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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gyrfa_gynnar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Gyrfa gynnar </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gyrfa_gynnar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Gyrfa gynnar </button> <ul id="toc-Gyrfa_gynnar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gwarchae_ar_Toulon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gwarchae_ar_Toulon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Gwarchae ar Toulon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gwarchae_ar_Toulon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alldaith_Eifftaidd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alldaith_Eifftaidd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Alldaith Eifftaidd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alldaith_Eifftaidd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rheolwr_Ffrainc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rheolwr_Ffrainc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Rheolwr Ffrainc </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rheolwr_Ffrainc-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Rheolwr Ffrainc </button> <ul id="toc-Rheolwr_Ffrainc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conswl_Ffrainc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conswl_Ffrainc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Conswl Ffrainc </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conswl_Ffrainc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llyfryddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Llyfryddiaeth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Llyfryddiaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Llyfryddiaeth </button> <ul id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth_bywgraffyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llyfryddiaeth_bywgraffyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Llyfryddiaeth bywgraffyddol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth_bywgraffyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ffynonellau_cynradd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffynonellau_cynradd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ffynonellau cynradd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ffynonellau_cynradd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanesyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanesyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Hanesyddol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanesyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astudiaethau_arbenigol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astudiaethau_arbenigol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Astudiaethau arbenigol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astudiaethau_arbenigol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gweler_hefyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gweler_hefyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Gweler hefyd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gweler_hefyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Cyfeiriadau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toglo'r tabl cynnwys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Napoleon I, ymerawdwr Ffrainc</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 210 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-210" aria-hidden="true" > 210 iaith </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Abchaseg" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A8on_Bonapart%C3%A9" title="Napolèon Bonaparté - Acehneg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Napolèon Bonaparté" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8C%E1%8B%8E%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%93%E1%8D%93%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ናፖሌዎን ቦናፓርት - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናፖሌዎን ቦናፓርት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_Bonaparte" title="Napoleón Bonaparte - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Napoleón Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_Francena_C%C4%81sere" title="Napoleon I Francena Cāsere - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Napoleon I Francena Cāsere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="نابليون بونابرت - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نابليون بونابرت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%90%DC%A6%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A2_%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%9B" title="ܢܐܦܠܝܘܢ ܒܘܢܐܦܪܛ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܐܦܠܝܘܢ ܒܘܢܐܦܪܛ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ناپوليون بوناپارت - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ناپوليون بوناپارت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="نابوليون بونابارت - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نابوليون بونابارت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="নেপোলিয়ন বোনাপাৰ্ট - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নেপোলিয়ন বোনাপাৰ্ট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_Bonaparte" title="Napoleón Bonaparte - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Napoleón Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Наполеон - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Наполеон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonapart" title="Napoleon Bonapart - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Napoleon Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ناپلئون بوناپارت - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناپلئون بوناپارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napaleuons" title="Napaleuons - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Napaleuons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Напалеон I Банапарт - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Напалеон I Банапарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Напалеон I Банапарт - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Напалеон I Банапарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="नेपोलियन - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नेपोलियन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" title="Napoléon Ier - Bambareg" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Napoléon Ier" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="নেপোলিয়ন বোনাপার্ট - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেপোলিয়ন বোনাপার্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Ia%C3%B1" title="Napoleon Iañ - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Napoleon Iañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3_Bonaparte" title="Napoleó Bonaparte - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Napoleó Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ناپۆلیۆن بۆناپارت - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناپۆلیۆن بۆناپارت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulione_Buonaparte" title="Napulione Buonaparte - Corseg" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Napulione Buonaparte" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон I Бонапарт - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Наполеон I Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_1._af_Frankrig" title="Napoleon 1. af Frankrig - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Napoleon 1. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napolyon_Bonapart" title="Napolyon Bonapart - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Napolyon Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ναπολέων Βοναπάρτης - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναπολέων Βοναπάρτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napul%C3%A8%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Napulèòṅ - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Napulèòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleono_Bonaparte" title="Napoleono Bonaparte - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Napoleono Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_Bonaparte" title="Napoleón Bonaparte - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Napoleón Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_I_de_Francia" title="Napoleón I de Francia - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Napoleón I de Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ناپلئون بناپارت - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناپلئون بناپارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" title="Napoléon Ier - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Napoléon Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_I%C3%A9r" title="Napoléon Iér - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Napoléon Iér" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ffriwleg" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Ffriwleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" title="拿破崙 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拿破崙" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_I%C3%A9" title="Napoléon Ié - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Napoléon Ié" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_I_de_Francia" title="Napoleón I de Francia - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Napoleón I de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n_Bonaparte" title="Napoleón Bonaparte - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Napoleón Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F" title="નેપોલિયન બોનાપાર્ટ - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નેપોલિયન બોનાપાર્ટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on" title="Napoléon - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Napoléon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_1-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Napoleon 1-sṳ - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Napoleon 1-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%94" title="נפוליאון בונפרטה - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפוליאון בונפרטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" title="Napoleon I of France - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Napoleon I of France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Nap%C3%B3leon_francia_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="I. Napóleon francia császár - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Napóleon francia császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Նապոլեոն Բոնապարտ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նապոլեոն Բոնապարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Ibaneg" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_la_1ma" title="Napoléon la 1ma - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Napoléon la 1ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap%C3%B3leon_B%C3%B3naparte" title="Napóleon Bónaparte - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Napóleon Bónaparte" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Napoleone Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8A%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ナポレオン・ボナパルト - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナポレオン・ボナパルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuolian_I_a_Frans" title="Napuolian I a Frans - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Napuolian I a Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.napole%27on." title=".napole'on. - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".napole'on." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნაპოლეონ ბონაპარტი - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნაპოლეონ ბონაპარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_Bonapart" title="Napoleon I Bonapart - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Napoleon I Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8D" title="ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍ - Chmereg" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ណាប៉ូលេអុងបូណាប៉ារត៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmereg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೆಪೋಲಿಯನ್ ಬೋನಪಾರ್ತ್ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೆಪೋಲಿಯನ್ ಬೋನಪಾರ್ತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%8F%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%B9_%EB%B3%B4%EB%82%98%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="나폴레옹 보나파르트 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나폴레옹 보나파르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Cwleneg" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Cwleneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Ia_a_Bow_Frynk" title="Napoleon Ia a Bow Frynk - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Napoleon Ia a Bow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Наполеон - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Наполеон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleo_I_(imperator_Francogallorum)" title="Napoleo I (imperator Francogallorum) - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Napoleo I (imperator Francogallorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="I Наполеон Бонапарт - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="I Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napooleon_Bonapat" title="Napooleon Bonapat - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Napooleon Bonapat" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_van_Frankriek" title="Napoleon I van Frankriek - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Napoleon I van Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napolion_Bonaparte" title="Napolion Bonaparte - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Napolion Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonapart" title="Napoleon Bonapart - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Napoleon Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5_1" title="ຈັກກະພັດນາໂປເລອົງທີ 1 - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈັກກະພັດນາໂປເລອົງທີ 1" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonas_Bonapartas" title="Napoleonas Bonapartas - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Napoleonas Bonapartas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napo%C4%BCeons_Bonaparts" title="Napoļeons Bonaparts - Latgaleg" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Napoļeons Bonaparts" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleons_Bonaparts" title="Napoleons Bonaparts - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Napoleons Bonaparts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_I" title="Napoléon I - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Napoléon I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="നെപ്പോളിയൻ ബോണപ്പാർട്ട് - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെപ്പോളിയൻ ബോണപ്പാർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Наполеон - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Наполеон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuljun_I_ta%27_Franza" title="Napuljun I ta' Franza - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Napuljun I ta' Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="နပိုလီယန် - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နပိုလီယန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="ناپلئون - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ناپلئون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Napoleone Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%94%DF%8F%DF%9F%DF%8C%DF%A6%DF%8F%DF%B2%DF%AB_%DF%9D%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%A1%DF%8A" title="ߣߊ߲ߔߏߟߌߦߏ߲߫ ߝߟߐߡߊ - N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߣߊ߲ߔߏߟߌߦߏ߲߫ ߝߟߐߡߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Nianja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nianja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F" title="ନେପୋଲିୟନ ବୋନାପାର୍ଟ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନେପୋଲିୟନ ବୋନାପାର୍ଟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਨਪੋਲੀਅਨ ਬੋਨਾਪਾਰਤ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਪੋਲੀਅਨ ਬੋਨਾਪਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" title="Napoléon Ier - Picardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Napoléon Ier" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bon-a-part" title="Napoleon Bon-a-part - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Napoleon Bon-a-part" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نیپولین - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیپولین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ناپليون بوناپارت - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناپليون بوناپارت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C3%A3o_Bonaparte" title="Napoleão Bonaparte - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Napoleão Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleun_Bonaparte" title="Napoleun Bonaparte - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Napoleun Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट - Sansgrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansgrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱱᱮᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱱᱟᱯᱟᱨᱴ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱮᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱱᱟᱯᱟᱨᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Napoleone Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuliuni_Bonaparti" title="Napuliuni Bonaparti - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Napuliuni Bonaparti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD" title="نئپولين بوناپارٽ - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نئپولين بوناپارٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon I Bonaparte - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Napoleon I Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၼပူဝ်းလီးယၼ်း - Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼပူဝ်းလီးယၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="නැපෝලියන් බොනපාට් - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නැපෝලියන් බොනපාට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoelon" title="Napoelon - Samöeg" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Napoelon" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samöeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparti" title="Napoleon Bonaparti - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Наполеон I Бонапарта - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наполеон I Бонапарта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I" title="Napoleon I - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Napoleon I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napole%C5%AFn_B%C5%AFnaparte" title="Napoleůn Bůnaparte - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Napoleůn Bůnaparte" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-pu-lun-sakacacay" title="Na-pu-lun-sakacacay - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Na-pu-lun-sakacacay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரான்சின் முதலாம் நெப்போலியன் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சின் முதலாம் நெப்போலியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నెపోలియన్ - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నెపోలియన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จักรพรรดินโปเลียนที่ 1 - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดินโปเลียนที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_ng_Pransiya" title="Napoleon I ng Pransiya - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Napoleon I ng Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napolyon_Bonapart" title="Napolyon Bonapart - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Napolyon Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Наполеон Бонапарт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_I" title="Наполеон I - Twfwnieg" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Наполеон I" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Twfwnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Наполеон - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Наполеон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EF%BB%A7%EF%BA%8E%EF%AD%98%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%9F%EF%AF%A7%EF%BA%8C%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%A5_%EF%BA%91%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%A7%EF%BA%8E%EF%AD%98%EF%BA%8E%EF%BA%AD%EF%BA%95" title="ﻧﺎﭘﻮﻟﯧﺌﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻧﺎﭘﺎﺭﺕ - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ﻧﺎﭘﻮﻟﯧﺌﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﻧﺎﭘﺎﺭﺕ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Наполеон - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наполеон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نپولین - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نپولین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_Bonapart" title="Napoleon I Bonapart - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Napoleon I Bonapart" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Napoléon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleong" title="Napoleong - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Napoleong" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleyon_Bonap%C3%A5re" title="Napoleyon Bonapåre - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Napoleyon Bonapåre" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91" title="拿破仑 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拿破仑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ნაპოლეონ ბონაპარტი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაპოლეონ ბონაპარტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A2" title="נאפאלעאן באנאפארטע - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאפאלעאן באנאפארטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Napoleon Bonaparte" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazbolunz" title="Nazbolunz - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nazbolunz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破仑一世 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拿破仑一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破崙一世 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拿破崙一世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_1-s%C3%A8" title="Napoléon 1-sè - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Napoléon 1-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" title="拿破崙 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拿破崙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c">Erthygl</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Cymraeg </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Blwch offer </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=history">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j">Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k">Newidiadau perthnasol</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q">Tudalennau arbennig</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&oldid=13151229" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon">Dolen barhaol</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon">Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Napoleon_I%2C_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&id=13151229&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon">Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNapoleon_I%2C_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc">Cael URL byr</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNapoleon_I%2C_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc">Lawrlwytho cod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Napoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc">Llunio llyfr</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Napoleon_I%2C_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=show-download-screen">Lawrlwytho fel PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p">Fersiwn argraffu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" hreflang="en">Comin Wikimedia</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q517" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g">Eitem Wicidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10960980">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mae "Napoleon" yn ailgyfeirio i'r erthygl hon. Am ddefnyddiau eraill, gweler <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_(gwahaniaethu)" class="mw-disambig" title="Napoleon (gwahaniaethu)">Napoleon (gwahaniaethu)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Napoleon I, ymerawdwr Ffrainc</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/220px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/330px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/440px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2722" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ganwyd</th><td>Napulione Buonaparte <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P1477" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> 15 Awst 1769 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P569" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P19" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Bu farw</th><td>5 Mai 1821 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P570" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> Longwood House <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P20" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Man preswyl</th><td class="label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ynys_Elba" title="Ynys Elba">Ynys Elba</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P551" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dinasyddiaeth</th><td class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P27" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Alma mater</th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style="">École Militaire <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P69" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Galwedigaeth</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gwleidydd" title="Gwleidydd">gwleidydd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwladweinydd" title="Gwladweinydd">gwladweinydd</a>, swyddog milwrol, casglwr celf, ymerawdwr, brenin neu frenhines, ymgyrchydd brwd, arweinydd milwrol, teyrn, swyddog y fyddin <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P106" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Swydd</th><td>Ymerawdwr y Ffrancwyr, Cyd-Dywysog Ffrainc, Ymerawdwr y Ffrancwyr, Prif Gonswl, <a href="/wiki/Brenhinoedd_yr_Eidal" title="Brenhinoedd yr Eidal">Brenhinoedd yr Eidal</a>, Cyd-Dywysog Ffrainc, pennaeth y wladwriaeth, <a href="/wiki/Arlywydd" title="Arlywydd">arlywydd</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P39" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Taldra</th><td>168 centimetr <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P2048" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tad</th><td>Carlo Bonaparte <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P22" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mam</th><td>Letizia Ramallo <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P25" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Priod</th><td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a>, Marie Louise, Duges Parma <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P26" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Partner</th><td>Marie Walewska, <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Four%C3%A8s" title="Pauline Fourès">Pauline Fourès</a>, Emilie Kraus von Wolfsberg, Elisabeth de Vaudey, Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne, Giuseppina Grassini, Albine de Montholon <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P451" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Plant</th><td><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a>, Charles Léon, Alexandre Colonna-Walewski, Eugen Megerle Von Mühlfeld, Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P40" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Perthnasau</th><td>Camillo Borghese, 6ed Tywysog Sulmona, Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Eugène de Beauharnais, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc" title="Napoleon III, ymerawdwr Ffrainc">Napoleon III, ymerawdwr Ffrainc</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P1038" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Llinach</th><td>Tylwyth Bonaparte <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P53" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gwobr/au</th><td>Marchog Urdd yr Eliffant, <a href="/wiki/Urdd_yr_Eryr_Gwyn" title="Urdd yr Eryr Gwyn">Urdd yr Eryr Gwyn</a>, Marchog Urdd y Cnu Aur, Urdd Sant Anna, Dosbarth 1af, Urdd Sant Andreas, Uwch Feistr y Lleng Anrhydedd, uwch groes Urdd Sant Joseff, Urdd y Goron Haearn (Awstria), Urdd Sant Steffan o Hwngari, Urdd Sant Hwbert, Urdd yr Eryr Du, uwch groes Urdd Imperialaidd Crist, Uwch Groes y Lleng Anrhydedd, Order of the Reunion, Urdd Ffrangeg y Palfau Academic, Royal Order of the Two-Sicilies, Order of Leopold, Order of Saint Joseph, Urdd yr Eryr Coch, Order of the Rue Crown, Urdd Teilyngdod Coron Bafaria, Order of Ludwig I, Order of the Crown, Urdd Ffyddlondeb, Urdd Brenhinol y Seraffim, Urdd Siarl III, Urdd Santiago, Order of the Lion and the Sun First class, Marchog Urdd Sant Alexander Nevsky, Order of the Crown of Westphalia, Royal Order of Spain, Order of the Three-Golden Fleeces, Order of the Union, Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517?uselang=cy#P166" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">llofnod</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Napoleon_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Napoleon_signature.svg/150px-Napoleon_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Napoleon_signature.svg/225px-Napoleon_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Napoleon_signature.svg/300px-Napoleon_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="270" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Roedd Napoleone Buonaparte (yn wreiddiol, yn <a href="/wiki/Eidaleg" title="Eidaleg">Eidaleg</a> a <a href="/wiki/Corseg" title="Corseg">Chorseg</a>) neu Napoléon Bonaparte yn <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg">Ffrangeg</a>), neu Napoleon I ar ôl 1804, (<a href="/wiki/15_Awst" title="15 Awst">15 Awst</a> <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a> – <a href="/wiki/5_Mai" title="5 Mai">5 Mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>) yn rheolwr <a href="/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc">Ffrainc</a> o <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>; daeth i gael ei gydnabod fel Ymerawdwr Cyntaf Ffrainc o dan yr enw Napoléon I le Grand (Napoleon I "y Mawr") o <a href="/wiki/18_Mai" title="18 Mai">18 Mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a> hyd <a href="/wiki/6_Ebrill" title="6 Ebrill">6 Ebrill</a> <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>, cyfnod pan reolai ran fawr o orllewin a chanolbarth <a href="/wiki/Ewrop" title="Ewrop">Ewrop</a> yn ogystal â Ffrainc. Apwyntiodd nifer o'i berthnasau, o'r teulu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaparte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonaparte (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bonaparte</a>, i reoli fel yn brenhinoedd mewn gwledydd eraill, ond daeth rheolaeth y mwyafrif ohonyn i ben pan gwympodd Napoleon o rym. Bu farw Napoleon ar ynys <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> yn ne <a href="/wiki/Cefnfor_Iwerydd" class="mw-redirect" title="Cefnfor Iwerydd">Cefnfor Iwerydd</a>. Rhoddir yr enw <a href="/wiki/Rhyfeloedd_Napoleon" title="Rhyfeloedd Napoleon">Rhyfeloedd Napoleon</a> i gyfres o ryfeloedd yn Ewrop rhwng 1804 a 1815. Ymladdwyd y rhyfeloedd rhwng Ffrainc dan Napoleon a nifer o wledydd, yn cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Prydain_Fawr" title="Prydain Fawr">Prydain Fawr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia">Rwsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awstria" title="Awstria">Awstria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prwsia" title="Prwsia">Prwsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sbaen" title="Sbaen">Sbaen</a> ac eraill a ffurfiwyd sawl cynghrair gwahanol yn erbyn Napoleon. Ganed Napoleon ar ynys <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> yn fuan ar ôl iddi gael ei chyfeddiannu gan <a href="/wiki/Teyrnas_Ffrainc" title="Teyrnas Ffrainc">Deyrnas Ffrainc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Cefnogodd y <a href="/wiki/Y_Chwyldro_Ffrengig" title="Y Chwyldro Ffrengig">Chwyldro Ffrengig</a> yn 1789 tra'n gwasanaethu yn y fyddin Ffrengig, a cheisiodd ledaenu ei delfrydau i Gorsica ei wlad enedigol. Cododd yn gyflym yn y Fyddin ar ôl iddo achub le Directoire trwy ymladd yn erbyn y gwrthryfelwyr brenhinol. Ym 1796, dechreuodd ymgyrch filwrol yn erbyn yr Awstriaid a'u cynghreiriaid Eidalaidd, gan sgorio buddugoliaethau pendant a dod yn arwr cenedlaethol. Ddwy flynedd yn ddiweddarach, arweiniodd ymgyrch <a href="/wiki/Ymgyrch_Napoleon_yn_yr_Aifft" title="Ymgyrch Napoleon yn yr Aifft">filwrol i'r Aifft</a> a'i sbardunodd i afael mewn gwleidyddiaeth. Ef oedd y tu ol i feddiannu grym yn Nhachwedd 1799 a daeth yn Gonswl Cyntaf y Weriniaeth. Roedd gwahaniaethau gyda Phrydain yn golygu bod y Ffrancwyr yn wynebu Rhyfel y Drydedd Glymblaid erbyn 1805. Chwalodd Napoleon y glymblaid hon gyda buddugoliaethau yn Ymgyrch Ulm, ac ym Mrwydr Austerlitz, a arweiniodd at ddiddymu'r <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_L%C3%A2n_Rufeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Lân Rufeinig">Ymerodraeth Rufeinig Sanctaidd</a>. Ym 1806, cymerodd y Bedwaredd Glymblaid arfau yn ei erbyn oherwydd bod <a href="/wiki/Prwsia" title="Prwsia">Prwsia</a> yn poeni am dwf yn nylanwad Ffrainc ar y cyfandir. Gorchfygodd Napoleon Prwsia ym mrwydrau Jena ac Auerstedt, gorymdeithiodd y Grande Armée i <a href="/wiki/Dwyrain_Ewrop" title="Dwyrain Ewrop">Ddwyrain Ewrop</a>, gorchfygodd y Rwsiaid ym Mehefin 1807 yn Friedland, a gorfodi cenhedloedd gorchfygedig y Bedwaredd Glymblaid i dderbyn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytundebau_Tilsit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytundebau Tilsit (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cytundebau Tilsit</a>. Ddwy flynedd yn ddiweddarach, heriodd yr Awstriaid y Ffrancwyr eto yn ystod Rhyfel y Bumed Glymblaid, ond cadarnhaodd Napoleon ei afael ar Ewrop ar ôl buddugoliaeth ym <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brwydr_Wagram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brwydr Wagram (dim tudalen ar gael)">Mrwydr Wagram</a>. Gan obeithio ymestyn y "System Gyfandirol", sef ei embargo yn erbyn Llywodraeth Prydain, ymosododd Napoleon ar <a href="/wiki/Penrhyn_Iberia" title="Penrhyn Iberia">Benrhyn Iberia</a> a datgan ei frawd Joseph yn Frenin Sbaen ym 1808. Gwrthryfelodd y Sbaenwyr a'r Portiwgaliaid yn <a href="/wiki/Rhyfel_Iberia" title="Rhyfel Iberia">Rhyfel y Penrhyn</a>, gan arwain at drechu marsialiaid Napoleon. Lansiodd Napoleon ymosodiad ar Rwsia yn ystod haf 1812. Gwelodd yr ymgyrch a ddilynodd enciliad trychinebus Grande Armée Napoleon .ac ym 1813, ymunodd Prwsia ac Awstria â lluoedd Rwsia yn y Chweched Clymblaid yn erbyn Ffrainc. Arweiniodd ymgyrch filwrol anhrefnus at fyddin glymblaid fawr a drechodd Napoleon ym <a href="/wiki/Brwydr_Leipzig" title="Brwydr Leipzig">Mrwydr Leipzig</a> yn Hydref 1813. Ymosododd y glymblaid ar Ffrainc a chipio Paris, gan orfodi Napoleon i ildio'i statws yn Ebrill 1814. Alltudiwyd ef i ynys <a href="/wiki/Ynys_Elba" title="Ynys Elba">Elba</a>, rhwng Corsica a'r Eidal. Yn Ffrainc, adferwyd y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llinach_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llinach Bourbon (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bourbons</a> i rym. Fodd bynnag, dihangodd Napoleon o Elba yn Chwefror 1815 a chymerodd reolaeth o Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Ymatebodd y Cynghreiriaid trwy ffurfio Seithfed Clymblaid, a orchfygodd Napoleon ym <a href="/wiki/Brwydr_Waterloo" title="Brwydr Waterloo">Mrwydr Waterloo</a> ym Mehefin 1815. Alltudiwyd ef gan y Prydeinwyr i ynys anghysbell <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> yn yr <a href="/wiki/Cefnfor_yr_Iwerydd" title="Cefnfor yr Iwerydd">Iwerydd</a>, lle bu farw yn 1821 yn 51 oed. Cafodd Napoleon ddylanwad enfawr ar y byd modern, gan ddod â diwygiadau rhyddfrydol i'r llu o wledydd a orchfygodd, yn enwedig y <a href="/wiki/Y_Gwledydd_Isel" title="Y Gwledydd Isel">Gwledydd Isel</a>, y Swistir, a rhannau o'r Eidal modern a'r Almaen. Gweithredodd bolisïau rhyddfrydol yn Ffrainc a Gorllewin Ewrop. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cysylltiad_â_Chymru">Cysylltiad â Chymru</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Cysylltiad â Chymru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Cysylltiad â Chymru">golygu cod</a>]</div> Yn <a href="/wiki/1828" title="1828">1828</a> llongddryllwyd y llong La Jeune Emma ar draeth <a href="/wiki/Cefn_Sidan" title="Cefn Sidan">Cefn Sidan</a>, ger <a href="/wiki/Llanelli" title="Llanelli">Llanelli</a> a boddwyd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adeline_Coquine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adeline Coquine (dim tudalen ar gael)">Adeline Coquine</a>, nith 12 oed <a href="/wiki/Josephine_de_Beauharnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephine de Beauharnais">Josephine de Beauharnais</a>, cyn-wraig <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. Claddwyd hi ym mynwent <a href="/wiki/Pen-bre" title="Pen-bre">Pen-bre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bywyd_cynnar">Bywyd cynnar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Bywyd cynnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bywyd cynnar">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Half-length portrait of a wigged middle-aged man with a well-to-do jacket. His left hand is tucked inside his waistcoat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg/220px-Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg/330px-Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg/440px-Carlo_Buonaparte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1378" data-file-height="1786" /></a><figcaption> Tad Napoleon, Carlo Buonaparte, oedd cynrychiolydd <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> i lys <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XVI, brenin Ffrainc">Louis XVI</a>.</figcaption></figure> Roedd teulu Napoleon o darddiad Eidalaidd. Roedd ei hynafiaid ar ochr ei dad, y Buonapartes, yn ddisgynyddion i deulu bonheddig <a href="/wiki/Toscana" title="Toscana">Tosganaidd</a> llai a ymfudodd i <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Gorsica</a> yn yr <a href="/wiki/16g" class="mw-redirect" title="16g">16g</a> ac roedd ei deulu ar ochr ei fam, y Ramolinos, yn ddisgynyddion i deulu bonheddig mân o <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gweriniaeth Genoa">Weriniaeth Genoa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Roedd y Buonapartes hefyd yn perthyn trwy briodas i'r Pietrasentasiaid, y Costas, y Paravicciniaid, a Bonellis, a holl deuluoedd Corsica o'r tu fewn.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Roedd ei rieni Carlo Maria di Buonaparte a Maria Letizia Ramolino yn cadw hen gartref y teulu o'r enw “Casa Buonaparte” yn <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>. Yno, yn y cartref hwn, y ganwyd Napoleon, ar 15 Awst 1769. Ef oedd pedwerydd plentyn a thrydydd mab y teulu. Roedd ganddo frawd hŷn, Joseph, a brodyr a chwiorydd iau Lucien, Elisa, Louis, Pauline, Caroline, a Jérôme. Bedyddiwyd Napoleon yn <a href="/wiki/Yr_Eglwys_Gatholig_Rufeinig" title="Yr Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig">Gatholig</a>, dan yr enw Napoleon.<a href="#cite_note-:22-6">[6]</a> Yn ei ieuenctid, sillafwyd ei enw hefyd fel Nabulione, Nabulio, Napoline, a Napulione.<a href="#cite_note-dwyerxv-7">[7]</a> Ganed Napoleon yn yr un flwyddyn ag yr <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gweriniaeth Genoa">ildiodd Gweriniaeth Genoa</a> (cyn dalaith Eidalaidd) ardal Corsica i Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-8">[8]</a> Gwerthodd y wladwriaeth yr hawliau sofran flwyddyn cyn ei eni a gorchfygwyd yr ynys gan Ffrainc yn ystod blwyddyn ei eni. Fe'i corfforwyd yn ffurfiol fel talaith yn 1770, ar ôl 500 mlynedd o dan reolaeth Genoa ac 14 mlynedd o annibyniaeth. Ymunodd rhieni Napoleon â gwrthwynebiad Corsica ac ymladd yn erbyn y Ffrancwyr i gadw annibyniaeth, hyd yn oed pan oedd Maria yn feichiog gydag ef. Roedd ei dad yn atwrnai a aeth ymlaen i gael ei enwi'n gynrychiolydd Corsica i lys <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XVI, brenin Ffrainc">Louis XVI</a> yn 1777.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> Dylanwad cryfaf plentyndod Napoleon oedd ei fam, yr oedd ganddi ddisgyblaeth gadarn.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> Yn ddiweddarach, dywedodd Napoleon, "Mae tynged y plentyn yn y dyfodol bob bob amser yn nwylo'r fam."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Priododd mam-gu Napoleon â theulu Fesch y Swistir yn ei hail briodas, a byddai ewythr Napoleon, y cardinal Joseph Fesch, yn cyflawni rôl fel gwarchodwr teulu Bonaparte am rai blynyddoedd. Roedd cefndir bonheddig, gweddol gyfoethog Napoleon yn rhoi mwy o gyfleoedd iddo astudio nag oedd ar gael i Gorsicaniaid nodweddiadol y cyfnod.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Pan drodd yn 9 oed symudodd i dir mawr Ffrainc a chofrestru mewn ysgol grefyddol yn <a href="/wiki/Autun" title="Autun">Autun</a> yn Ionawr 1779<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>. Ym Mai, trosglwyddodd gydag ysgoloriaeth i academi filwrol yn Brienne-le-Château.<a href="#cite_note-rxvi-14">[14]</a> Yn ei ieuenctid roedd yn genedlaetholwr Corsicaidd di-flewyn-ar-dafod a chefnogodd annibyniaeth y wladwriaeth oddi wrth Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-15">[15]</a> Fel llawer o Gorsiciaid, roedd Napoleon yn siarad ac yn darllen <a href="/wiki/Corseg" title="Corseg">Corseg</a> (fel ei famiaith) ac <a href="/wiki/Eidaleg" title="Eidaleg">Eidaleg</a> (fel iaith swyddogol Corsica).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2014-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-15">[15]</a> Dechreuodd ddysgu <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg">Ffrangeg</a> yn yr ysgol pan oedd tua 10 oed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2014-16">[16]</a> Er iddo ddod yn rhugl yn Ffrangeg, siaradodd ag acen Corsica nodedig ac ni ddysgodd sut i sillafu'n gywir yn Ffrangeg.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> O ganlyniad, roedd ei gyd-ddisgyblion yn gwahaniaethu yn erbyn Napoleon oherwydd ei ymddangosiad corfforol a'i acen wahanol.<a href="#cite_note-:1-15">[15]</a> Fodd bynnag, nid oedd yn achos unigol, gan yr amcangyfrifwyd yn 1790 bod llai na 3 miliwn o bobl, allan o boblogaeth Ffrainc o 28 miliwn, yn gallu siarad Ffrangeg safonol, ac roedd y rhai a allai ei hysgrifennu'n gywir yn fach oawn.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Bwliwyd Napoleon yn aml gan ei gyfoedion, a'i watwar am ei acen, man geni, ei daldra byr, ei ddifyg moesgarwch a'i anallu i siarad Ffrangeg yn gyflym.<a href="#cite_note-:2-17">[17]</a> Daeth yn fewnblyg ac yn felancolig, a chiliodd at ei lyfrau. Sylwodd arholwr fod Napoleon “bob amser yn dda am fathemateg. Mae'n weddol gyfarwydd â hanes a daearyddiaeth . . . Byddai’r bachgen hwn yn gwneud morwr rhagorol.”<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Un stori a adroddwyd am Napoleon yn yr ysgol yw ei fod wedi arwain myfyrwyr iau i fuddugoliaeth yn erbyn myfyrwyr hŷn mewn brwydr peli eira, gan ddangos ei allu i arwain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1973-22">[22]</a> Yn oedolyn ifanc, rhoddodd Napoleon ei fryd ar fod yn awdur; ysgrifennodd hanes Corsica a lluniodd nofel ramantus.<a href="#cite_note-:4-12">[12]</a> Ar ôl cwblhau ei astudiaethau yn Brienne ym 1784, derbyniwyd Napoleon i'r École Militaire ym Mharis. Hyfforddodd i fod yn swyddog magnelau a, phan leihawyd ei incwm, yn dilyn marwolaeth ei dad, fe'i gorfodwyd i gwblhau'r cwrs dwy flynedd mewn blwyddyn.<a href="#cite_note-dwyer42-23">[23]</a> Ef oedd y Corsican cyntaf i raddio o'r École Militaire.<a href="#cite_note-dwyer42-23">[23]</a> Archwiliwyd ef gan y gwyddonydd enwog Pierre-Simon Laplace . <a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gyrfa_gynnar">Gyrfa gynnar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Gyrfa gynnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gyrfa gynnar">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Napoleon_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/220px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/330px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Napoleon_-_2.jpg/440px-Napoleon_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Napoleon Bonaparte, 23 oed, fel is-gyrnol bataliwn o wirfoddolwyr Gweriniaethol Corsica. Portread gan Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux</figcaption></figure> Wedi graddio ym Medi 1785, comisiynwyd Bonaparte yn ail raglaw yng nghatrawd magnelau La Fère.<a href="#cite_note-rxvi-14">[14]</a> Gwasanaethodd yn <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a> ac Auxonne tan ar ôl dechrau'r Chwyldro yn 1789. Roedd y dyn ifanc yn dal i fod yn genedlaetholwr Corsican brwd yn ystod y cyfnod hwn<a href="#cite_note-RobertsCh1-25">[25]</a> a gofynnodd am ganiatâd i ymuno â'i fentor Pasquale Paoli, pan ganiatawyd i'r olaf ddychwelyd i Gorsica gan y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol. Nid oedd gan Paoli unrhyw gydymdeimlad â Napoleon, fodd bynnag, gan ei fod yn ystyried ei dad yn fradwr am iddo adael ei achos dros annibyniaeth Corsica.<a href="#cite_note-RobertsCh2-26">[26]</a> Treuliodd flynyddoedd cynnar y Chwyldro yng Nghorsica, gan ymladd mewn brwydr dair-ochr gymhleth rhwng y brenhinwyr, y chwyldroadwyr, a chenedlaetholwyr Corsica. Daeth Napoleon, fodd bynnag, i gofleidio delfrydau'r Chwyldro, gan ddod yn gefnogwr i'r <a href="/wiki/Jacobin" title="Jacobin">Jacobiniaid</a> ac ymuno â Gweriniaethwyr Corsica o blaid Ffrainc a oedd yn gwrthwynebu polisi Paoli a'i ddyheadau o annibyniaeth i Gorsica.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Cafodd reolaeth dros fataliwn o wirfoddolwyr a chafodd ei ddyrchafu'n gapten yn y fyddin arferol ym mis Gorffennaf 1792, er iddo fynd y tu hwnt i'w waith pan aeth yn absennol ac arwain grwp o derfysgwyr yn erbyn milwyr Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Pan ddatganodd Corsica ymwahaniad ffurfiol oddi wrth Ffrainc a gofyn am amddiffyniad llywodraeth Prydain daeth Napoleon a'i ymrwymiad i'r Chwyldro Ffrengig i wrthdaro â Paoli, a oedd wedi penderfynu difrodi cyfraniad Corsica i'r Exédition de Sardaigne, trwy atal ymosodiad Ffrainc ar y ynys Sardinaidd La Maddalena.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Gorfodwyd Bonaparte a'i deulu i ffoi i Toulon ar dir mawr Ffrainc ym Mehefin 1793 oherwydd y rhwyg â Paoli.<a href="#cite_note-rxviii-30">[30]</a> Er iddo gael ei eni yn "Napoleone Buonaparte", dim ond wedi hyn y dechreuodd Napoleon ddefnyddio'r enw byr "Napoléon Bonaparte" ond ni ollyngodd ei deulu yr enw Buonaparte tan 1796. Y cofnod cyntaf y gwyddys amdano yn arwyddo ei enw fel Bonaparte oedd yn 27 oed (yn 1796).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gwarchae_ar_Toulon">Gwarchae ar Toulon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Gwarchae ar Toulon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gwarchae ar Toulon">golygu cod</a>]</div> Yng Ngorffennaf 1793, cyhoeddodd Bonaparte bamffled gweriniaethol o'r enw Le souper de Beaucaire (Swper yn y Beaucaire) a enillodd iddo gefnogaeth Augustin Robespierre, brawd iau yr arweinydd Chwyldroadol Maximilien Robespierre. Gyda chymorth ei gyd-Gorsican Antoine Christophe Saliceti, penodwyd Bonaparte yn uwch ynnwr a phennaeth y magnelau yn y lluoedd gweriniaethol a gyrhaeddodd Toulon ar 8 Medi.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Creodd gynllun i gipio bryn lle gallai ei fagnelau ddominyddu harbwr y ddinas a gorfodi’r Prydeinwyr i adael. Arweiniodd yr ymosodiad ar y safle at gipio'r ddinas, ond yn ystod y frwydr, clwyfwyd Bonaparte yn ei glun ar 16 Rhagfyr. Cymeradwydwyd ei allu a gosodwyd ef yng ngofal magnelau Byddin Ffrainc yn yr Eidal.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Ar 22 Rhagfyr yr oedd ar ei ffordd i'w swydd newydd yn <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, wedi ei ddyrchafu'n frigadydd-gadfridog yn 24 oed. Dyfeisiodd gynlluniau ar gyfer ymosod ar deyrnas Sardinia fel rhan o ymgyrch Ffrainc yn erbyn y Glymblaid Gyntaf. Gweithredodd byddin Ffrainc gynllun Bonaparte ym Mrwydr Saorgio yn Ebrill 1794, ac yna symud ymlaen i gipio Ormea yn y mynyddoedd. O Ormea, aethant i'r gorllewin i ragori ar safleoedd Awstro-Sardinaidd o amgylch Saorge. Ar ôl yr ymgyrch hon, anfonodd Augustin Robespierre Bonaparte ar genhadaeth i <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gweriniaeth Genoa">Weriniaeth Genoa</a> i ganfod bwriad y wlad honno tuag at Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Oherwydd ei sgiliau technegol, gofynnwyd iddo lunio cynlluniau i ymosod ar safleoedd yr Eidal yng nghyd-destun rhyfel Ffrainc yn erbyn Awstria. Cymerodd ran hefyd mewn alldaith i gymryd Corsica yn ôl oddi wrth y Prydeinwyr, ond gwrthyrrwyd y Ffrancwyr gan y Llynges Frenhinol Brydeinig.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Erbyn 1795, roedd Bonaparte wedi dyweddïo â Désirée Clary, merch François Clary. Roedd chwaer Désirée, Julie Clary, wedi priodi brawd hynaf Bonaparte, Joseph.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Yn Ebrill 1795, ymunodd a Byddin y Gorllewin, a fu'n ymwneud â <a href="/wiki/Rhyfel_y_Vend%C3%A9e" title="Rhyfel y Vendée">Rhyfel y Vendée</a> — rhyfel cartref a gwrth-chwyldro brenhinol yn Vendée, rhanbarth yng ngorllewin canolbarth Ffrainc ar Gefnfor yr Iwerydd. Fel un a oedd yn gyfrifol am filwyr traed, ystyriodd y swydd yn israddol i gadfridog y magnelau a phlediodd afiechyd er mwyn osgoi’r gwaith.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Etching of a street, there are many pockets of smoke due to a group of republican artillery firing on royalists across the street at the entrance to a building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg/220px-13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg/330px-13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg/440px-13Vend%C3%A9miaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption> Journée du 13 Vendémiaire, tân magnelau o flaen Eglwys Saint-Roch, Paris, Rue Saint-Honoré</figcaption></figure> Symudwyd ef i Swyddfa Topograffeg Pwyllgor Diogelwch y Cyhoedd, a cheisiodd yn aflwyddiannus am gael ei drosglwyddo i <a href="/wiki/Caergystennin" title="Caergystennin">Gaergystennin</a> er mwyn cynnig ei wasanaeth i'r Swltan, Selim III.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Yn ystod y cyfnod hwn, ysgrifennodd y nofel ramantus Clisson et Eugénie, am filwr a'i gariad, a oedd yn adlewyrchiad perffaith o berthynas go-iawn Bonaparte â Désirée.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ar 15 Medi, tynnwyd Bonaparte oddi ar restr y cadfridogion a oedd yn gwasanaethu'n rheolaidd am iddo wrthod gwasanaethu yn y Vendée. Roedd yn wynebu sefyllfa ariannol anodd a llai o ragolygon gyrfa.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Ar 3 Hydref, datganodd brenhinwyr ym Mharis wrthryfel yn erbyn y Convention nationale (Llywodraeth y <a href="/wiki/Chwyldro_Ffrengig" class="mw-redirect" title="Chwyldro Ffrengig">Chwyldro Ffrengig</a>).<a href="#cite_note-m96-42">[42]</a> Gwyddai Paul Barras, un o arweinwyr Thermidor, am orchestion milwrol Bonaparte yn Toulon a rhoddodd iddo reolaeth ar y lluoedd i amddiffyn y llywodraeth ym Mhalas Tuileries. Roedd Napoleon wedi gweld cyflafan Gwarchodlu'r Swistir yn y Brenin yno dair blynedd ynghynt a sylweddolodd mai magnelau fyddai'r allwedd i'w hamddiffyn.<a href="#cite_note-rxvi-14">[14]</a> Gorchmynnodd i swyddog marchfilwyr ifanc o'r enw Joachim Murat atafaelu <a href="/wiki/Canon_(arf)" title="Canon (arf)">canonau</a> mawr a'u defnyddio i wrthyrru'r ymosodwyr ar 5 Hydref 1795— 13 Vendémiaire An IV yng Nghalendar y Chwyldroadwyr Ffrengig; bu farw 1,400 o frenhinwyr a ffodd y gweddill.<a href="#cite_note-m96-42">[42]</a> Roedd wedi clirio'r strydoedd gyda chwythiad o "arogl grawnwin", yn ôl yr hanesydd Albanaidd <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> yn ei gyfrol y Chwyldro Ffrengig: A History a gyhoeddwyd mewn tair rhan yn 1837.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Yn sgil gorchfygu gwrthryfel y brenhinwyr, dilëwyd y bygythiad i'r Confensiwn ac enillodd Bonaparte enwogrwydd sydyn, ac enillodd gyfoeth a nawdd y llywodraeth newydd y Directoire. Priododd Murat ag un o chwiorydd Napoleon, gan ddod yn frawd-yng-nghyfraith iddo; a gwasanaethodd hefyd, yn ddiweddarach, o dan Napoleon fel un o'i gadfridogion. Dyrchafwyd Bonaparte yn Gadlywydd Byddin Ffrainc yn yr Eidal.<a href="#cite_note-rxviii-30">[30]</a> Ymhen ychydig wythnosau bu'n ymwneud yn rhamantus â <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a>, cyn-feistres Barras. Priododd y cwpl ar 9 Mawrth 1796 mewn seremoni sifil.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Dau ddiwrnod ar ôl y briodas, gadawodd Bonaparte <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Baris</a> i gymryd rheolaeth o Fyddin Ffrainc yn yr Eidal. Aeth ati i ymosod yn syth, gan obeithio trechu lluoedd Piedmont cyn y gallai eu cynghreiriaid Awstriaidd ymyrryd. Mewn cyfres o fuddugoliaethau cyflym yn ystod Ymgyrch Montenotte, curodd Piedmont yn llwyr mewn pythefnos cwta. Yna canolbwyntiodd y Ffrancwyr ar yr Awstriaid am weddill y rhyfel, a gorchfygodd Napoleon ym mrwydrau Castiglione, Bassano, Arcole, a Rivoli. Arweiniodd buddugoliaeth bendant Ffrainc yn Rivoli yn Ionawr 1797 at ddymchwel safle Awstria yn yr Eidal. Yn Rivoli, collodd yr Awstriaid hyd at 14,000 o filwyr tra collodd y Ffrancod tua 5,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell201529-46">[46]</a> Roedd cam nesaf yr ymgyrch yn cynnwys goresgyniad Ffrainc o gadarnleoedd <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a>. Roedd lluoedd Ffrainc yn Ne'r Almaen wedi cael eu trechu gan yr Archddug Charles ym 1796, ond tynnodd yr Archddug ei luoedd yn ôl i amddiffyn <a href="/wiki/Fienna" title="Fienna">Fienna</a> ar ôl dysgu am ymosodiad Napoleon. Yn y cyfarfod cyntaf rhwng y ddau gadlywydd, gwthiodd Napoleon ei wrthwynebydd yn ôl a symud ymlaen yn ddwfn i diriogaeth Awstria ar ôl ennill ym Mrwydr Tarvis ym mis Mawrth 1797. Dychrynwyd yr Awstriaid gan y gwthiad Ffrengig a gyrhaeddodd yr holl ffordd i Leoben, tua 100 km o Vienna, ac o'r diwedd penderfynodd ofyn am heddwch.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Rhoddodd Cytundeb Leoben, a ddilynwyd gan Gytundeb Campo Formio mwy cynhwysfawr, reolaeth i Ffrainc ar y rhan fwyaf o ogledd yr Eidal a'r <a href="/wiki/Y_Gwledydd_Isel" title="Y Gwledydd Isel">Gwledydd Isel</a>, ac addawodd cymal cyfrinachol <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Fenis" title="Gweriniaeth Fenis">Gweriniaeth Fenis</a> i Awstria. Gorymdeithiodd Bonaparte ar Fenis a gorfodi ei hildio, gan ddod â 1,100 o flynyddoedd o annibyniaeth Fenis i ben. Awdurdododd hefyd y Ffrancwyr i ysbeilio trysorau megis Ceffylau Sant Marc.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Ar y daith, bu Bonaparte yn sgwrsio llawer am ryfelwyr megis <a href="/wiki/Alecsander_Fawr" title="Alecsander Fawr">Alecsander</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C5%B5l_Cesar" title="Iŵl Cesar">Cesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus" title="Scipio Africanus">Scipio</a> a <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>. Astudiodd eu strategaeth a'i chyfuno â'i strategaeth ei hun. Mewn cwestiwn o Bourrienne, yn gofyn a oedd yn rhoi ei ffafriaeth i Alecsander neu Gesar, dywedodd Napoleon ei fod yn gosod Alecsander Fawr yn y rheng gyntaf oherwydd llwyddiant ei ymgyrch ar Asia.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille,_1797.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg/220px-Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg/330px-Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg/440px-Bonaparte_re%C3%A7oit_les_prisonniers_sur_le_champ_de_bataille%2C_1797.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption> Bonaparte yn ystod ymgyrch yr Eidal yn 1797</figcaption></figure> Galluogodd ei ddefnydd o syniadau milwrol confensiynol i sefyllfaoedd yn y byd go iawn ei fuddugoliaethau milwrol, megis defnydd creadigol o fagnelau fel grym symudol i gefnogi ei filwyr traed. Dywedodd yn ddiweddarach: "Dw i wedi ymladd chwe-deg o frwydrau, a dysgais ddiawl o ddim na wyddwn ar y dechrau. Edrych ar Cesar; ymladdodd y cyntaf fel yr olaf."<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Enillodd Bonaparte ei frwydrau trwy guddio'i filwyr a chanolbwyntio ei luoedd ar "gilfach" ffrynt wanaf y gelyn. Pe na bai'n gallu defnyddio ei hoff strategaeth o amgylchynu, byddai'n cymryd y safle canolog ac yn ymosod ar ddau rym cydweithredol wrth eu colfach, gan siglo rownd i ymladd un nes iddo ffoi, yna troi i wynebu'r llall.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Yn yr ymgyrch Eidalaidd hon, daliodd byddin Bonaparte 150,000 o garcharorion, 540 o ganonau, a 170 o gludwyr baner.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ymladdodd byddin Ffrainc 67 gweithred (neu ymladdfa) ac ennill 18 o frwydrau trwy gyfrwng technoleg magnelau uwchraddol a thactegau unigryw Bonaparte.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Yn ystod yr ymgyrch, daeth Bonaparte yn gynyddol ddylanwadol yng ngwleidyddiaeth Ffrainc. Sefydlodd ddau bapur newydd: un ar gyfer y milwyr yn ei fyddin ac un arall ar gyfer cylchrediad yn Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Ymosododd y brenhinwyr ar Bonaparte am ysbeilio'r Eidal a rhybuddiodd y gallai ddod yn unben.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Amcangyfrifir bod lluoedd Napoleon wedi tynnu $45 miliwn mewn arian o'r Eidal yn ystod eu hymgyrch yno, a gwerth $12 miliwn arall mewn metelau a thlysau gwerthfawr. Atafaelodd ei luoedd hefyd fwy na 300 o baentiadau a cherfluniau amhrisiadwy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell201530-56">[56]</a> Anfonodd Bonaparte y Cadfridog Pierre Augereau i Baris i arwain <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> a chael gwared ar y brenhinwyr ar 4 Medi - Coup of 18 Fructidor. Gadawodd hyn Barras a'i gynghreiriaid Gweriniaethol i reoli eto, ond yn ddibynnol ar Bonaparte, a aeth ymlaen i drafodaethau heddwch gydag Awstria. Arweiniodd y trafodaethau hyn at Gytundeb Campo Formio, a dychwelodd Bonaparte i Baris yn Rhagfyr fel arwr.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Cyfarfu â Talleyrand, Gweinidog Tramor newydd Ffrainc — a wasanaethodd yn yr un modd i'r Ymerawdwr Napoleon — a dechreuasant baratoi ar gyfer goresgyn Lloegr (a alwai ei hun yn 'Prydain').<a href="#cite_note-rxviii-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alldaith_Eifftaidd">Alldaith Eifftaidd</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Alldaith Eifftaidd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Alldaith Eifftaidd">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge,_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Person on a horse looks towards a giant statue of a head in the desert, with a blue sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg/220px-Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg/330px-Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg/440px-Bonaparte_ante_la_Esfinge%2C_por_Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1838" /></a><figcaption> Bonaparte O Flaen y Sffincs (c. 1886) gan Jean-Léon Gérôme, <a href="/wiki/Castell_Hearst" title="Castell Hearst">Castell Hearst</a></figcaption></figure> Ar ôl deufis o gynllunio, penderfynodd Bonaparte nad oedd llynges Ffrainc yn ddigon cryf, eto, i wynebu'r <a href="/wiki/Y_Llynges_Frenhinol" title="Y Llynges Frenhinol">Llynges Frenhinol Brydeinig.</a> Penderfynodd ar daith filwrol i gipio'r Aifft a thrwy hynny danseilio mynediad Prydain i'w diddordebau masnachol yn India.<a href="#cite_note-rxviii-30">[30]</a> Dymunai Bonaparte sefydlu presenoldeb Ffrengig yn y Dwyrain Canol ac ymuno â <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>, Swltan Mysore a oedd yn elyn i'r Prydeinwyr.<a href="#cite_note-Watson-58">[58]</a> Sicrhaodd Napoleon ei Lywodraeth “cyn gynted ag y byddai wedi goresgyn yr Aifft, byddai'n sefydlu perthynas â thywysogion India ac, ynghyd â hwy, yn ymosod ar y Saeson yno”.<a href="#cite_note-Amini-59">[59]</a> Cytunodd y Directory er mwyn sicrhau llwybr masnach i <a href="/wiki/Isgyfandir_India" title="Isgyfandir India">is-gyfandir India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Ym Mai 1798, etholwyd Bonaparte yn aelod o <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences" title="Académie des Sciences">Academi Gwyddorau Ffrainc</a> (Académie des Sciences). Roedd ei daith Eifftaidd yn cynnwys grŵp o 167 o wyddonwyr, gyda mathemategwyr, naturiaethwyr, cemegwyr, a <a href="/wiki/Geodedd" title="Geodedd">geodesyddion</a> yn eu plith. Ymhlith eu darganfyddiadau roedd <a href="/wiki/Carreg_Rosetta" title="Carreg Rosetta">Carreg Rosetta</a>, a chyhoeddwyd eu gwaith yn y Description de l'Égypte yn 1809.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cavalry battlescene with pyramids in background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg/220px-Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg/330px-Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg/440px-Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Baron_Lejeune_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption> Brwydr y Pyramidiau ar 21 Gorffennaf 1798 gan Louis-François, Barwn Lejeune, 1808</figcaption></figure> Ar y ffordd i'r Aifft, cyrhaeddodd Bonaparte <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> ar 9 Mehefin 1798, a reolir ar y pryd gan <a href="/wiki/Marchogion_yr_Ysbyty" title="Marchogion yr Ysbyty">Farchogion yr Ysbyty</a>. Ildiodd y Prif Feistr Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim ar ôl gwrthwynebiad symbolaidd, a chipiodd Bonaparte sylfaen llynges bwysig gan golli dim ond tri dyn.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Ni chafodd Bonaparte a'i alldaith eu herlid gan y Llynges Frenhinol a glaniodd yn <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> ar 1 Gorffennaf.<a href="#cite_note-rxviii-30">[30]</a> Ymladdodd Brwydr Shubra Khit yn erbyn y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk (dim tudalen ar gael)">Mamluks</a>, cast milwrol o'r Aifft. Helpodd hyn y Ffrancwyr i ymarfer eu tacteg amddiffynnol ar gyfer <a href="/wiki/Brwydr_y_Pyramidau" title="Brwydr y Pyramidau">Brwydr y Pyramidiau</a>, a ymladdwyd ar 21 Gorffennaf, tua 24 cilometr (15 milltir) o'r <a href="/wiki/Pyramidau%27r_Aifft" title="Pyramidau'r Aifft">pyramidiau</a>. Lladdwyd dau ddeg naw o Ffrancwyr<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> a thua 2,000 o Eifftiaid. Rhoddodd y fuddugoliaeth hon hwb enfawr i forâl byddin Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Ar 1 Awst 1798, cipiodd a dinistriodd llynges Prydain (o dan <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson">Syr Horatio Nelson</a>) bob un ond dwy o longau llynges Ffrainc ym Mrwydr y Nil, gan drechu nod Bonaparte i gryfhau safle Ffrainc ym Môr y Canoldir.<a href="#cite_note-rxx-65">[65]</a>  Roedd ei fyddin wedi llwyddo i gynyddu grym Ffrainc dros dro yn yr Aifft, er iddi wynebu gwrthryfeloedd dro ar ôl tro. <a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Yn gynnar yn 1799, symudodd ran o'i fyddin i dalaith Otomanaidd Damascus (Syria a <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>). Arweiniodd Bonaparte yr 13,000 o filwyr Ffrengig hyn yn y goncwest ar drefi arfordirol Arish, <a href="/wiki/Dinas_Gaza" title="Dinas Gaza">Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Roedd yr ymosodiad ar Jaffa yn arbennig o greulon. Darganfu Bonaparte fod llawer o’r amddiffynwyr yn gyn-garcharorion rhyfel, ar barôl i bob golwg, felly gorchmynnodd i’r garsiwn a 1,400 o garcharorion gael eu dienyddio trwy bidog neu foddi i arebd y bwledi.<a href="#cite_note-rxx-65">[65]</a> Cafodd dynion, merched, a phlant eu ladrata a'u llofruddio mewn cyflafan waedlyd dros gyfnod o dridiau.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Dechreuodd Bonaparte gyda byddin o 13,000 o wyr; Adroddwyd bod 1,500 ar goll, bu farw 1,200 wrth ymladd, a bu farw miloedd o afiechyd - o'r <a href="/wiki/Pla_biwbonig" title="Pla biwbonig">pla bubonig</a> yn bennaf. Methodd a chipio caer <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Palesteina" title="Acre, Palesteina">Acre</a>, felly gorymdeithiodd ei fyddin yn ôl i'r Aifft ym Mai. I gyflymu'r enciliad, gorchmynnodd Bonaparte i ddynion oedd yn dioddef o'r pla (rhwng 30 a 580 ohonyn nhw) gael eu gwenwyno ag opiwm.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Yn ôl yn yr Aifft ar 25 Gorffennaf, trechodd Bonaparte ymosodiad amffibaidd gan yr Otomaniaid yn Abukir.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rheolwr_Ffrainc">Rheolwr Ffrainc</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Rheolwr Ffrainc" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Rheolwr Ffrainc">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bonaparte in a simple general uniform in the middle of a scrum of red-robbed members of the Council of Five Hundred" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/220px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/330px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg/440px-Bouchot_-_Le_general_Bonaparte_au_Conseil_des_Cinq-Cents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1833" data-file-height="1953" /></a><figcaption> Paentiad olew o'r Cadfridog Bonaparte wedi'i amgylchynu gan aelodau o'r Cyngor Pum Cant yn ystod Coup 18 Brumaire, gan François Bouchot</figcaption></figure> Tra yn yr Aifft, roedd Bonaparte yn derbyn newyddion am faterion Ewropeaidd. Clywodd fod Ffrainc wedi dioddef cyfres o orchfygiadau yn Rhyfel yr Ail Glymblaid.<a href="#cite_note-egyptreturn-71">[71]</a> Ar 24 Awst 1799, manteisiodd ar ymadawiad dros dro llongau Prydeinig o borthladdoedd arfordirol Ffrainc a hwylio i Ffrainc, er gwaethaf y ffaith nad oedd wedi derbyn unrhyw orchmynion penodol gan Baris.<a href="#cite_note-rxx-65">[65]</a> Gadawyd y fyddin dan ofal Jean-Baptiste Kléber.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Yn anhysbys i Bonaparte, roedd y Directory (y Llywodraeth) wedi ei orchmyn i ddychwelyd i atal ymosodiadau posibl ar Ffrainc, ond roedd llinellau cyfathrebu gwael yn atal y negeseuon hyn rhag cael eu trosglwyddo.<a href="#cite_note-egyptreturn-71">[71]</a> Erbyn iddo gyrraedd Paris yn Hydref, roedd sefyllfa Ffrainc wedi gwella trwy gyfres o fuddugoliaethau. Roedd y Weriniaeth, fodd bynnag, yn fethdalwr ac roedd y Directory yn aneffeithiol ac yn amhoblogaidd ymhlith poblogaeth Ffrainc.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Roeddent yn trafod fod Bonaparte wedi mynd ar ei liwt ei hun, ond roedden nhw'n rhy wan i'w gosbi.<a href="#cite_note-egyptreturn-71">[71]</a> Er gwaethaf rhai methiannau yn yr Aifft, dychwelodd Napoleon i i Ffrainc fel arwr. Lluniodd gynghrair gyda'r cyfarwyddwr Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, ei frawd Lucien, Llefarydd y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyngor_Pum_Cant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyngor Pum Cant (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cyngor Pum Cant,</a> Roger Ducos, y cyfarwyddwr Joseph Fouché, a Talleyrand, ac aethant ati i gipio'r aewnau drwy <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> ar 9 Tachwedd 1799 ("y 18fed Brumaire" yn ôl calendr y chwyldro), gan ddod a'r Cyngor Pum Cant i ben. Apwyntiwyd Napoleon yn "gonswl cyntaf" a daliodd y swydd am ddeng mlynedd, gyda dau gonswl wedi eu penodi ganddo oedd â lleisiau ymgynghorol yn unig. Cadarnhawyd ei rym gan “Gyfansoddiad y Flwyddyn VIII”, newydd, a ddyfeisiwyd yn wreiddiol gan Sieyès i roi rôl bychan i Napoleon, ond a ailysgrifennwyd gan Napoleon ei hun, a’i dderbyn trwy bleidlais boblogaidd uniongyrchol (3,000,000 o blaid, a 1,567 yn erbyn). Cadwodd y cyfansoddiad ymddangosiad o fod yn weriniaeth ond, mewn gwirionedd, sefydlodd unbennaeth.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conswl_Ffrainc">Conswl Ffrainc</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Conswl Ffrainc" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Conswl Ffrainc">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres,_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg/220px-Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg/330px-Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg/440px-Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_Portrait_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_en_premier_consul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption> Bonaparte, Prif Gonswl, gan yr arlunydd <a href="/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres">Ingres</a>. Gosodir llaw Bonaparte y tu mewn i'r wasgod, fel symbol mewn portreadau o'r fath o arweinydd tawel a sefydlog.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png/220px-5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png/330px-5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png/440px-5f_Bonabarte_Premier_consul_-_AN_XI_1802.png 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption> Darn arian: 5 ffranc AN XI, 1802, Bonaparte, y Conswl Cyntaf</figcaption></figure> Sefydlodd Napoleon system wleidyddol a alwodd yr hanesydd Martyn Lyons yn "unbennaeth trwy blebiscite" (neu "unbeniaeth drwy ganiatad y bobl").<a href="#cite_note-Lyons,_Martyn_1994,_p._111-76">[76]</a> Poenai am luoedd democrataidd y bobl, a ryddhawyd gan y Chwyldro, ac ni ddymunai eu hanwybyddu, felly aeth Napoleon ati i ymgynghori yn etholiadol reolaidd gyda phobl Ffrainc ar ei ffordd i rym imperialaidd.<a href="#cite_note-Lyons,_Martyn_1994,_p._111-76">[76]</a> Drafftiodd Gyfansoddiad y Flwyddyn VIII a sicrhaodd ethol ei hun yn Gonswl Cyntaf, gan fyw yn y Tuileries. Atgyfnerthwyd ei safle y mis Ionawr canlynol, gyda 99.94 y cant wedi'u rhestru'n swyddogol fel rhai a bleidleisiodd "ie".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llyfryddiaeth">Llyfryddiaeth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Llyfryddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Llyfryddiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llyfryddiaeth_bywgraffyddol">Llyfryddiaeth bywgraffyddol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Llyfryddiaeth bywgraffyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Llyfryddiaeth bywgraffyddol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2005" class="citation book">Abbott, John (2005). Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4179-7063-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4179-7063-6"><bdi>978-1-4179-7063-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Napoleon+Bonaparte&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4179-7063-6&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBell2015" class="citation book">Bell, David A. (2015). Napoleon: A Concise Biography. Oxford and New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-026271-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-026271-6"><bdi>978-0-19-026271-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Concise+Biography&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-026271-6&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> only 140pp; by a scholar</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBlaufarb2007" class="citation book">Blaufarb, Rafe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonsymbolfo0000blau">Napoleon: Symbol for an Age, A Brief History with Documents</a>. Bedford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-312-43110-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-312-43110-5"><bdi>978-0-312-43110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+Symbol+for+an+Age%2C+A+Brief+History+with+Documents&rft.pub=Bedford&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-312-43110-5&rft.aulast=Blaufarb&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonsymbolfo0000blau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChandler2002" class="citation book">Chandler, David (2002). Napoleon. Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85052-750-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85052-750-6"><bdi>978-0-85052-750-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-750-6&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCronin1994" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Cronin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Cronin (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cronin, Vincent</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleon0000cron_y3x1">Napoleon</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-00-637521-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-00-637521-0"><bdi>978-0-00-637521-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-00-637521-0&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleon0000cron_y3x1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2008a" class="citation book">Dwyer, Philip (2008a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonpathtopo0000dwye">Napoleon: The Path to Power</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9780300137545" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9780300137545"><bdi>9780300137545</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+The+Path+to+Power&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780300137545&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonpathtopo0000dwye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2013" class="citation book">Dwyer, Philip (2013). Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power. Yale University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIN (identifier) (dim tudalen ar gael)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00GGSG3W4">B00GGSG3W4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen+Emperor%3A+Napoleon+in+Power&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnglund,_Steven2010" class="citation book">Englund, Steven (2010). Napoleon: A Political Life. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-01803-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-01803-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01803-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Political+Life&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01803-7&rft.au=Englund%2C+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Gueniffey, Patrice. Bonaparte: 1769–1802 (Harvard UP, 2015, French edition 2013); 1008 pp.; vol 1 of most comprehensive recent scholarly biography by leading French specialist; less emphasis on battles and campaigns <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Bonaparte-1769-1802-Patrice-Gueniffey/dp/0674368355/">excerpt</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://networks.h-net.org/node/12840/reviews/128469/reynolds-gueniffey-bonaparte-1769-1802">online review</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2002" class="citation book">Johnson, Paul (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonpenguinl00unse">Napoleon: A life</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-670-03078-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-670-03078-1"><bdi>978-0-670-03078-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+life&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-670-03078-1&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonpenguinl00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344">; 200 pp.; quite hostile</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLefebvre,_Georges1969" class="citation book">Lefebvre, Georges (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonfrom18br00lefe">Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit, 1799–1807</a>. Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+from+18+Brumaire+to+Tilsit%2C+1799%E2%80%931807&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonfrom18br00lefe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> influential wide-ranging history <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLefebvre,_Georges1969" class="citation book">Lefebvre, Georges (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mTwJAQAAIAAJ">Napoleon: from Tilsit to Waterloo, 1807–1815</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9780231033138" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9780231033138"><bdi>9780231033138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+from+Tilsit+to+Waterloo%2C+1807%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780231033138&rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTwJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLyons1994" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martyn_Lyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martyn Lyons (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lyons, Martyn</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonbonapart0000lyon">Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution</a>. St. Martin's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+Bonaparte+and+the+Legacy+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonbonapart0000lyon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1963" class="citation book">Markham, Felix (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100420055859/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o">Napoleon</a>. Mentor. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10369968">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2010-04-20. Cyrchwyd 2022-06-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon&rft.pub=Mentor&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D10369968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344">; 303 pp.; short biography by an Oxford scholar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/1446436/napoleon">online</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcLynn1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_McLynn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank McLynn (dim tudalen ar gael)">McLynn, Frank</a> (1998). Napoleon. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimlico_(publishing_imprint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimlico (publishing imprint) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Pimlico</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7126-6247-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7126-6247-5"><bdi>978-0-7126-6247-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:ASIN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:ASIN (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:ASIN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-6247-5&rft.aulast=McLynn&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2014" class="citation book">Roberts, Andrew (2014). Napoleon: A Life. Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-670-02532-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-670-02532-9"><bdi>978-0-670-02532-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02532-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThompson,_J.M.1951" class="citation book">Thompson, J.M. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s2uTaPHPnZ8C">Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall</a>. Oxford U.P.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+Bonaparte%3A+His+Rise+and+Fall&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds2uTaPHPnZ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344">, 412 pp.; by an Oxford scholar</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ffynonellau_cynradd">Ffynonellau cynradd</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffynonellau cynradd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ffynonellau cynradd">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li>Babelon, Jean-Pierre, D'Huart, Suzanne and De Jonge, Alex. Napoleon's Last Will and Testament. Paddington Press Ltd. New York & London. 1977. <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/044822190X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-448-22190-X</a>.</li> <li>Broadley, A. M., and J. Holland Rose. Napoleon in caricature 1795–1821 (John Lane, 1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CwNoAAAAMAAJ">online</a>, illustrated</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGourgaud1903" class="citation book">Gourgaud, Gaspard (1903) [1899]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/talkofnapoleonat007678mbp">Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena</a>. Translated from the French by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Wormeley_Latimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer (dim tudalen ar gael)">Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer</a>. Chicago: A.C. McClurg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talks+of+Napoleon+at+St.+Helena&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=A.C.+McClurg&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Gourgaud&rft.aufirst=Gaspard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftalkofnapoleonat007678mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanesyddol">Hanesyddol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanesyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Hanesyddol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBroadley1911" class="citation book">Broadley, Alexander Meyrick (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonincaric00rosegoog">Napoleon in Caricature 1795-1821</a>. John Lane, 1911 Caricature.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+in+Caricature+1795-1821&rft.pub=John+Lane%2C+1911+Caricature&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Broadley&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Meyrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonincaric00rosegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Dwyer, Philip G. (2004). "Napoleon Bonaparte as Hero and Saviour: Image, Rhetoric and Behaviour in the Construction of a Legend". French History 18 (4): 379–403. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ffh%2F18.4.379">10.1093/fh/18.4.379</a>.</li> <li>Dwyer, Philip (2008b). "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars". French Politics, Culture & Society 26 (3): 110–22. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3167%2Ffpcs.2008.260306">10.3167/fpcs.2008.260306</a>.</li> <li>Englund, Steven. "Napoleon and Hitler". Journal of the Historical Society (2006) 6#1 pp. 151–69.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGeyl1982" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Geyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pieter Geyl (dim tudalen ar gael)">Geyl, Pieter</a> (1982) [1947]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=saMfAAAAMAAJ">Napoleon For and Against</a>. Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+For+and+Against&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Geyl&rft.aufirst=Pieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsaMfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHanson,_Victor_Davis2003" class="citation web">Hanson, Victor Davis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.claremont.org/crb/article/the-little-tyrant/">"The Claremont Institute: The Little Tyrant, A review of Napoleon: A Penguin Life"</a>. The Claremont Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Claremont+Institute%3A+The+Little+Tyrant%2C+A+review+of+Napoleon%3A+A+Penguin+Life&rft.pub=The+Claremont+Institute&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Victor+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.claremont.org%2Fcrb%2Farticle%2Fthe-little-tyrant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHazareesingh2005" class="citation book">Hazareesingh, Sudhir (2005). The Legend of Napoleon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legend+of+Napoleon&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hazareesingh&rft.aufirst=Sudhir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Legend-Napoleon-Sudhir-Hazareesingh/dp/1862077894/">excerpt and text search</a> <ul><li>Hazareesingh, Sudhir. "Memory and Political Imagination: The Legend of Napoleon Revisited", French History (2004) 18#4 pp. 463–83.</li> <li>Hazareesingh, Sudhir (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_mln_2005-09_120_4/page/747">"Napoleonic Memory in Nineteenth-Century France: The Making of a Liberal Legend"</a>. MLN 120 (4): 747–73. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353%2Fmln.2005.0119">10.1353/mln.2005.0119</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_mln_2005-09_120_4/page/747">https://archive.org/details/sim_mln_2005-09_120_4/page/747</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Porterfield, Todd, and Susan Siegfried. Staging Empire: Napoleon, Ingres, and David (Penn State Press, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h-france.net/vol8reviews/vol8no42obrien.pdf">online review</a>.</li></ul> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Column&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Column (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nodyn:Column</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astudiaethau_arbenigol">Astudiaethau arbenigol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Astudiaethau arbenigol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Astudiaethau arbenigol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAlder2002" class="citation book">Alder, Ken (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/measureofallthin00alde">The Measure of All Things – The Seven-Year Odyssey and Hidden Error That Transformed the World</a>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7432-1675-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7432-1675-3"><bdi>978-0-7432-1675-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Measure+of+All+Things+%E2%80%93+The+Seven-Year+Odyssey+and+Hidden+Error+That+Transformed+the+World&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1675-3&rft.aulast=Alder&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeasureofallthin00alde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAlter2006" class="citation book">Alter, Peter (2006). <a href="/w/index.php?title=T._C._W._Blanning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. C. W. Blanning (dim tudalen ar gael)">T. C. W. Blanning</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagen_Schulze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagen Schulze (dim tudalen ar gael)">Hagen Schulze</a> (gol.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitydiversityin0000unse_f1p7">Unity and Diversity in European Culture c. 1800</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-726382-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-726382-2"><bdi>978-0-19-726382-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unity+and+Diversity+in+European+Culture+c.+1800&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726382-2&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitydiversityin0000unse_f1p7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAmini2000" class="citation book">Amini, Iradj (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n5IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA12">Napoleon and Persia</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-934211-58-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-934211-58-1"><bdi>978-0-934211-58-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+and+Persia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-934211-58-1&rft.aulast=Amini&rft.aufirst=Iradj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn5IOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArcherFerrisHerwig2002" class="citation book">Archer, Christon I.; Ferris, John R.; Herwig, Holger H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch">World History of Warfare</a>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8032-4423-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8032-4423-8"><bdi>978-0-8032-4423-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History+of+Warfare&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-4423-8&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Christon+I.&rft.au=Ferris%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Herwig%2C+Holger+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldhistoryofwa00arch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAstarita2005" class="citation book">Astarita, Tommaso (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweensaltwater00tomm">Between Salt Water And Holy Water: A History Of Southern Italy</a>. W.W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-393-05864-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-393-05864-2"><bdi>978-0-393-05864-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Salt+Water+And+Holy+Water%3A+A+History+Of+Southern+Italy&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05864-2&rft.aulast=Astarita&rft.aufirst=Tommaso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweensaltwater00tomm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBell2007" class="citation book">Bell, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firsttotalwarnap00bell">The First Total War</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (dim tudalen ar gael)">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-618-34965-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-618-34965-4"><bdi>978-0-618-34965-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Total+War&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-618-34965-4&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirsttotalwarnap00bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBordes2007" class="citation book">Bordes, Philippe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacqueslouisdavi0000bord">Jacques-Louis David</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-300-12346-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-300-12346-3"><bdi>978-0-300-12346-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques-Louis+David&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12346-3&rft.aulast=Bordes&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjacqueslouisdavi0000bord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2000" class="citation book">Brooks, Richard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldmili0000harp">Atlas of World Military History</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7607-2025-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7607-2025-7"><bdi>978-0-7607-2025-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+World+Military+History&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-2025-7&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofworldmili0000harp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChandler1966" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_G._Chandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David G. Chandler (dim tudalen ar gael)">Chandler, David</a> (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/campaignsofnapol00chan">The Campaigns of Napoleon</a>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-02-523660-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-02-523660-8"><bdi>978-0-02-523660-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/740560411">740560411</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Campaigns+of+Napoleon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F740560411&rft.isbn=978-0-02-523660-8&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcampaignsofnapol00chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChandler1973" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_G._Chandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David G. Chandler (dim tudalen ar gael)">Chandler, David</a> (1973) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleon0000chan">Napoleon</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9780841502543" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9780841502543"><bdi>9780841502543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780841502543&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleon0000chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChesney2006" class="citation book">Chesney, Charles (2006). Waterloo Lectures:A Study Of The Campaign Of 1815. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4286-4988-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4286-4988-0"><bdi>978-1-4286-4988-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waterloo+Lectures%3AA+Study+Of+The+Campaign+Of+1815&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4286-4988-0&rft.aulast=Chesney&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Clausewitz, Carl von (2018). Napoleon's 1796 Italian Campaign. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-2676-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-2676-2">978-0-7006-2676-2</a></li> <li>Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-3025-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-3025-7">978-0-7006-3025-7</a></li> <li>Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-3034-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7006-3034-9">978-0-7006-3034-9</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFConnelly2006" class="citation book">Connelly, Owen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blunderingtoglor00conn_0">Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7425-5318-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7425-5318-7"><bdi>978-0-7425-5318-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blundering+to+Glory%3A+Napoleon%27s+Military+Campaigns&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5318-7&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblunderingtoglor00conn_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCordingly2004" class="citation book">Cordingly, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billyruffianbell0000cord">The Billy Ruffian: The Bellerophon and the Downfall of Napoleon</a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-58234-468-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-58234-468-3"><bdi>978-1-58234-468-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billy+Ruffian%3A+The+Bellerophon+and+the+Downfall+of+Napoleon&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58234-468-3&rft.aulast=Cordingly&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillyruffianbell0000cord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCullen2008" class="citation book">Cullen, William (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isarsenicaphrodi0000cull">Is Arsenic an Aphrodisiac?</a>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85404-363-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85404-363-7"><bdi>978-0-85404-363-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+Arsenic+an+Aphrodisiac%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-85404-363-7&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisarsenicaphrodi0000cull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Dobi.A. 1974. “For the Emperor-Bibliophile, Only the Very Best.” Wilson Library Bulletin 49 (November): 229–33.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDriskel1993" class="citation book">Driskel, Paul (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asbefitslegendbu0000dris">As Befits a Legend</a>. Kent State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-87338-484-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-87338-484-1"><bdi>978-0-87338-484-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As+Befits+a+Legend&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-484-1&rft.aulast=Driskel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasbefitslegendbu0000dris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="Esdaile" class="citation book">Esdaile, Charles J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peninsularwarnew00esda">The Peninsular War: A New History</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4039-6231-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4039-6231-7"><bdi>978-1-4039-6231-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peninsular+War%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6231-7&rft.aulast=Esdaile&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeninsularwarnew00esda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2001" class="citation book">Flynn, George Q. (2001). Conscription and democracy: The Draft in France, Great Britain, and the United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-31912-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-313-31912-9"><bdi>978-0-313-31912-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscription+and+democracy%3A+The+Draft+in+France%2C+Great+Britain%2C+and+the+United+States&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31912-9&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=George+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFremont-BarnesFisher2004" class="citation book">Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Fisher, Todd (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonicwarsri0000frem">The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire</a>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84176-831-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84176-831-1"><bdi>978-1-84176-831-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+an+Empire&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-831-1&rft.aulast=Fremont-Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonicwarsri0000frem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFulghum2007" class="citation web">Fulghum, Neil (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726174840/http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/gallery/napo.html">"Death Mask of Napoleon"</a>. University of North Carolina. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/gallery/napo.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 26 July 2013. Cyrchwyd 4 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+Mask+of+Napoleon&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Fulghum&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.unc.edu%2Fncc%2Fgallery%2Fnapo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGates2001" class="citation book">Gates, David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7">The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War</a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-306-81083-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-306-81083-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81083-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Ulcer%3A+A+History+of+the+Peninsular+War&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81083-1&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGates2003" class="citation book">Gates, David (2003). The Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815. Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7126-0719-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7126-0719-3"><bdi>978-0-7126-0719-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars%2C+1803%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-0719-3&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGill,_John_H.2014" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Gill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Gill (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gill, John H.</a> (2014). 1809: Thunder on the Danube - Napoleon's Defeat of the Habsburgs, Vol. 1. London: Frontline Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-184415-713-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-184415-713-6"><bdi>978-184415-713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1809%3A+Thunder+on+the+Danube+-+Napoleon%27s+Defeat+of+the+Habsburgs%2C+Vol.+1&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frontline+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-184415-713-6&rft.au=Gill%2C+John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGodechot,_JacquesBéatrice_Fry_HyslopDavid_Lloyd_Dowd1971" class="citation book">Godechot, Jacques; et al. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9rFmAAAAMAAJ">The Napoleonic era in Europe</a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-084166-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-084166-8"><bdi>978-0-03-084166-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+era+in+Europe&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-03-084166-8&rft.au=Godechot%2C+Jacques&rft.au=B%C3%A9atrice+Fry+Hyslop&rft.au=David+Lloyd+Dowd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9rFmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrab2003" class="citation book">Grab, Alexander (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleontransfor0000grab">Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-333-68275-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-333-68275-3"><bdi>978-0-333-68275-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+and+the+Transformation+of+Europe&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-333-68275-3&rft.aulast=Grab&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleontransfor0000grab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHall2006" class="citation book">Hall, Stephen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sizemattershowhe00hall">Size Matters</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sizemattershowhe00hall/page/181">181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-618-47040-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-618-47040-2"><bdi>978-0-618-47040-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Size+Matters&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-618-47040-2&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsizemattershowhe00hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2006" class="citation book">Harvey, Robert (2006). The War of Wars. Robinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84529-635-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-84529-635-3"><bdi>978-1-84529-635-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+Wars&rft.pub=Robinson&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84529-635-3&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Hindmarsh, J. Thomas; Savory, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/54/12/2092">"The Death of Napoleon, Cancer or Arsenic?"</a>. Clinical Chemistry 54 (12): 2092. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2008.117358">10.1373/clinchem.2008.117358</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/54/12/2092">http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/54/12/2092</a>. Adalwyd 10 October 2010.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKarsh2001" class="citation book">Karsh, Inari (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UBilaKRKkC&pg=PA11">Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-00541-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-00541-9"><bdi>978-0-674-00541-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Sand%3A+The+Struggle+for+Mastery+in+the+Middle+East%2C+1789%E2%80%931923&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00541-9&rft.aulast=Karsh&rft.aufirst=Inari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUBilaKRKkC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wicipedia:Pydredd_dolen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wicipedia:Pydredd dolen (dim tudalen ar gael)">dolen farw</a>]</li> <li>Mowat, R.B. (1924) The Diplomacy of Napoleon (1924) 350 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.80819">online</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2003" class="citation web">O'Connor, J; Robertson, E F (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Measurement.html">"The history of measurement"</a>. St Andrew's University. Cyrchwyd 18 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+measurement&rft.pub=St+Andrew%27s+University&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FMeasurement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li>Poulos, Anthi (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ijli28&div=12&id=&page=">"1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict"</a>. International Journal of Legal Information 28: 1–44. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0731126500008842">10.1017/S0731126500008842</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ijli28&div=12&id=&page=">http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ijli28&div=12&id=&page=</a>.</li> <li>Richardson, Hubert N.B. A Dictionary of Napoleon and His Times (1921) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnapo00rich">online free</a> 489pp</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2004" class="citation book">Roberts, Chris (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdMZqhMzfpYC&pg=PR9">Heavy Words Lightly Thrown</a>. Granta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86207-765-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86207-765-2"><bdi>978-1-86207-765-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heavy+Words+Lightly+Thrown&rft.pub=Granta&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86207-765-2&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdMZqhMzfpYC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchom1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Schom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Schom (dim tudalen ar gael)">Schom, Alan</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonbonapart00scho">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-06-017214-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-06-017214-5"><bdi>978-0-06-017214-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+Bonaparte&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-06-017214-5&rft.aulast=Schom&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonbonapart00scho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder,_Paul_W.1996" class="citation book">Schroeder, Paul W. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BS2z3iGPCigC">The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848</a>. Oxford U.P. tt. 177–560. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5"><bdi>978-0-19-820654-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+European+Politics+1763%E2%80%931848&rft.pages=177-560&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820654-5&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Paul+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBS2z3iGPCigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> advanced diplomatic history of Napoleon and his era</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchwarzfuchs1979" class="citation book">Schwarzfuchs, Simon (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonjewssanh0000schw">Napoleon, the Jews and the Sanhedrin</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-710023-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-710023-3"><bdi>978-0-19-710023-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%2C+the+Jews+and+the+Sanhedrin&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-19-710023-3&rft.aulast=Schwarzfuchs&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonjewssanh0000schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatson2003" class="citation book">Watson, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&pg=PA13">Tricolor and crescent</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-97470-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-97470-1"><bdi>978-0-275-97470-1</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 12 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tricolor+and+crescent&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97470-1&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do4vrUbMK5eEC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSicker2001" class="citation book">Sicker, Martin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BzMJys65u9wC&pg=PA99">The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire</a>. Greenwood. t. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-96891-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-275-96891-5"><bdi>978-0-275-96891-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+World+in+Decline%3A+From+the+Treaty+of+Karlowitz+to+the+Disintegration+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96891-5&rft.aulast=Sicker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBzMJys65u9wC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWells1992" class="citation book">Wells, David (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000well">The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-14-011813-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-14-011813-1"><bdi>978-0-14-011813-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Dictionary+of+Curious+and+Interesting+Geometry&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-011813-1&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpenguindictionar0000well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gweler_hefyd">Gweler hefyd</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Gweler hefyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Gweler hefyd">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhyfeloedd_Napoleon" title="Rhyfeloedd Napoleon">Rhyfeloedd Napoleon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_I,_ymerawdwr_Ffrainc&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> Roberts, A. (2016).  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCochran2015" class="citation book">Cochran, Peter (16 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vobWCgAAQBAJ&q=without+spilling+a+drop+of+blood&pg=PR7">Byron, Napoleon, J.C. Hobhouse, and the Hundred Days</a>. London: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. t. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1443877428" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1443877428"><bdi>978-1443877428</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 14 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byron%2C+Napoleon%2C+J.C.+Hobhouse%2C+and+the+Hundred+Days&rft.place=London&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft.isbn=978-1443877428&rft.aulast=Cochran&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvobWCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwithout%2Bspilling%2Ba%2Bdrop%2Bof%2Bblood%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFForrest2015" class="citation book">Forrest, Alan (26 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qt6LBgAAQBAJ&q=without+spilling+a+drop+of+blood&pg=PP1">Waterloo: Great Battles</a>. Oxford University Press. t. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0199663255" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0199663255"><bdi>978-0199663255</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 14 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waterloo%3A+Great+Battles&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.isbn=978-0199663255&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqt6LBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwithout%2Bspilling%2Ba%2Bdrop%2Bof%2Bblood%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGueniffey2015" class="citation book">Gueniffey, Patrice (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OqlKCAAAQBAJ">Bonaparte</a>. Harvard University Press. tt. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-42601-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-674-42601-6"><bdi>978-0-674-42601-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bonaparte&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.isbn=978-0-674-42601-6&rft.aulast=Gueniffey&rft.aufirst=Patrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOqlKCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-dwyerxv-7"><a href="#cite_ref-dwyerxv_7-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-8"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_8-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-9">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0">9.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1">9.1</a> Cronin 1994, pp. 20–21 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFChamberlain1896" class="citation book">Chamberlain, Alexander (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fcYZlz0ezQUC&q=%22The+future+destiny+of+the+child+is+always+the+work+of+the+mother%22&pg=PA385">The Child and Childhood in Folk Thought: (The Child in Primitive Culture), p. 385</a> (yn Saesneg). MacMillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Child+and+Childhood+in+Folk+Thought%3A+%28The+Child+in+Primitive+Culture%29%2C+p.+385&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfcYZlz0ezQUC%26q%3D%2522The%2Bfuture%2Bdestiny%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bchild%2Bis%2Balways%2Bthe%2Bwork%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bmother%2522%26pg%3DPA385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Cronin 1994, p. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0">12.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1">12.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-2">12.2</a> International School History (8 February 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LquhSEdVfK8">Napoleon's Rise to Power</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LquhSEdVfK8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LquhSEdVfK8</a>, adalwyd 29 January 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFJohnson2006" class="citation book">Johnson, Paul (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Uay5jAhXZIC&q=napoleon+bonaparte+early+life">Napoleon: A Life</a> (yn Saesneg). Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-14-303745-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-14-303745-3"><bdi>978-0-14-303745-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303745-3&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Uay5jAhXZIC%26q%3Dnapoleon%2Bbonaparte%2Bearly%2Blife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rxvi-14">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rxvi_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxvi_14-1">14.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxvi_14-2">14.2</a> Roberts 2001, p. xvi </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1">15.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-2">15.2</a> <cite id="CITEREFMurari·Culture·2019" class="citation web">Murari·Culture·, Edoardo (20 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://italicsmag.com/2019/08/20/italians-of-the-past-napoleon-bonaparte/">"Italians Of The Past: Napoleon Bonaparte"</a>. Italics Magazine (yn Saesneg). Cyrchwyd 24 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Italics+Magazine&rft.atitle=Italians+Of+The+Past%3A+Napoleon+Bonaparte&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=Murari%C2%B7Culture%C2%B7&rft.aufirst=Edoardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitalicsmag.com%2F2019%2F08%2F20%2Fitalians-of-the-past-napoleon-bonaparte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2014-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2014_16-0">16.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2014_16-1">16.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2014">Roberts 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0">17.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-1">17.1</a> Parker, Harold T. (1971). "The Formation of Napoleon's Personality: An Exploratory Essay". French Historical Studies 7 (1): 6–26. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F286104">10.2307/286104</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/286104">286104</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdams2014" class="citation book">Adams, Michael (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5UaAwAAQBAJ&q=napoleon+first+language&pg=PA21">Napoleon and Russia</a> (yn Saesneg). A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8264-4212-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8264-4212-3"><bdi>978-0-8264-4212-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon+and+Russia&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-4212-3&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5UaAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnapoleon%2Bfirst%2Blanguage%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGrégoire1790" class="citation web">Grégoire, Henri (1790). <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Rapport_sur_la_n%C3%A9cessit%C3%A9_et_les_moyens_d%E2%80%99an%C3%A9antir_les_patois_et_d%E2%80%99universaliser_l%E2%80%99usage_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise">"Report on the necessity and means to annihilate the patois and to universalise the use of the French language"</a>. Wikisource (yn Ffrangeg). Paris: French National Convention. Cyrchwyd 16 January 2020. <q>[...] the number of people who speak it purely does not exceed three million; and probably the number of those who write it correctly is even fewer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikisource&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+necessity+and+means+to+annihilate+the+patois+and+to+universalise+the+use+of+the+French+language&rft.date=1790&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%A9goire&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FRapport_sur_la_n%25C3%25A9cessit%25C3%25A9_et_les_moyens_d%25E2%2580%2599an%25C3%25A9antir_les_patois_et_d%25E2%2580%2599universaliser_l%25E2%2580%2599usage_de_la_langue_fran%25C3%25A7aise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1973-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1973_22-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFChandler1973">Chandler 1973</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-dwyer42-23">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-dwyer42_23-0">23.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dwyer42_23-1">23.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-RobertsCh1-25"><a href="#cite_ref-RobertsCh1_25-0">↑</a> Roberts, Andrew. </li> <li id="cite_note-RobertsCh2-26"><a href="#cite_ref-RobertsCh2_26-0">↑</a> Roberts, Andrew. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavid_Nicholls1999" class="citation book">David Nicholls (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonbiograph00nich">Napoleon: A Biographical Companion</a>. ABC-CLIO. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/napoleonbiograph00nich/page/131">131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-87436-957-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-87436-957-1"><bdi>978-0-87436-957-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Biographical+Companion&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87436-957-1&rft.au=David+Nicholls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnapoleonbiograph00nich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 61 </li> <li id="cite_note-rxviii-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rxviii_30-0">30.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxviii_30-1">30.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxviii_30-2">30.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxviii_30-3">30.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxviii_30-4">30.4</a> Roberts 2001, p. xviii </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFRoberts2011" class="citation book">Roberts, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rjVBAwAAQBAJ">Napoleon: A Life</a> (yn Saesneg). Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-698-17628-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-698-17628-7"><bdi>978-0-698-17628-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-698-17628-7&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrjVBAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 132 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Dwyer, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 76 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Patrice Gueniffey, Bonaparte: 1769–1802 (Harvard UP, 2015), pp. 137–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 157 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, tt. 76, 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-m96-42">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-m96_42-0">42.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-m96_42-1">42.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 96 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Johnson 2002, p. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCarlyle1896" class="citation web">Carlyle, Thomas (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320102238/https://books.google.com/books?id=qPMNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA320#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The works of Thomas Carlyle – The French Revolution, vol. III, book 3.VII"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qPMNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA320">gwreiddiol</a> ar 20 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+works+of+Thomas+Carlyle+%E2%80%93+The+French+Revolution%2C+vol.+III%2C+book+3.VII&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Carlyle&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqPMNAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANapoleon+I%2C+ymerawdwr+Ffrainc" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Englund (2010) pp. 92–94 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell201529-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell201529_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBell2015">Bell 2015</a>, t. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, tt. 284–85 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, pp 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 145 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 142 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> Harvey 2006, p. 179 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 135 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 306 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 305 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBell201530-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBell201530_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBell2015">Bell 2015</a>, t. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 322 </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Watson_58-0">↑</a> Watson 2003, pp. 13–14 </li> <li id="cite_note-Amini-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Amini_59-0">↑</a> Amini 2000, p. 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Englund (2010) pp. 127–28 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a>, t. 175 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-rxx-65">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rxx_65-0">65.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxx_65-1">65.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rxx_65-2">65.2</a> Roberts 2001, p. xx </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1998">McLynn 1998</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> Gueniffey, Bonaparte: 1769–1802 pp. 500–02. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 442 </li> <li id="cite_note-egyptreturn-71">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-egyptreturn_71-0">71.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-egyptreturn_71-1">71.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-egyptreturn_71-2">71.2</a> Connelly 2006, p. 57 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 444 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwyer2008a">Dwyer 2008a</a>, t. 455 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> François Furet, The French Revolution, 1770–1814 (1996), p. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit 1799–1807 (1969), pp. 60–68 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyons,_Martyn_1994,_p._111-76">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyons,_Martyn_1994,_p._111_76-0">76.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyons,_Martyn_1994,_p._111_76-1">76.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFLyons1994">Lyons 1994</a>, t. 111 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> Lefebvre, Napoleon from 18 Brumaire to Tilsit 1799–1807 (1969), pp. 71–92 </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Rhagflaenydd: <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XVI, brenin Ffrainc">Louis XVI</a> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}"><a href="/wiki/Brenhinoedd_Ffrainc" title="Brenhinoedd Ffrainc">Ymerawdwr Ffrainc</a> <a href="/wiki/18_Mai" title="18 Mai">18 Mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a> – <a href="/wiki/6_Ebrill" title="6 Ebrill">6 Ebrill</a> <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Olynydd: <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XVIII, brenin Ffrainc">Louis XVIII</a> fel Brenin Ffrainc a Navarre </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Rhagflaenydd: <a href="/wiki/Ffransis_II,_Ymerawdwr_Gl%C3%A2n_Rhufeinig" title="Ffransis II, Ymerawdwr Glân Rhufeinig">Ffransis II</a> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}"><a href="/wiki/Brenhinoedd_yr_Eidal" title="Brenhinoedd yr Eidal">Brenin yr Eidal</a> <a href="/wiki/26_Mai" title="26 Mai">26 Mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1804" title="1804">1804</a> – <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Olynydd: Dim (o 1861 <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_II,_brenin_yr_Eidal" title="Vittorio Emanuele II, brenin yr Eidal">Vittorio Emanuele II</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Rhagflaenydd: <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis XVIII, brenin Ffrainc">Louis XVIII</a> fel Brenin Ffrainc a Navarre </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}"><a href="/wiki/Brenhinoedd_Ffrainc" title="Brenhinoedd Ffrainc">Ymerawdwr Ffrainc</a> <a href="/wiki/23_Mawrth" title="23 Mawrth">23 Mawrth</a> <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> – <a href="/wiki/22_Mehefin" title="22 Mehefin">22 Mehefin</a> <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rhesi}}}">Olynydd: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_II,_brenin_Ffrainc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon II, brenin Ffrainc (dim tudalen ar gael)">Napoleon II</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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