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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_biografice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Date biografice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_biografice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opera subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lucrări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lucrări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lucrări</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lucrări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surse_primare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surse_primare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Surse primare</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surse_primare-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Surse primare subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Surse_primare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-În_franceză" 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<ul id="toc-În_engleză_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voltaire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 171 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AE%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B4%E1%88%AD" title="ቮልቴር – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቮልቴር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0" title="वोल्टेर – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वोल्टेर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="فولتير – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولتير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="فولتير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فولتير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%B0" title="ভলতেয়ৰ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভলতেয়ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Волтер – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Волтер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0" title="भोल्टेर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भोल्टेर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volter" title="Volter – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="وولتر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وولتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuolters" title="Vuolters – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuolters" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Вальтэр – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вальтэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Вальтэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вальтэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Волтер – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волтер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="वोल्तेयर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वोल्तेयर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ভলতেয়ার – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভলতেয়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AC%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%96%E1%8E%B5" title="ᏬᎵᏖᎵ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏬᎵᏖᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="ڤۆڵتێر – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤۆڵتێر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volter" title="Volter – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Volter" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βολταίρος – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολταίρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ولتر – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0" title="व्हॉल्टेर – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्हॉल्टेर" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8" title="וולטר – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="वोल्टेयर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वोल्टेयर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վոլտեր – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլտեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վոլթեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վոլթեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ヴォルテール – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルテール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/volter" title="volter – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="volter" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ვოლტერი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9A" title="វ៉ុលទែរ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ុលទែរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼테르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltarius" title="Voltarius – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Voltarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt%C4%93rs" title="Voltērs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Voltērs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0" title="भोल्टेर – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भोल्टेर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Франсоа Волтер – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франсоа Волтер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="വോൾട്ടയർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വോൾട്ടയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0" title="व्हाल्टेअर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हाल्टेअर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဗော်လ်တဲယား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗော်လ်တဲယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ولتر – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="भोल्टेयर – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भोल्टेयर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵੋਲਟੇਅਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਟੇਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="والٹیئر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="والٹیئر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BC%DB%90%D8%B1" title="ولټېر – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولټېر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Волтер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Волтер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BD%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="والٽئر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="والٽئر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ful%E1%B9%ADir" title="Fulṭir – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fulṭir" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="වොල්ටෙයාර් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වොල්ටෙයාර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Волтер – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волтер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu-e-tay%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%B0" title="Fu-e-tay伏爾泰 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Fu-e-tay伏爾泰" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வோல்ட்டயர் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வோல்ட்டயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="వోల్టెయిర్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వోల్టెయిర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Волтер – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Волтер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วอลแตร์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอลแตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B1" title="ۋولتىر – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋولتىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вольтер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="والٹیئر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="والٹیئر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%27ter" title="Vol'ter – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vol'ter" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%8E%84%E5%A4%AA" title="伏厄太 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伏厄太" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ვოლტერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვოლტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="וואלטער – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94" title="ⴼⵓⵍⵟⵉⵔ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵓⵍⵟⵉⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%B0" title="伏爾泰 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伏爾泰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Voltaire" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%B0" title="伏爾泰 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伏爾泰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" 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</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet autor" style="background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Voltaire</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re,_portrait_de_Voltaire,_d%C3%A9tail_(mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet)_-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/220px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/330px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/440px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Nume la naștere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="fr">François-Marie Arouet</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1694-11-21"><a href="/wiki/21_noiembrie" title="21 noiembrie">21 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a></time><sup id="cite_ref-ec5f4e4bec6c3774ad17e584a7778e64_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec5f4e4bec6c3774ad17e584a7778e64-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-de661d7eaa552c4de06676df71051515_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de661d7eaa552c4de06676df71051515-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Regatul Franței">Regatul Franței</a><sup id="cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1778-05-30"><a href="/wiki/30_mai" title="30 mai">30 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a></time> (83 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-718d2e3ea4673647b366b531a1be6835_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-718d2e3ea4673647b366b531a1be6835-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-e839f0de3a62473dd69fbeceb950a1b0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e839f0de3a62473dd69fbeceb950a1b0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bd08c2f6f8d620cfeae1da05acad188a_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bd08c2f6f8d620cfeae1da05acad188a-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Regatul Franței">Regatul Franței</a><sup id="cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Înmormântat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Panteonul_din_Paris" title="Panteonul din Paris">Panthéon</a><small> (<time datetime="1791-07-11">11 iulie 1791</time>)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259463" class="extiw" title="d:Q1259463"><span lang="fr">abbaye de Sellières</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">abbaye de Sellières</span> (abbey located in Aube, in France)|]]</span><small> (<time datetime="1778-05-31">31 mai 1778</time>–<time datetime="1791-07-10">10 iulie 1791</time>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-5dc51185fb0bdefe1975b0264c51d902_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5dc51185fb0bdefe1975b0264c51d902-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P119" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Părinți</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64990775" class="extiw" title="d:Q64990775"><span lang="fr">François Arouet</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">François Arouet</span> (avocat francez)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21177229" class="extiw" title="d:Q21177229"><span lang="en">Marguerite d'Aumard</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Marguerite d'Aumard</span> (mother of Voltaire)|]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P22" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">deism</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Filozof" title="Filozof">filozof</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Istoric" title="Istoric">istoric</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_esei%C8%99ti" title="Listă de eseiști">eseist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dramaturg" title="Dramaturg">dramaturg</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18814623" class="extiw" title="d:Q18814623">autobiograf</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autobiograf_(persoan%C4%83_care_%C8%99i-a_scris_autobiografia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autobiograf (persoană care și-a scris autobiografia) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18939491" class="extiw" title="d:Q18939491">diarist</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diarist_(persoan%C4%83_care_%C8%9Bine_un_jurnal_personal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diarist (persoană care ține un jurnal personal) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209498" class="extiw" title="d:Q1209498">jurist-poet</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurist-poet_(poet_with_legal_training)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurist-poet (poet with legal training) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18844224" class="extiw" title="d:Q18844224">scriitor de literatură științifico-fantastică</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scriitor_de_literatur%C4%83_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bifico-fantastic%C4%83_(person_who_writes_works_of_science_fiction)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scriitor de literatură științifico-fantastică (person who writes works of science fiction) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedist" title="Enciclopedist">enciclopedist</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589290" class="extiw" title="d:Q3589290"><span lang="en">correspondent</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">correspondent</span> (author of letters)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238570" class="extiw" title="d:Q1238570">politolog</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politolog_(expert_in_or_student_of_political_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politolog (expert in or student of political science) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">limba franceză</a><sup id="cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Pseudonim</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Voltaire,<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>Bénédictin<sup id="cite_ref-967dbe404605208351b749403f0dcf1a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-967dbe404605208351b749403f0dcf1a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P742" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Studii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Lycée Louis-le-Grand</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">limba franceză</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P6886" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99care_literar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mișcare literară">Mișcare/curent literar</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Liber-cuget%C4%83tor" title="Liber-cugetător">liber-cugetător</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism">Iluminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">deism</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P135" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Specie_(literatur%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specie (literatură)">Specie literară</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Roman_(literatur%C4%83)" title="Roman (literatură)">roman</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P136" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Opere semnificative</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><i><a href="/wiki/Candid_(carte)" title="Candid (carte)">Candid</a></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140057" class="extiw" title="d:Q140057"><span lang="fr">Zadig ou la Destinée</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Zadig ou la Destinée</span> |]]</span></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377950" class="extiw" title="d:Q377950"><span lang="fr">Zaïre</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Zaïre</span> |]]</span></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551373" class="extiw" title="d:Q2551373"><span lang="fr">Lettres philosophiques</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Lettres philosophiques</span> |]]</span></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_philosophique" title="Dictionnaire philosophique">Dictionnaire philosophique</a></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1985932" class="extiw" title="d:Q1985932"><span lang="fr">L'Ingénu</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">L'Ingénu</span> |]]</span></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431518" class="extiw" title="d:Q1431518"><span lang="fr">Le Fanatisme ou Mahomet le Prophète</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Le Fanatisme ou Mahomet le Prophète</span> |]]</span></i><br /><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19150121" class="extiw" title="d:Q19150121"><span lang="fr">Correspondance de Voltaire</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Correspondance de Voltaire</span> |]]</span></i>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P800" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="NavFrame" style=""><div class="NavHead" align="left" style="width:96%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000)"><b>Influențe</b></div><div class="NavContent" style=""><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Marcus Tullius Cicero</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lucian_din_Samosata" title="Lucian din Samosata">Lucian din Samosata</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309818" class="extiw" title="d:Q309818"><span lang="fr">Nicolas Malebranche</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Nicolas Malebranche</span> (filosof francez)|]]</span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332470" class="extiw" title="d:Q332470"><span lang="en">Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="en">Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke</span> (English politician and Viscount (1678-1751))|]]</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zarathustra" title="Zarathustra">Zarathustra</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P737" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Note</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15056034" class="extiw" title="d:Q15056034">Ordinul pentru Merit în domeniul Științei și Artelor</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinul_pentru_Merit_%C3%AEn_domeniul_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bei_%C8%99i_Artelor_(civil_class_of_the_order)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinul pentru Merit în domeniul Științei și Artelor (civil class of the order) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15631401" class="extiw" title="d:Q15631401">Membru al Societății Regale</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Membru_al_Societ%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Regale_(elected_Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_in_London,_including_Honorary,_Foreign_and_Royal_Fellows)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Membru al Societății Regale (elected Fellow of the Royal Society in London, including Honorary, Foreign and Royal Fellows) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-37f59fbf5d86ff82f3a90962334880c1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37f59fbf5d86ff82f3a90962334880c1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9068#P166" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Semnătură</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._5.svg/150px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._5.svg/225px-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B._5.svg.png 1.5x, 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formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Voltaire</b> (n. <time datetime="1694-11-21"><a href="/wiki/21_noiembrie" title="21 noiembrie">21 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Regatul Franței">Regatul Franței</a> – d. <time datetime="1778-05-30"><a href="/wiki/30_mai" title="30 mai">30 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Regatul Franței">Regatul Franței</a>) a fost un <a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filozof" title="Filozof">filosof</a>, istoric, dramaturg, satirist, prozator și epistoler al <a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism">Iluminismului</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">francez</a>. </p><p>Numele adevărat al autorului a fost <b>François-Marie Arouet</b>. Arout a adoptat pseudonimul de <i>Voltaire</i> în 1718, după încarcerarea la Bastilia. Originea pseudonimului este neclară. Este o <a href="/wiki/Anagram%C4%83" title="Anagramă">anagramă</a> a frazei <i>Li Arovet</i> (formată din <i>Le Jeune</i> (franceză, <i>tânărul</i>) și numele <i>Arouet</i> în ortografie latinizată), ca și o anagramă a numelui orașului natal <i>Airvault</i> din regiunea Poitou (<i>au</i> se citește <i>o</i>, iar <i>e</i> în Voltaire nu se pronunță). <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_biografice">Date biografice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Date biografice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Date biografice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fiul unui <a href="/wiki/Notar" title="Notar">notar</a> avut, Voltaire a urmat colegiul <a href="/wiki/Ordinul_iezuit" title="Ordinul iezuit">iezuit</a> <i>Louis le Grand</i> (<i>Ludovic cel Mare</i>). Aici și-a descoperit spiritul critic. Unchiul său l-a introdus în cercul deiștilor. La rugămintea tatălui său, în <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a> a început <a href="/wiki/Drept" title="Drept">dreptul</a>, pe care nu avea să-l termine, interesat fiind mai mult de discuțiile intelectualilor, <a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitorilor</a> și <a href="/wiki/Aristocra%C8%9Bie" title="Aristocrație">aristocraților</a> ce aveau loc în palatele sau în cafenelele din Paris. Din pricina viziunilor sale critice, pe care le reda în batjocură, a fost întemnițat în <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a> pentru unsprezece luni la <a href="/wiki/Bastilia" title="Bastilia">Bastilia</a>. Fiind amenințat de o nouă arestare în <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, s-a refugiat între <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a> și <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a> în <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, unde a fost influențat de <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">empirismul</a> lui <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> și de <a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">deism</a>. </p><p>Ca <a href="/wiki/Deist" class="mw-redirect" title="Deist">deist</a> și <a href="/wiki/Francmasonerie" title="Francmasonerie">francmason</a>, Voltaire a criticat fiecare formă a <a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">religiei</a> instituționale și s-a implicat în neînțelegerile politice. El s-a autonumit <i>Theist</i> (un om cu credința în Dumnezeu, dar care a renunțat la <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinism</a>). A fugit în <a href="/wiki/Ducatul_Lorena" title="Ducatul Lorena">Lorena</a> când a fost emis un nou mandat de arestare împotriva lui în <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>. Din 1734 până în <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>, a trăit cu prietena sa <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Émilie du Châtelet</a> la Castelul Cirey din <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">Champagne</a>. Aici și-a scris memoriile, tratatele de științe naturiste, istorie și politică, dar și opere dramatice și poetice. </p><p>Prin mijlocirea <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour" title="Madame de Pompadour">Madamei de Pompadour</a> la curtea regală, Voltaire a fost numit istoriograf și acceptat în <a href="/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83" title="Academia Franceză">Academia Franceză</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frederic_cel_Mare" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic cel Mare">Frederic cel Mare</a>, care aparținea el însuși spiritelor iluminate ale <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XVIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XVIII">secolului XVIII</a>, l-a luat cu el în 1750 la <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, unde și-a putut exprima credințele sale anticlericale și unde a putut lucra la o istorie universală, a putut colabora la <i>Encyclopédie</i> a lui <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> și unde a putut scrie primele articole pentru <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_philosophique" title="Dictionnaire philosophique">Dictionnaire philosophique portatif</a></i>. Totuși, Voltaire a ajuns la contradicții cu Friedrich al II-lea, așa încât a fost necesar să părăsească Potsdamul în <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a>. Voltaire a continuat să se îngrijească de corespondența cu Friedrich cel Mare. În <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a> s-a stabilit lângă <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> la proprietatea sa din <i>Ferney</i>, devenind cunoscut ca ,,înțeleptul din <i>Ferney</i>". </p><p>În februarie 1778 Voltaire a revenit pentru prima dată în peste 25 de ani la Paris, unde a văzut premiera tragediei sale Irene (1778), dar s-a îmbolnăvit curând și a murit în 30 mai 1778. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Datorită criticii Bisericii, lui Voltaire i-a fost interzisă o înmormântare creștină în Paris. Prietenii și rudele au reușit să-l îngroape în secret la Abația din Scellières din Champagne. Inima și creierul său au fost îmbălsămate separat. În 11 iulie 1791, a fost depus în racla din Pantheon, într-o procesiune la care se estimează că au participat un milion de oameni, după o decizie a Adunării Naționale a Franței, care l-a considerat un premergător al Revoluției Franceze. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png/220px-Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png/330px-Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png/440px-Voltaire_-_%C3%89l%C3%A9mens_de_la_philosophie_de_Neuton.png 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2459" /></a><figcaption>Un alt portret al lui Voltaire.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera">Opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Opera"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Candid" class="mw-redirect" title="Candid">Candid</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_philosophique" title="Dictionnaire philosophique">Dictionnaire philosophique</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Voltaire a fost un scriitor prolific cu peste 20.000 de scrisori și peste 2.000 de cărți și pamflete (piese de teatru, poezii, romane, eseuri, lucrări istorice și științifice). </p><p>Concepția sa politică se bazează pe armonia dintre monarhi care dețin puterea politică și filozofi care dețin înțelepciunea. A susținut stabilirea unei monarhii constituționale în Franța. În <i>Lettres philosophiques</i> (1731), a detaliat <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalismul</a> englez. </p><p>Voltaire a fost, împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, un inițiator al <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_francez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția franceză">Revoluției franceze</a> și a luptat neobosit pentru drepturile civile (dreptul la un proces echitabil, libertatea de exprimare și libertatea religioasă) și pentru <a href="/wiki/Toleran%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Toleranță">toleranță</a>. Posteritatea i-a atribuit următorul panseu: </p> <blockquote style="color:var(--color-base, #606060); text-align: left; font-size:95%"><div style="font-style:italic">„Părerea dumneavoastră mi se pare respingătoare, dar m-aș lăsa omorât pentru ca dumneavoastră să puteți să v-o exprimați.”</div></blockquote> <p>Multe din lucrările sale au fost scrise ca polemici, criticile îndreptându-se către instituții politice și Biserica Romano-Catolică. Voltaire a rămas celebru pentru multe aforisme memorabile și reproșuri acide. De exemplu, când jumătate din caii grajdurilor regale au fost îndepărtați din motive economice, el a propus, ironic, că ar fi fost mai bine să fi fost eliberați jumătate din măgarii de la curtea regală. </p><p>Voltaire se considera un deist, iar Biblia o referință legală și morală depășită. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atitudinea lui față de Islam a variat de la ,,o sectă falsă și barbară” la ,,o religie înțeleaptă, severă, castă și umană". El a arătat, de asemenea, la un moment dat o înclinație spre ideile hinduismului și lucrările preoților brahmani. El vedea existența lui Dumnezeu ca pe o necesitate practică și morală: </p> <blockquote style="color:var(--color-base, #606060); text-align: left; font-size:95%"><div style="font-style:italic">„Dacă Dumnezeu nu ar exista, ar fi necesar să-L inventeze.”</div></blockquote> <blockquote style="color:var(--color-base, #606060); text-align: left; font-size:95%"><div style="font-style:italic">„Este perfect evident pentru mine că există o ființă necesară, eternă, supremă și inteligentă. Aceasta nu este o chestiune de credință, ci de rațiune.”</div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lucrări"><span id="Lucr.C4.83ri"></span>Lucrări</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lucrări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lucrări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Œdipe</i> (1718)</li> <li><i>Lettres philosophiques</i> (1731)</li> <li><i>Zaïre</i> (1732)</li> <li><i>Eriphile</i> (1732)</li> <li><i>Elémens de la philosophie de Newton</i> (1738)</li> <li><i>Mahomet (scenetă)</i>(1741)</li> <li><i>Mérope</i> (1743)</li> <li><i>La princesse de Navarre</i> (1745)</li> <li><i>Zadig</i> (1747)</li> <li><i>Nanine</i> (1749)</li> <li><i>Le siècle de Louis XIV</i> (1751)</li> <li><i> L'Orphelin de la Chine</i> (1755)</li> <li><i>Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne</i> (1756)</li> <li><i>Essai sur les moeurs</i> (1756)</li> <li><i>Candid</i> (1759). In aceasta povestire, Voltaire s-a opus filosofiei optimismului.</li> <li><i>Histoire de l'Empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand</i> (1763)</li> <li><i>Traité sur la tolerance</i> (1763)</li> <li><i>Dictionnaire philosophique</i> (,,Dicționar filozofic", 1764)</li> <li><i>Traité sur la tolérance</i> (1763)</li> <li><i>Irène</i> (1778)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-967dbe404605208351b749403f0dcf1a-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-967dbe404605208351b749403f0dcf1a_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://autority.nkp.cz/"><i><span lang="en">Czech National Authority Database</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2020-08-30">30 august 2020</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3ECzech+National+Authority+Database%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fautority.nkp.cz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37f59fbf5d86ff82f3a90962334880c1-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37f59fbf5d86ff82f3a90962334880c1_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/default.aspx"><i><span lang="en">Past Fellows of the Royal Society database</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EPast+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+database%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogues.royalsociety.org%2FCalmView%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec5f4e4bec6c3774ad17e584a7778e64-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ec5f4e4bec6c3774ad17e584a7778e64_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.isabart.org/person/35933"><i><span lang="en">The Fine Art Archive</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-04-01">1 aprilie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Fine+Art+Archive%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.isabart.org%2Fperson%2F35933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d1fbd63effb1e085ecdc45f5680e037b_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cths.fr/an/prosopo.php?id=100468"><i>François Marie dit VOLTAIRE Arouet</i></a> (în franceză), <span lang="en">annuaire prosopographique: la France savante</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Marie+dit+VOLTAIRE+Arouet&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3Eannuaire+prosopographique%3A+la+France+savante%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcths.fr%2Fan%2Fprosopo.php%3Fid%3D100468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de661d7eaa552c4de06676df71051515-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-de661d7eaa552c4de06676df71051515_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/256309"><i>Voltaire</i></a> (în engleză), <span lang="nl">RKDartists</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voltaire&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22nl%22%3ERKDartists%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.rkd.nl%2Fen%2Fexplore%2Fartists%2F256309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8e89f517e3a2cecb8da24d1eb6858a47_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feb-web.ru/feb/kle/"><i><span lang="ru">Kratkaia literaturnaia iențiklopedia</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ru%22%3EKratkaia+literaturnaia+ien%C8%9Biklopedia%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeb-web.ru%2Ffeb%2Fkle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-f90a5801b67405231a9ce940082ce71c_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i>Вольтер</i>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17378135" class="extiw" title="d:Q17378135">Marea Enciclopedie Sovietică (1969–1978)</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Marea_Enciclopedie_Sovietic%C4%83_(1969%E2%80%931978)_(edi%C8%9Bia_a_3-a_a_Enciclopediei_universale_Sovietice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marea Enciclopedie Sovietică (1969–1978) (ediția a 3-a a Enciclopediei universale Sovietice)"></a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.pub=Marea+Enciclopedie+Sovietic%C4%83+%281969%E2%80%931978%29%3Cabbr+title%3D%27Articolul+%C3%AEnc%C4%83+nu+exist%C4%83+%C3%AEn+acest+wiki%27%3E%5B%2A%5D%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Anone%22%3E%26%238203%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> necesită <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#accessdate_missing_url" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-718d2e3ea4673647b366b531a1be6835-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-718d2e3ea4673647b366b531a1be6835_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/"><i>Voltaire</i></a>, <span lang="pt">Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voltaire&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22pt%22%3EEnciclop%C3%A9dia+Ita%C3%BA+Cultural%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e839f0de3a62473dd69fbeceb950a1b0-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e839f0de3a62473dd69fbeceb950a1b0_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brockhaus.de/"><i>Voltaire</i></a>, <span lang="de">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voltaire&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22%3EBrockhaus+Enzyklop%C3%A4die%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brockhaus.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bd08c2f6f8d620cfeae1da05acad188a-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bd08c2f6f8d620cfeae1da05acad188a_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/"><i>Voltaire</i></a>, SNAC<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voltaire&rft.pub=SNAC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnaccooperative.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5dc51185fb0bdefe1975b0264c51d902-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5dc51185fb0bdefe1975b0264c51d902_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pariszigzag.fr/secret/histoire-insolite-paris/restes-voltaire-eparpilles-dans-paris">https://www.pariszigzag.fr/secret/histoire-insolite-paris/restes-voltaire-eparpilles-dans-paris</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pariszigzag.fr%2Fsecret%2Fhistoire-insolite-paris%2Frestes-voltaire-eparpilles-dans-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744133" class="extiw" title="d:Q16744133">CONOR.SI</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CONOR.SI_(authority_control_file_for_author_and_corporate_names_in_Slovene_system_COBISS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONOR.SI (authority control file for author and corporate names in Slovene system COBISS) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Conform unei alte tradiții de familie printre descendenții surorii sale, el a fost cunoscut ca mic copil sub numele de <i>Le petit volontaire</i> (<i>micul voluntar</i>). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Nu a fost posibil să se stabilească ce s-a întâmplat la moartea lui. Dușmanii lui au povestit ca el s-a pocăit și a acceptat ultimele ritualuri făcute de un preot catolic, sau că a murit în mare chin, în timp ce adepții lui au spus că a fost sfidător până la ultima suflare. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Potrivit unei povești, ultimele lui cuvinte au fost “Acum nu este momentul să-mi fac noi inamici.” A fost răspunsul lui către un preot de lângă patul său de moarte, cerându-i lui Voltaire să se lepede de Satana. Totuși, acest lucru pare să-și fi avut originea într-o glumă care a fost publicată pentru prima oara într-un ziar din Massachusetts în 1865, și a fost atribuită lui Voltaire doar în anii 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Panteismul este ideea unui univers bazat pe rațiune și respect pentru natură. Voltaire este adesea văzut ca ateu, cu toate că el a luat parte la activități religioase și a construit o capelă la moșia sa de la Ferney. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surse_primare">Surse primare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Surse primare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Surse primare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_franceză"><span id=".C3.8En_francez.C4.83"></span>În franceză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: În franceză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: În franceză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litteratureaudio.com/livres-audio-gratuits-mp3/tag/voltaire/">Voltaire audio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230181107/http://www.litteratureaudio.com/livres-audio-gratuits-mp3/tag/voltaire">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-12-30">30 decembrie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Speaker_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/40px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; 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color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/Voltaire_e.htm">Biografia lui Voltaire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.laphilosophie.fr/livres-de-Voltaire-texte-integral.html">[1]</a> Ebooks <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanities.uchicago.edu/homes/VSA/visitors.html"><i>Encyclopédie</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018135640/http://humanities.uchicago.edu/homes/VSA/visitors.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-10-18">18 octombrie 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., ARTFL Project, University of Chicago <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_engleză"><span id=".C3.8En_englez.C4.83"></span>În engleză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: În engleză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: În engleză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php&person=3804">Online Library of Liberty – The Works of Voltaire (1901)</a>. Some volumes, including mostly the unabridged <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_philosophique" title="Dictionnaire philosophique">Dictionnaire philosophique</a></i>, translated by William F. Fleming <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span></li> <li>Morley, J., <i>The Works of Voltaire, A Contemporary Version</i>, (21 vol 1901), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.libraryofliberty.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Fperson=3804&Itemid=28">online edition</a> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727030713/http://app.libraryofliberty.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Fperson=3804&Itemid=28">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-07-27">27 iulie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_română"><span id=".C3.8En_rom.C3.A2n.C4.83"></span>În română</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: În română" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: În română"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Scriitori francezi</i>, Mic dicționar, Ed. Științifică și Enciclopedică, București, 1978.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_franceză_2"><span id=".C3.8En_francez.C4.83_2"></span>În franceză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: În franceză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: În franceză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>René Pomeau, <i>La Religion de Voltaire</i>, Librairie Nizet, Paris, 1974.</li> <li>Valérie Crugten-André, <i>La vie de Voltaire</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.memo.fr/dossier.asp?ID=629">[2]</a></li> <li>Hadidi, Djavâd, <i>Voltaire et l'Islam</i>, Publications Orientalistes de France, 1974. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782841615100" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-84161-510-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_engleză_2"><span id=".C3.8En_englez.C4.83_2"></span>În engleză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: În engleză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: În engleză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>App, Urs <i>The Birth of Orientalism</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010 (hardcover, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780812242614" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8122-4261-4</a>).</li> <li>Besterman, Theodore, <i>Voltaire</i>, (1969).</li> <li>Brumfitt, J. H. <i>Voltaire: Historian </i> (1958) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.questia.com/read/14509369?title=Voltaire%3a%20Historian">online edition</a></li> <li>Davidson, Ian, <i>Voltaire. A Life</i>, London, Profile Books, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781605982878" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-60598-287-8</a></li> <li>Durant, Will, <i>The Story of Civilization. Vol. IX: The Age of Voltaire.</i> New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.</li> <li>Gay, Peter, <i>Voltaire's Politics, The Poet as Realist</i>, Yale University, 1988.</li> <li>Knapp, Bettina L. <i>Voltaire Revisited</i> (2000)</li> <li>Mason, Haydn, <i>Voltaire, A Biography</i> (1981) <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780801826115" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8018-2611-5</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">McElroy, Wendy (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">„Voltaire (1694–1778)”</a>. În Hamowy, Ronald. <i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 521–2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4129-6580-4">978-1-4129-6580-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Voltaire+%281694%E2%80%931778%29&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=521-2&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>Muller, Jerry Z., 2002. <i>The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought</i>. Anchor Books. 978-0385721660</li> <li>Pearson, Roger, 2005. <i>Voltaire Almighty: a life in pursuit of freedom</i>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781582346304" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58234-630-4</a>. pp. 447</li> <li>Quinones, Ricardo J. <i>Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter</i> (University of Toronto Press; 2010) 240 pages; Draws parallels between the two thinkers as voices of moderation with relevance today.</li> <li>Schwarzbach, Bertram Eugene, <i>Voltaire's Old Testament Criticism</i>, Librairie Droz, Geneva, 1971.</li> <li>Torrey, Norman L., <i>The Spirit of Voltaire</i>, Columbia University Press, 1938.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Vernon, Thomas S. (<time datetime="1989">1989</time>). „Chapter V: Voltaire”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010208224557/http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/voltvern.htm"><i>Great Infidels</i></a>. M & M Pr. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-943099-05-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-943099-05-6">0-943099-05-6</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/voltvern.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2001-02-08">8 februarie 2001</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-05-13">13 mai 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+V%3A+Voltaire&rft.btitle=Great+Infidels&rft.pub=M+%26+M+Pr&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-943099-05-6&rft.au=Vernon%2C+Thomas+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.positiveatheism.org%2Fhist%2Fvoltvern.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wade, Ira O. (<time datetime="1967">1967</time>). <i>Studies on Voltaire</i>. New York: Russell & Russell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+on+Voltaire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Russell+%26+Russell&rft.date=1967&rft.au=Wade%2C+Ira+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li>Wright, Charles Henry Conrad, <i>A History of French Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1912.</li> <li>"The Cambridge Companion to Voltaire", ed by Nicholas Cronk, 2009.</li> <li><cite class="citation web">Hewett, Caspar J. M. (august 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegreatdebate.org.uk/Voltaire.html">„The Great Debate: Life of Voltaire”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-11-02">2 noiembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Debate%3A+Life+of+Voltaire.&rft.date=2006-08&rft.au=Hewett%2C+Caspar+J.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthegreatdebate.org.uk%2FVoltaire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AVoltaire" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltaire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Voltaire" class="extiw" title="commons:Voltaire">Voltaire</a></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisursă"><img alt="Wikisursă" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Wikisursă</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">La <a href="/wiki/Wikisurs%C4%83" title="Wikisursă">Wikisursă</a> există texte originale legate de <b><a href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Voltaire" class="extiw" title="s:Voltaire">Voltaire</a></b></div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 250px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikicitat"><img alt="Wikicitat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Wikicitat</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">La <b><a href="/wiki/Wikicitat" title="Wikicitat">Wikicitat</a></b> găsiți citate legate de <b><a href="https://ro.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltaire" class="extiw" title="q:Voltaire">Voltaire</a></b>.</div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitvoltaire.com/v_desfontaines.htm"><i>Château de Cirey – Residence of Voltaire</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029021255/http://www.visitvoltaire.com/v_desfontaines.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-10-29">29 octombrie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., visitvoltaire.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Chatelet.html"><i>Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil Marquise du Châtelet</i></a>, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://societe-voltaire.org/">The Société Voltaire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacdefrancais.net/">An analysis of Voltaire's texts (in the "textes" topic)</a> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-ge.ch/imv/">Institut et Musée Voltaire, Geneva, Switzerland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/deismfre.htm">Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Voltaire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegreatdebate.org.uk/Voltaire.html">The Life of Voltaire</a> Essay by Caspar J M Hewett</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitvoltaire.com/">VisitVoltaire.com site with images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voltaire.ox.ac.uk/">Voltaire Foundation, Oxford, United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money3.htm">Voltaire on the 10 French Franc banknote.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418122631/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money3.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-04-18">18 aprilie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrymaugans.com/2006/03/30/voltaires-candide/">Voltaire's Candide and Leibniz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT396.HTM">Voltaire's works</a>: works: text, concordances and frequency list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.hanover.edu/texts/voltaire/volindex.html">Voltaire's writings from Philosophical Dictionary</a>. Selected and Translated by H.I. Woolf, 1924</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrymaugans.com/2006/04/18/worldly-and-personal-influences-on-voltaire%e2%80%99s-writing/">Worldly and Personal Influences on Voltaire's Writing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405172443/http://www.harrymaugans.com/2006/04/18/worldly-and-personal-influences-on-voltaire%E2%80%99s-writing/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-04-05">5 aprilie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/author/{{{id}}}">Lucrări de Voltaire</a> la <a href="/wiki/Proiectul_Gutenberg" title="Proiectul Gutenberg">Proiectul Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manybooks.net/authors/voltaire.html">Free eBooks by Voltaire</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manybooks.net/">Manybooks</a> [English and French]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-126267">Lucrări de sau despre Voltaire</a> în biblioteci (catalog <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&author=Voltaire&action=Search">Works by Voltaire</a> in free audio format from <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voltaire.letteraturaoperaomnia.org/index.html">Voltaire's works</a> and chronology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/voltaire.html">About Voltaire in "Lucidcafé"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512161429/http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/voltaire.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-05-12">12 mai 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iluminism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#222c47; color:white;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Iluminism" title="Format:Iluminism"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Iluminism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Iluminism — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style="background:#222c47; 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Ashley-Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper — pagină inexistentă">Anthony Ashley-Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Boswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Boswell — pagină inexistentă">James Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Collins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Collins — pagină inexistentă">Anthony Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">William Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Harrington — pagină inexistentă">James Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Burnett, Lord Monboddo — pagină inexistentă">Lord Monboddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Price&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Price — pagină inexistentă">Richard Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algernon_Sidney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algernon Sidney — pagină inexistentă">Algernon Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Tindal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Tindal — pagină inexistentă">Matthew Tindal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Trenchard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Trenchard — pagină inexistentă">John Trenchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">John Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/100px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/150px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/200px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption>Isaac Newton</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae,_1716_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg/100px-Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg/150px-Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg/200px-Dimitrie_Cantemir_-_Portrait_from_Descriptio_Moldaviae%2C_1716_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="3505" /></a><figcaption>Dimitrie Cantemir</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/100px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/150px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/200px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>René Descartes</figcaption></figure> <br /> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pierre_Bayle_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pierre_Bayle_2.png/100px-Pierre_Bayle_2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pierre_Bayle_2.png/150px-Pierre_Bayle_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Pierre_Bayle_2.png/200px-Pierre_Bayle_2.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>Pierre Bayle</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Samuil_Micu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Samuil_Micu.jpg/100px-Samuil_Micu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Samuil_Micu.jpg/150px-Samuil_Micu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Samuil_Micu.jpg/200px-Samuil_Micu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>Samuil Micu</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg/100px-Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg/150px-Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg/200px-Encyclopedie_frontispice_section_256px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption><i>L’Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers</i>, editată de <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a> și <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">D’Alembert</a>.</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg/100px-Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg/150px-Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg/200px-Gheorghe_Sincai_-_Foto01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Gheorghe Șincai</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Spinoza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spinoza.jpg/100px-Spinoza.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spinoza.jpg/150px-Spinoza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spinoza.jpg/200px-Spinoza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Baruch Spinoza</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:PetruMaior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PetruMaior.jpg/100px-PetruMaior.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PetruMaior.jpg/150px-PetruMaior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PetruMaior.jpg/200px-PetruMaior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Petru Maior</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:John_Locke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/100px-John_Locke.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/150px-John_Locke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/200px-John_Locke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>John Locke</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg/100px-Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg/150px-Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg/200px-Anton_Pann_rowiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Anton Pann</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/100px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/150px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/200px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption>Immanuel Kant</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cesare_Beccaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cesare_Beccaria.jpg/100px-Cesare_Beccaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cesare_Beccaria.jpg/150px-Cesare_Beccaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cesare_Beccaria.jpg/200px-Cesare_Beccaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cesare Beccaria Bonesana</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_austriac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul austriac — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Austria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_al_II-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Iosif al II-lea, Împărat Roman">Iosif al II-lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_al_II-lea,_%C3%8Emp%C4%83rat_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold al II-lea, Împărat Roman">Leopold al II-lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Terezia_a_Austriei" title="Maria Terezia a Austriei">Maria Terezia</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_francez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul francez — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Franța</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Louis_d%27Argenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Louis d'Argenson — pagină inexistentă">René Louis d'Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Pierre Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon">Baronul de Buffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chamfort" title="Nicolas Chamfort">Nicolas Chamfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Émilie du Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac — pagină inexistentă">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontennelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Thiry_d%27Holbach" title="Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach">Baronul d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis de Jaucourt — pagină inexistentă">Louis de Jaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Louis_Leclerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc — pagină inexistentă">Georges-Louis Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably — pagină inexistentă">Gabriel Bonnot de Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylvain Maréchal — pagină inexistentă">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Jean Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie — pagină inexistentă">Julien Offray de La Mettrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly — pagină inexistentă">Étienne-Gabriel Morelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">François Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal — pagină inexistentă">Guillaume Thomas François Raynal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchizul_de_Sade" title="Marchizul de Sade">Marchizul de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Anne Robert Jacques Turgot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voltaire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enciclopedi%C8%99tii_francezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enciclopediștii francezi — pagină inexistentă">Enciclopediștii francezi</a></i></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_de_la_Geneva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala de la Geneva — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Școala de la Geneva</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firmin_Abauzit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firmin Abauzit — pagină inexistentă">Firmin Abauzit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Bonnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Bonnet — pagină inexistentă">Charles Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Jacques_Burlamaqui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui — pagină inexistentă">Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louis_de_Lolme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louis de Lolme — pagină inexistentă">Jean-Louis de Lolme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Pr%C3%A9vost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Prévost — pagină inexistentă">Pierre Prévost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine-Jacques_Roustan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine-Jacques Roustan — pagină inexistentă">Antoine-Jacques Roustan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure — pagină inexistentă">Horace Bénédict de Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Vernes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Vernes — pagină inexistentă">Jacob Vernes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Vernet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Vernet — pagină inexistentă">Jacob Vernet</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_german&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul german — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Germania</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abbt" title="Thomas Abbt">Thomas Abbt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Henning_B%C3%B6hmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Henning Böhmer — pagină inexistentă">Justus Henning Böhmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_al_II-lea_al_Prusiei" title="Frederic al II-lea al Prusiei">Frederic al II-lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried von Herder">Johann Gottfried von Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Gottlieb_von_Hippel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel — pagină inexistentă">Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Christoph Lichtenberg — pagină inexistentă">Georg Christoph Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Moses Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuel_von_Pufendorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuel von Pufendorf — pagină inexistentă">amuel von Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Thomasius" title="Christian Thomasius">Christian Thomasius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Wagner — pagină inexistentă">Gabriel Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erhard_Weigel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erhard Weigel — pagină inexistentă">Erhard Weigel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Felix_Wei%C3%9Fe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Felix Weiße — pagină inexistentă">Christian Felix Weiße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Adam Weishaupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Christoph Martin Wieland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wizenmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Wizenmann — pagină inexistentă">Thomas Wizenmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff" class="mw-disambig" title="Christian Wolff">Christian Wolff</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul irlandez — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Irlanda</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Toland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Toland — pagină inexistentă">John Toland</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_italian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul italian — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Italia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria_Bonesana" title="Cesare Beccaria Bonesana">Cesare Beccaria Bonesana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Filangieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Filangieri — pagină inexistentă">Gaetano Filangieri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinando_Galiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinando Galiani — pagină inexistentă">Ferdinando Galiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Genovesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Genovesi — pagină inexistentă">Antonio Genovesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mario_Pagano" title="Francesco Mario Pagano">Francesco Mario Pagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Salvemini" title="Giovanni Salvemini">Giovanni Salvemini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Verri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Verri — pagină inexistentă">Pietro Verri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Polonia" title="Iluminismul în Polonia"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul în Polonia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadeusz_Czacki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadeusz Czacki — pagină inexistentă">Tadeusz Czacki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Kołłątaj — pagină inexistentă">Hugo Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Konarski — pagină inexistentă">Stanisław Konarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Ignacy Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław Leszczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz — pagină inexistentă">Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław August Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_Ignacy_Potocki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman Ignacy Potocki — pagină inexistentă">Roman Ignacy Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jan Śniadecki">Jan Śniadecki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki — pagină inexistentă">Jędrzej Śniadecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic" title="Stanisław Staszic">Stanisław Staszic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Wybicki" title="Józef Wybicki">Józef Wybicki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Stanis%C5%82aw_Za%C5%82uski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrzej Stanisław Załuski — pagină inexistentă">Andrzej Stanisław Załuski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_Andrzej_Za%C5%82uski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Józef Andrzej Załuski — pagină inexistentă">Józef Andrzej Załuski</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Portugalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Portugalia — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul portughez</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo — pagină inexistentă">Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Rom%C3%A2nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iluminismul în România"><span style="color:white;"> Iluminismul românesc <br /> (sincron și târziu), <br /> varii precursori <br /> și diferite scrieri</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_ardelean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul ardelean — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismul ardelean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_basarabean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul basarabean — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismul basarabean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_bucovinean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul bucovinean — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismul bucovinean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_moldovean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul moldovean — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismul moldovean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_muntean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul muntean — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismul muntean</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Aranka" title="György Aranka">György Aranka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Pavel_Aron" title="Petru Pavel Aron">Petru Pavel Aron</a> (precursor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Benk%C5%91" title="József Benkő">József Benkő</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ioan Budai-Deleanu">Ioan Budai-Deleanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavriil_Callimachi" title="Gavriil Callimachi">Gavriil Callimachi</a> (precursor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" title="Dimitrie Cantemir">Dimitrie Cantemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Gheuc%C4%83" title="Leon Gheucă">Leon Gheucă</a> (precursor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinicu_Golescu" title="Dinicu Golescu">Dinicu Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Georg_Neugeboren" title="Daniel Georg Neugeboren">Daniel Georg Neugeboren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Maior" title="Petru Maior">Petru Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuil_Micu" title="Samuil Micu">Samuil Micu-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Pann" title="Anton Pann">Anton Pann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naum_R%C3%A2mniceanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naum Râmniceanu — pagină inexistentă">Naum Râmniceanu</a> (precursor)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesarie_R%C3%A2mniceanul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chesarie Râmniceanul — pagină inexistentă">Chesarie Râmniceanul</a> (precursor)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_Ardelean%C4%83" title="Școala Ardeleană">Școala Ardeleană</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sturdza" title="Mihail Sturdza">Mihail Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98incai" title="Gheorghe Șincai">Gheorghe Șincai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ien%C4%83chi%C8%9B%C4%83_V%C4%83c%C4%83rescu" title="Ienăchiță Văcărescu">Ienăchiță Văcărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisie_Velicicovschi" title="Paisie Velicicovschi">Paisie Velicicovschi</a> (precursor)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codul_Callimachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codul Callimachi — pagină inexistentă">Codul Callimachi</a></i> (1817)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_aristo-democraticeasc%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica aristo-democraticească — pagină inexistentă">Republica aristo-democraticească</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a>, <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobornicescul_Hrisov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobornicescul Hrisov — pagină inexistentă">Sobornicescul Hrisov</a></i> (1785)</li></ul> <p><br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Descriptio_Moldaviae" title="Descriptio Moldaviae">Descriptio antiqui et hodierni status Moldaviae</a></i> — <i>Descrierea stării de odinioară și de astăzi a Moldovei</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" title="Dimitrie Cantemir">Dimitrie Cantemir</a>, scrisă între 1714 - 1716)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_moldo-vlachica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia moldo-vlachica — pagină inexistentă">Historia moldo-vlachica</a></i> — <i>Istoria moldo-valahă</i>, operă de erudiție despre originile românilor din <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Transilvania" title="Transilvania">Transilvania</a>, scrisă între 1714 și 1716, de <a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" title="Dimitrie Cantemir">Dimitrie Cantemir</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Incrementorum_atque_Decrementorum_Aulae_Othomanicae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Incrementorum atque Decrementorum Aulae Othomanicae — pagină inexistentă">Historia Incrementorum atque Decrementorum Aulae Othomanicae</a></i> — <i>Istoria creșterii și descreșterii Imperiului Otoman</i> - (<a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Cantemir" title="Dimitrie Cantemir">Dimitrie Cantemir</a>, scrisă între 1714 - 1716, dar publicată prima dată la <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, 1734 - 1735, în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a>)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementa_linguae_daco_romanae_sive_valachicae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementa linguae daco romanae sive valachicae — pagină inexistentă">Elementa linguae daco romanae sive valachicae</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Samuil_Micu" title="Samuil Micu">Samuil Micu-Klein</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98incai" title="Gheorghe Șincai">Gheorghe Șincai</a>, <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_pentru_%C3%AEnceputurile_rom%C3%A2nilor_%C3%AEn_Dacia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria pentru începuturile românilor în Dacia — pagină inexistentă">Istoria pentru începuturile românilor în Dacia</a></i> — (<a href="/wiki/Petru_Maior" title="Petru Maior">Petru Maior</a>, <a href="/wiki/1812" title="1812">1812</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapesta" title="Budapesta">Budapesta</a>)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aiganiada" title="Țiganiada">Țiganiada</a></i> sau <i>Tabăra țiganilor</i> (ediție definitivă de <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Byck" title="Jacques Byck">Jacques Byck</a>, 1800-1812, prima epopee în limba română, <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ioan Budai-Deleanu">Ioan Budai-Deleanu</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_originibus_populorum_Transylvaniae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De originibus populorum Transylvaniae — pagină inexistentă">De originibus populorum Transylvaniae</a></i> — <i>Despre originea popoarelor din Transilvania</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ioan_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ioan Budai-Deleanu">Ioan Budai-Deleanu</a>)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_unione_trium_nationum_Transylvaniae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De unione trium nationum Transylvaniae — pagină inexistentă">De unione trium nationum Transylvaniae</a></i> — <i>Despre unirea celor trei neamuri ale Transilvaniei</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ioan_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ioan Budai-Deleanu">Ioan Budai-Deleanu</a>)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> </p> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Rusia — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul rus</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecaterina_a_II-a_a_Rusiei" title="Ecaterina a II-a a Rusiei">Ecaterina a II-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_I_al_Rusiei" title="Petru I al Rusiei">Petru cel Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecaterina_Romanovna_Voron%C8%9Bova-Da%C8%99kova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecaterina Romanovna Voronțova-Dașkova — pagină inexistentă">Ecaterina Dașkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Lomonosov" title="Mihail Lomonosov">Mihail Lomonosov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Novikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Novikov — pagină inexistentă">Nikolai Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandr_Radi%C8%99cev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandr Radișcev — pagină inexistentă">Alexandr Radișcev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_%C8%98cerbatov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Șcerbatov — pagină inexistentă">Mihail Șcerbatov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_%C8%98uvalov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Șuvalov — pagină inexistentă">Ivan Șuvalov</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Serbia — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul <br /> din Serbia</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avram_Mrazovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avram Mrazović — pagină inexistentă">Avram Mrazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Dositej Obradović</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Sco%C8%9Bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Scoția — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul scoțian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Beattie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Beattie — pagină inexistentă">James Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Joseph Black</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Blair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Blair — pagină inexistentă">Hugh Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Boswell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Boswell — pagină inexistentă">James Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Burnett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Burnett — pagină inexistentă">James Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">William Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Ferguson — pagină inexistentă">Adam Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Gordon — pagină inexistentă">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hutcheson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hutcheson — pagină inexistentă">Francis Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Mill — pagină inexistentă">James Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Millar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Millar — pagină inexistentă">John Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ogilvie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ogilvie — pagină inexistentă">William Ogilvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">John Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Reid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Reid — pagină inexistentă">Thomas Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Stewart — pagină inexistentă">Dugald Stewart</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Spania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Spania — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul spaniol</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín">Leandro Fernández de Moratín</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos — pagină inexistentă">Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul în Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul american</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Mason — pagină inexistentă">George Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rittenhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Rittenhouse — pagină inexistentă">David Rittenhouse</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminismul_neerlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminismul neerlandez — pagină inexistentă"><span style="color:white;">Iluminismul din <br />Țările de Jos</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthasar_Bekker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balthasar Bekker — pagină inexistentă">Balthasar Bekker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_de_la_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter de la Court — pagină inexistentă">Pieter de la Court</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrus_Cunaeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrus Cunaeus — pagină inexistentă">Petrus Cunaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Hemsterhuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Hemsterhuis — pagină inexistentă">François Hemsterhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriaan_Koerbagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriaan Koerbagh — pagină inexistentă">Adriaan Koerbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_van_Leenhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik van Leenhof — pagină inexistentă">Frederik van Leenhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Lipsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Lipsius — pagină inexistentă">Justus Lipsius</a> (precursor)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Nieuwentyt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt — pagină inexistentă">Bernard Nieuwentyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Swammerdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Swammerdam — pagină inexistentă">Jan Swammerdam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_Wyermars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik Wyermars — pagină inexistentă">Hendrik Wyermars</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism"><span style="color:white;"> Concepte <br /> fundamentale </span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauzalitate" title="Cauzalitate">Cauzalitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitu%C8%9Bie" title="Constituție">Constituție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con%C8%99tien%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Conștiență">Conștiență</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con%C8%99tiin%C8%9Ba_de_sine" title="Conștiința de sine">Conștiința de sine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Conștiință">Conștiință</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egalitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egalitate — pagină inexistentă">Egalitate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurantism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endurantism — pagină inexistentă">Endurantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemologie" title="Epistemologie">Epistemologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraternitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraternitate — pagină inexistentă">Fraternitate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guvern_constitu%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guvern constituțional — pagină inexistentă">Guvern constituțional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identitate_(filozofie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identitate (filozofie) — pagină inexistentă">Identitate</a> (în <a href="/wiki/Filozofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Filozofie">filozofie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intui%C8%9Bie" title="Intuiție">Intuiție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafizic%C4%83" title="Metafizică">Metafizică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontologie" title="Ontologie">Ontologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progres" title="Progres">Progres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qualia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qualia — pagină inexistentă">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executiv" title="Executiv">Putere executivă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciar" title="Judiciar">Putere judiciară</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislativ" title="Legislativ">Putere legislativă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%9Bionalism" title="Raționalism">Raționalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separa%C8%9Bia_puterilor" title="Separația puterilor">Separarea puterilor în stat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleran%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Toleranță">Toleranță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umanism_renascentist" title="Umanism renascentist">Umanism renascentist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism"><span style="color:white;"> Lucrări <br /> fundamentale </span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Constantia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Constantia — pagină inexistentă">De Constantia</a></i> — <i>Despre constanță</i> - (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Lipsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Lipsius — pagină inexistentă">Justus Lipsius</a> - precursor, <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discours_de_la_m%C3%A9thode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discours de la méthode — pagină inexistentă">Discours de la méthode</a></i> — <i>Discursul asupra metodei</i> - (<a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica</a></i> — <i>Principiile matematice ale filosofiei naturale</i> - (<a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Essay Concerning Human Understanding — pagină inexistentă">An Essay Concerning Human Understanding</a></i> — <i>Un eseu despre înțelegerea umană</i> - (<a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_treatises_on_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two treatises on government — pagină inexistentă">Two treatises on government</a></i> — <i>Două tratate despre guvernare</i> - (John Locke, <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_l%27esprit_des_lois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De l'esprit des lois — pagină inexistentă">De l'esprit des lois</a></i> — <i>Despre spiritul legilor</i> - (<a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu">Baronul de Montesquieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><i>Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes</i> — <i><a href="/wiki/Discurs_asupra_originii_%C8%99i_fundamentelor_inegalit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_dintre_oameni" title="Discurs asupra originii și fundamentelor inegalității dintre oameni">Discurs asupra originii și fundamentelor inegalității dintre oameni</a></i> - (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/1754" title="1754">1754</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beantwortung_der_Frage:_Was_ist_Aufkl%C3%A4rung%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung? — pagină inexistentă">Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?</a></i> — <i>Răspunzând la întrebarea: Ce este Iluminarea?</i> - (eseu al filozofului <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><i>Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen</i> — <i><a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_drepturilor_omului_%C8%99i_ale_cet%C4%83%C8%9Beanului" title="Declarația drepturilor omului și ale cetățeanului">Declarația drepturilor omului și ale cetățeanului</a></i> (<i>Adunarea Stărilor Generale</i> din <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>)</li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism"><span style="color:white;"> Alte lucrări <br /> reprezentative </span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Pierre Beaumarchais</a> - <i>Bărbierul din Sevilia</i> (<a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> - <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> (<a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a> - <i>Tom Jones</i> (<a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a> – <i>Gondolierul</i> (<a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu">Louis de Montesquieu</a> – <i>Scrisori Persane</i> (<a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> – <i>Noua Eloiză</i> (<a href="/wiki/1761" title="1761">1761</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> – <i>Călătoriile lui Gulliver</i> (<a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Voltaire</a> - <i>Candid</i> (<a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism"><span style="color:white;">Lucrări / Concepte <br /> antagonice </span></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autocra%C8%9Bie" title="Autocrație">Autocrație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoritarism" title="Autoritarism">Autoritarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenzur%C4%83" title="Cenzură">Cenzură</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constr%C3%A2ngere_economic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constrângere economică — pagină inexistentă">Constrângeri economice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constr%C3%A2ngere_social%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constrângere socială — pagină inexistentă">Constrângeri sociale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatism">Dogmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evul_mediu" class="mw-redirect" title="Evul mediu">Evul mediu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intoleran%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intoleranță — pagină inexistentă">Intoleranță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#222c47; color:white;;width:1%"><b>Concepte înrudite <br /> sau precursoare</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolutism_luminat" title="Absolutism luminat">Absolutism luminat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstractizare" title="Abstractizare">Abstractizare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelism" title="Aristotelism">Aristotelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateism" title="Ateism">Ateism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clasicism_Weimar-ian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clasicism Weimar-ian — pagină inexistentă">Clasicism Weimar-ian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum" title="Cogito, ergo sum">Cogito, ergo sum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contra-Iluminism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contra-Iluminism — pagină inexistentă">Contra-Iluminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democra%C8%9Bie" title="Democrație">Democrație</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepturile_omului" title="Drepturile omului">Drepturile omului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedism" title="Enciclopedism">Enciclopedism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofie_natural%C4%83" title="Filozofie naturală">Filozofie naturală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndire_critic%C4%83" title="Gândire critică">Gândire critică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_clasic" title="Liberalism clasic">Liberalism clasic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bi_civile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libertăți civile — pagină inexistentă">Libertăți civile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metod%C4%83_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bific%C4%83" title="Metodă științifică">Metodă științifică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism" title="Naționalism">Naționalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neostoicism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neostoicism — pagină inexistentă">Neostoicism</a> (concept precursor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obiectivitate" title="Obiectivitate">Obiectivitate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottocento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottocento — pagină inexistentă">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9B%C4%83_liber%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Piață liberă">Piață liberă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%9Bionalism" title="Raționalism">Raționalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%9Bionalitate" title="Raționalitate">Raționalitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C8%9Biune" title="Rațiune">Rațiune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_francez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția franceză">Revoluția franceză</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapere_aude" title="Sapere aude">Sapere aude</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scepticism_metodic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scepticism metodic — pagină inexistentă">Scepticism metodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicento — pagină inexistentă">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Settecento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Settecento — pagină inexistentă">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Știință">Știință</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umanism" title="Umanism">Umanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universalitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universalitate — pagină inexistentă">Universalitate</a></li></ul> <br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#222c47; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Categorie"><img alt="Categorie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Iluminism" title="Categorie:Iluminism"><span style="color:white;">Iluminism</span></a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90672881">90672881</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX960938">XX960938</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928669t">cb11928669t</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11928669t">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00244832?l=en">DA00244832</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118627813">118627813</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016207">016207</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121280652">0000 0001 2128 0652</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/7110d627-1ab4-4481-90a9-a4d712887457">7110d627-1ab4-4481-90a9-a4d712887457</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80126267">n80126267</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000028547&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000028547</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/571170e9-bb0c-4d12-a9ad-9c926fb784a8">571170e9-bb0c-4d12-a9ad-9c926fb784a8</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459873">00459873</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981002352&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19981002352</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35153427">35153427</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000002412&local_base=nsk10">000002412</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Art_History#Online_artist_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Institute for Art History">RKD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6xs5t6n">w6xs5t6n</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027190099">027190099</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500354532">500354532</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36925746">36925746</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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noiembrie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Decese_%C3%AEn_1778" title="Categorie:Decese în 1778">Decese în 1778</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Decese_pe_30_mai" title="Categorie:Decese pe 30 mai">Decese pe 30 mai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Absolven%C8%9Bi_ai_Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Categorie:Absolvenți ai Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Absolvenți ai Lycée Louis-le-Grand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Critici_ai_religiei" title="Categorie:Critici ai religiei">Critici ai religiei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Decese_%C3%AEn_Paris" title="Categorie:Decese în Paris">Decese în Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Dei%C8%99ti_francezi" title="Categorie:Deiști francezi">Deiști francezi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Dramaturgi_francezi" title="Categorie:Dramaturgi francezi">Dramaturgi francezi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Eponime_ale_asteroizilor" title="Categorie:Eponime ale asteroizilor">Eponime ale asteroizilor</a></li><li><a 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