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force</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: drawbar force"> <meta name="keywords" content="drawbar force"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="drawbar force"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2224</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: drawbar force</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2224</span> Comparative Study on Soil Tillage Using Rotary Tiller and Power Harrow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watcharachan%20Sukcharoenvipharat">Watcharachan Sukcharoenvipharat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prathuang%20Usaborisut"> Prathuang Usaborisut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirisak%20Choedkiatphon"> Sirisak Choedkiatphon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Farmers try to reduce steps of soil preparation by using subsoiler and then following by equipment for soil pulverization such as a rotary tiller and a power harrow which take advantage of using a power take-off of a tractor. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the tilling performances of a rotary tiller and a power harrow applying after subsoiling. The results showed that both the rotary tiller and the power harrow had negative slip, indicating that they generated force to push a tractor. The rotary tiller created negative vertical force to lift up the tractor whereas opposite result was found when using the power harrow. Since working depths were different, vertical forces, torques and PTO powers for two equipment types were significantly different. However, no significant differences were found for the forward speeds, slips, drawbar pulls and drawbar powers. Comparative analysis showed that two equipment types had significant difference in PTO power to working depth, drawbar power to working depth, PTO power to working area, drawbar power to working area and soil pulverization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotary%20Tiller" title="Rotary Tiller">Rotary Tiller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Power%20Harrow" title=" Power Harrow"> Power Harrow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drawbar%20Pull" title=" Drawbar Pull"> Drawbar Pull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drawbar%20Power" title=" Drawbar Power"> Drawbar Power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTO%20Power" title=" PTO Power"> PTO Power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66141/comparative-study-on-soil-tillage-using-rotary-tiller-and-power-harrow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2223</span> Effect of the Drawbar Force on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Spindle-Tool Holder System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui-Pui%20Hung">Jui-Pui Hung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Sheng%20Lai"> Yu-Sheng Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzuo-Liang%20Luo"> Tzuo-Liang Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kung-Da%20Wu"> Kung-Da Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Ji%20Zhan"> Yun-Ji Zhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presented the investigation of the influence of the tool holder interface stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of a spindle tool system. The interface stiffness was produced by drawbar force on the tool holder, which tends to affect the spindle dynamics. In order to assess the influence of interface stiffness on the vibration characteristic of spindle unit, we first created a three dimensional finite element model of a high speed spindle system integrated with tool holder. The key point for the creation of FEM model is the modeling of the rolling interface within the angular contact bearings and the tool holder interface. The former can be simulated by a introducing a series of spring elements between inner and outer rings. The contact stiffness was calculated according to Hertz contact theory and the preload applied on the bearings. The interface stiffness of the tool holder was identified through the experimental measurement and finite element modal analysis. Current results show that the dynamic stiffness was greatly influenced by the tool holder system. In addition, variations of modal damping, static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of the spindle tool system were greatly determined by the interface stiffness of the tool holder which was in turn dependent on the draw bar force applied on the tool holder. Overall, this study demonstrates that identification of the interface characteristics of spindle tool holder is of very importance for the refinement of the spindle tooling system to achieve the optimum machining performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20stiffness" title="dynamic stiffness">dynamic stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spindle-tool%20holder" title=" spindle-tool holder"> spindle-tool holder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20stiffness" title=" interface stiffness"> interface stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drawbar%20force" title=" drawbar force"> drawbar force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10212/effect-of-the-drawbar-force-on-the-dynamic-characteristics-of-a-spindle-tool-holder-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2222</span> Key Technologies and Evolution Strategies for Computing Force Bearer Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaojunfeng">Zhaojunfeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driven by the national policy of "East Data and Western Calculation", the computing first network will attract a new wave of development. As the foundation of the development of the computing first network, the computing force bearer network has become the key direction of technology research and development in the industry. This article will analyze typical computing force application scenarios and bearing requirements and sort out the SLA indicators of computing force applications. On this basis, this article carries out research and discussion on the key technologies of computing force bearer network in a slice packet network, and finally, gives evolution policy for SPN computing force bearer network to support the development of SPN computing force bearer network technology and network deployment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component-computing%20force%20bearing" title="component-computing force bearing">component-computing force bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20requirements%20of%20computing%20force%20application" title=" bearing requirements of computing force application"> bearing requirements of computing force application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-SLA%20indicators%20for%20computing%20force%20applications" title=" dual-SLA indicators for computing force applications"> dual-SLA indicators for computing force applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRv6" title=" SRv6"> SRv6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution%20strategies" title=" evolution strategies"> evolution strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155006/key-technologies-and-evolution-strategies-for-computing-force-bearer-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2221</span> A Deep Explanation for the Formation of Force as a Foundational Law of Physics by Incorporating Unknown Degrees of Freedom into Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Farshad">Mohsen Farshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and force definition has been intertwined with the concept of entropy for many years. The displacement information of degrees of freedom with Brownian motions at a given temperature in space emerges as an entropic force between species. Here, we use this concept of entropy to understand the underlying physics behind the formation of attractive and repulsive forces by imagining that space is filled with free Brownian degrees of freedom. We incorporate the radius of bodies and the distance between them into entropic force relation systematically. Using this modified gravitational entropic force, we derive the attractive entropic force between bodies without considering their spin. We further hypothesize a possible mechanism for the formation of the repulsive force between two bodies. We visually elaborate that the repulsive entropic force will be manifested through the rotation of degrees of freedom around the spinning particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force" title=" force"> force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brownian%20Motions" title=" Brownian Motions"> Brownian Motions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150175/a-deep-explanation-for-the-formation-of-force-as-a-foundational-law-of-physics-by-incorporating-unknown-degrees-of-freedom-into-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2220</span> Tensile Force Estimation for Real-Size Pre-Stressed Concrete Girder using Embedded Elasto-Magnetic Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junkyeong%20Kim">Junkyeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyoung%20Park"> Jooyoung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoqi%20Zhang"> Aoqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tensile force of Pre-Stressed Concrete (PSC) girder is the most important factor for evaluating the performance of PSC girder bridges. To measure the tensile force of PSC girder, several NDT methods were studied. However, conventional NDT method cannot be applied to the real-size PSC girder because the PS tendons could not be approached. To measure the tensile force of real-size PSC girder, this study proposed embedded EM sensor based tensile force estimation method. The embedded EM sensor could be installed inside of PSC girder as a sheath joint before the concrete casting. After curing process, the PS tendons were installed, and the tensile force was induced step by step using hydraulic jacking machine. The B-H loop was measured using embedded EM sensor at each tensile force steps and to compare with actual tensile force, the load cell was installed at each end of girder. The magnetization energy loss, that is the closed area of B-H loop, was decreased according to the increase of tensile force with regular pattern. Thus, the tensile force could be estimated by the tracking the change of magnetization energy loss of PS tendons. Through the experimental result, the proposed method can be used to estimate the tensile force of the in-situ real-size PSC girder bridge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20force%20estimation" title="tensile force estimation">tensile force estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20EM%20sensor" title=" embedded EM sensor"> embedded EM sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetization%20energy%20loss" title=" magnetization energy loss"> magnetization energy loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSC%20girder" title=" PSC girder"> PSC girder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57237/tensile-force-estimation-for-real-size-pre-stressed-concrete-girder-using-embedded-elasto-magnetic-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2219</span> A Method to Determine Cutting Force Coefficients in Turning Using Mechanistic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20C.%20Bera">T. C. Bera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bansal"> A. Bansal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Nema"> D. Nema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During performing turning operation, cutting force plays a significant role in metal cutting process affecting tool-work piece deflection, vibration and eventually part quality. The present research work aims to develop a mechanistic cutting force model and to study the mechanistic constants used in the force model in case of turning operation. The proposed model can be used for the reliable and accurate estimation of the cutting forces establishing relationship of various force components (cutting force and feed force) with uncut chip thickness. The accurate estimation of cutting force is required to improve thin-walled part accuracy by controlling the tool-work piece deflection induced surface errors and tool-work piece vibration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning" title="turning">turning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20forces" title=" cutting forces"> cutting forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20constants" title=" cutting constants"> cutting constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncut%20chip%20thickness" title=" uncut chip thickness"> uncut chip thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30832/a-method-to-determine-cutting-force-coefficients-in-turning-using-mechanistic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2218</span> Study of Parameters Affecting the Electrostatic Attractions Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Sabermand">Vahid Sabermand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Hojjat"> Yousef Hojjat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Hasanzadeh"> Majid Hasanzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contains two main parts. In the first part of paper we simulated and studied three type of electrode patterns used in various industries for suspension and handling of the semiconductor and glass and we selected the best pattern by evaluating the electrostatic force, which was comb pattern electrode. In the second part, we investigated the parameters affecting the amount of electrostatic force such as the gap between surface and electrode (g), the electrode width (w), the gap between electrodes (t), the surface permittivity and electrode Length and methods of improvement of adhesion force by changing these values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20force" title="electrostatic force">electrostatic force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20adhesion" title=" electrostatic adhesion"> electrostatic adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20chuck" title=" electrostatic chuck"> electrostatic chuck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20application%20in%20industry" title=" electrostatic application in industry"> electrostatic application in industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroadhesive%20grippers" title=" electroadhesive grippers"> electroadhesive grippers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16573/study-of-parameters-affecting-the-electrostatic-attractions-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2217</span> The Effect of Main Factors on Forces during FSJ Processing of AA2024 Aluminum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunwen%20Zuo">Dunwen Zuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongfang%20Deng"> Yongfang Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Song"> Bo Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt is made here to measure the forces of three directions, under conditions of different feed speeds, different tilt angles of tool and without or with the pin on the tool, by using octagonal ring dynamometer in the AA2024 aluminum FSJ (Friction Stir Joining) process, and investigate how four main factors influence forces in the FSJ process. It is found that, high feed speed lead to small feed force and small lateral force, but high feed speed leads to large feed force in the stable joining stage of process. As the rotational speed increasing, the time of axial force drop from the maximum to the minimum required increased in the push-up process. In the stable joining stage, the rotational speed has little effect on the feed force; large rotational speed leads to small lateral force and axial force. The maximum axial force increases as the tilt angle of tool increases at the downward movement stage. At the moment of start feeding, as tilt angle of tool increases, the amplitudes of the axial force increasing become large. In the stable joining stage, with the increase of tilt angle of tool, the axial force is increased, the lateral force is decreased, and the feed force almost unchanged. The tool with pin will decrease axial force in the downward movement stage. The feed force and lateral force will increase, but the axial force will reduced in the stable joining stage by using the tool with pin compare to by using the tool without pin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSJ" title="FSJ">FSJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20factor" title=" force factor"> force factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA2024%20aluminum" title=" AA2024 aluminum"> AA2024 aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20joining" title=" friction stir joining"> friction stir joining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22273/the-effect-of-main-factors-on-forces-during-fsj-processing-of-aa2024-aluminum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2216</span> Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors: Based Force Sensor Array for Occlusal Force Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Che%20Chen">Sheng-Che Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keng-Ren%20Lin"> Keng-Ren Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Che-Hsin%20Lin"> Che-Hsin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Yuan%20Tseng"> Hao-Yuan Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Han%20Chang"> Chih-Han Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teeth play an important role in providing the essential nutrients. The force loading of chewing on the crow is important condition to evaluate long-term success of many dental treatments. However, the quantification of the force regarding forces are distributed over the dental crow is still not well recognized. This study presents an industrial-grade piezoelectric-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) force sensor for measuring the distribution of the force distribute over the first molar. The developed sensor array is based on a flexible polyimide electrode and barium titanate-based MLCCs. MLCCs are commonly used in the electronic industry and it is a typical electric component composed of BaTiO₃, which is used as a capacitive material. The most important is that it also can be used as a force-sensing component by its piezoelectric property. In this study, to increase the sensitivity as well as to reduce the variation of different MLCCs, a treatment process is utilized. The MLCC force sensors are able to measure large forces (above 500 N), making them suitable for measuring the bite forces on the tooth crown. Moreover, the sensors also show good force response and good repeatability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20sensor%20array" title="force sensor array">force sensor array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20ceramic%20capacitors" title=" multilayer ceramic capacitors"> multilayer ceramic capacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusal%20force" title=" occlusal force"> occlusal force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45572/multilayer-ceramic-capacitors-based-force-sensor-array-for-occlusal-force-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2215</span> Research on Axial End Flux Leakage and Detent Force of Transverse Flux PM Linear Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20R.%20Li">W. R. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20K.%20Xia"> J. K. Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Q.%20Peng"> R. Q. Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Y.%20Guo"> Z. Y. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Jiang"> L. Jiang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to 3D magnetic circuit of the transverse flux PM linear machine, distribution law is presented, and analytical expression of axial end flux leakage is derived using numerical method. Maxwell stress tensor is used to solve detent force of mover. A 3D finite element model of the transverse flux PM machine is built to analyze the flux distribution and detent force. Experimental results of the prototype verified the validity of axial end flux leakage and detent force theoretical derivation, the research on axial end flux leakage and detent force provides a valuable reference to other types of linear machine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20end%20flux%20leakage" title="axial end flux leakage">axial end flux leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detent%20force" title=" detent force"> detent force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flux%20distribution" title=" flux distribution"> flux distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20flux%20PM%20linear%20machine" title=" transverse flux PM linear machine"> transverse flux PM linear machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46785/research-on-axial-end-flux-leakage-and-detent-force-of-transverse-flux-pm-linear-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2214</span> Effect of Geomagnetic Field on Motion of Conductor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Gupta">Bharti Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaukik%20Sharma"> Alaukik Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first aim is to determine the effect of the Earth's magnetic field on the motion of a conductor to evaluate the variations of the orbital elements of the conductor due to these effects. The effects of Earth's magnetic field on the motion of conductors have been studied at different heights, longitudes and latitudes. When the conductor cut the geomagnetic line of force, then an electro-motive force (EMF) is induced across to the conductor. Due to this induced EMF, an induced current will flow through the conductor. Resulting, a Lorentz force will be applied on the conductor who opposes the motion of the conductor. So our second aim is to determine the accurate value of Induced EMF and induced Lorentz Force at different heights, longitudes and latitudes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20EMF" title="induced EMF">induced EMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentz%20force" title=" Lorentz force"> Lorentz force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geomagnetic%20lines%20of%20force" title=" geomagnetic lines of force"> geomagnetic lines of force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20conductor" title=" moving conductor"> moving conductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139989/effect-of-geomagnetic-field-on-motion-of-conductor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2213</span> Simulation and Experimental Study on Tensile Force Measurement of PS Tendons Using an Embedded EM Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ByoungJoon%20Yu">ByoungJoon Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junkyeong%20Kim"> Junkyeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tensile force estimation PS tendons is in great demand on monitoring the structural health condition of PSC girder bridges. Measuring the tensile force of the PS tendons inside the PSC girder using conventional methods is hard due to its location. In this paper, an embedded EM sensor based tensile force estimation of PS tendon was carried out by measuring the permeability of the PS tendons in PSC girder. The permeability is changed due to the induced tensile force by the magneto-elastic effect and the effect then lead to the gradient change of the B-H curve. An experiment was performed to obtain the signals from the EM sensor using three down-scaled PSC girder models. The permeability of PS tendons was proportionally decreased according to the increase of the tensile forces. To verify the experiment results, a simulation of tensile force estimation will be conducted in further study. Consequently, it is expected that both the experiment results and the simulation results increase the accuracy of the tensile force estimation, and then it could be one of the solutions for evaluating the performance of PSC girder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20force%20estimation" title="tensile force estimation">tensile force estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20EM%20sensor" title=" embedded EM sensor"> embedded EM sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSC%20girder" title=" PSC girder"> PSC girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20sensor%20simulation" title=" EM sensor simulation"> EM sensor simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20section%20loss" title=" cross section loss"> cross section loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57263/simulation-and-experimental-study-on-tensile-force-measurement-of-ps-tendons-using-an-embedded-em-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2212</span> Research on Robot Adaptive Polishing Control Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Ming%20Zhang">Yi Ming Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhan%20Xi%20Wang"> Zhan Xi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Chen"> Hang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Wang"> Gang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manual polishing has problems such as high labor intensity, low production efficiency and difficulty in guaranteeing the consistency of polishing quality. It is more and more necessary to replace manual polishing with robot polishing. Polishing force directly affects the quality of polishing, so accurate tracking and control of polishing force is one of the most important conditions for improving the accuracy of robot polishing. The traditional force control strategy is difficult to adapt to the strong coupling of force control and position control during the robot polishing process. Therefore, based on the analysis of force-based impedance control and position-based impedance control, this paper proposed a new type of adaptive controller. Based on force feedback control of active compliance control, the controller can adaptively estimate the stiffness and position of the external environment and eliminate the steady-state force error produced by traditional impedance control. The simulation results of the model shows that the adaptive controller has good adaptability to changing environmental positions and environmental stiffness, and can accurately track and control polishing force. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20polishing" title="robot polishing">robot polishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20feedback" title=" force feedback"> force feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20control" title=" impedance control"> impedance control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title=" adaptive control"> adaptive control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133040/research-on-robot-adaptive-polishing-control-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2211</span> Influence of Angular Position of Unbalanced Force on Crack Breathing Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roselyn%20Zaman">Roselyn Zaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mobarak%20Hossain"> Mobarak Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new mathematical model is developed to study crack breathing behavior considering effect of angular position of unbalanced force at different crack locations. Crack breathing behavior has been determined using effectual bending angle by studying the transient change of the crack area. Different crack breathing behavior of the unbalanced shaft has been observed for different combination of angular position of unbalanced force with crack location except crack locations 0.3L and 0.8335L, where L is the total length of the shaft, where unbalanced shaft behave completely like the balanced shaft. Based on different combination of angular position of unbalanced force with crack location, the stiffness of unbalanced shaft can be divided into three regions. An unbalanced shaft is overall stiffer than a balanced shaft when angular position of unbalance force is between 90° to 270° and crack located between 0.3L and 0.8335L, and it is overall flexible when the crack located in outside this crack region. On the other hand, it is overall flexible when angular position of unbalanced force is between 0° to 90° or 270° to 360° and crack located in middle region and it is overall stiffer for outside this crack region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracked%20shaft" title="cracked shaft">cracked shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20location" title=" crack location"> crack location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20stiffness" title=" shaft stiffness"> shaft stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20force" title=" unbalanced force"> unbalanced force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20unbalanced%20force%20orientation" title=" and unbalanced force orientation"> and unbalanced force orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87582/influence-of-angular-position-of-unbalanced-force-on-crack-breathing-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2210</span> An Experimental Study of Automotive Drum Brake Vibrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouby%20Ghazaly">Nouby Ghazaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper investigates experimentally the effect coefficient of friction at different operation conditions on the variation of the brake temperature, brake force, and brake vibration with the braking time. All the experimental tests were carried out using brake dynamometer which designed and constructed in Vehicle Dynamic Laboratory. The results indicate that the brake temperature increases with the increase of the normal force and sliding speed especially with the increase of the braking time. The normal force has the effect on increasing the brake force. On the contrary, the vehicle speed has the effect on decreasing the brake force. Both the normal force and sliding speed affect the brake vibration according to the friction behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20dynamometer" title="brake dynamometer">brake dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20friction" title=" coefficient of friction"> coefficient of friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drum%20brake%20vibrations" title=" drum brake vibrations"> drum brake vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20behavior" title=" friction behavior"> friction behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54502/an-experimental-study-of-automotive-drum-brake-vibrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2209</span> Force Feedback Enabled Syringe for Aspiration and Biopsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelin%20Su%20Firat">Pelin Su Firat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohyung%20Cho"> Sohyung Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biopsy or aspiration procedures are known to be complicated as they involve the penetration of a needle through human tissues, including vital organs. This research presents the design of a force sensor-guided device to be used with syringes and needles for aspiration and biopsy. The development of the device was aimed to help accomplish accurate needle placement and increase the performance of the surgeon in navigating the tool and tracking the target. Specifically, a prototype for a force-sensor embedded syringe has been created using 3D (3-Dimensional) modeling and printing techniques in which two different force sensors were used to provide significant force feedback to users during the operations when needles pernitrate different tissues. From the extensive tests using synthetic tissues, it is shown that the proposed syringe design has accomplished the desired accuracy, efficiency, repeatability, and effectiveness. Further development is desirable through usability tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopsy" title="biopsy">biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syringe" title=" syringe"> syringe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20sensors" title=" force sensors"> force sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haptic%20feedback" title=" haptic feedback"> haptic feedback</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183278/force-feedback-enabled-syringe-for-aspiration-and-biopsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2208</span> Slope Stability of an Earthen Levee Strengthened by HPTRM under Turbulent Overtopping Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fashad%20Amini">Fashad Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Li"> Lin Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High performance turf reinforcement mat (HPTRM) is one of the most advanced flexible armoring technologies for severe erosion challenges. The effect of turbulence on the slope stability of an earthen levee strengthened by high performance turf reinforcement mat (HPTRM) is investigated in this study for combined storm surge and wave overtopping conditions. The results show that turbulence has strong influence on the slope stability during the combined storm surge and wave overtopping conditions. Among the surge height, peak wave force and turbulent force. The turbulent force has the ability to stabilize the earthen levee at the large wave force the turbulent force has strongest effect on the FS. The surge storm acts as an independent force on the slope stability of the earthen levee. It just adds to the effects of the turbulent force and wave force on the slope stability of HPTRM strengthened levee. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title="slope stability">slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20reduction%20method" title=" strength reduction method"> strength reduction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPTRM" title=" HPTRM"> HPTRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levee" title=" levee"> levee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overtopping" title=" overtopping "> overtopping </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17649/slope-stability-of-an-earthen-levee-strengthened-by-hptrm-under-turbulent-overtopping-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2207</span> Evaluation of Joint Contact Forces and Muscle Forces in the Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Karimi">Mohammad Taghi Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Hasan%20Zahraee"> Maryam Hasan Zahraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common health and socioeconomic problem, especially the chronic one. The joint contact force is an important parameter during walking which increases the incidence of injury and degenerative joint disease. To our best knowledge, there are not enough evidences in literature on the muscular forces and joint contact forces in subjects with low back pain. Purpose: The main hypothesis associated with this research was that joint contact force of L4/L5 of non-specific chronic low back pain subjects was the same as that of normal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the joint contact force difference between non-specific chronic low back pain and normal subjects. Method: This was an experimental-comparative study. 20 normal subjects and 20 non-specific chronic low back pain patients were recruited in this study. Qualysis motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to collect the motions and the force applied on the leg, respectively. OpenSimm software used to determine joint contact force and muscle forces in this study. Some parameters such as force applied on the legs (pelvis), kinematic of hip and pelvic, peaks of muscles, force of trunk musculature and joint contact force of L5/S1 were used for further analysis. Differences between mean values of all data were measured using two-sample t-test among the subjects. Results: The force produced by Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, and Adductor muscles were significantly different between low back pain and normal subjects. Moreover, the mean value of breaking component of the force of the knee joint increased significantly in low back pain subjects, besides a significant decrease in mean value of the vertical component of joint reaction force compared to the normal ones. Conclusions: The forces produced by the trunk and pelvic muscles, and joint contact forces differ significantly between low back pain and normal subjects. It seems that those with non-specific chronic low back pain use trunk muscles more than normal subjects to stabilize the pelvic during walking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title="low back pain">low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20contact%20force" title=" joint contact force"> joint contact force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20force" title=" muscle force"> muscle force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748/evaluation-of-joint-contact-forces-and-muscle-forces-in-the-subjects-with-non-specific-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2206</span> Introduction of the Fluid-Structure Coupling into the Force Analysis Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oc%C3%A9ane%20Grosset">Océane Grosset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20P%C3%A9zerat"> Charles Pézerat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Hugh%20Thomas"> Jean-Hugh Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Ablitzer"> Frédéric Ablitzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method to take into account the fluid-structure coupling into an inverse method, the Force Analysis Technique (FAT). The FAT method, also called RIFF method (Filtered Windowed Inverse Resolution), allows to identify the force distribution from local vibration field. In order to only identify the external force applied on a structure, it is necessary to quantify the fluid-structure coupling, especially in naval application, where the fluid is heavy. This method can be decomposed in two parts, the first one consists in identifying the fluid-structure coupling and the second one to introduced it in the FAT method to reconstruct the external force. Results of simulations on a plate coupled with a cavity filled with water are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aeroacoustics" title="aeroacoustics">aeroacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20coupling" title=" fluid-structure coupling"> fluid-structure coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20methods" title=" inverse methods"> inverse methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naval" title=" naval"> naval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58380/introduction-of-the-fluid-structure-coupling-into-the-force-analysis-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2205</span> Non-Linear Control in Positioning of PMLSM by Estimates of the Load Force by MRAS Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maamar%20Yahiaoui">Maamar Yahiaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrrahmene%20Kechich"> Abdelrrahmene Kechich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Elkhallile%20Bousserhene"> Ismail Elkhallile Bousserhene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a study in simulation by means of MATLAB/Simulink software of the nonlinear control in positioning of a linear synchronous machine with the esteemed force of load, to have effective control in the estimator in all tests the wished trajectory follows and the disturbance of load start. The results of simulation prove clearly that the control proposed can detect the reference of positioning the value estimates of load force equal to the actual value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title="mathematical model">mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMLSM" title=" PMLSM"> PMLSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linearization" title=" linearization"> linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimator" title=" estimator"> estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force" title=" force"> force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load" title=" load"> load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current" title=" current "> current </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11469/non-linear-control-in-positioning-of-pmlsm-by-estimates-of-the-load-force-by-mras-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2204</span> Development of a Force-Sensing Toothbrush for Gum Recession Measurement Using Programmable Automation Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sorayya%20Kazemi">Sorayya Kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Kharrati"> Hamed Kharrati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Abedinpour%20Fallah"> Mehdi Abedinpour Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel electric pressure-sensitive toothbrush, capable of measuring the forces applied to the head of the brush. The developed device is used for gum recession measurement. In particular, the percentage of gum recession is measured by a Programmable Automation controller (PAC). Moreover, the brushing forces are measured by a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) sensor. These forces are analog inputs of PAC. According to the applied forces during patient’s brushing and the patient’s percentage of gum recession, dentist sets the standard force range. The instrument alarms when the patient applies a force over the set range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gum%20recession" title="gum recession">gum recession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20sensing%20resistor" title=" force sensing resistor"> force sensing resistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toothbrush" title=" toothbrush"> toothbrush</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30211/development-of-a-force-sensing-toothbrush-for-gum-recession-measurement-using-programmable-automation-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2203</span> Identification of Force Vector on an Elastic Solid Using an Embeded PVDF Senor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Youssef">Andrew Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20%20Matthews"> David Matthews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Pan"> Jie Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying the magnitude and direction of a force on an elastic solid is highly desirable, as this allows for investigation and continual monitoring of the dynamic loading. This was traditionally conducted by connecting the solid to the supporting structure by multi-axial force transducer, providing that the transducer will not change the mounting conditions. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is a versatile force transducer that can be easily embedded in structures. Here a PVDF sensor array is embedded inside a simple structure in an effort to determine the force vector applied to the structure is an inverse problem. In this paper, forces of different magnitudes and directions where applied to the structure with an impact hammer, and the output of the PVDF was captured and processed to gain an estimate of the forces applied by the hammer. The outcome extends the scope of application of PVDF sensors for measuring the external or contact force vectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20sensor" title="embedded sensor">embedded sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF" title=" PVDF"> PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration" title=" vibration"> vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890/identification-of-force-vector-on-an-elastic-solid-using-an-embeded-pvdf-senor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2202</span> Accurate Cortical Reconstruction in Narrow Sulci with Zero-Non-Zero Distance (ZNZD) Vector Field </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somojit%20Saha">Somojit Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20K.%20Chatterjee"> Rohit K. Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarit%20K.%20Das"> Sarit K. Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avijit%20Kar"> Avijit Kar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new force field is designed for propagation of the parametric contour into deep narrow cortical fold in the application of knowledge based reconstruction of cerebral cortex from MR image of brain. Designing of this force field is highly inspired by the Generalized Gradient Vector Flow (GGVF) model and markedly differs in manipulation of image information in order to determine the direction of propagation of the contour. While GGVF uses edge map as its main driving force, the newly designed force field uses the map of distance between zero valued pixels and their nearest non-zero valued pixel as its main driving force. Hence, it is called Zero-Non-Zero Distance (ZNZD) force field. The objective of this force field is forceful propagation of the contour beyond spurious convergence due to partial volume effect (PVE) in to narrow sulcal fold. Being function of the corresponding non-zero pixel value, the force field has got an inherent property to determine spuriousness of the edge automatically. It is effectively applied along with some morphological processing in the application of cortical reconstruction to breach the hindrance of PVE in narrow sulci where conventional GGVF fails. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformable%20model" title="deformable model">deformable model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20force%20field" title=" external force field"> external force field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20volume%20effect" title=" partial volume effect"> partial volume effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortical%20reconstruction" title=" cortical reconstruction"> cortical reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MR%20image%20of%20brain" title=" MR image of brain"> MR image of brain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38396/accurate-cortical-reconstruction-in-narrow-sulci-with-zero-non-zero-distance-znzd-vector-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2201</span> A Problem in Microstretch Thermoelastic Diffusive Medium </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devinder%20Singh">Devinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Kumar"> Arvind Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajneesh%20Kumar"> Rajneesh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The general solution of the equations for a homogeneous isotropic microstretch thermo elastic medium with mass diffusion for two dimensional problems is obtained due to normal and tangential forces. The integral transform technique is used to obtain the components of displacements, microrotation, stress and mass concentration, temperature change and mass concentration. A particular case of interest is deduced from the present investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20force" title="normal force">normal force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangential%20force" title="tangential force">tangential force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstretch" title=" microstretch"> microstretch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelastic" title=" thermoelastic"> thermoelastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20integral%20transform%20technique" title=" the integral transform technique"> the integral transform technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforming%20force" title=" deforming force"> deforming force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstress%20force" title=" microstress force"> microstress force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20value%20problem" title=" boundary value problem"> boundary value problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2040/a-problem-in-microstretch-thermoelastic-diffusive-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2200</span> A Calibration Device for Force-Torque Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolay%20Zarutskiy">Nicolay Zarutskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Bulkin"> Roman Bulkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the existing methods of force-torque sensor calibration with a number of components from one to six, analyzed their advantages and disadvantages, the necessity of introduction of a calibration method. Calibration method and its constructive realization are also described here. A calibration method allows performing automated force-torque sensor calibration both with selected components of the main vector of forces and moments and with complex loading. Thus, two main advantages of the proposed calibration method are achieved: the automation of the calibration process and universality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title="automation">automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration%20device" title=" calibration device"> calibration device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration%20method" title=" calibration method"> calibration method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force-torque%20sensors" title=" force-torque sensors"> force-torque sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50156/a-calibration-device-for-force-torque-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">646</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2199</span> Development of a Real Time Axial Force Measurement System and IoT-Based Monitoring for Smart Bearing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassam%20Ahmed">Hassam Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanzhi%20Liu"> Yuanzhi Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassine%20Selami"> Yassine Selami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Tao"> Wei Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Zhao"> Hui Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to develop a real time axial force measurement system for a smart bearing through the use of strain-gauges, whereby the data acquisition is performed by an Arduino microcontroller due to its easy manipulation and low-cost. The measured signal is acquired and then discretized using a Wheatstone Bridge and an Analog-Digital Converter (ADC) respectively. For bearing monitoring, a real time monitoring system based on Internet of things (IoT) and Bluetooth were developed. Experimental tests were performed on a bearing within a force range up to 600 kN. The experimental results show that there is a proportional linear relationship between the applied force and the output voltage, and the error R squared is within 0.9878 based on the regression analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title="bearing">bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20measurement" title=" force measurement"> force measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20gauge" title=" strain gauge"> strain gauge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110677/development-of-a-real-time-axial-force-measurement-system-and-iot-based-monitoring-for-smart-bearing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2198</span> Soret-Driven Convection in a Binary Fluid with Coriolis Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Z.%20Abidin">N. H. Z. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20F.%20M.%20Mokhtar"> N. F. M. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20A.%20Gani"> S. S. A. Gani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of diffusion of the thermal or known as Soret effect in a heated Binary fluid model with Coriolis force is investigated theoretically. The linear stability analysis is used, and the eigenvalue is obtained using the Galerkin method. The impact of the Soret and Coriolis force on the onset of stationary convection in a system is analysed with respect to various Binary fluid parameters and presented graphically. It is found that an increase of the Soret values, destabilize the Binary fluid layer system. However, elevating the values of the Coriolis force helps to lag the onset of convection in a system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benard%20convection" title="Benard convection">Benard convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20fluid" title=" binary fluid"> binary fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coriolis" title=" Coriolis"> Coriolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soret" title=" Soret "> Soret </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68076/soret-driven-convection-in-a-binary-fluid-with-coriolis-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2197</span> An Experimental Investigation on the Amount of Drag Force of Sand on a Cone Moving at Low Uniform Speed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jahanandish">M. Jahanandish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gh.%20Sadeghian"> Gh. Sadeghian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Daneshvar"> M. H. Daneshvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Jahanandish"> M. H. Jahanandish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The amount of resistance of a particular medium like soil to the moving objects is the interest of many areas in science. These include soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering, powder mechanics etc. Knowledge of drag force is also used for estimating the amount of momentum of fired objects like bullets. This paper focuses on measurement of drag force of sand on a cone when it moves at a low constant speed. A 30-degree apex angle cone has been used for this purpose. The study consisted of both loose and dense conditions of the soil. The applied speed has been in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm/min. The results indicate that the required force is basically independent of the cone speed; but, it is very dependent on the material densification and confining stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20force" title="drag force">drag force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20speed" title=" moving speed"> moving speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20angle" title=" friction angle"> friction angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title=" densification"> densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confining%20stress" title=" confining stress"> confining stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58734/an-experimental-investigation-on-the-amount-of-drag-force-of-sand-on-a-cone-moving-at-low-uniform-speed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2196</span> The Determinants of Female Participation to the Labour Force in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Karacor">Zeynep Karacor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahime%20Hulya%20Ozturk"> Rahime Hulya Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Located in developing countries but with the successful performance in recent years have shown in emerging economies , the labor factor has undoubtedly an important place in Turkish economy. The theorists have emphasized the importance of labor and human capital factors for many years. The importance of human capital is emerging in the process of determining the labor force participation rate. It is relatively easy to employ qualified labor force but employment of unskilled labor is particularly difficult. Another factor affecting the gender differences are employment opportunities in the labor force. In our country, the employment conditions of men and women differ. Factors causing these differentials are inherent job requirements, the social structure of society, women's point of view, working hours, working conditions. Crisis in our country in recent years have significantly affect the labor force participation rates. In particular, women's labor force participation rates have shown a decrease in crisis.In crisis female laborforce leave their job and go their home. It is the sole provider of social perception of men so in crisis period it is considered that woman lost their job. In the first part of this study the current situation in the world of female participation in the labor force in Turkey will examine. In the second part of the study literature will be examined. In the third and last part of the study factors of determinants of female labor force participation rate analysis will done by Granger Causality Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20labour%20force" title="female labour force">female labour force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20force" title=" labor force"> labor force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59821/the-determinants-of-female-participation-to-the-labour-force-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2195</span> Linearization of Y-Force Equation of Rigid Body Equation of Motion and Behavior of Fighter Aircraft under Imbalance Weight on Wings during Combat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Zakir">Jawad Zakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Irtiza%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Irtiza Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Shaharyar"> Rana Shaharyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Mahmood"> Sidra Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Y-force equation comprises aerodynamic forces, drag and side force with side slip angle β and weight component along with the coupled roll (φ) and pitch angles (θ). This research deals with the linearization of Y-force equation using Small Disturbance theory assuming equilibrium flight conditions for different state variables of aircraft. By using assumptions of Small Disturbance theory in non-linear Y-force equation, finally reached at linearized lateral rigid body equation of motion; which says that in linearized Y-force equation, the lateral acceleration is dependent on the other different aerodynamic and propulsive forces like vertical tail, change in roll rate (Δp) from equilibrium, change in yaw rate (Δr) from equilibrium, change in lateral velocity due to side force, drag and side force components due to side slip, and the lateral equation from coupled rotating frame to decoupled rotating frame. This paper describes implementation of this lateral linearized equation for aircraft control systems. Another significant parameter considered on which y-force equation depends is ‘c’ which shows that any change bought in the weight of aircrafts wing will cause Δφ and cause lateral force i.e. Y_c. This simplification also leads to lateral static and dynamic stability. The linearization of equations is required because much of mathematics control system design for aircraft is based on linear equations. This technique is simple and eases the linearization of the rigid body equations of motion without using any high-speed computers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y-force%20linearization" title="Y-force linearization">Y-force linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20disturbance%20theory" title=" small disturbance theory"> small disturbance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20slip" title=" side slip"> side slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20force%20drag" title=" aerodynamic force drag"> aerodynamic force drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20rigid%20body%20equation%20of%20motion" title=" lateral rigid body equation of motion"> lateral rigid body equation of motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68600/linearization-of-y-force-equation-of-rigid-body-equation-of-motion-and-behavior-of-fighter-aircraft-under-imbalance-weight-on-wings-during-combat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drawbar%20force&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drawbar%20force&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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