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id="toc-Contributions_to_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributions_to_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Contributions to society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contributions_to_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Contributions to society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Contributions_to_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Educational initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osmania_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmania_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Osmania University </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmania_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_of_major_public_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_major_public_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Construction of major public buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_major_public_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_Hyderabad_State_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_Hyderabad_State_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Hyderabad_State_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flood_prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flood_prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Flood prevention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flood_prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Agricultural reforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contribution_to_Indian_aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contribution_to_Indian_aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Contribution to Indian aviation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contribution_to_Indian_aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Philanthropy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Philanthropy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Donations_to_Hindu_temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donations_to_Hindu_temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Donations to Hindu temples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donations_to_Hindu_temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Restoration_of_Ramappa_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_of_Ramappa_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Restoration of Ramappa temple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_of_Ramappa_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donation_towards_golden_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donation_towards_golden_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Donation towards golden temple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donation_towards_golden_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donation_towards_the_compilation_of_Holy_Mahabharata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donation_towards_the_compilation_of_Holy_Mahabharata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Donation towards the compilation of Holy Mahabharata </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donation_towards_the_compilation_of_Holy_Mahabharata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donation_in_Gold_to_the_National_Defence_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donation_in_Gold_to_the_National_Defence_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donation_in_Gold_to_the_National_Defence_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donations_to_educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donations_to_educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Donations to educational institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donations_to_educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_of_Ajanta_Ellora_caves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_of_Ajanta_Ellora_caves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_of_Ajanta_Ellora_caves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donations_to_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donations_to_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Donations to Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donations_to_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firman_to_ban_public_cow_slaughter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firman_to_ban_public_cow_slaughter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Firman to ban public cow slaughter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firman_to_ban_public_cow_slaughter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Polo_and_abdication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Polo_and_abdication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Operation Polo and abdication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Polo_and_abdication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Wealth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Wealth subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gift_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gift_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Gift to Queen Elizabeth II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gift_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Final years and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Title_and_salutation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title_and_salutation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Title and salutation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Title_and_salutation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Title and salutation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Title_and_salutation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salutation_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salutation_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Salutation style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salutation_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_Titular_Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_Titular_Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Full Titular Name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_Titular_Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_eponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_eponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Honours and eponyms </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_eponyms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honours and eponyms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_eponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Eponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Eponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 List of Eponyms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Eponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mir Osman Ali Khan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عثمان علي خان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عثمان علي خان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Osman_%C6%8Fli_xan_Siddiqi" title="Mir Osman Əli xan Siddiqi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mir Osman Əli xan Siddiqi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="উসমান আলি খান, সপ্তম আসাফ জাহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উসমান আলি খান, সপ্তম আসাফ জাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VII" title="Asaf Jah VII – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Asaf Jah VII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VII." title="Asaf Jah VII. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asaf Jah VII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VII" title="Asaf Jah VII – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asaf Jah VII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_Jah_la_7-a" title="Asaf Jah la 7-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Asaf Jah la 7-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عثمان علی خان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عثمان علی خان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_J%C3%A2h_VII" title="Asaf Jâh VII – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asaf Jâh VII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मीर उस्मान अली ख़ान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मीर उस्मान अली ख़ान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_VII" title="Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ali_Khan,_Asif_Jah_VII" title="Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%27%D7%90%D7%9F" title="אוסמאן עלי ח'אן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסמאן עלי ח'אן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98,_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90_VII" title="ოსმან ალი ხანი, აზაფ ჯა VII – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმან ალი ხანი, აზაფ ჯა VII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._Aszaf_Dzsah_niz%C3%A1m" title="VII. Aszaf Dzsah nizám – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VII. Aszaf Dzsah nizám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB,_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE_VII" title="ഉസ്മാൻ അലി ഖാൻ, ആസാഫ് ജാ VII – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉസ്മാൻ അലി ഖാൻ, ആസാഫ് ജാ VII" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="मीर उस्मान अली खान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मीर उस्मान अली खान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عثمان على خان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عثمان على خان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ウスマーン・アリー・ハーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウスマーン・アリー・ハーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VII_av_Hyderabad" title="Asaf Jah VII av Hyderabad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Asaf Jah VII av Hyderabad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نواب میر عثمان علی خان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نواب میر عثمان علی خان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assafe_J%C3%A1_VII" title="Assafe Já VII – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assafe Já VII" data-language-autonym="Português" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mir Osman Ali Khan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Muminin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir al-Muminin">Amir al-Muminin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg/220px-Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg/330px-Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg/440px-Usman_Ali_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Mir Osman Ali Khan in 1926</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad#List_of_Nizams_of_Hyderabad_(1724–1948)" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1911 – 17 September 1948 Titular: 17 September 1948 – 24 February 1967<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1911<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahbub_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI">Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Title abolished <a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Jah" title="Mukarram Jah">Barkat Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VIII</a> (titular)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hyderabad_State" title="List of prime ministers of Hyderabad State">Prime minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kishen_Pershad" title="Kishen Pershad">Kishen Pershad</a> <a href="/wiki/Mir_Yousuf_Ali_Khan,_Salar_Jung_III" title="Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III">Salar Jung III</a> Sayyid Ali Imam Faridoon-ul-Mulk Wali-ud-Daula <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Hydari" title="Akbar Hydari">Akbar Hydari</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad_Said_Khan_Chhatari" title="Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari">Nawab of Chhatari</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Ismail" title="Mirza Muhammad Ismail">Mirza Muhammad Ismail</a> Nawab of Chhatari <a href="/wiki/Mir_Laiq_Ali" title="Mir Laiq Ali">Mir Laiq Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1886-04-05)5 April 1886<a href="#cite_note-Jagannath-3">[3]</a> or (1886-04-06)6 April 1886 <a href="/wiki/Purani_Haveli" title="Purani Haveli">Purani Haveli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 1967 (aged 80) <a href="/wiki/King_Kothi_Palace" title="King Kothi Palace">King Kothi Palace</a>, Kingdom of Hyderabad, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Judi_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Judi Mosque">Judi Mosque</a>, (opposite <a href="/wiki/King_Kothi_Palace" title="King Kothi Palace">King Kothi Palace</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, Andhra Pradesh, India (now in Telangana, India)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Azam-un-Nisa Begum</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1906; died 1955)</div> Shahzada Begum Ikbal Begum Gowhar Begum <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mazhar-un-Nisa Begum</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1923; died 1964)</div> Leila Begum Jani Begum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a> <a href="#Family">Among others</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a> <a href="/wiki/Moazzam_Jah" title="Moazzam Jah">Moazzam Jah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahbub_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI">Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Amat-uz-Zahra Begum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State"><img alt="Hyderabad State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg/23px-Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg/35px-Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg/46px-Asafia_flag_of_Hyderabad_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="328" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State_Forces" title="Hyderabad State Forces">Hyderabad State Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1911 - 1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Mir</a> Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII (5<a href="#cite_note-Jaganath-5">[5]</a> or 6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> was the last <a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> (ruler) of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, the largest state in the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Indian_Empire_(1876%E2%80%931947)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Empire (1876–1947)">Indian Empire</a>. He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911, at the age of 25<a href="#cite_note-Dona-8">[8]</a> and ruled the State of Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948, until the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Indian Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">annexed</a> it.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> He was styled as <a href="/wiki/His_Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="His Exalted Highness">His Exalted Highness (H.E.H)</a> the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Time_1937-02-22-10">[10]</a> and was widely considered one of the world's wealthiest people of all time.<a href="#cite_note-zupan-11">[11]</a> With some estimates placing his wealth at 2% of U.S. GDP,<a href="#cite_note-zupan-11">[11]</a> his portrait was on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> As a semi-autonomous monarch, he had his mint, printing his currency, the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a>, and had a private treasury that was said to contain £100 million in gold and silver bullion, and a further £400 million of jewels (in 2008 terms).<a href="#cite_note-zupan-11">[11]</a> The major source of his wealth was the <a href="/wiki/Golconda_diamonds" title="Golconda diamonds">Golconda mines</a>, the only supplier of <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a> in the world at that time.<a href="#cite_note-jhala-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Among them was the <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Diamond" title="Jacob Diamond">Jacob Diamond</a>, valued at some £50 million (in 2008 terms),<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and used by the Nizam as a <a href="/wiki/Paperweight" title="Paperweight">paperweight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> During his 37-year rule, electricity was introduced, and railways, roads, and airports were developed. He was known as the "Architect of modern Hyderabad" and is credited with establishing many public institutions in the city of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osmania_General_Hospital" title="Osmania General Hospital">Osmania General Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Hyderabad" title="State Bank of Hyderabad">State Bank of Hyderabad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Begumpet_Airport" title="Begumpet Airport">Begumpet Airport</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad High Court">Hyderabad High Court</a>. Two reservoirs, <a href="/wiki/Osman_Sagar" title="Osman Sagar">Osman Sagar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himayat_Sagar" title="Himayat Sagar">Himayat Sagar</a>, were built during his reign, to prevent another <a href="/wiki/Great_Musi_Flood_of_1908" title="Great Musi Flood of 1908">great flood</a> in the city. The Nizam also constructed the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_Sagar_Dam" title="Nizam Sagar Dam">Nizam Sagar Dam</a> and, in 1923, a <a href="/wiki/Reservoir_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoir (water)">reservoir</a> constructed across the <a href="/wiki/Manjira_River" title="Manjira River">Manjira River</a>, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari River</a>, between Achampet(Nizamabad) and Banjepally villages of the <a href="/wiki/Kamareddy_district" title="Kamareddy district">Kamareddy district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It is located at about 144 km (89 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a>. Nizam Sagar is the oldest dam in the state of <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lakes_built-21">[21]</a> The Nizam had refused to accede Hyderabad to India after the country's independence on 15 August 1947. He wanted his domains to remain an independent state or join Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Later, he wanted his state to join India; however, his power had weakened because of the <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Rebellion" title="Telangana Rebellion">Telangana Rebellion</a> and the rise of a radical militia known as the <a href="/wiki/Razakars_(Hyderabad)" title="Razakars (Hyderabad)">Razakars</a>, whom he could not put down. In 1948, the Indian Army <a href="/wiki/Indian_annexation_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian annexation of Hyderabad">invaded and annexed Hyderabad State</a> and defeated the Razakars.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The Nizam became the <a href="/wiki/Rajpramukh" title="Rajpramukh">Rajpramukh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State_(1948%E2%80%9356)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad State (1948–56)">Hyderabad State</a> between 1950 and 1956, after which the state was partitioned and became part of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1951, he not only started the construction of Nizam Orthopedic Hospital (now known as <a href="/wiki/Nizam%27s_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences">Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences</a> (NIMS)) and gave it to the government on a 99-year lease for a monthly rent of Rs.1,<a href="#cite_note-niz-26">[26]</a> he also donated 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) of land from his estate to <a href="/wiki/Vinobha_Bhave" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinobha Bhave">Vinobha Bhave</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bhoodan_movement" title="Bhoodan movement">Bhoodan movement</a> for re-distribution among landless farmers.<a href="#cite_note-Dona-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Mir Osman Ali Khan was born 5<a href="#cite_note-Jaganath-5">[5]</a> or 6 April 1886, the second son of <a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jah_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaf Jah VI">Mahboob Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI</a> and Amat-uz-Zahra Begum<a href="#cite_note-b377-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-m903-29">[29]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Purani_Haveli" title="Purani Haveli">Purani Haveli</a> (also known as Masarrat Mahal palace). He was educated privately and reportedly became fluent in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and English.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jaganath-5">[5]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Nawab_Muhammad_Ali_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab Muhammad Ali Beg">Nawab Muhammad Ali Beg</a> he received court ethics and military training.<a href="#cite_note-birth-32">[32]</a> On the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">the Viceroy of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Bruce,_9th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin">Lord Elgin</a> in 1898, in early 1899 Sir Brian Egerton (of the <a href="/wiki/Egerton_family" title="Egerton family">Egerton family</a> and former tutor to Maharajah of Bikaner <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Singh" title="Ganga Singh">Ganga Singh</a>) was appointed as Mir Osman Ali Khan's <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> tutor for two years.<a href="#cite_note-Jagannath-3">[3]</a> During this period he lived away from the principal palace. He lived on his own to avoid the atmosphere of the palace quarters under the guidance of Sir Brian and other British officials and mentors so that he could flourish as a gentleman of the highest class. Sir Brian Egerton recorded that as a child, Mir Osman Ali Khan was <a href="/wiki/A_magnanimous_act" title="A magnanimous act">magnanimous</a> and "anxious to learn". Because of the indomitable attitude of <a href="/wiki/Zenana" title="Zenana">zenana</a> (the women) who were determined to send Mir Osman Ali Khan out of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> for further studies, he pursued them at <a href="/wiki/Mayo_College" title="Mayo College">Mayo College</a> after consultation with the principal nobles of the <a href="/wiki/Paigah_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Paigah family">Paigah family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-birth-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keen-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg/250px-Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg/375px-Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg/500px-Coronation_portrait_of_the_VIIth_Nizam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam when he ascended the throne at 25 years of age</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png/250px-1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png/375px-1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png/500px-1_rupee_Hyderabard_-_1913.png 2x" data-file-width="2468" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">Silver coin</a>: 1 rupee <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, Mir Osman Ali Khan, 1913</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mir_Mahboob_Ali_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Mahboob Ali Khan">Mir Mahboob Ali Khan</a> The VI Nizam died on 29 August 1911 and on the same day Mir Osman Ali Khan was proclaimed Nizam VII under the supervision of Nawab Shahab Jung, a minister of Police and Public works.<a href="#cite_note-throning_ceremony-34">[34]</a> On 18 September 1911, the crowning ceremony was officially held at the <a href="/wiki/Chowmahalla_Palace" title="Chowmahalla Palace">Chowmahalla Palace</a>. His coronation <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Durbar (court)</a> included the prime minister of Hyderabad <a href="/wiki/Kishen_Pershad" title="Kishen Pershad">Maharaja Kishen Pershad</a>, Colonel Alexander Pinhey (1911–1916) British <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">resident</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Residency,_Hyderabad" title="British Residency, Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, the Paigah, and the distinguished nobles of the state and the head of principalities under Nizam domain.<a href="#cite_note-Jagannath-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-birth-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The famous mines of <a href="/wiki/Golconda_diamonds" title="Golconda diamonds">Golconda</a> were the major source of wealth for the Nizams,<a href="#cite_note-diamonds-36">[36]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Kingdom of Hyderabad</a> being the only supplier of diamonds for the global market in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-diamonds-36">[36]</a> Mir Osman Ali Khan acceded as the Nizam of Hyderabad upon the death of his father in 1911. The state of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in colonial India. With an area of 86,000 square miles (223,000  km2), it was roughly the size of the present-day United Kingdom. The Nizam was the highest-ranking prince in India, was one of only five princes <a href="/wiki/Salute_state" title="Salute state">entitled to a 21-gun salute</a>, held the unique title of "Nizam", and titled "<a href="/wiki/Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="Exalted Highness">His Exalted Highness</a>" and "Faithful Ally of the British Crown".<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_2007-03-14-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_(1911_to_1918)">Early years (1911 to 1918)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years (1911 to 1918)">edit</a>]</div> In 1908, three years before the Nizam's coronation, the city of Hyderabad was <a href="/wiki/Great_Musi_Flood_of_1908" title="Great Musi Flood of 1908">struck by a major flood</a> that resulted in the death of thousands. The Nizam, on the advice of <a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">Sir M. Visvesvaraya</a>, ordered the construction of two large reservoirs—the <a href="/wiki/Osman_Sagar" title="Osman Sagar">Osman Sagar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himayat_Sagar" title="Himayat Sagar">Himayat Sagar</a>—to prevent another flood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw191485-92-38">[38]</a> He was given the title of "Faithful Ally of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a>" after <a href="/wiki/World_War_One" class="mw-redirect" title="World War One">World War One</a> because of his financial contribution to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>'s war effort.<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a> Part of the reason behind his unique title of "His Exalted Highness" and other titles was due to the huge amounts of financial help that he provided the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> amounting to nearly £25 million (£1,538,279,000 in 2024).<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a> (For example, <a href="/wiki/No._110_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 110 Squadron RAF">No. 110 Squadron RAF</a>'s original complement of <a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">Airco DH.9A</a> aircraft were Osman Ali's gift. Each aircraft bore an inscription to that effect, and the unit became known as the "Hyderabad Squadron".)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> He also paid for a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> vessel, the <a href="/wiki/J-,_K-_and_N-class_destroyer" title="J-, K- and N-class destroyer">N-class</a> destroyer, <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Nizam_(G38)" title="HMAS Nizam (G38)">HMAS Nizam</a> commissioned in 1940 and transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In 1918, the Nizam issued a <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a> (decree) that established <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a>, the first university to have <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> as the language of instruction. The present campus was completed in 1934. The Firman also mentioned the university's detailed mission and objectives.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The establishment of Osmania University was highly lauded by <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureate <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> who was overjoyed to see the day when Indians are "freed from the shackles of a foreign language and our education becomes naturally accessible to all our people".<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_(1918_to_1939)">Post-World War (1918 to 1939)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-World War (1918 to 1939)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg/220px-The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg/330px-The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg/440px-The_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_pays_homage_to_the_king_and_queen_at_the_Delhi_Durbar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam pays homage to <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar" title="Delhi Durbar">Delhi Durbar</a>, December 1911</figcaption></figure> In 1919, the Nizam ordered the formation of the Executive Council of Hyderabad, presided over by Sir Sayyid Ali Imam, including eight other members, each in charge of one or more departments. The president of the Executive Council would also be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Hyderabad_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State">prime minister of Hyderabad</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Begumpet_Airport" title="Begumpet Airport">Begumpet Airport</a> was established in 1930 with the eventual formation of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Aero_Club" title="Hyderabad Aero Club">Hyderabad Aero Club</a> by the Nizam in 1936. Initially, Nizam's private airline, <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Airways_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Airways Limited">Deccan Airways</a>, one of the earliest airlines in British India, used it as a domestic and international airport. The terminal building was constructed in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The first commercial flight took off from the airport in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_of_his_reign_(1939_to_1948)">Final years of his reign (1939 to 1948)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final years of his reign (1939 to 1948)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg/220px-President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg/330px-President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg/440px-President_of_Yugoslavia_Josip_Broz_Tito_meeting_with_H.E.H._the_Nizam_of_Hyderabad_in_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>President of Yugoslavia <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> meeting with the Nizam, c. 1956</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg/220px-AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg/330px-AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg/440px-AsafJah7_Al-Quaiti-Family.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam with the <a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Al-Quaiti</a> royal family</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NizamSaud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NizamSaud.jpg/220px-NizamSaud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NizamSaud.jpg/330px-NizamSaud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/NizamSaud.jpg/440px-NizamSaud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam with <a href="/wiki/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Saud of Saudi Arabia">King Saud</a> during his visit to <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a></figcaption></figure> The Nizam arranged a matrimonial alliance with the deposed caliph <a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a> whereby Nizam's first son <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a> would marry <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Princess Durrushehvar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. It was believed that the matrimonial alliance between Nizam and Abdulmejid II would lead to the emergence of a Muslim ruler who could be acceptable to the world powers in place of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Sultans</a>. After India's Independence, the Nizam attempted to declare his sovereignty over the state of Hyderabad, either as a protectorate of the British Empire or as a sovereign monarchy. However, his power weakened because of the <a href="/wiki/Telangana_Rebellion" title="Telangana Rebellion">Telangana Rebellion</a> and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Razakars_(Hyderabad)" title="Razakars (Hyderabad)">Razakars</a>, a Muslim militia who wanted Hyderabad to remain under Muslim rule. In 1948, India <a href="/wiki/Indian_annexation_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian annexation of Hyderabad">invaded and annexed</a> Hyderabad State, and the rule of the Nizam ended. He became the <a href="/wiki/Rajpramukh" title="Rajpramukh">Rajpramukh</a> and served from 26 January 1950 to 31 October 1956.<a href="#cite_note-Nizam_Governor-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions_to_society">Contributions to society</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contributions to society">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_initiatives">Educational initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Educational initiatives">edit</a>]</div> By donating to major educational institutions throughout India, he introduced many educational reforms during his reign. Up to 11% of his budget was spent on education.<a href="#cite_note-Education_budget-46">[46]</a> Schools, colleges and a Department for Translation were set up. Primary education was made compulsory and provided free for the poor. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg/220px-Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg/330px-Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg/440px-Hydari_ViceChancellor_InaugurationArtsCollege-OsmaniaUni_1937.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam at the inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a> Arts College, c. 1937</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Osmania_University">Osmania University</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Osmania University">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Osmania_University" title="Osmania University">Osmania University</a></div> He founded the Osmania University in 1918 through a royal firman.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> It is one of the largest universities in India. Schools, colleges and a Department for Translation were set up.<a href="#cite_note-osmania_1917-04-26-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_of_major_public_buildings">Construction of major public buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Construction of major public buildings">edit</a>]</div> Nearly all the major public buildings and institutions in Hyderabad city, such as the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Judicature_at_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad">Hyderabad High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Hall,_Hyderabad" title="Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad">Jubilee Hall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nizamia_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizamia Observatory">Nizamia Observatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moazzam_Jahi_Market" title="Moazzam Jahi Market">Moazzam Jahi Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kachiguda_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachiguda Railway Station">Kachiguda Railway Station</a>, Asafiya Library (<a href="/wiki/State_Central_Library,_Hyderabad" title="State Central Library, Hyderabad">State Central Library, Hyderabad</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Hall">Town Hall</a> now known as the Assembly Hall, Hyderabad Museum now known as the <a href="/wiki/Telangana_State_Archaeology_Museum" title="Telangana State Archaeology Museum">State Museum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_Hyderabad_State" title="Category:Hospitals established in Hyderabad State">hospitals</a> like <a href="/wiki/Osmania_General_Hospital" title="Osmania General Hospital">Osmania General Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_Nizamia_General_Hospital" title="Government Nizamia General Hospital">Nizamia Hospital</a> and many other buildings were constructed under his reign.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> He also built the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_House" title="Hyderabad House">Hyderabad House</a> in Delhi, now used for diplomatic meetings by the Government of India.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_Hyderabad_State_Bank">Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Establishment of Hyderabad State Bank">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Hyderabad" title="State Bank of Hyderabad">State Bank of Hyderabad</a></div> In 1941, he started his bank, the Hyderabad State Bank. It was later renamed <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Hyderabad" title="State Bank of Hyderabad">State Bank of Hyderabad</a> and merged with the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_India" title="State Bank of India">State Bank of India</a> as the state's central bank in 2017. It was established on 8 August 1941 under the Hyderabad State Bank Act. The bank managed the Osmania Sicca (<a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a>), the currency of the state of Hyderabad. It was the only state in India that had <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes of Hyderabad">its currency</a>, and the only state in British India where the ruler was allowed to issue currency. In 1953, the bank absorbed, by merger, the Mercantile Bank of Hyderabad, which Raja Pannalal Pitti had founded in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">need quotation to verify</a>] In 1956, the Reserve Bank of India took over the bank as its first subsidiary and renamed it State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH). The Subsidiary Banks Act was passed in 1959. On 1 October 1959, SBH and the other banks of the princely states became subsidiaries of SBI. It merged with SBI on 31 March 2017.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flood_prevention">Flood prevention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flood prevention">edit</a>]</div> After the Great Musi Flood of 1908, which killed an estimated 50,000 people, the Nizam constructed two lakes to prevent flooding—the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar<a href="#cite_note-lakes_built-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> named after himself, and his son <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_reforms">Agricultural reforms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Agricultural reforms">edit</a>]</div> The Nizam founded agricultural research in the <a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a> region of Hyderabad State with the establishment of the Main Experimental Farm in 1918 in <a href="/wiki/Parbhani" title="Parbhani">Parbhani</a>. During his rule, agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad; crop research centres for <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, cotton, and fruits existed in Parbhani. After independence, the Indian government developed this facility further and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Marathwada_Agriculture_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathwada Agriculture University">Marathwada Agriculture University</a> on 18 May 1972.<a href="#cite_note-MAU-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contribution_to_Indian_aviation">Contribution to Indian aviation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Contribution to Indian aviation">edit</a>]</div> India's first airport—the <a href="/wiki/Begumpet_Airport" title="Begumpet Airport">Begumpet Airport</a>—was established in the 1930s with the formation of the Hyderabad Aero Club by the Nizam. Initially, it was used as a domestic and international airport by <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Airways_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Airways Limited">Deccan Airways Limited</a>, the first airline in British India. The airport terminal was constructed in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Philanthropy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donations_to_Hindu_temples">Donations to Hindu temples</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Donations to Hindu temples">edit</a>]</div> During Mir Osman Ali Khan’s regime, financial support of Rs 97,000 and more than Two-lakh-acres of land were donated for the Hindu temples. Hindu temple histories in Hyderabad, both oral and written, feature close interaction with the Nizam’s court and administration.<a href="#cite_note-temples-61">[61]</a> The Nizam donated Rs. 82,825 to the <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Narasimha_Temple,_Yadadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Yadadri">Yadagirigutta temple</a> at Bhongir, Rs. 29,999 to the <a href="/wiki/Sita_Ramachandraswamy_temple,_Bhadrachalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam">Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam</a><a href="#cite_note-donated-62">[62]</a> and yearly donation of Rs. 8,000 to the <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Tirupati Balaji Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> He also donated Rs. 50,000 towards the reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Sitarambagh_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitarambagh temple">Sitarambagh temple</a> located in the old city of Hyderabad,<a href="#cite_note-donated-62">[62]</a> and bestowed a grant of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupees</a> towards the reconstruction of <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Pillar_Temple" title="Thousand Pillar Temple">Thousand Pillar Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> He also donated 1,525 acres of Land to "Sita Rama Swami Temple" located in Devaryamjal<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Other temples which received yearly monetary grants were Yadgirigutta temple, Mahetta Balekdas temple, Sikhar temple, Seetharambagh temple and Jamsingh temple.<a href="#cite_note-temples-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restoration_of_Ramappa_temple">Restoration of Ramappa temple</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Restoration of Ramappa temple">edit</a>]</div> The 7th Nizam also donated towards restoration of <a href="/wiki/Ramappa_Temple" title="Ramappa Temple">Ramappa Temple</a> which is now declared a heritage site by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donation_towards_golden_temple">Donation towards golden temple</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Donation towards golden temple">edit</a>]</div> After hearing about the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Golden Temple</a> of Amritsar through Maharaja Ranjit Singh,<a href="#cite_note-nizam_&_maharaja-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-outlook-69">[69]</a> he started providing it with yearly grants.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donation_towards_the_compilation_of_Holy_Mahabharata">Donation towards the compilation of Holy Mahabharata</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Donation towards the compilation of Holy Mahabharata">edit</a>]</div> In 1932, there was a need for money for the publication of the Holy <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bhandarkar_Oriental_Research_Institute" title="Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute">Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</a> located in Pune. A formal request was made to Mir Osman Ali Khan who granted Rs. 1000 per year for 11 years.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> He also gave Rs 50,000 for the construction of the institute's guest house<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> which stands today as the Nizam Guest House.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donation_in_Gold_to_the_National_Defence_Fund">Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Donation in Gold to the National Defence Fund">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg/300px-NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg/450px-NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/NIZAM_with_SHASTRI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam with the then Prime Minister of India <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></figcaption></figure> In October 1962, during the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>, the PM <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> visited Hyderabad and requested the Nizam to contribute to the National Defence Fund, set up in the wake of the Indo-Chinese skirmishes.<a href="#cite_note-gold_donation-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In response, the Nizam donated 5,000 Kilos of gold to the Indian army. In terms of today's gold price in the international market, this donation translates to Rs 2,500 Crore.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donations_to_educational_institutions">Donations to educational institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Donations to educational institutions">edit</a>]</div> The Nizam donated Rs 1 million for the <a href="/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" title="Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-d_edu-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Rs. 500,000 for the <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and 300,000 for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-d_edu-81">[81]</a> He also made large donations to many institutions in India and abroad with special emphasis given to educational institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Nizamia" title="Jamia Nizamia">Jamia Nizamia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shivaji_Education_Society" title="Shivaji Education Society">Shri Shivaji Educational Society</a> Amravati also received a total grant of 50,000 from the Nizam in the 1940's.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_of_Ajanta_Ellora_caves">Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Restoration of Ajanta Ellora caves">edit</a>]</div> During the early 1920s, the site of <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a> was under the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-87">[87]</a> and Osman Ali Khan (the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>) appointed experts to restore the artwork, converted the site into a museum and built a road to enable tourists to come to the site.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ajanta-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Nizam's Director of Archaeology obtained the services of two experts from Italy, Professor <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Cecconi" title="Lorenzo Cecconi">Lorenzo Cecconi</a>, assisted by Count Orsini, to restore the paintings in the caves. The Director of Archaeology for the last Nizam of Hyderabad said of the work of Cecconi and Orsini: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The repairs to the caves and the cleaning and conservation of the frescoes have been carried out on such sound principles and in such a scientific manner that these matchless monuments have found a fresh lease of life for at least a couple of centuries.<a href="#cite_note-Nizam-90">[90]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donations_to_Palestine">Donations to Palestine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Donations to Palestine">edit</a>]</div> The Nizam provided substantial funding for the restoration of Masjid <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> (one of the three holiest sites in the Islamic world). Additionally, he contributed greatly to the creation of waqfs (Muslim endowments) in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestine</a> and supported the renovation and restoration of a hospice named Zawiyah Hindiyya.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Firman_to_ban_public_cow_slaughter">Firman to ban public cow slaughter</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Firman to ban public cow slaughter">edit</a>]</div> In 1922, Nizam VII issued a <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a> banning the public slaughter of cows in his kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Polo_and_abdication">Operation Polo and abdication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Operation Polo and abdication">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OsmanNehruJN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/OsmanNehruJN.jpg/200px-OsmanNehruJN.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/OsmanNehruJN.jpg/300px-OsmanNehruJN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/OsmanNehruJN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, the Nizam and Major General <a href="/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri">Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri</a> after Hyderabad's accession to India</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a></div> After Indian independence in 1947, the country was partitioned into India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The princely states were left free to make whatever arrangement they wished with either India or Pakistan. The Nizam ruled over more than 16 million people and 82,698 square miles (214,190 km2) of territory when the British withdrew from the sub-continent in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-Times20-95">[95]</a> But unlike the other princely states, the Nizam refused to sign the instrument of accession. Instead he opted to sign a 1-year standstill agreement agreed upon by the British, and signed by then viceroy Lord Mountbatten.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The Nizam refused to join either India or Pakistan, preferring to form a separate independent kingdom within the British <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Times20-95">[95]</a> This proposal for independence was rejected by the British government, but the Nizam continued to explore it. Towards this end, he kept up open negotiations with the Government of India regarding the modalities of a future relationship while opening covert negotiations with Pakistan in a similar vein. The Nizam cited the <a href="/wiki/Razakars_(Hyderabad)" title="Razakars (Hyderabad)">Razakars</a> as evidence that the people of the state were opposed to any agreement with India.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The one-year standstill agreement turned out to be a severe blow to Nizam as it gave all foreign affairs, communication and defence power to the Indian government. The new Indian government wasn't happy that a sovereign state would exist right at the centre of India.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In accordance to this, they ultimately decided to invade Hyderabad in 1948, in operation code-named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a>. Under the supervision of Major General <a href="/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri">Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri</a>, one division of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> and a tank brigade invaded and captured Hyderabad.<a href="#cite_note-Sunderlal-98">[98]</a> The annexation was over in just 109 hours or roughly 4 days. Due to no foreign connections and no real defence, the war was a losing cause for Hyderabad from the start. After the annexation the territory came under Indian rule and the Nizam was removed from his position but allowed to keep all personal wealth and title.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wealth">Wealth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Wealth">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jewels_of_the_Nizams_of_Hyderabad" title="Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad">Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad</a></div> The Nizam was so wealthy that he was portrayed on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine on 22 February 1937, being described as the world's richest man.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> At its peak, the wealth of Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII was worth ₹660 crore (US$79 million) (all his conceivable assets combined) in the early 1940s, while Nizam's entire treasure of jewels, would be worth between US$150 million and US$500 million variously in today's terms.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> He used the <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Diamond" title="Jacob Diamond">Jacob Diamond</a>, a 185-carat diamond that is part of the <a href="/wiki/Jewels_of_the_Nizams" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewels of the Nizams">Nizam's jewellery</a>, as a paperweight.<a href="#cite_note-not_miser-105">[105]</a> During his days as Nizam, he was reputed to be the richest man in the world, having a fortune estimated at US$2 billion in the early 1940s<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> (US$37.3 billion in 2023 dollars)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> or two percent of the US economy then.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The Nizam's personal fortune was estimated to be roughly £110 million, including £40 million in gold and jewels (equivalent to £2,690,199,336 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The Indian government still exhibits the jewellery as the Jewels of the Nizams of Hyderabad (now in Delhi). There are 173 jewels, which include <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emeralds</a> weighing nearly 2,000 carats (0.40 kg), and <a href="/wiki/Pearls" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearls">pearls</a> exceeding 40 thousand <a href="/wiki/Buddam_(unit)" title="Buddam (unit)">chows</a>. The collection includes <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a> ornaments, necklaces and <a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">pendants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">belts</a> and buckles, <a href="/wiki/Earrings" class="mw-redirect" title="Earrings">earrings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armbands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armbands">armbands</a>, bangles and <a href="/wiki/Bracelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracelets">bracelets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">anklets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cufflinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cufflinks">cufflinks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">buttons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watch_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Watch chain">watch chains</a>, and rings, <a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">toe rings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nose_piercing" title="Nose piercing">nose rings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Along with the Nizam's jewels, two Bari gold coins worth hundreds of crores were considered the rarest in the world. Himayat Ali Mirza has requested the central government to bring these coins, which were made in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>, back to <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gift_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II">Gift to Queen Elizabeth II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gift to Queen Elizabeth II">edit</a>]</div> In 1947, Nizam made a gift of diamond jewels, including a tiara and necklace, to the future <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth  II</a> on the occasion of her marriage. The brooches and necklace were still worn by the Queen until her death and the necklace is known as the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II%27s_jewels#Nizam_of_Hyderabad_Necklace" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II's jewels">Nizam of Hyderabad necklace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NizamViiMukarram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NizamViiMukarram.jpg/220px-NizamViiMukarram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NizamViiMukarram.jpg/330px-NizamViiMukarram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NizamViiMukarram.jpg/440px-NizamViiMukarram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>The Nizam with his heir apparent and grandson <a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Jah" title="Mukarram Jah">Mukarram Jah</a></figcaption></figure> The Nizam lived at <a href="/wiki/King_Kothi_Palace" title="King Kothi Palace">King Kothi Palace</a>—bought from a nobleman (Kamal Khan an architect of those times)—from age 13 until his death. He never moved to <a href="/wiki/Chowmahalla_Palace" title="Chowmahalla Palace">Chowmahalla Palace</a>, even after his <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">accession</a> to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-kingkothi-115">[115]</a> Unlike his father, he was not interested in fine clothing or hunting. His hobbies rather included poetry and writing <a href="/wiki/Ghazals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazals">ghazals</a> in Urdu.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> He revered his mother and visited her every day she was alive; he used to visit her grave almost every day after she died.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> He had seven wives.<a href="#cite_note-f682-118">[118]</a> His first wife was Sahibzadi Azam-un-Nisa Begum Sahiba also known as Dulhan Pasha Begum. She was the elder daughter of Nawab Jahangir Jung. They married on 14 April 1906 at Eden Bagh, Hyderabad. Nawab Khudrath Nawaz Jung was his first brother-in-law.<a href="#cite_note-Jagannath-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-g965-120">[120]</a> She was the mother of his sons <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moazzam_Jah" title="Moazzam Jah">Moazzam Jah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-j952-121">[121]</a> and a daughter Ahmed-un-Nisa Begum also known as Shahzada Pasha.<a href="#cite_note-w444-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-b606-123">[123]</a> She died in 1955, and was buried beside her husband in Masjid-e Judi.<a href="#cite_note-i593-124">[124]</a> Another wife was Shahzada Begum.<a href="#cite_note-m323-125">[125]</a> She was the mother of Hasham Jah. Her two children had died at birth, and Hasham Jah was her third child.<a href="#cite_note-g178-126">[126]</a> Another wife was Ikbal Begum.<a href="#cite_note-j459-127">[127]</a> She was the daughter of his Army Secretary, Nawab Nazir Jung.<a href="#cite_note-w321-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-m904-129">[129]</a> Another wife was Gowhar Begum.<a href="#cite_note-j459-127">[127]</a> She was a niece of the Aga Khan.<a href="#cite_note-m904-129">[129]</a> Another wife was Mazhar-un-Nisa Begum.<a href="#cite_note-n850-130">[130]</a> She was the youngest daughter of Khurshid-ul-Mulk, the grand-daughter in the line of the fifth Nizam, <a href="/wiki/Afzal-ud-Daulah" title="Afzal-ud-Daulah">Afzal-ud-Daulah</a>, and a niece of the sixth Nizam, Mahboob Ali Khan. They married in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-m903-29">[29]</a> She died on 18 June 1964.<a href="#cite_note-z318-131">[131]</a> Another wife was Leila Begum.<a href="#cite_note-n850-130">[130]</a> She was a Hindu woman whose family willingly sent her to his harem as a gesture of gratitude. She possessed exceptional beauty, and was his favourite wife.<a href="#cite_note-m060-132">[132]</a> She had five sons Zulfiqar Jah, Bhojat Jah, Shabbir Jah, Nawazish Jah and Fazal Jah; and two daughters Mashhadi Begum and Sayeeda Begum.<a href="#cite_note-i185-133">[133]</a> His last wife was Jani Begum.<a href="#cite_note-n850-130">[130]</a> She was the daughter of Sahibzada Yavar Jung, and was the mother of Imdad Jah. She died on 7 June 1959.<a href="#cite_note-m074-134">[134]</a> In total, he had 34 children: 18 sons and 16 daughters.<a href="#cite_note-Nanisetti-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-wives-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> His first son <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a> married <a href="/wiki/Durru_Shehvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Durru Shehvar">Durru Shehvar</a>, (daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Mejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Mejid II">Abdul Mejid  II</a>), while his second son <a href="/wiki/Moazzam_Jah" title="Moazzam Jah">Moazzam Jah</a> married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Niloufer" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Niloufer">Niloufer</a>, (a niece of the Ottoman sultan).<a href="#cite_note-Tele06-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leonard2007-147">[147]</a> Azam Jah and Durru Shehvar had two sons, <a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Jah" title="Mukarram Jah">Mukarram Jah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muffakham_Jah" title="Muffakham Jah">Muffakham Jah</a>, with the former succeeding his grandfather as the de jure Nizam.<a href="#cite_note-Tele06-146">[146]</a> His second son Moazzam Jah, after his divorce from Princess Nilofer, since she couldn't bear a child, married Razia Begum and had three daughters - Princess Fatima Fouzia, Princess Amina Merzia and Princess Oolia Kulsum. He also married Anwari Begum and had a son, Prince Shahmat Jah.<a href="#cite_note-family-148">[148]</a> Another socially prominent grandson is <a href="/wiki/Mir_Najaf_Ali_Khan" title="Mir Najaf Ali Khan">Mir Najaf Ali Khan</a>, son of Hasham Jah,<a href="#cite_note-NDTV.com-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-India_Times_2017-07-05-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> who represents several trusts of the last Nizam, including the <a href="/wiki/H.E.H._the_Nizam%27s_Charitable_Trust" title="H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust">H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust</a> and the Nizam Family Welfare Association.<a href="#cite_note-India_Times_2017-07-05-150">[150]</a> The Nizams' daughters had been married traditionally to young men of the <a href="/wiki/Paigah_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Paigah family">House of Paigah</a>. This family belonged to the Sunni sect.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> One of his daughters Ahmed-un-Nisa Begum,<a href="#cite_note-family-148">[148]</a> by his first wife Azam-un-Nisa Begum, was once engaged to a nawab, but the Nizam suddenly called off the wedding after a traveling holy man warned him that he would not live long after her marriage. She remained unmarried,<a href="#cite_note-u775-153">[153]</a> and died on 24 March 1985.<a href="#cite_note-family-148">[148]</a> Another of his daughters was Basheer-un-Nisa Begum. She was born in September 1927. She married Nawab Kazim Jung, popularly known as Ali Pasha, and had one daughter. She died at her residence, Osman Cottage, in Purani Haveli, of natural causes on 28 July 2020, aged ninety-three. She was the last surviving child of the Nizam.<a href="#cite_note-a196-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-q906-155">[155]</a> Another daughter Mashhadi Begum, by his wife Leila Begum, was born in September 1939.<a href="#cite_note-e414-156">[156]</a> In January 1959, she married Paigah noble Mahmood Jah,<a href="#cite_note-u775-153">[153]</a> and had four sons and two daughters. She died on 16 November 2015 due to chronic illness. Her funeral was performed at Masjid-e Judi, and she was buried at the Paigah Tombs, besides to her husband.<a href="#cite_note-e414-156">[156]</a> His youngest daughter by Leila Begum, Sayeeda Begum also known as Lily Pasha, was born on 30 December 1949. She died of a brief illness on 17 July 2017, and was buried in Masjid-e Judi. She was survived by a son and a daughter.<a href="#cite_note-d512-157">[157]</a> Some other daughters were Asmat-un-Nisa Begum, Hurmat-un-Nisa Begum,<a href="#cite_note-k146-158">[158]</a> Mehr-un-Nisa Begum<a href="#cite_note-j459-127">[127]</a> and Masood-un-Nisa Begum.<a href="#cite_note-h124-159">[159]</a> Various parties have used Nizam's name for political gains. Another great-grandson, Himayat Ali Mirza wrote to the prime minister in this regard along with the Election Commission of India, requesting political parties not to use Nizam's name in today's politics as it is disrespectful to such a great personality.<a href="#cite_note-:0-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years_and_death">Final years and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Final years and death">edit</a>]</div> The Nizam continued to stay at the King Kothi Palace until his death. He used to issue <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firmans</a> on inconsequential matters in his newspaper, the Nizam Gazette.<a href="#cite_note-kingkothi-115">[115]</a> He died on Friday, 24 February 1967. In his will, he asked to be buried in Masjid-e Judi, a mosque where his mother was buried, that faced <a href="/wiki/King_Kothi_Palace" title="King Kothi Palace">King Kothi Palace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-siasat_2018-04-22-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The government declared state mourning on 25 February 1967, the day when he was buried. State government offices remained closed as a mark of respect while the <a href="/wiki/National_Flag_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Flag of India">National Flag of India</a> was flown at half-mast on all the government buildings throughout the state.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The Nizam Museum documents state: <blockquote>"The streets and pavements of the city were littered with the pieces of broken glass bangles as an incalculable number of women broke their bangles in mourning, which <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> women usually do as per Indian customs on the death of a close relative."<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </blockquote> <blockquote>"The Nizam's funeral procession was the biggest non-religious, non-political meeting of people in the history of India till that date."</blockquote> Millions of people of all religions from different parts of the state entered Hyderabad in trains, buses and on bullocks for a last glimpse of their king in a coffin in the <a href="/wiki/King_Kothi_Palace" title="King Kothi Palace">King Kothi Palace</a> Camp in Hyderabad.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The crowd was so uncontrollable that barricades were installed alongside the road to enable people to move in a queue.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> D. Bhaskara Rao, chief curator, of the <a href="/wiki/Nizam%27s_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam's Museum">Nizam's Museum</a> stated that an estimated one million people were part of the procession.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title_and_salutation">Title and salutation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Title and salutation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salutation_style">Salutation style</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Salutation style">edit</a>]</div> The Nizam was the honorary Colonel of the 20 Deccan Horse. In 1918, <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> elevated Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur from "His Highness" to "<a href="/wiki/His_Exalted_Highness" class="mw-redirect" title="His Exalted Highness">His Exalted Highness</a>". In a letter dated 24 January 1918, the title "Faithful Ally of the British Government was conferred on him.<a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_Titular_Name">Full Titular Name</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Full Titular Name">edit</a>]</div> The titles during his life were: 1886–1911: Nawab Bahadur Mir Osman Ali Khan Siddiqi. <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1911–1912: His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1912–1917: Colonel His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1917–1918: Colonel His Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI, GBE <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1918–1936: Lieutenant-General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad, GCSI, GBE <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1936–1941: Lieutenant-General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, GCSI, GBE <a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a> 1941–1967: General His Exalted Highness Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, Asaf Jah VII, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Sir Osman ‘Ali Khan Siddqi Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, GCSI, GBE.<a href="#cite_note-HPS-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_eponyms">Honours and eponyms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Honours and eponyms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar_Medal_(1911)" title="Delhi Durbar Medal (1911)">Delhi Durbar Gold Medal, 1911</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/1911_Delhi_Durbar_Honours" title="1911 Delhi Durbar Honours">1911 Delhi Durbar Honours</a>,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li>GCSI: <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India</a>, 1911<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li> <li>GCStJ: Bailiff Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable Order of Saint John">Order of St John</a>, 1911<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li> <li>GBE: <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire</a>, 1917<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li> <li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="King George V Silver Jubilee Medal">King George V Silver Jubilee Medal</a>, 1935<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li> <li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal" title="King George VI Coronation Medal">King George VI Coronation Medal</a>, 1937<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li> <li>Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Chain" title="Royal Victorian Chain">Royal Victorian Chain</a>, 1946<a href="#cite_note-honours-172">[172]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_Eponyms">List of Eponyms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: List of Eponyms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmania_General_Hospital" title="Osmania General Hospital">Osmania General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmania_Biscuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmania Biscuit">Osmania Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Sagar" title="Osman Sagar">Osman Sagar</a>, a reservoir in Hyderabad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanabad" title="Osmanabad">Osmanabad</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad_necklace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam of Hyderabad necklace">Nizam of Hyderabad necklace</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nizam_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam Gate">Nizam Gate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Sharif_Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajmer Sharif Dargah">Ajmer Sharif Dargah</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Establishments_in_Hyderabad_State" title="Category:Establishments in Hyderabad State">Establishments of the Nizams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_Hyderabad_State" title="Category:Hospitals established in Hyderabad State">Hospitals established by the Nizams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam%27s_Guaranteed_State_Railway" title="Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway">Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizams of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAli2019" class="citation news cs1">Ali, Mir Quadir (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/170919/hyderabads-tryst-with-history.html">"Hyderabad's tryst with history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Chronicle" title="Deccan Chronicle">Deccan Chronicle</a>. Retrieved 18 November 2020. <q>The question now is: What exactly happened on September 17, 1948? [...] The Nizam's radio broadcast meant the lifting of the house arrest of Government of India's Agent General K.M. Munshi, allowing him to work on a new government, with the Nizam as Head of State.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Hyderabad%27s+tryst+with+history&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Mir+Quadir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2F170919%2Fhyderabads-tryst-with-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Benjamin B. Cohen, Kingship and Colonialism in India's Deccan, 1850–1948 (Macmillan, 2007) p81[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">need quotation to verify</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Jagannath-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannath_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannath_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannath_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jagannath_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaganath2013" class="citation book cs1">Jaganath, Santosh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ">The History of Nizam's Railways System</a>. Laxmi Book Publication. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781312496477" title="Special:BookSources/9781312496477"><bdi>9781312496477</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185148/https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ&dq=">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Nizam%27s+Railways+System&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Laxmi+Book+Publication&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781312496477&rft.aulast=Jaganath&rft.aufirst=Santosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlH0ACAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/no-parallel-to-hyderabads-muharram-procession-in-india-523357.html">"No parallel to Hyderabad's Muharram procession in India"</a>. News18. news18. 24 November 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploretelangana.com/himayat-sagar-lake-weekend-tourist-spot-of-hyderabad/">the original</a> on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exploretelangana.com&rft.atitle=Himayat+Sagar+Lake+%E2%80%93+Weekend+Tourist+Spot+of+Hyderabad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exploretelangana.com%2Fhimayat-sagar-lake-weekend-tourist-spot-of-hyderabad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAU-59"><a href="#cite_ref-MAU_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022708/http://www.mkv.ac.in/doe/maufrgen.html">"MAU"</a>. mkv. 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(26 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/a-tome-on-the-aviation-history-of-the-deccan/article27936689.ece">"A tome on the aviation history of the Deccan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185209/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/a-tome-on-the-aviation-history-of-the-deccan/article27936689.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+tome+on+the+aviation+history+of+the+Deccan&rft.date=2001-05-26&rft.aulast=Venkateshwarlu&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-miscellaneous%2Ftp-others%2Fa-tome-on-the-aviation-history-of-the-deccan%2Farticle27936689.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-temples-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-temples_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-temples_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToday2022" class="citation news cs1">Today, Telangana (27 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telanganatoday.com/cultural-accomplishments-of-nizam-era">"The progressive rule of Nizams"</a>. Telangana Today. Retrieved 11 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telangana+Today&rft.atitle=The+progressive+rule+of+Nizams&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Today&rft.aufirst=Telangana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelanganatoday.com%2Fcultural-accomplishments-of-nizam-era&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-donated-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-donated_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-donated_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece">"A 'miser' who donated generously"</a>. 20 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205205308/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+%27miser%27+who+donated+generously&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2FA-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously%2Farticle15988076.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074635/http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/">"Nizam gave funding for temples, and Hindu educational institutions"</a>. 28 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nizam+gave+funding+for+temples%2C+and+Hindu+educational+institutions&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissiontelangana.com%2Fnizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/attempt-to-portray-nizam-as-intolerant-oppressor-decried-1.1385949">"Attempt to portray Nizam as 'intolerant oppressor' decried"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a>. 16 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730074625/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/attempt-to-portray-nizam-as-intolerant-oppressor-decried-1.1385949">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Attempt+to+portray+Nizam+as+%27intolerant+oppressor%27+decried&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findia%2Fattempt-to-portray-nizam-as-intolerant-oppressor-decried-1.1385949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telanganatoday.com/devaryamjal-temple-land-case-officials-examine-nizam-era-pahanis">"Devaryamjal temple land case: Officials examine Nizam-era Pahanis"</a>. 22 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devaryamjal+temple+land+case%3A+Officials+examine+Nizam-era+Pahanis&rft.date=2021-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelanganatoday.com%2Fdevaryamjal-temple-land-case-officials-examine-nizam-era-pahanis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ramappa-was-first-renovated-in-1914/articleshow/84744142.cms">"Ramappa temple's first renovation effort was taken up in 1914"</a>. The Times of India. 26 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Ramappa+temple%27s+first+renovation+effort+was+taken+up+in+1914&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2Framappa-was-first-renovated-in-1914%2Farticleshow%2F84744142.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2021" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Mohammed Hussain (27 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.siasat.com/news/unesco-declared-ramappa-temple-as-world-heritage-site-mentions-nizams-role-in-its-restoration-2170143/">"UNESCO mentions Nizam's role in restoration of Ramappa Temple"</a>. The Siasat Daily – Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Siasat+Daily+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=UNESCO+mentions+Nizam%27s+role+in+restoration+of+Ramappa+Temple&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.siasat.com%2Fnews%2Funesco-declared-ramappa-temple-as-world-heritage-site-mentions-nizams-role-in-its-restoration-2170143%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nizam_&_maharaja-68"><a href="#cite_ref-nizam_&_maharaja_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417180858/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/harmandir-sahib/maharaja-ranjit-singhs-contributions-to-harimandir-sahib">"Maharaja Ranjit Singh's contributions to Harimandir Sahib"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/harmandir-sahib/maharaja-ranjit-singhs-contributions-to-harimandir-sahib">the original</a> on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharaja+Ranjit+Singh%27s+contributions+to+Harimandir+Sahib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutsikhs.com%2Fharmandir-sahib%2Fmaharaja-ranjit-singhs-contributions-to-harimandir-sahib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-outlook-69"><a href="#cite_ref-outlook_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/the-nizams/">"A Brief History of The Nizams of Hyderabad"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402071725/https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/the-nizams/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+The+Nizams+of+Hyderabad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Ftraveller%2Fot-getaway-guides%2Fthe-nizams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaganath" class="citation book cs1">Jaganath, Dr Santosh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ&q=%22nizam%22%20%22golden%20temple%22%20%22osman%22&pg=PA48">The History of Nizam's Railways System</a>. Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781312496477" title="Special:BookSources/9781312496477"><bdi>9781312496477</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185209/https://books.google.com/books?id=lH0ACAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA48&dq=%22nizam%22+%22golden+temple%22+%22osman%22&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Nizam%27s+Railways+System&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.isbn=9781312496477&rft.aulast=Jaganath&rft.aufirst=Dr+Santosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlH0ACAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522nizam%2522%2520%2522golden%2520temple%2522%2520%2522osman%2522%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2007" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Diane (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wb3ySfyMArUC&q=%22nizam%22%20%22golden%20temple%22%20%22osman%22&pg=PA122">From Satan's Crown to the Holy Grail: Emeralds in Myth, Magic, and History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275991234" title="Special:BookSources/9780275991234"><bdi>9780275991234</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185212/https://books.google.com/books?id=wb3ySfyMArUC&lpg=PA122&dq=%22nizam%22+%22golden+temple%22+%22osman%22&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Satan%27s+Crown+to+the+Holy+Grail%3A+Emeralds+in+Myth%2C+Magic%2C+and+History&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780275991234&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwb3ySfyMArUC%26q%3D%2522nizam%2522%2520%2522golden%2520temple%2522%2520%2522osman%2522%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153635/https://www.firstpost.com/india/family-members-rue-that-hyderabad-has-forgotten-the-last-nizams-contribution-to-the-city-2963344.html">"Family members rue that Hyderabad has forgotten the last Nizam's contribution to the city"</a>. 18 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/family-members-rue-that-hyderabad-has-forgotten-the-last-nizams-contribution-to-the-city-2963344.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Family+members+rue+that+Hyderabad+has+forgotten+the+last+Nizam%27s+contribution+to+the+city&rft.date=2016-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Ffamily-members-rue-that-hyderabad-has-forgotten-the-last-nizams-contribution-to-the-city-2963344.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bori.ac.in/Bori-Heritage-Walk.html">"Nizam's Guest House, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094410/http://www.bori.ac.in/Bori-Heritage-Walk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018. 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U.S. Department of Commerce. 1946. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Commerce+Weekly&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNc8l6esL-ZAC%26pg%3DRA3-PA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/here-are-five-super-rich-people-from-the-pages-of-history/articleshow/47108897.cms?from=mdr">"Here are five super-rich people from the pages of history!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. 1 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185215/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/here-are-five-super-rich-people-from-the-pages-of-history/articleshow/47108897.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Here+are+five+super-rich+people+from+the+pages+of+history%21&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fhere-are-five-super-rich-people-from-the-pages-of-history%2Farticleshow%2F47108897.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-109"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_109-0">^</a> UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a>. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Gifts of gold to help the Indian treasury". The Times. 14 December 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Gifts+of+gold+to+help+the+Indian+treasury&rft.date=1965-12-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">need quotation to verify</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnanRamamrutham2001" class="citation book cs1">Krishnan, Usha Ramamrutham Bala; Ramamrutham, Bharath (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cT_rAAAAMAAJ&q=nizam%20sikander%20jah">Jewels of the Nizams</a>. Department of Culture, Government of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85832-15-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85832-15-9"><bdi>978-81-85832-15-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185215/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Jewels_of_the_Nizams/cT_rAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=nizam+sikander+jah">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewels+of+the+Nizams&rft.pub=Department+of+Culture%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-85832-15-9&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Usha+Ramamrutham+Bala&rft.au=Ramamrutham%2C+Bharath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcT_rAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dnizam%2520sikander%2520jah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMethil_Renuka2001" class="citation web cs1">Methil Renuka (3 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20010903-exhibition-of-jewels-of-hyderabad-nizams-includes-fifth-largest-diamond-in-world-774129-2001-09-03">"Exhibition of jewels of Hyderabad Nizams includes fifth-largest diamond in world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727105445/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/heritage/story/20010903-exhibition-of-jewels-of-hyderabad-nizams-includes-fifth-largest-diamond-in-world-774129-2001-09-03">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Exhibition+of+jewels+of+Hyderabad+Nizams+includes+fifth-largest+diamond+in+world&rft.date=2001-09-03&rft.au=Methil+Renuka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fheritage%2Fstory%2F20010903-exhibition-of-jewels-of-hyderabad-nizams-includes-fifth-largest-diamond-in-world-774129-2001-09-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220715082626/https://epaper.sakshi.com/c/68985858">"Clipping of Sakshi Telugu Daily - Hyderabad Constituencies"</a>. epaper.sakshi.com. 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Retrieved 12 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nizam+of+Hyderabad+Rose+Brooches+and+Necklace&rft.pub=From+Her+Majesty%27s+Jewel+Vault&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueensjewelvault.blogspot.co.uk%2F2013%2F02%2Fthe-nizam-of-hyderabad-rose-brooches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kingkothi-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kingkothi_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kingkothi_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khalidi" title="Omar Khalidi">Khalidi, Omar</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925143941/https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf">A Guide to Architecture in Hyderabad, Deccan, India</a> (PDF). p. 163. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Architecture+in+Hyderabad%2C+Deccan%2C+India&rft.pages=163&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibraries.mit.edu%2Fimg%2Flibs%2Frotch%2FHyderabadGuide_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/a-visual-ode-to-mir-osman-ali-khan-the-architect-of-modern-hyderabad/articleshow/63658107.cms">"A visual ode to Mir Osman Ali Khan, the architect of modern"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 8 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/a-visual-ode-to-mir-osman-ali-khan-the-architect-of-modern-hyderabad/articleshow/63658107.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=A+visual+ode+to+Mir+Osman+Ali+Khan%2C+the+architect+of+modern&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2Fa-visual-ode-to-mir-osman-ali-khan-the-architect-of-modern-hyderabad%2Farticleshow%2F63658107.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenizamsmuseum.com/seventh-nizam.html">":: The Seventh Nizam - the Nizam's Museum Hyderabad, Telangana, India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517095333/http://thenizamsmuseum.com/seventh-nizam.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3A%3A+The+Seventh+Nizam+-+the+Nizam%27s+Museum+Hyderabad%2C+Telangana%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthenizamsmuseum.com%2Fseventh-nizam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f682-118"><a href="#cite_ref-f682_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkegame2013" class="citation book cs1">Ikegame, A. (2013). Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the present. Routledge/Edinburgh South Asian Studies Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-23909-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-23909-0"><bdi>978-1-136-23909-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princely+India+Re-imagined%3A+A+Historical+Anthropology+of+Mysore+from+1799+to+the+present&rft.series=Routledge%2FEdinburgh+South+Asian+Studies+Series&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-23909-0&rft.aulast=Ikegame&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2013" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Mir Ayoob Ali (23 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/23117859.cms">"Nizam paid 128 kg in gold coins as meher to first wife"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185223/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-paid-128-kg-in-gold-coins-as-meher-to-first-wife/articleshow/23117859.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Nizam+paid+128+kg+in+gold+coins+as+meher+to+first+wife&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Mir+Ayoob+Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F23117859.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-g965-120"><a href="#cite_ref-g965_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaganath" class="citation book cs1">Jaganath, S. The History of Nizam's Railways System. 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Viking. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-83997-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-83997-1"><bdi>978-0-670-83997-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Nizam%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Mir+Osman+Ali+Khan&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-670-83997-1&rft.aulast=Bawa&rft.aufirst=Basant+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh45uAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dnizam%2B%2522wives%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMir_Ayoob_Ali_Khan2018" class="citation news cs1">Mir Ayoob Ali Khan (19 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/last-surviving-son-of-nizam-fazal-jah-dies/articleshow/62975984.cms">"Last surviving son of Nizam, Fazal Jah, dies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220040300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/last-surviving-son-of-nizam-fazal-jah-dies/articleshow/62975984.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Last+surviving+son+of+Nizam%2C+Fazal+Jah%2C+dies&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft.au=Mir+Ayoob+Ali+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2Flast-surviving-son-of-nizam-fazal-jah-dies%2Farticleshow%2F62975984.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/last-surviving-son-seventh-nizam-passes-away-hyderabad-76681">"Last Surviving son of seventh Nizam passes away in Hyderabad"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193305/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/last-surviving-son-seventh-nizam-passes-away-hyderabad-76681">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Last+Surviving+son+of+seventh+Nizam+passes+away+in+Hyderabad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Flast-surviving-son-seventh-nizam-passes-away-hyderabad-76681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vijayvaani.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?aid=3427">"Menace of Black Money: Bring back Nizam's wealth first"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218145648/http://www.vijayvaani.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?aid=3427">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2018. 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Retrieved 27 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Princess+D%C3%BCrr%C3%BChsehvar+of+Berar&rft.date=2006-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1510174%2FPrincess-Durruhsehvar-of-Berar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonard2007-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Leonard2007_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2007" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Karen Isaksen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HQCvgavbQjgC&pg=PA310">Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad</a>. 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The Hindu. 7 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230191657/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/heritage-enthusiasts-pay-rich-tributes-to-seventh-nizam/article23460365.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2018. 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Retrieved 23 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thenewsminute.com&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+50+years+ago+a+sea+of+people+turned+up+for+Death+of+Hyderabads+Last+Nizam&rft.date=2017-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-50-years-ago-sea-people-turned-death-hyderabads-last-nizam-57707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327093411/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=Modern-Hyd-architect-statehood-icon-Nizam-VII-fades-24022017006023">"The Times Group"</a>. The Times of India. 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The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902195213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/modern-hyderabad-architect-and-statehood-icon-nizam-vii-fades-into-history/articleshow/57324957.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2018. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515794-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515794-9"><bdi>978-0-19-515794-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185221/https://books.google.com/books?id=daDh_x2Ne_wC&lpg=PA96&dq=Royal+Victorian+Chain+%3A+nizam&pg=PA96">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ornamentalism%3A+How+the+British+Saw+Their+Empire&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515794-9&rft.aulast=Cannadine&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdaDh_x2Ne_wC%26q%3DRoyal%2520Victorian%2520Chain%2520%253A%2520nizam%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafvi2019" class="citation news cs1">Safvi, Rana (16 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/in-the-chishti-shrine-in-ajmer/article26292437.ece">"In the Chishti shrine in Ajmer"</a>. The Hindu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=In+the+Chishti+shrine+in+Ajmer&rft.date=2019-02-16&rft.aulast=Safvi&rft.aufirst=Rana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fin-the-chishti-shrine-in-ajmer%2Farticle26292437.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>The Splendour of Hyderabad: The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture (1591–1948 A.D.) By M.A. Nayeem <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85492-20-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-85492-20-4">81-85492-20-4</a></li> <li>The Nocturnal Court: The Life of a Prince of Hyderabad By Sidq Jaisi</li> <li>Developments in Administration Under H.E.H. the Nizam VII By Shamim Aleem, M. A. Aleem <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nWYeAAAAMAAJ&q=jubilee+hall+hyderabad">Developments in Administration Under H.E.H. the Nizam VII</a></li> <li>Jewels of the Nizams (Hardcover) by Usha R. Krishnan (Author) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85832-15-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-85832-15-3">81-85832-15-3</a></li> <li>Fabulous Mogul: Nizam VII of Hyderabad By Dosoo Framjee Karaka Published 1955 D. Verschoyle, Original from the University of Michigan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSg-AAAAMAAJ&q=king+kothi+palace">Fabulous Mogul: Nizam VII of Hyderabad</a></li> <li>The Seventh Nizam: The Fallen Empire By Zubaida Yazdani, Mary Chrystal <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9510819-0-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9510819-0-X">0-9510819-0-X</a></li> <li>The Last Nizam: The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan By V.K. Bawa, Basant K. Bawa <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-83997-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-83997-3">0-670-83997-3</a></li> <li>The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad: An Archival Appraisal By Sayyid Dā'ūd Ashraf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYhMGQAACAAJ&q=The+seventh+Nizam+of+Hyderabad+:+an+archival+appraisal">The Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad: An Archival Appraisal</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghavendra_Rao1926" class="citation book cs1">Raghavendra Rao, D (27 July 1926). Misrule of the Nizam: being extracts from and translations of articles regarding the administration of Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, the Nizam of Hyderabad, Deccan. "Swarajya" Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5067242">5067242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misrule+of+the+Nizam%3A+being+extracts+from+and+translations+of+articles+regarding+the+administration+of+Mir+Osman+Ali+Khan+Bahadur%2C+the+Nizam+of+Hyderabad%2C+Deccan&rft.pub=%22Swarajya%22+Press&rft.date=1926-07-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5067242&rft.aulast=Raghavendra+Rao&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Photographs of Lord Willingdon's visit to Hyderabad in the early 1930s. 27 July 1931. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33453066">33453066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Photographs+of+Lord+Willingdon%27s+visit+to+Hyderabad+in+the+early+1930s&rft.date=1931-07-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33453066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw1914" class="citation book cs1">Law, John (1914). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Modern_Hyderabad_(Deccan)">Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)</a>. Thacker, Spink and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Hyderabad+%28Deccan%29&rft.pub=Thacker%2C+Spink+and+Co.&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FModern_Hyderabad_%28Deccan%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaruqui,_At_Empire's_End2013" class="citation book cs1">Faruqui, Munis D. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h0_xhdCScQkC&pg=PA1">"At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-century India"</a>. In Richard M. Eaton; Munis D. Faruqui; David Gilmartin; Sunil Kumar (eds.). Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03428-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03428-0"><bdi>978-1-107-03428-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=At+Empire%27s+End%3A+The+Nizam%2C+Hyderabad+and+Eighteenth-century+India&rft.btitle=Expanding+Frontiers+in+South+Asian+and+World+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+John+F.+Richards&rft.pages=1-38&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03428-0&rft.aulast=Faruqui&rft.aufirst=Munis+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh0_xhdCScQkC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMir+Osman+Ali+Khan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asaf_Jah_VII" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Asaf Jah VII">Asaf Jah VII</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.siasat.com/news/nizam-vii-took-care-people-despite-being-monarch-198446/">"The Nizam often used to call Muslims and the Hindus as his two eyes" in Siasat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19370222,00.html">The Nizam of Hyderabad on the cover of Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RW7fkzi_hA">History of Nizam's Hyderabad Deccan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telanganatoday.com/cultural-accomplishments-of-nizam-era">The progressive rule of Nizams</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Mir Osman Ali Khan </div><div><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></div>Born: 8 April 1886 Died: 24 February 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahbub_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI">Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> 1911–1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Annexed by <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #79DBFF;"><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Titles in pretence</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">— TITULAR — <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> 1948–1967 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Jah" title="Mukarram Jah">Barkat Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VIII</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yousuf_Ali_Khan,_Salar_Jung_III" title="Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III">Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Hyderabad">Prime Minister of Hyderabad</a> 1914–1919 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir Sayyid Ali Imam</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Muhyi_ad-Din_Muzaffar_Jang_Hidayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat">Muzaffar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabat_Jung" title="Salabat Jung">Salabat Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_II" title="Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II">Nizam Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Jah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Jah">Sikandar Jah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir-ud-Daulah" title="Nasir-ud-Daulah">Nasir-ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afzal-ud-Daulah" title="Afzal-ud-Daulah">Afzal-ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahboob_Ali_Khan" title="Mahboob Ali Khan">Mahboob Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mir Osman Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Jah" title="Mukarram Jah">Mukarram Jah</a> (titular)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/50px-Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/75px-Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/100px-Hyderabad_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hyderabad_State" title="List of prime ministers of Hyderabad State">Dewan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Muhammad Iwaz Khan</li> <li>Anwarullah Khan</li> <li>Khuda Banda Khan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsam_ud_Daula_Shah_Nawaz_Khan" title="Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan">Shah Nawaz Khan</a></li> <li>Raghunath Das</li> <li>Syed Lashkar Khan</li> <li>Syed Nawaz Khan</li> <li>Basalat Jung</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Sundar" title="Vitthal Sundar">Vitthal Sundar</a></li> <li>Musa Khan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viqar-ud-Daulah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viqar-ud-Daulah (page does not exist)">Viqar-ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arastu_Jah" title="Arastu Jah">Arastu Jah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renuka_Das_Bhalerao" title="Renuka Das Bhalerao">Raja Shan Rai Rayan</a></li> <li>Raja Rajindra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Alam" title="Mir Alam">Mir Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Chandu_Lal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Munir-ul-Mulk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munir-ul-Mulk (page does not exist)">Munir-ul-Mulk</a></li> <li>Ram Baksh</li> <li>Siraj-ul-Mulk</li> <li>Amjad-ul-Mulk</li> <li>Shams-ul-Umra</li> <li>Ganesh Rao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Turab_Ali_Khan,_Salar_Jung_I" title="Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I">Salar Jung I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Laiq_Ali_Khan,_Salar_Jung_II" title="Mir Laiq Ali Khan, Salar Jung II">Salar Jung II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asman_Jah" title="Asman Jah">Asman Jah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viqar-ul-Umra" title="Viqar-ul-Umra">Viqar-ul-Umra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishen_Pershad" title="Kishen Pershad">Kishen Pershad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yousuf_Ali_Khan,_Salar_Jung_III" title="Mir Yousuf Ali Khan, Salar Jung III">Salar Jung III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussain_(minister)" title="Ahmed Hussain (minister)">Amin Jung</a></li> <li>Sayyid Ali Imam</li> <li>Faridoon-ul-Mulk</li> <li>Wali-ud-Daulah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Hydari" title="Akbar Hydari">Akbar Hydari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad_Said_Khan_Chhatari" title="Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari">Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ismail" title="Mirza Ismail">Mirza Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehdi_Yar_Jung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehdi Yar Jung (page does not exist)">Mehdi Yar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Laiq_Ali" title="Mir Laiq Ali">Mir Laiq Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Niloufer" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Niloufer">Princess Niloufer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Durrushevar" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Durrushevar">Princess Durrushevar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/21px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/32px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg/42px-Crown_of_Saint_Edward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="222" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Royalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Royalty">Royalty</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468298#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000025335465">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58076460">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/174049/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmBgc9VPYmyPTpFXrKBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1037839358">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85345018">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277892505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1037839358">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xk9nmd">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&oldid=1259528235">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan&oldid=1259528235</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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