of business entity in Russia">Types of business entity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Russia" title="Category:Economy of Russia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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