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7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/turtsiia-e46b44/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lvGvZhXtWjf7wAgX_Lowbg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div 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content="Турция"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Турецкая Республика, Страны зарубежной Азии, Страны зарубежной Европы"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-[105px]"><nav class="bre-article-loc -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="bre-article-loc-button"><span class="bre-article-loc-title">Содержание</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Турция</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/sovereign_countries" class="bre-label _link">Суверенные государства</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Суверенные государства</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Турция</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Турция. Государственный флаг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Турция. Государственный флаг."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lvGvZhXtWjf7wAgX_Lowbg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Турция. Государственный флаг" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lvGvZhXtWjf7wAgX_Lowbg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=GsuWM-Xo0vJ8kMnJ-jqPsg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=natvKnKAXdd0H8gM5RvL6w&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Kd9lWNTAKOxyV1IKNhPKIg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dmu-4tv_SNi4oYOVB0iIaA&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=3EBoy21h4y9MNsV8lyl-og&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hOZ1ETBnnBFPvryXD6NwzQ&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=F5u5Q9fklE2WLm_Ua5UvEA&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kek2EXesUbEeLBMesvM49A&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Турция. Государственный флаг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Страноведение. Турция</dd><dt>Современное государство:</dt><dd>Турция</dd><dt>Материк (часть света):</dt><dd>Азия, Европа</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Турецкая Республика</dd><dt>Участие в международных организациях:</dt><dd>G-20, МВФ, НАТО, ОБСЕ, ООН, Организация Исламского сотрудничества, Организация черноморского экономического сотрудничества, ОЭСР (Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития)</dd><dt>Площадь территории:</dt><dd>780 тыс. км²</dd><dt>Общая протяженность береговой линии:</dt><dd>7200 км</dd><dt>Общая протяженность сухопутных границ:</dt><dd>2816 км</dd><dt>Численность населения:</dt><dd>83,6 млн чел.</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/sovereign_countries" class="bre-label _link">Суверенные государства</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Суверенные государства</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Турция</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Ту́рция</b> (Türkiye),<i> </i>Туре́цкая Респу́блика (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti).</p><div title="Турция. Государственный гимн."><div class="bre-audio-player _note-exclude"><div itemscope itemprop="audio" itemtype="https://schema.org/AudioObject" class="grid-area-footer"><meta itemprop="isFamilyFriendly" content="true"><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M24S"><div><meta itemprop="name" content="Турция. Государственный гимн"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации"><meta itemprop="description" content="Турция. Государственный гимн."><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://www.mid.ru/en/maps/tr/"></div><div><link itemprop="thumbnail" href=""><link itemprop="thumbnailUrl" href=""><link itemprop="embedUrl" href="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/e37bef831631adf2e24e762b98d3a5d5.mp3#t=0"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/e37bef831631adf2e24e762b98d3a5d5.mp3#t=0"><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2022-04-04T10:57:12Z"><meta itemprop="bitrate" content="94463"></div></div><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации"><link itemprop="copyrightHolder" href="https://www.mid.ru/en/maps/tr/"><audio><source src="https://m.bigenc.ru/vault/e37bef831631adf2e24e762b98d3a5d5.mp3#t=0" type="" itemprop="url"></audio><div class="bre-audio-player__poster _default" style=""></div><div class="bre-audio-player__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-2 tw-cursor-default">Турция. Государственный гимн.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Турция. Государственный гимн.</span></span></span></div><button class="bre-audio-player__play _play"></button><div class="bre-audio-player__progress"><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-line"><div class="bre-scrubber-control bre-scrubber-control__mask" style="background-color:#dfdfdf;"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__inner"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:#dfdfdf;"></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:#3380ef;"></div></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress-point" style="left:0px;background-color:#3380ef;"></div></div><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time_box"><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time-base">00:00</div><div class="bre-audio-player-progress-time-base"><span>1:24</span></div></div></div></div><div class="bre-audio-player_footer"><div class="bre-audio-player__author"><div class="bre-media-reference"><span data-v-tippy><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.mid.ru/en/maps/tr/" class="bre-media-reference__copyright-link"><span class="tw-line-clamp-1 hover:tw-underline">Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.mid.ru/en/maps/tr/" class="bre-media-reference__link">Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации</a></span></span></div></div><div class="tw-inline-flex"><div class="bre-sound-control _audio" max="1"><button class="bre-sound-control__dynamic"><span class="nuxt-icon volume-icon tw-text-2xl"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M15 6.3706C15 4.65827 12.9884 3.73774 11.6926 4.85712L8.36317 7.73321C7.99988 8.04704 7.53583 8.21972 7.05576 8.21973L5.49998 8.21974C4.11928 8.21975 3 9.33903 3 10.7197V14.0127C3 15.3934 4.11929 16.5127 5.5 16.5127H7.0558C7.53587 16.5127 7.99993 16.6854 8.36322 16.9992L11.6926 19.8753C12.9884 20.9947 15 20.0741 15 18.3618V12.3662V6.3706Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" /> <path d="M18 15.3667C18.6279 14.531 19 13.4923 19 12.3667C19 11.2411 18.6279 10.2024 18 9.3667" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" /> <path d="M20 18.3667C21.2558 16.6954 22 14.6179 22 12.3667C22 10.1155 21.2558 8.03802 20 6.3667" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" /> </svg> </span></button><div class="bre-sound-control__volume"><div class="bre-scrubber-control" style="background-color:#e7f3ff;"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__inner"><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(-100%);background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);"></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress" style="transform:translateX(0%);background-color:#3380EF;"></div></div><div class="bre-scrubber-control__progress-point" style="left:0px;background-color:#3380EF;"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><h2 id="h2_oбschie_svedeniya">Общие сведения</h2><p>Государство, расположенное на западе Азии и на юго-востоке Европы. Около 97 % территории Турции находится на п-ове <a href="/c/malaia-aziia-c5669b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Малая Азия</a> и около 3 % – на <a href="/c/balkanskii-poluostrov-4ccca8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Балканском полуострове</a>. На западе граничит с Болгарией (протяжённость границы составляет 223 км) и Грецией (192 км), на юге – с Сирией (899 км), на юго-востоке – с Ираком (367 км), на востоке – с Ираном (534 км), Азербайджаном (с Нахичеванской Автономной Республикой, 17 км), Арменией (311 км), на северо-востоке – с Грузией (273 км). Общая протяжённость сухопутных границ 2816 км. Омывается морями: на севере – <a href="/c/chiornoe-more-f04e1a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чёрным</a>, на западе – <a href="/c/mramornoe-more-cba0d7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мраморным</a> и <a href="/c/egeiskoe-more-38c726" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эгейским</a>, на юге – <a href="/c/sredizemnoe-more-516bf4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Средиземным</a>, а также водами проливов <a href="/c/bosfor-ec4eab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Босфор</a> и <a href="/c/dardanelly-470ac4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Дарданеллы</a> (известным также под названием Чанаккале). Длина береговой линии около 7200 км.</p><div><div class="bre-slider _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Collection https://schema.org/ItemList" itemprop="hasPart"><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude _gallery" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Турция на карте зарубежной Азии"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Турция. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Iy0GmsP6XgrSzg0sK2gNHw&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Турция на карте зарубежной Азии" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Iy0GmsP6XgrSzg0sK2gNHw&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rA2wz_Lix_zJd-DyqPkxzg&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=04mNC2WpLfGY7NCWI0FNew&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=i9osXBKmwZh13J1hdjBJjg&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=BVcLvRDPHu8ZmJy2-pPISw&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OYy1QYDBhQoyjQS_DpVpcQ&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=_Tz2hOaOM4BQu8nC4OPJTQ&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=B0cA8aGx65ByMfHRpOrCkA&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OBZWaOHjEjktDMrbO9zRcA&filename=vault/0f4ad0e6141c6dcbd58d51c3a944fb54.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Турция на карте зарубежной Азии" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Турция. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Турция. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="-show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _left"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div><div class="bre-arrow bre-image-arrow _right"><span class="nuxt-icon tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-3"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M19.2071 9.20906C19.5976 8.81854 19.5976 8.18537 19.2071 7.79485C18.8166 7.40432 18.1834 7.40432 17.7929 7.79485L19.2071 9.20906ZM11.5 15.502L10.7929 16.2091C11.1834 16.5996 11.8166 16.5996 12.2071 16.2091L11.5 15.502ZM5.20711 7.79485C4.81658 7.40432 4.18342 7.40432 3.79289 7.79485C3.40237 8.18537 3.40237 8.81854 3.79289 9.20906L5.20711 7.79485ZM17.7929 7.79485L10.7929 14.7948L12.2071 16.2091L19.2071 9.20906L17.7929 7.79485ZM12.2071 14.7948L5.20711 7.79485L3.79289 9.20906L10.7929 16.2091L12.2071 14.7948Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span></div></span></span><div class="bre-slider-dots"><button class="bre-slider-dot _current"></button><button class="bre-slider-dot"></button></div><div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="itemListElement"><meta itemprop="name" content="Турция. Государственный герб"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Турция. Государственный герб."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content=""><link itemprop="contentUrl" href="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=6t-JlnHpMHJakp9VgNvMxw&filename=vault/3610ab785e5d85659f4b64348829f137.webp&width=120"></div></div></div><p>Площадь страны 780,0 тыс. км<sup>2</sup>, в том числе в Азии 756,6 тыс. км<sup>2</sup>, в Европе 23,4 тыс. км<sup>2</sup> (2020). Население составляет около 83,6 млн человек (2020; 74,7 млн человек в 2011). По численности населения страна входит в первую двадцатку государств мира и сравнима с Ираном и Германией. Столица – <a href="/c/ankara-6ff4ae" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Анкара</a>. Официальный язык – <a href="/c/turetskii-iazyk-27eafe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">турецкий</a>. Согласно ст. 42 Конституции Турецкой Республики, «никакой язык, кроме турецкого, не должен преподаваться в качестве родного языка турецким гражданам в любых образовательных учебных учреждениях». Денежная единица – <a href="/c/turetskaia-lira-aae4be" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">турецкая лира</a> (с 1 января 2009), равная 100 курушам.</p><p><span class="bre-media-image _note-exclude" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Общегеографическая карта Турции"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Турция. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wUO3cne1M-Qa2KBtd6cp8Q&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Общегеографическая карта Турции" data-nuxt-img sizes="1024px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=wUO3cne1M-Qa2KBtd6cp8Q&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=DPrIzAd9CIUJwm0VP6MDsw&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=OVCIgo28_N3HceFKkGOLig&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=XiNoiKhTUWYVV8jVWh5zXA&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=eKt7gU2sBYAr27iUXJ6TRQ&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=17qY-ZFQMj_op7nO6HpbDA&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kwAyvLkH0qAcVceJa2mocA&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=SJekVy-i22bL1NlWcEdz6w&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=rQD73M-hohEIfSgMM8VqGg&filename=vault/8aea6d94907f22906fa76d59a66a85fa.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Общегеографическая карта Турции" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span><span class="bre-media-caption"><span class="bre-media-caption-content"><span class="bre-media-caption__text"><span data-v-tippy><span class="tw-line-clamp-3">Турция. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Турция. Общегеографическая карта. Границы показаны по состоянию на 1 октября 2022 г.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>В административном отношении страна разделена на 81 иль (провинцию), которые подразделяются на 973 ильче (района). До середины 1920-х гг. для обозначения единицы административно-территориального деления Турции (иля) использовался термин «<a href="/c/vilaiet-2bc6f3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">вилайет</a>».</p><p data-textalign="center"><i>Административно-территориальное деление Турции (2020)</i></p><div class="tw-my-6"><div class="table-wrap-title" itemprop="about"><p></p></div><div class="table-wrap" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Table" itemprop="hasPart"><div class="table-scroller"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Иль</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Площадь (тыс. км<sup>2</sup>)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Население (тыс. человек)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Административный центр</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Агры</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">11,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">535,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Агры (Каракёсе)</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Адана</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">13,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2258,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/adana-37787e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Адана</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Адыяман</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">632,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Адыяман</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Айдын</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1119,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Айдын</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Аксарай</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">423,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Аксарай</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Амасья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">335,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Амасья</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Анкара</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">25,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5663,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Анкара</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Анталья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">20,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2548,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/antal-ia-c6afb3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Анталья</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ардахан</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">96,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ардахан</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Артвин</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">169,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Артвин</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Афьонкарахисар</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">14,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">736,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Афьонкарахисар</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Байбурт</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">81,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Байбурт</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Балыкесир</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">14,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1240,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/balykesir-22ee60" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Балыкесир</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бартын</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">199,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бартын</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Батман</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">620,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/batman-fbb95d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Батман</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Биледжик</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">218,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Биледжик</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бингёль</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">281,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бингёль</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Битлис</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">351,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Битлис</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Болу</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">314,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Болу</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бурдур</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">267,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бурдур</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Бурса</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">10,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3101,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/bursa-697507" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Бурса</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ван</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">20,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1149,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ван</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Газиантеп</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2101,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/gaziantep-430110" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Газиантеп</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Гиресун</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">448,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Гиресун</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Гюмюшхане</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">141,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Гюмюшхане</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Денизли</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">12,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1040,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/denizli-e7c480" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Денизли</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Диярбакыр</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">15,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1783,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/diiarbakyr-9f58ce" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Диярбакыр</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Дюздже</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">395,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Дюздже</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Зонгулдак</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">591,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Зонгулдак</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Измир</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">12,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4394,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/izmir-004e49" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Измир</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Йозгат</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">13,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">419,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Йозгат</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кайсери</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">17,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1421,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kaiseri-cb755e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кайсери</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Карабюк</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">243,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Карабюк</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Караман</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">254,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Караман</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Карс</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">10,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">284,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kars-4df05d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Карс</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кастамону</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">13,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">376,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кастамону</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кахраманмараш</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">14,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1168,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kakhramanmarash-469775" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кахраманмараш</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Килис</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">142,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Килис</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Коджаэли</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1997,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/izmit-b85118" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Измит</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Конья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">40,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2250,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kon-ia-582571" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Конья</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кыркларели</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">361,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кыркларели</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кыршехир</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">243,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кыршехир</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кырыккале</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">278,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kyrykkale-760612" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кырыккале</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Кютахья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">11,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">576,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/kiutakh-ia-069878" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кютахья</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Малатья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">12,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">806,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/malat-ia-ea4d63" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Малатья</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Маниса</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">13,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1450,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/manisa-5186d6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Маниса</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мардин</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">854,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мардин</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мерсин</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">16,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1868,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мерсин</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мугла</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">12,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1000,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Мугла</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Муш</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">411,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Муш</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Невшехир</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">305,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Невшехир</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Нигде</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">362,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Нигде</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Орду</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">761,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Орду</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Османие</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">548,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Османие</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ризе</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">344,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ризе</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Сакарья</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1042,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/adapazary-7bb62c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Адапазары</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Самсун</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">9,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1356,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/samsun-ac36a3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Самсун</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Сивас</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">28,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">635,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Сивас</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Сиирт</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">331,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Сиирт</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Синоп</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">216,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/sinop-753557" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Синоп</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Стамбул</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">15462,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/stambul-59c0a0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Стамбул</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Текирдаг</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1081,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Текирдаг</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Токат</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">10,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">597,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Токат</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Трабзон</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">4,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">811,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/trabzon-b1782c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Трабзон</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Тунджели</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">83,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Тунджели</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ушак</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,6</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">369,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ушак</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Хаккяри</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">280,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Хаккяри</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Хатай</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">5,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">1659,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Антакья</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Чанаккале</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">9,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">541,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/chanakkale-a969c6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чанаккале</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Чанкыры</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,5</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">192,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Чанкыры</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Чорум</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">12,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">530,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/chorum-9cbc30" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чорум</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Шанлыурфа</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">19,2</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">2115,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Шанлыурфа (Урфа)</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ширнак (Шырнак)</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">7,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">537,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ширнак (Шырнак)</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ыгдыр</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">3,7</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">201,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ыгдыр</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ыспарта</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">8,9</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">440,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ыспарта</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Эдирне</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">6,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">407,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/edirne-1e0ffe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эдирне</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Элязыг</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">9,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">588,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/eliazyg-eca58d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Элязыг</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Эрзинджан</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">11,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">234,4</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Эрзинджан</p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Эрзурум</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">25,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">758,3</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/erzurum-b8a604" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эрзурум</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Эскишехир</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">14,0</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">888,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center"><a href="/c/eskishekhir-f838cb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эскишехир</a></p></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ялова</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">0,8</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">276,1</p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p data-textalign="center">Ялова</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="table-wrap-summary" itemprop="description"><p></p></div></div><p>Для статистических целей на Первом географическом конгрессе Турции (1941) было выделено 7 регионов страны: Мраморноморский, Эгейский, Средиземноморский, Черноморский, Центральная Анатолия, Восточная Анатолия, Юго-Восточная Анатолия. Данные регионы не являются единицами административно-территориального деления государства, и их границы не совпадают с границами илей.</p><p>Будучи кандидатом в члены <a href="/c/evropeiskii-soiuz-d7afc1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Европейского союза</a>, по договору между властями Турции и Европейской статистической службой (Евростат) страна была разделена на 12 регионов, относящихся к европейской номенклатуре территориальных статистических единиц: Стамбульский (TR1), Западномраморноморский (TR2), Эгейский (TR3), Восточномраморноморский (TR4), Западноанатолийский (TR5), Средиземноморский (TR6), Центральноанатолийский (TR7), Западночерноморский (TR8), Восточночерноморский (TR9), Северо-Восточноанатолийский (TRA), Центрально-Восточноанатолийский (TRB), Юго-Восточноанатолийский (TRC).</p><p>Турция – член <a href="/c/organizatsiia-ob-edinionnykh-natsii-668aab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ООН</a>, <a href="/c/organizatsiia-severoatlanticheskogo-dogovora-7e3d1a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">НАТО</a>, <a href="/c/mezhdunarodnyi-valiutnyi-fond-b80bd5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Международного валютного фонда</a>, <a href="/c/gruppa-vsemirnogo-banka-b4aacd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Всемирного банка</a>, <a href="/c/organizatsiia-islamskogo-sotrudnichestva-001381" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Организации исламского сотрудничества</a>, <a href="/c/organizatsiia-ekonomicheskogo-sotrudnichestva-i-razvitiia-57379d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ОЭСР</a>, <a href="/c/organizatsiia-po-bezopasnosti-i-sotrudnichestvu-v-evrope-c5e484" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">ОБСЕ</a>, <a href="/c/organizatsiia-chernomorskogo-ekonomicheskogo-sotrudnichestva-0891c5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Организации черноморского экономического сотрудничества</a>, <a href="/c/gruppa-dvadtsati-4eea85" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Группы двадцати</a>, Организации тюркских государств и др.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/f-brazhalovich-0daa18" class=""><span itemprop="name">Бражалович Фёдор Леонидович</span></a></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_gosudarstvennыi_stroi">Государственный строй</h2><h3 id="h3_organы_vlasti">Органы власти</h3><p>По форме государственного устройства Турция (Турецкая Республика) является <a href="/c/unitarnoe-gosudarstvo-69b0cd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">унитарным государством</a>, разделённым на провинции (или), которые, в свою очередь, подразделяются на административные районы (ильче). Организация и функции управления <a href="/c/gosudarstvo-1bb82a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">государством</a> основаны на принципах централизации и децентрализации.</p><p>Суверенитет полностью принадлежит турецкой нации и реализуется через уполномоченные органы в соответствии с конституционными принципами. Турецкая Республика является <a href="/c/demokraticheskoe-gosudarstvo-78155c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">демократическим</a>, <a href="/c/svetskoe-gosudarstvo-7c07d1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">светским</a> и <a href="/c/sotsial-noe-gosudarstvo-967b95" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">социальным</a> государством, которое стремится к устранению политических, экономических и социальных препятствий, ограничивающих основные права и свободы.</p><p>Высшим <a href="/c/normativnyi-pravovoi-akt-25518d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">нормативным правовым актом</a> Турции является <a href="/c/konstitutsiia-turetskoi-respubliki-68e55e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Конституция Турецкой Республики</a>, обладающая высшей юридической силой. Принята на всенародном референдуме 7 ноября 1982 г. и действует в настоящее время в редакции 2017 г.</p><p>С целью эффективного управления на референдуме 16 апреля 2017 г. был принят пакет конституционных поправок, предусматривающий 18 новелл, в том числе: установление <a href="/c/prezidentskoe-pravlenie-6a77f7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">президентской формы правления</a> вместо смешанной, расширение полномочий <a href="/c/prezident-45abb6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">президента</a> и передачу ему <a href="/c/ispolnitel-naia-vlast-053810" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">исполнительной власти</a>, отмену должности премьер-министра и назначение президентом вице-президентов, министров, а также части членов коллегии судей и прокуроров, утверждение им структуры и порядка деятельности министерств и пр. По форме правления Турция становится президентской республикой.</p><p>Государственная власть осуществляется на основе разделения на <a href="/c/zakonodatel-naia-vlast-6123bf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законодательную</a>, исполнительную и <a href="/c/sudebnaia-vlast-821d77" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">судебную</a>.</p><p><a href="/c/glava-gosudarstva-043836" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Главой государства</a> и исполнительной власти<i> </i>является президент республики, избираемый всенародным голосованием сроком на 5 лет с возможностью переизбрания на 2-й срок.</p><p>Президентом страны может быть избран гражданин Турции старше 40 лет, имеющий полное высшее образование и обладающий правом быть <a href="/c/deputat-bd6aec" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">депутатом</a>. Кандидат на пост президента выдвигается <a href="/c/politicheskaia-partiia-480baf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">политическими партиями</a>, которые получили более 5 % действительных голосов в сумме (по отдельности) или совместно на последних <a href="/c/parlamentskie-vybory-3466f6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">парламентских выборах</a> или по крайней мере получили 100 тыс. голосов <a href="/c/izbiratel-528c81" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">избирателей</a>. Кандидат, получивший абсолютное большинство голосов, избирается президентом. Если большинство голосов не получено в первом туре, то проводится второй тур голосования. Избрание депутата президентом влечёт прекращение его членства в <a href="/c/parlament-a08543" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">парламенте</a>.</p><p>К полномочиям главы государства относятся: определение политики национальной безопасности; обнародование <a href="/c/zakon-23ecdb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законов</a>, принятых парламентом; издание подзаконных нормативных правовых актов, а также указов со статусом законов; инициирование проведения <a href="/c/referendum-1da7ea" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">референдумов</a>; направление на обсуждение в парламент проекта государственного бюджета; назначение и освобождение от должности вице-президента (-ов), министров и иных высокопоставленных государственных чиновников; ратификация и обнародование <a href="/c/mezhdunarodnyi-dogovor-63e9ee" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">международных договоров</a>; аккредитация представителей республики в иностранных государствах и принятие представителей иностранных государств; направление в <a href="/c/konstitutsionnyi-sud-e4b667" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Конституционный суд</a> исков о неконституционности законов; объявление и отмена чрезвычайного положения; реализация полномочий в организации обороны страны (в том числе назначение начальника Генерального штаба, являющегося командующим <a href="/c/vooruzhionnye-sily-2f6651" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">вооружёнными силами</a> и во время войны исполняющего обязанности главнокомандующего от имени президента республики); осуществление иных полномочий, предусмотренных Конституцией и законами.</p><p>Поскольку должность премьер-министра отсутствует<i> </i>и<i> </i>исполнительная власть принадлежит главе государства, она делегируется профильным министерствам, составляющим Кабинет министров.</p><p>В целях обеспечения <a href="/c/zakonnost-41a115" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законности</a> при президенте создаётся Государственный наблюдательный совет, осуществляющий проверки всех <a href="/c/gosudarstvennyi-organ-6f4ef5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">государственных органов</a> и организаций, в уставном капитале которых доля участия государства превышает 50 %. Также под председательством президента проходят заседания Совета национальной безопасности, состоящего из вице-президентов республики, министров юстиции, национальной обороны, внутренних и иностранных дел, начальника Генерального штаба, командующих сухопутными, военно-морскими и военно-воздушными силами.</p><p>Законодательная власть принадлежит <a href="/c/odnopalatnyi-parlament-38e954" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">однопалатному парламенту</a><i> </i>(Великому национальному собранию Турции). Парламент состоит из 600 депутатов, избранных на основе всеобщего <a href="/c/izbiratel-noe-pravo-bed48c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">избирательного права</a> сроком на 5 лет с возможностью повторного избрания. <a href="/c/parlamentskie-vybory-3466f6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Парламентские выборы</a> проводятся в один день с президентскими (раз в 5 лет).</p><p>Для выборов депутатов<i> </i>возрастной ценз составляет 18 лет. Критериями и условиями, не позволяющими претендовать на должность депутата, являются: наличие обязанности пройти службу в вооружённых силах; отсутствие начального образования; лишение <a href="/c/pravosposobnost-023682" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">правоспособности</a>; наличие обстоятельств, препятствующих поступлению на государственную службу; тюремное заключение сроком на год и более, за исключением лиц, совершивших преступление по неосторожности; осуждение за такие бесчестные преступления, как растрата, коррупция, взяточничество, кража, мошенничество, подделка документов, злоупотребление доверием, мошенническое банкротство, участие в террористических актах, подстрекательство и поощрение такой деятельности. Выборы проводятся под общим руководством и контролем судебных органов.</p><p>К полномочиям парламента относятся: внесение и рассмотрение <a href="/c/zakonoproekt-36d414" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законопроектов</a>; принятие, изменение и отмена законов; обсуждение и принятие проектов бюджета, утверждение их в окончательной редакции; принятие решения о выпуске <a href="/c/valiuta-6aef72" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">валюты</a>; объявление войны; принятие решений об амнистии и помиловании; инициирование разбирательств в отношении президента, в том числе объявление ему импичмента (при поддержке более ⅔ депутатов); контролирование через вице-президента деятельности министров и направление им письменных запросов; осуществление иных полномочий, предусмотренных нормами Конституции.</p><p>Принятие окончательных решений в вопросах <a href="/c/zakonodatel-stvo-cc4d7c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">законодательства</a> и осуществление других видов деятельности (в том числе проведение парламентских расследований) возлагается на Генеральную ассамблею парламента.</p><p>Судебная система<i> </i>Турции представлена независимыми и беспристрастными судами.</p><p>К высшим судам относятся:</p><ul><li><p>Конституционный суд, осуществляющий контроль за соответствием Конституции законов, указов президента, регламентов парламента;</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Кассационный суд – последняя инстанция по пересмотру приговоров и решений, вынесенных судами в рамках уголовного и гражданского судопроизводства;</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Государственный совет – последняя инстанция для рассмотрения принимаемых административными судами решений, связанных с государственным управлением.</p></li></ul><p>Суд юрисдикционных споров (юрисдикционных конфликтов) – инстанция, уполномоченная выносить решения по спорам между гражданскими и административными судами относительно их юрисдикции и вынесенных ими судебных решений.</p><p>Военные суды упразднены (кроме дисциплинарных судов). Исключением являются случаи их создания в условиях войны для расследования преступлений, совершаемых военнослужащими.</p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/e-spektor-875557" class=""><span itemprop="name">Спектор Екатерина Ильинична</span></a></span></section><section><h3 id="h3_politicheskie_partii">Политические партии</h3><p>Турция – президентская республика с многопартийной системой, действующей с 1945 г. Такие принципы, как создание, организация, функционирование, деятельность и надзор за политическими партиями, регулируются <a href="/b/siyasi-partiler-kanunu-abe199?page=1" itemprop="url">законом о политических партиях № 2820, принятым в 1983 г.</a> Как гласит п. 5 этого закона, каждый гражданин Турецкой Республики имеет право на создание <a href="/c/politicheskie-partii-turtsii-5e5903" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">политической партии</a> «без предварительного разрешения, в рамках Конституции и законов». При этом п. 6 запрещает состоять одновременно более чем в одной партии.</p><p>Количество активных партий в Турции меняется каждый год. Реестр действующих партий ведёт Министерство внутренних дел.</p><p>По состоянию на июнь 2023 г. в Турции действует 131 политическая партия.</p><p>Крупнейшие партии Турции (по состоянию на начало 2023): <a href="/c/partiia-spravedlivosti-i-razvitiia-turtsiia-c1a267" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Партия справедливости и развития</a> (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) (ПСР) <a href="/c/erdogan-redzhep-taiip-3da1a4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Р. Т. Эрдогана</a>, основанная в 2001 г. и насчитывающая более 11,2 млн членов; левоцентристская оппозиционная <a href="/c/respublikanskaia-narodnaia-partiia-279d61" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Республиканская народная партия</a> (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP) (РНП), основанная в 1923 г. <a href="/c/atatiurk-mustafa-kemal-4c3863" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">М. К. Ататюрком</a>,– более 1,3 млн членов; <a href="/c/partiia-natsional-nogo-deistviia-turtsiia-3b2f80" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Партия национального действия</a> (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) (ПНД), основанная в 1969 г., – более 460 тыс. членов; националистическая, консервативная, светская и центристская Хорошая партия (İyi Parti), основанная в 2017 г., в которой состоят более 600 тыс. членов.</p><p>Всеобщие выборы в Турции прошли 14 мая 2023 г., на них определились 600 новых членов Великого национального собрания (парламента) Турции 28-го созыва.</p><p>Правящей партией, сформировавшей правительство, стала ПСР, получившая 263 голоса и, с учётом Народного альянса (Cumhur İttifakı) с 60 голосами, в который вошли ПНД и ещё три небольшие партии, имеющая парламентское большинство. Оппозицию представляют Национальный альянс (Millet İttifakı), в который входят РНП, Хорошая партия и ещё четыре партии, и Альянс труда и свободы (Emek ve Özgürlük İttifakı), объединивший Левую партию зелёных (Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi) и ещё четыре мелкие партии.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция политических наук</span></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Достопримечательности</h2><h3 id="h3_prirodnыe_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Природные достопримечательности</h3><p>Природные достопримечательности Турции – пролив <a href="/c/bosfor-ec4eab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Босфор</a>, <a href="/c/mramornoe-more-cba0d7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мраморное море</a>, гора <a href="/c/ararat-4a45a1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Большой Арарат</a>, озеро <a href="/c/van-ozero-6f846f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ван</a>, лагуна Олюдениз (побережье Средиземного моря), гора Тахталы (Западный <a href="/c/tavr-2fade2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Тавр</a>), пещеры Далматаш (г. Аланья) и Зейтинташ (близ г. Белек), водопады на реке Дюден (близ г. Анталья) и др.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция географии</span></span></section><section><p>В списке объектов <a href="/c/vsemirnoe-nasledie-a94941" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Всемирного наследия</a> – национальный парк Гёреме (туфовые скалы с эрозионными останцами в виде столбов) и пещерные постройки <a href="/c/kappadokiia-bda7b4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Каппадокии</a> (церкви, монастырские сооружения, поселения); геотермальные источники <a href="/c/pamukkale-c175de" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Памуккале</a> с каскадом травертиновых террас, украшенных кальцитовыми <a href="/c/stalaktity-d59723" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сталактитами</a>, вместе с руинами древнего г. Иерополис.</p><p>Памятниками природы признаны: кальдера Немрут с пресноводным озером в ней (в иле Битлис на востоке Турции), базальтовые скалы со столбчатой отдельностью (в иле Синоп на севере страны), пещера Гилиндире, также известная как Айналыгёль, с натёчными образованиями и пещерным озером (в иле Мерсин на юге) и др. Геопарк Кула (близ г. <a href="/c/izmir-004e49" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Измир</a>) – природная достопримечательность с большим числом вулканических конусов, обширными лавовыми полями, туфовыми скалами.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция геологии и минеральных ресурсов</span></span></section><section><p>Система охраняемых природных территорий включает биосферные заповедники, национальные и природные парки, в том числе национальный парк Едигёллер в Черноморском регионе на севере Турции; семь озёр парка связаны между собой водотоками, богат растительный и животный мир, развита туристическая инфраструктура. В Турции 14 водно-болотных угодий международного значения, в том числе дельта реки Кызылырмак – крупнейший заболоченный участок (<a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6125/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-external="true" itemprop="url">Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary // UNESCO</a>). Солёное озеро Туз (п-ов Анатолия) охраняется вместе с прилегающей территорией; здесь гнездятся фламинго, белолобый гусь, степная пустельга.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция биологии и биологических ресурсов</span></span></section><section><h3 id="h3_kul'turnыe_dostoprimechatel'nosti">Культурные достопримечательности</h3><p>Среди древнейших археологических памятников на территории Турции, доступных для посещения, – многослойная пещерная стоянка <a href="/c/karain-ff9430" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Караин</a> (орудия эпохи <a href="/c/paleolit-9dc957" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">палеолита</a> представлены в экспозиции <a href="/c/muzei-anatoliiskikh-tsivilizatsii-64dc8d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Музея анатолийских цивилизаций</a> в Анкаре). На юго-востоке Турции расположены памятники наскального искусства периодов позднего палеолита и <a href="/c/epipaleolit-06cadd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эпипалеолита</a> (плато Тыршин и др.) и поселения периода докерамического <a href="/c/neolit-4f766c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">неолита</a> <a href="/c/giobekli-tepe-0c6c65" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гёбекли-Тепе</a> (входит в список Всемирного наследия), <a href="/c/chaioniu-tepesi-2eeb9a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чайоню-Тепеси</a> с остатками мегалитических построек и стелами с рельефными изображениями (т. н. стелы типа <a href="/c/nevali-chori-3044d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Невали-Чори</a>). К важнейшим памятникам неолита и <a href="/c/epokha-rannego-metalla-077bdc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эпохи раннего металла</a> относятся поселения <a href="/c/chatal-khiuiuk-30a8e6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Чатал-Хююк</a> с исследованными участками жилой и хозяйственной застройки, Арслантепе с т. н. царской гробницей, содержавшей оружие и украшения в традициях <a href="/c/prototsirkumpontiiskaia-metallurgicheskaia-provintsiia-a18e1f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Протоциркумпонтийской металлургической провинции</a>, а также описанная в <a href="/c/iliada-da8d26" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">«Илиаде»</a> <a href="/c/troia-324950" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Троя</a> (все три памятника включены в список Всемирного наследия).</p><p>На территории Турции находятся остатки столиц <a href="/c/alalakh-a19c03" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Алалаха</a>, <a href="/c/lidiia-istoricheskoe-gosudarstvo-0eb5ea" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Лидии</a> (<a href="/c/sardy-6e767c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Сарды</a>), <a href="/c/frigiia-365b17" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Фригии</a> (<a href="/c/gordion-5e9512" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гордион</a>), <a href="/c/khettskoe-tsarstvo-ef7168" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Хеттского царства</a> [<a href="/c/khattusa-084060" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Хаттусас</a> (включён в список Всемирного наследия), <a href="/c/kanish-cf3971" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Каниш</a> (<a href="/c/kiul-tepe-turtsiia-da08cc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кюль-Тепе</a>)]. На месте позднехеттской крепости Каратепе-Арсланташ после многолетних исследований (проводимых под руководством <a href="/c/chambel-khalet-bead45" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Х. Чамбель</a>) в 1958 г. был основан первый в Турции национальный заповедник и музей под открытым небом.</p><p>На морском побережье Турции располагаются остатки многих древних городов, выросших из <a href="/c/antichnye-kolonii-e0315f#h2_grecheskaya_i_rimskaya_kolonizatsiya" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_grecheskaya_i_rimskaya_kolonizatsiya" data-external="false">древнегреческих колоний</a>. В <a href="/c/efes-drevnii-gorod-58ccb4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эфесе</a> (включён в список Всемирного наследия) и <a href="/c/galikarnas-e2dc56" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Галикарнасе</a> находились причисленные в древности к <a href="/c/sem-chudes-sveta-d5207c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">семи чудесам света</a> <a href="/c/khram-artemidy-v-efese-2ec28c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">храм Артемиды</a> и <a href="/c/galikarnasskii-mavzolei-8a1b27" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Галикарнасский мавзолей</a>. Многочисленные постройки и объекты изобразительного искусства <a href="/c/antichnost-78fdd9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">античной</a> эпохи (в том числе <a href="/c/ellinizm-902206" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">эллинистического</a> времени) обнаружены во время исследований Аспендоса, <a href="/c/afrodisiia-0ac8a3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Афродисии</a>, <a href="/c/ksanf-gorod-13e0a8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ксанфа</a>, Иерополиса в <a href="/c/pamukkale-c175de" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Памуккале</a>, <a href="/c/pergam-9b2fd3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Пергама</a> (все включены в список Всемирного наследия), <a href="/c/antiokhiia-3195a8" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Антиохии</a>, Зевгмы (частично затоплена при запуске плотины Биреджик; обнаруженные при раскопках <a href="/c/mozaika-cfb925" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мозаики</a> стали основой одного из крупнейших в мире музеев древней мозаики, открытого в г. <a href="/c/gaziantep-430110" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Газиантеп</a> в 2011), <a href="/c/milet-82aafe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Милета</a>, <a href="/c/miry-likiiskie-b496e4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Мир Ликийских</a>, Патары, <a href="/c/priena-9f51e4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Приены</a>, Сагалассоса, <a href="/c/selevkiia-na-kalikadne-035d86" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Селевкии-на-Каликадне</a>, Смирне (ныне <a href="/c/izmir-004e49" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Измир</a>) и других древних городов, а также на горе <a href="/c/nemrud-dag-1884a5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Немруд-Даг</a> (входит в список Всемирного наследия). Возведённые в 5 в. н. э. крепостные стены <a href="/c/konstantinopol-ab885f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Константинополя</a> входят в объект Всемирного наследия «Исторические районы Стамбула».</p><p>К 4–5 вв. относится основание раннехристианских пещерных монастырей <a href="/c/alakhan-0e2c52" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Алахан</a>, Панагия Сумела (близ г. <a href="/c/trabzon-b1782c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Трабзон</a>), сооружение церквей в городах (например, церковь Святителя Николая в Мирах Ликийских).</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция археологии</span></span></section><section><p>Историческая часть Стамбула (Константинополя; она, как и перечисленные ниже сооружения, включена в список Всемирного наследия) – важнейший памятник <a href="/c/vizantiia-3204b8#h2_iskusstvo_i_arhitektura" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" navigation_value="h2_iskusstvo_i_arhitektura" data-external="false">византийской</a> и османской культуры (<a href="/c/sviataia-sofiia-konstantinopol-skaia-khram-a764cf" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Святая София Константинопольская</a>, <a href="/c/karie-dzhami-9cf790" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Карие-джами</a>, дворец <a href="/c/topkapy-c76a6c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Топкапы</a>, мечеть Сулеймание и др.).</p><p>К ключевым образцам искусства Византии относятся пещерные церкви (5–11 вв.) долины <a href="/c/gioreme-d7f827" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Гёреме</a> (иль Невшехир) в <a href="/c/kappadokiia-bda7b4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Каппадокии</a> с их разнообразными росписями. Средневековый г. <a href="/c/ani-srednevekovyi-gorod-aea3aa" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Ани</a> (сохранился в руинах; иль Карс) – свидетельство истории армянского зодчества. В разные эпохи город находился под властью <a href="/c/bagratidy-647cc9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Багратидов</a>, византийцев, <a href="/c/sel-dzhuki-9498e0" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сельджуков</a>, Грузинского царства.</p><p>Крепостные стены, обозначающие высокий политический и экономический статус г. <a href="/c/diiarbakyr-9f58ce" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Диярбакыр</a>, и расположенные у их подножия сады Хевсель в долине реки Тигр (иль Диярбакыр) – культурный ландшафт, несущий следы своего развития в византийскую, сельджукскую и османскую эпохи.</p><p>Большая мечеть и госпиталь в <a href="/c/divrigi-af2f16" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Дивриги</a> (1228–1229; иль Сивас) с тремя богато украшенными порталами – уникальный памятник сельджукского зодчества и исламской архитектуры в целом.</p><p>Исторический центр г. <a href="/c/bursa-697507" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Бурса</a> и прилегающая деревня Джумалыкызык (иль Бурса) демонстрируют структуру, характерную для городов и сельских поселений ранней Османской империи (14 в.). Город Сафранболу (иль Карабюк) в живописном ландшафте целостно сохранил традиционную застройку османского времени.</p><p>Большая купольная мечеть Селимие и её комплекс-куллие в <a href="/c/edirne-1e0ffe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Эдирне</a> (1569–1575) – одна из вершин классической османской архитектуры, важнейшее произведение зодчего <a href="/c/sinan-0327e6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Синана</a>.</p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция искусства и архитектуры</span></span></section><section><h2 id="h2_rekomenduemыe_stat'i">Рекомендуемые статьи</h2><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-priroda-ef7f4b" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Природа Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-naselenie-8b444c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Население Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-istoriia-a8e631" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">История Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-khoziaistvo-b3d3d5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Хозяйство Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-vooruzhionnye-sily-a2e751" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Вооружённые силы Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-sotsial-naia-sfera-9f0acd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Социальная сфера Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-sport-16ceed" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Спорт в Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/sredstva-massovoi-informatsii-turtsii-eb9cb2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Средства массовой информации в Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-literatura-11baa1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Литература Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-izobrazitel-noe-i-dekorativno-prikladnoe-iskusstvo-arkhitektura-1fd712" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Изобразительное и декоративно-прикладное искусство, архитектура Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-muzykal-naia-kul-tura-835d03" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Музыкальная культура Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-teatral-noe-iskusstvo-08cf7f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Театральное искусство Турции</a></p><p><a href="/c/turtsiia-kinematograf-b524fd" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">Кинематограф Турции</a></p><span class="author _note-exclude" itemprop="sourceOrganization"><span>Редакция зарубежных стран, регионов и городов</span></span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Ту́рция, государство, расположенное на западе Азии и на юго-востоке Европы. Площадь страны 780,0 тыс. км2 (2020). Численность населения составляет..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">30 июня 2023 г. в 12:05 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">30 июня 2023 г. в 12:05 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/strany-zarubezhnoi-azii-2f4dae" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Страны зарубежной Азии</a></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/strany-zarubezhnoi-evropy-834e84" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Страны зарубежной Европы</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><nav class="bre-article-loc lg:tw-sticky"><div class="bre-article-loc-button"><span class="bre-article-loc-title">Содержание</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="bre-article-loc-short">Общие сведения</div></div></nav><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Турция. Государственный флаг"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Турция. Государственный флаг."><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lvGvZhXtWjf7wAgX_Lowbg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Турция. Государственный флаг" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lvGvZhXtWjf7wAgX_Lowbg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=GsuWM-Xo0vJ8kMnJ-jqPsg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=natvKnKAXdd0H8gM5RvL6w&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=Kd9lWNTAKOxyV1IKNhPKIg&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=dmu-4tv_SNi4oYOVB0iIaA&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=3EBoy21h4y9MNsV8lyl-og&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=hOZ1ETBnnBFPvryXD6NwzQ&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=F5u5Q9fklE2WLm_Ua5UvEA&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=kek2EXesUbEeLBMesvM49A&filename=vault/059a1903c6bae3cb3c2622f74036d22d.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Турция. Государственный флаг" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Страноведение. Турция</dd><dt>Современное государство:</dt><dd>Турция</dd><dt>Материк (часть света):</dt><dd>Азия, Европа</dd><dt>Другие наименования:</dt><dd>Турецкая Республика</dd><dt>Участие в международных организациях:</dt><dd>G-20, МВФ, НАТО, ОБСЕ, ООН, Организация Исламского сотрудничества, Организация черноморского экономического сотрудничества, ОЭСР (Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития)</dd><dt>Площадь территории:</dt><dd>780 тыс. км²</dd><dt>Общая протяженность береговой линии:</dt><dd>7200 км</dd><dt>Общая протяженность сухопутных границ:</dt><dd>2816 км</dd><dt>Численность населения:</dt><dd>83,6 млн чел.</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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Все права защищены.</span></span></li><li class="-hide-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li><li class="-show-on-tablet _stretch-width -text-caption-1 text-decoration-underline tw-text-gray-2 tw-cursor-pointer bre-inline-menu__item"><span data-v-tippy>Условия использования информации.<span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Вся информация, размещенная на данном портале, предназначена только для использования в личных целях и не подлежит дальнейшему воспроизведению.<br />Медиаконтент (иллюстрации, фотографии, видео, аудиоматериалы, карты, скан образы) может быть использован только с разрешения правообладателей.</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></footer><span></span></div></div></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":3,"once":4,"_errors":5,"serverRendered":6,"path":7,"pinia":8},{},{"$sreferer":-1},["Set"],{},true,"/c/turtsiia-e46b44",{"preview":9,"auth-token":11,"search":14,"page-loading":19,"search-suggestions":20,"filters":23,"component-header":25,"collection":26,"article":27,"article-media-slider":4985,"modal":5024,"article-notes":5025,"article-loc":5026,"article-sidebar":5027,"author":5028,"article-metrics":5029,"collection-articles-favorite":5030,"article-collections":5031,"article-versions":5032,"error-form":5041,"text-selection":5042},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6},null,{"post_":10,"postError":10,"postPending":6,"savedRoutePath":10,"isAuthorized":12,"firstNameLetter":13,"fullName":13,"userId":13,"processingRefresh":12,"showAuthModal":10},false,"",{"searchQuery":13,"savedList":15,"limit":16,"offset":17,"loading":12,"isSearchOpened":12,"page":18},[],10,0,1,{"loading":12},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"headerSearchQuery":13,"pageSearchQuery":13,"selectedSuggestionIndex":21,"focusOn":22},-1,"header",{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"loading":12,"isExtendedSearchOpened":12,"chosenFilters":24},{},{"showCategories":12,"isFixed":12},{"get_":10,"getError":10,"getPending":6,"put_":-1,"putError":10,"putPending":6,"delete_":-1,"deleteError":10,"deletePending":6},{"get_":28,"getError":10,"getPending":12,"headers":4974,"timeline":4983,"isFullScreen":12,"getCache":4984},{"article":29,"components":4968},{"content":30,"createdAt":4944,"id":187,"lastVersionId":4945,"meta":4946,"sections":10,"slug":4959,"tags":4960,"updatedAt":4944},{"article":31,"biblioRecord":4887,"category":4888,"categorySlug":4889,"sidebar":4890,"title":4910},[32],{"content":33,"type":3300},[34,3301,3800,3919,3988,4055,4080,4563,4729],{"attrs":35,"content":37,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":3300},{"section_id":36},"4a9e9483-c88b-4d6f-a133-9f8d4a6cb5aa",[38,60,83,90,181,190,248,276,285,3184,3189,3204,3292],{"attrs":39,"content":40,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":59},{"textAlign":10},[41,49,51,57],{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":42,"text":47,"type":48},[43],{"attrs":44,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":46},{"version":45},"1","bold","Ту́рция","text",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":50,"type":48}," (Türkiye),",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":52,"text":56,"type":48},[53],{"attrs":54,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":55},{"version":45},"italic"," ",{"attrs":10,"content":10,"marks":10,"text":58,"type":48},"Туре́цкая Респу́блика (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti).","paragraph",{"attrs":61,"content":68,"marks":10,"text":13,"type":82},{"display":62,"ratio":13,"ref_id":63,"service":64,"style":65,"title":66,"width":67},"block","31ed0e74-3561-4aaa-99ab-4077e8918fb8","breaudio","width:100%","Турция. 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