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Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Soil</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Soil-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Soil subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Soil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soil_contamination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil_contamination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Soil contamination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil_contamination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Noise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_management_in_Belgium&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Belgium">Waste management in Belgium</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png/220px-Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png/330px-Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png/440px-Belgium_Brussels_panorama_picture.png 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>environment of Belgium</b> is generally affected by the high population density in most of the country. However, due to consistent efforts by the various levels of government in Belgium, the state of the environment in Belgium is gradually improving. These efforts have led to Belgium being ranked as <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Index" title="Environmental Performance Index">one of the top 10 countries</a> (9 out of 132) in terms of environmental protection trends. However, water quality still suffers from a relatively low, yet increasing percentage of sewage waste-water treatment, and from <a href="/wiki/Legacy_pollution" title="Legacy pollution">historical pollution</a> accumulated in sediments. Air quality is generally good to average, but is affected by emissions from traffic and house heating, and industrial air pollution blowing over from the neighboring heavily industrialized Ruhr-area in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biodiversity is lower in Flanders than in Wallonia because of population density and fragmentation of habitats, but efforts are being made to boost bio-diversity through connecting fragmented forests and national parks through <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_crossing" title="Wildlife crossing">wildlife crossing</a> "ecoducts" such as in Kikbeek.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belgium has one of Europe's highest waste recycling rates. In particular, the Flemish region of Belgium has the highest waste diversion rate in Europe. Almost 75% of the residential waste produced there is reused, recycled, or composted.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/State_reform_in_Belgium" title="State reform in Belgium">1993 State Reform</a>, the environment is a regional responsibility, with the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Walloon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels-Capital Region">Brussels-Capital Regions</a> responsible for environmental matters in their respective territories. This has led to differences in legislation and separation of measurements and publication of statistics. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air">Air</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_water.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Belgium_water.png/220px-Belgium_water.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Belgium_water.png/330px-Belgium_water.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Belgium_water.png/440px-Belgium_water.png 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In Flanders, emission of non-methane <a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">VOCs</a> has decreased from 200 kton in 1990 to around 100 kton in 2006, because of lower emissions from transport and industry. These two however remain the most important VOC polluters.<sup id="cite_ref-mira_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric particulate matter">Particulate matter</a> emissions and environmental concentrations have decreased since 1995, but little improvement is visible since 2000. <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> targets for average daily <a href="/wiki/PM10" class="mw-redirect" title="PM10">PM10</a> concentrations in 2005 have not been met and a significant increase was seen in 2006 compared to 2005. The problem is mostly situated in cities and industrial areas.<sup id="cite_ref-mira_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Total acidifying emissions have decreased very rapidly since 1990, but NOx still remains a problem. Half of NOx emissions are due to transport.<sup id="cite_ref-mira_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Photo-chemical air pollution remains a problem. On hot summer days, ozone levels frequently surpass EU targets. In 2006, the average was 6970 ug/m3 while the EU target is 5800 ug/m3.<sup id="cite_ref-mira_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greenhouse gas emissions have fallen from 90 Mton CO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2003 to 85 Mton CO<sub>2</sub>-eq in 2006. The <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> target for Flanders is 82.5 Mton during the period 2008-2012.<sup id="cite_ref-mira_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mira-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belgium was poorly ranked in the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Performance_Index" title="Climate Change Performance Index">Climate Change Performance Index</a> due to the lack of regional teamwork. Wallonia has decreased its emissions by 34%<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 1990, the highest reduction rate out of the three regions. It was the only region to respect the uletrior targets set by the European Commission, while Flanders and Brussels had poorer performance. This high reduction was mainly due to the 58% CO<sub>2</sub> decrease in the industrial sector, by closing a huge part of its coal and steel industry. Wallonia is, thus, the only region following European expectations, although the use of the car remains relatively high due to hilly terrain. </p><p>Many of the airports in Belgium have been carbon neutral relative to their activities since 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waste_Treatment">Waste Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Waste Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the generation of hazardous industrial waste remains high relative to population, Belgians generate less municipal waste than its neighbours, with 416 kilograms per capita compared to a European average of 505 kilograms. Belgium is also a leader in municipal waste treatment, with 98,5% of the waste recycled (34%), composted (20%), incinerated with energy recovery (42%), and anaerobically digested (2,5%). Only 1,5% of municipal waste ends up to definitive disposal (either through landfills or brute incineration), which means a bit more than 5 kgs per capita. </p><p>Belgium also has the best packaging recycling program, with its 88%. 100% of the glass thrown away is recycled, as well as 98% of metal, aluminum and wood, 93% of paper and card board, however, plastic remains relatively low, with only 44% of it recycled.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The generation of industrial waste is relatively high, as mentioned previously, but on average, 96% is treated, either in Europe or in Asian countries. Until 2021, when some asian countries banned certain quantities of waste exported to their countries, Belgium was a big exporter of industrial waste in Turkey, Malaysia, and China, where it was recycled or incinerated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water">Water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Belgium still faces challenges such as river <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a>, on average, the water quality is improving quickly, mainly because of increasing waste-water treatment. In recent years, salmon and trout is seen again in Belgium's main rivers. Moreover, according to the EU Commission (2015 report), the water quality at the Belgian coast was ranked excellent in over two out of three locations (i.e. 17) where samples were taken.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.hln.be/hln/nl/957/Binnenland/article/detail/2237240/2015/03/02/Uitstekende-waterkwaliteit-in-twee-op-de-drie-zwemzones-aan-Belgische-kust.dhtml">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soil">Soil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belgium has a relatively flat but diverse landscape and a variety of soils throughout the country. </p><p>Belgium has cooler and wetter conditions compared to much of the rest of Europe due to the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> has mostly sandy and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> soil types due to the region's location near the sea. <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> has a more hilly terrain with the soil composed of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">phyllites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shales" class="mw-redirect" title="Shales">shales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandstones">sandstones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soil_contamination">Soil contamination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Soil contamination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of Flanders used thermal processes to extract <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> from zinc ore until 1970, resulting in heavy metal contamination in the area. In the south of Belgium, the deposition of airborne pollutants from the industrial areas of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> is contributing to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Soil_contamination" title="Soil contamination">soil contamination</a> in acid sandy soils. Agricultural areas have high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Phosphates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphates">phosphates</a> due to heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilizers">fertilizers</a> in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noise">Noise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Noise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Car traffic is the main cause of <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> in Belgium, with noise from <a href="/wiki/Trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Trains">trains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Airplanes">airplanes</a>, and other transportation methods as contributing factors.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to reduce noise pollution, the capital region of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> has announced several measures including support for quieter public and private transport fleets, extension of limited speed zones, increased use of quiet road pavement, and promotion of using acoustic insulators in construction and renovation of new buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy">Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bit less than 70% of Belgium's overall energy supply comes from fossil fuels, which is under the OECD limit of 79%, but relatively high to many countries in Europe. Due to its lack of potential for renewable energy, nuclear energy dominates the clean energy sector. </p><p>Wallonia is able to get its energy from cleaner sources than in Flanders due to the fact that its electricity consumption is lower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the approach of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, a <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgische_Rode_lijst_(planten)" class="extiw" title="nl:Belgische Rode lijst (planten)">Red List</a> was created for Belgium. </p><p>In regards to the native fish species, a list can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fish.mongabay.com/data/Belgium.htm">here</a>. At present, 8 of the 12 migratory fish (found in Belgium's rivers) are threatened. These include Coregonus oxyrinchus, Coregonus lavaretus, Alosa alosa, Acipenser sturio, Petromyzon marinus, Salmo salar, Alosa fallax, Salmo trutta trutta<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pan-European ecological network <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> covers 428,908 hectares in Belgium, representing 12.6% of the land area and 12% of the territorial waters.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Famous protected areas include the <a href="/wiki/High_Fens" title="High Fens">High Fens</a>, Belgium's first national park, and the <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Kempen_National_Park" title="Hoge Kempen National Park">Hoge Kempen National Park</a>, which is the newest <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in Belgium, and opened in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forests">Forests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belgium had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 1.36/10, ranking it 163rd globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forests cover ~29% of Belgium's territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/environment/">"OECD Better Life Index"</a>. <i>www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org&rft.atitle=OECD+Better+Life+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecdbetterlifeindex.org%2Ftopics%2Fenvironment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironment+of+Belgium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimapia.org/8772888/nl/Ecoduct-Kikbeek">"Ecoduct Kikbeek - Wikimapia"</a>. <i>wikimapia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wikimapia.org&rft.atitle=Ecoduct+Kikbeek+-+Wikimapia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikimapia.org%2F8772888%2Fnl%2FEcoduct-Kikbeek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironment+of+Belgium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/01/europes-best-recycling-prevention-program/2013/01/europes-best-recycling-prevention-program/">"Belgium Hosts Europe's Best Recycling and Prevention Program"</a>. <i>Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Triple+Pundit%3A+People%2C+Planet%2C+Profit&rft.atitle=Belgium+Hosts+Europe%27s+Best+Recycling+and+Prevention+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.triplepundit.com%2F2013%2F01%2Feuropes-best-recycling-prevention-program%2F2013%2F01%2Feuropes-best-recycling-prevention-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironment+of+Belgium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/dsd_aofw_ni/ni_pdfs/NationalReports/belgium/WasteManagement.pdf">"UN Belgium Waste Management Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Albania" title="Environmental issues in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bulgaria" title="Environmental issues in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Finland" title="Environmental issues in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Greece" title="Environmental issues in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan" title="Environmental issues in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_North_Macedonia" title="Environmental issues in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Environmental issues in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Serbia" title="Environmental issues in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&oldid=1234433005#Waste_Treatment">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environment_of_Belgium&oldid=1234433005#Waste_Treatment</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a 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