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class="mw-page-title-main">Papyrus 47</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">New Testament manuscript</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Papyrus <b><span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>47</sup></span></b></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript#New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Biblical manuscript">New Testament manuscript</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_47_Rev_13,16-14.4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Papyrus_47_Rev_13%2C16-14.4.jpg/250px-Papyrus_47_Rev_13%2C16-14.4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Papyrus_47_Rev_13%2C16-14.4.jpg/375px-Papyrus_47_Rev_13%2C16-14.4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Papyrus_47_Rev_13%2C16-14.4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> 9:10-17:2 †</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">3rd century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Script</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Found</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Now at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Library" title="Chester Beatty Library">Chester Beatty Library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cite</th><td class="infobox-data">F. G. Kenyon, <i>The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri</i> III, (London, 1934).</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">Category</a></th><td class="infobox-data">I</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Note</th><td class="infobox-data">close to <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Sinaiticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncial_0308" title="Uncial 0308">0308</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Papyrus 47</b> (<b><i>P. Chester Beatty</i> III</b>), designated by <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">siglum</a> <span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>47</sup></span> (in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript#Gregory-Aland" title="Biblical manuscript">Gregory-Aland</a> numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is an early Greek <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> written on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a>, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the <a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Papyri" title="Chester Beatty Papyri">Chester Beatty Papyri</a>. Manuscripts among the <a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Papyri" title="Chester Beatty Papyri">Chester Beatty Papyri</a> have had several places of discovery associated with them, the most likely being <a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">the Faiyum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the study of comparative writing styles (<a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeography</a>), it has been dated to the early 3rd century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The codex contains text from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> chapters 9 through 17. It is currently housed at the <a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Library" title="Chester Beatty Library">Chester Beatty Library</a> (Inv. 14. 1. 527) in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aland_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-INTF_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INTF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, the <a href="/wiki/CSNTM" class="mw-redirect" title="CSNTM">CSNTM</a> in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Hendrickson_Publishers" title="Hendrickson Publishers">Hendrickson Publishers</a> released a new 1:1 high-resolution imaged facsimile edition of <span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>47</sup></span> on black and white backgrounds, along with <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">𝔓<sup>45</sup></a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_46" title="Papyrus 46">𝔓<sup>46</sup></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_47&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), written with black ink on papyrus. The manuscript is quite fragmented, containing the text of Revelation 9:10-11:3; 11:5-16:15; and 16:17-17:2. The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a> (the text-types are groups of different manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups, which are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_text-type" title="Western text-type">Western</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_text-type" title="Byzantine text-type">Byzantine</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-metz-ehrman_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metz-ehrman-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 205–230">: 205–230 </span></sup> Biblical scholar <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Aland" title="Kurt Aland">Kurt Aland</a> ascribed it as a <i>Normal text</i>, and placed it in <a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts#Category_I" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">Category I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aland_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aland-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text of this manuscript is closest to <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (<span style="font-size:120%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">א</span>‎</span>), and together they are witnesses for one of the early textual types of the Book of Revelation.<sup id="cite_ref-entm_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another type is represented by the manuscripts <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">Papyrus 115 (<span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>115</sup></span>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (A), and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Ephraemi">Codex Ephraemi</a> (C).<sup id="cite_ref-entm_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text in <span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>47</sup></span>-<span style="font-size:120%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">א</span>‎</span> is considered to be an inferior witness to the text of Revelation as opposed to that of <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">𝔓<sup>115</sup></a></span>-A-C.<sup id="cite_ref-entm_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 76, 301, 391">: 76, 301, 391 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_47&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">List of New Testament papyri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_47&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See main <a href="/wiki/Chester_Beatty_Papyri" title="Chester Beatty Papyri">Chester Beatty Papyri</a> page for full info.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFP._OrsiniW._Clarysse2012" class="citation journal cs1">P. Orsini; W. Clarysse (2012). "Early New Testament Manuscripts and Their Dates: A Critique of Theological Palaeography". <i>Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses</i>. <b>88</b> (4): 470.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ephemerides+Theologicae+Lovanienses&rft.atitle=Early+New+Testament+Manuscripts+and+Their+Dates%3A+A+Critique+of+Theological+Palaeography&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=470&rft.date=2012&rft.au=P.+Orsini&rft.au=W.+Clarysse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aland-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aland_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aland_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlandAland1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Aland" title="Kurt Aland">Aland, Kurt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Aland" title="Barbara Aland">Aland, Barbara</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC"><i>The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism</i></a>. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4098-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-4098-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Critical+Editions+and+to+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+Modern+Textual+Criticism&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1&rft.aulast=Aland&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Aland%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pYDsAhUOxAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INTF-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INTF_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10047">"Liste Handschriften"</a>. Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liste+Handschriften&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Institute+for+New+Testament+Textual+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fintf.uni-muenster.de%2Fvmr%2FNTVMR%2FListeHandschriften.php%3FObjID%3D10047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/CSNTM" class="mw-redirect" title="CSNTM">CSNTM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csntm.org/2020/07/22/csntm-and-hendrickson-publishers-to-publish-third-century-new-testament-papyri-facsimiles/"><i>CSNTM and Hendrickson Publishers to Publish Third-Century New Testament Papyri Facsimiles</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metz-ehrman-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metz-ehrman_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce Manning</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (2005). <i>The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration</i> (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-516667-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-516667-1"><bdi>0-19-516667-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+New+Testament%3A+Its+Transmission%2C+Corruption+and+Restoration&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-516667-1&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+Manning&rft.au=Ehrman%2C+Bart+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entm-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entm_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entm_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entm_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComfort2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Comfort" title="Philip Comfort">Comfort, Philip Wesley</a> (2005). <i>Encountering the Manuscripts. An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism</i>. Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-3145-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-3145-2"><bdi>978-0-8054-3145-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encountering+the+Manuscripts.+An+Introduction+to+New+Testament+Paleography+%26+Textual+Criticism&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Broadman+%26+Holman+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-3145-2&rft.aulast=Comfort&rft.aufirst=Philip+Wesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_47&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon1934" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_G._Kenyon" title="Frederic G. Kenyon">Kenyon, Frederic G.</a> (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chesterbeatty.ie/assets/uploads/2018/11/Biblical-Papyri-Descriptions-and-Texts-of-Twelve-Manuscripts-on-Payprus-of-the-Greek-Bible-III-text-Opt.pdf"><i>The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible: Fasciculus III - Pauline Epistles and Revelation (Text)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Emery Walker Limited. pp. xi–xiii, 17–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chester+Beatty+Biblical+Papyri%2C+Descriptions+and+Texts+of+Twelve+Manuscripts+on+Papyrus+of+the+Greek+Bible%3A+Fasciculus+III+-+Pauline+Epistles+and+Revelation+%28Text%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xi-xiii%2C+17-35&rft.pub=Emery+Walker+Limited&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=Frederic+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchesterbeatty.ie%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F11%2FBiblical-Papyri-Descriptions-and-Texts-of-Twelve-Manuscripts-on-Payprus-of-the-Greek-Bible-III-text-Opt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon1936" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_G._Kenyon" title="Frederic G. Kenyon">Kenyon, Frederic G.</a> (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chesterbeatty.ie/assets/uploads/2018/11/The-Chester-Beatty-Biblical-Papyri-Descriptions-and-Texts-of-Twelve-Manuscripts-on-Papyrus-of-The-Greek-Bible-Fasciculus-III.pdf"><i>The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible: Fasciculus III - Revelation (Plates)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Emery Walker Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chester+Beatty+Biblical+Papyri%2C+Descriptions+and+Texts+of+Twelve+Manuscripts+on+Papyrus+of+the+Greek+Bible%3A+Fasciculus+III+-+Revelation+%28Plates%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Emery+Walker+Limited&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=Frederic+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchesterbeatty.ie%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F11%2FThe-Chester-Beatty-Biblical-Papyri-Descriptions-and-Texts-of-Twelve-Manuscripts-on-Papyrus-of-The-Greek-Bible-Fasciculus-III.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComfortDavid_P._Barrett2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Comfort" title="Philip Comfort">Comfort, Philip Wesley</a>; David P. Barrett (2001). <i>The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts</i>. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 335–351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8423-5265-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8423-5265-9"><bdi>978-0-8423-5265-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+Earliest+New+Testament+Greek+Manuscripts&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=335-351&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8423-5265-9&rft.aulast=Comfort&rft.aufirst=Philip+Wesley&rft.au=David+P.+Barrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2017" class="citation book cs1">Malik, Peter (2017). <i>P. Beatty III (<span class="nowrap">𝔓<sup>47</sup></span>): The Codex, Its Scribe, and Its Text</i>. New Testament Tools, Studies, and Documents. Vol. 52. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34043-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34043-5"><bdi>978-90-04-34043-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P.+Beatty+III+%28%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%F0%9D%94%93%3Csup%3E47%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3A+The+Codex%2C+Its+Scribe%2C+and+Its+Text&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.series=New+Testament+Tools%2C+Studies%2C+and+Documents&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34043-5&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APapyrus+47" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_papyri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_papyri" title="Template:New Testament papyri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_papyri" title="Template talk:New Testament papyri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_papyri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament papyri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_papyri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gregory%E2%80%93Aland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory–Aland">𝔓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_1" title="Papyrus 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_208_%2B_1781" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 208 + 1781">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_6" title="Papyrus 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_8" title="Papyrus 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_9" title="Papyrus 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_10" title="Papyrus 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_11" title="Papyrus 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_12" title="Papyrus 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_13" title="Papyrus 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_14" title="Papyrus 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_15" title="Papyrus 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_16" title="Papyrus 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_17" title="Papyrus 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_18" title="Papyrus 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_19" title="Papyrus 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_20" title="Papyrus 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_21" title="Papyrus 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_22" title="Papyrus 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_23" title="Papyrus 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_24" title="Papyrus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_25" title="Papyrus 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_26" title="Papyrus 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_27" title="Papyrus 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_28" title="Papyrus 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_29" title="Papyrus 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_30" title="Papyrus 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_31" title="Papyrus 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_32" title="Papyrus 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_33" title="Papyrus 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_34" title="Papyrus 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_35" title="Papyrus 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_36" title="Papyrus 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_37" title="Papyrus 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_38" title="Papyrus 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_39" title="Papyrus 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_40" title="Papyrus 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_41" title="Papyrus 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_43" title="Papyrus 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_46" title="Papyrus 46">46</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_48" title="Papyrus 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_49" title="Papyrus 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_50" title="Papyrus 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_51" title="Papyrus 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52" title="Rylands Library Papyrus P52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_53" title="Papyrus 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_54" title="Papyrus 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_55" title="Papyrus 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_56" title="Papyrus 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_57" title="Papyrus 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_33" title="Papyrus 33">58=33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_59" title="Papyrus 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_60" title="Papyrus 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_61" title="Papyrus 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_63" title="Papyrus 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_papyrus" title="Magdalen papyrus">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_65" title="Papyrus 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_66" title="Papyrus 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_papyrus" title="Magdalen papyrus">67=64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_68" title="Papyrus 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_70" title="Papyrus 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_71" title="Papyrus 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_72" title="Papyrus 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_73" title="Papyrus 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_74" title="Papyrus 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_76" title="Papyrus 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_77" title="Papyrus 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_78" title="Papyrus 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_79" title="Papyrus 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_80" title="Papyrus 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_81" title="Papyrus 81">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_83" title="Papyrus 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_85" title="Papyrus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_86" title="Papyrus 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_87" title="Papyrus 87">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_88" title="Papyrus 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_89" title="Papyrus 89">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_90" title="Papyrus 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_91" title="Papyrus 91">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_92" title="Papyrus 92">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_93" title="Papyrus 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_94" title="Papyrus 94">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_95" title="Papyrus 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_96" title="Papyrus 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_98" title="Papyrus 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_99" title="Papyrus 99">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_100" title="Papyrus 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_101" title="Papyrus 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_102" title="Papyrus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_103" title="Papyrus 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_104" title="Papyrus 104">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_105" title="Papyrus 105">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_106" title="Papyrus 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_107" title="Papyrus 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_108" title="Papyrus 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_109" title="Papyrus 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_110" title="Papyrus 110">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_112" title="Papyrus 112">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_113" title="Papyrus 113">113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_114" title="Papyrus 114">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_116" title="Papyrus 116">116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_117" title="Papyrus 117">117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_118" title="Papyrus 118">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_119" title="Papyrus 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_120" title="Papyrus 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_121" title="Papyrus 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_122" title="Papyrus 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_123" title="Papyrus 123">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_124" title="Papyrus 124">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_125" title="Papyrus 125">125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_126" title="Papyrus 126">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_127" title="Papyrus 127">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_128" title="Papyrus 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_129" title="Papyrus 129">129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papyrus 130 (page does not exist)">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_132" title="Papyrus 132">132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_133" title="Papyrus 133">133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_134" title="Papyrus 134">134</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papyrus_135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papyrus 135 (page does not exist)">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_136" title="Papyrus 136">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_137" title="Papyrus 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_138" title="Papyrus 138">138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_139" title="Papyrus 139">139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_140" title="Papyrus 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_141" title="Papyrus 141">141</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Revelation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template talk:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Revelation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_3" title="Revelation 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_4" title="Revelation 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_5" title="Revelation 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_6" title="Revelation 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_7" title="Revelation 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_8" title="Revelation 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_9" title="Revelation 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_10" title="Revelation 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_11" title="Revelation 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_14" title="Revelation 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_15" title="Revelation 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_16" title="Revelation 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_17" title="Revelation 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_18" title="Revelation 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_19" title="Revelation 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_20" title="Revelation 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_21" title="Revelation 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_22" title="Revelation 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Gad (son of Jacob)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah (biblical person)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(tribal_patriarch)" title="Manasseh (tribal patriarch)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben (biblical person)">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (Hebrew Bible)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a>/<br />Terms/ Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon/Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">Four Living Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">Seven churches of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_trumpets" title="Seven trumpets">Seven trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_(Bible)" title="Wormwood (Bible)">Wormwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interpretation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Historicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foxe%27s_apocalyptic_thought" title="John Foxe's apocalyptic thought">by John Foxe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Textual variants in the Book of Revelation">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_18" title="Papyrus 18">Papyrus 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_24" title="Papyrus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_43" title="Papyrus 43">43</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_85" title="Papyrus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_98" title="Papyrus 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Aramaic_New_Testament_manuscript" title="Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript">Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Apocalips" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Apocalips">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Revelation">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG/30px-Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG" decoding="async" width="30" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG/45px-Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Egyptian-%E1%B8%8Ft.PNG 2x" data-file-width="59" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> or <a 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