CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913520a2ed5b4ca1',cH: 'r3DNhJag388.htKtbR9ofzyBIhr7U8VFrksm0nFJ4iM-1739788493-1.2.1.1-wRHMIy5kaYaCL0l3KVGKIHs.che97x1VaippLz.TFw9OZxYuP95IC4NJWGy_btrR',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Reshaa%20Alruwaili&__cf_chl_tk=hKw3MSjoPZUDCTrm946GJUVys.sc93HxKDBbbXZhcyE-1739788493-1.0.1.1-kI6owtots9Y8pSAtYOsRK3J83Fvw79uDrr1W.f2JUNY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788493',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Reshaa%20Alruwaili&__cf_chl_f_tk=hKw3MSjoPZUDCTrm946GJUVys.sc93HxKDBbbXZhcyE-1739788493-1.0.1.1-kI6owtots9Y8pSAtYOsRK3J83Fvw79uDrr1W.f2JUNY",md: "OMkB5DHUwhT87g_HYaCDWeGK_TG6lcURxUCxO387Adc-1739788493-1.2.1.1-fxYIv_BfU89Y8tkXyPY5nRUGeLgOPTt5xh9izGL0TNqsTngqGPsF7F8cP23PbdIHDLaDQnkFehkOWYBeUaFfUlApE.8UkN.xoXySUwF9APo5rgmUY9lF.CiY_xfPHMLr8wNj8ILJPV5IZC4EBA08KmpaBBJkBL544z1sd_Eqy9z7Q9kyf6v3SPb5hSBTvDVpjHFxO2MmrELMK4MORasfc5Qkl7bh6oLPokoL9exlYF4sD4DOhJL237beM7OV2fOW4fJiKKsph0d_7_mIgycWTnzJJFEKYtQfMF92LwfTgavEUxevbkkWCMN9Y52AePb.b.2cSbsainCSj4Qp6iQBUF65L_VOifIO67kRlIXYQJvqP7yQhZH6yQo7hXlZxImBoYSqCF6xRkEHB4lChWzYxo731ena3BIU58NuoUFl7Z0mCaSlYdQGXgteSurugT4H6TOVvGUx0dcTyXtk1OqZbgYMFqhjaAaF5kIWOMKav083JwB5MEj2p.nhCaIohN8lYDs6PEb4rR2QyCfkchTLv8crmO0S5eOZZ38s1BYUpJj5DqgO1BYkEjz1p6wsWP5UuSOom_u6Ojrk9_kBa2zIqjkbnPki0BTWLNQDeO9c7cNFJaU26azcEwT4Va1VlqKU6Rw.IUw.8qp8iGLxg3QD.31s3a6YZzvHpzkuUU7jkv3DwoTPzjuf1W8eYKtgS9BTyVKb6sFcXLo9.ke35jdVIg5MMkYycSgt4PHWPGMa9JP6laxkHe_t7uEGHXSIOb6FoZHQ9AprjN5EGSHJkoRKaW6WVA80m3xVKN5.w8XjjXvVmkyNuMZzMSDa.gCC6fOBDNaW.Wa54OmG9xj4szw.z5Ywwhxq.JNUsK02BaEo1ac6xRH6IH5G2ya5FAkLYPt9sgoF2WroZUZOUrfsv4MtiiC20TSCOPXHNEb344fiaWDia1LXUeHhFJrZhhgtnbQvDekH_afZAvfGc9518xrk6MyRbzK9UbRRKqFOa9g3DevcbzvWqqHPr_RtFSN6HUeAzZZwCJYKikSQ_qnyDHs7Y4aJTMlNlGh1s_wRJg68bvYuOf7Ku03obqnoArnRKlVmwUsSk68.UCFOvv9LOOikUKZ4pFlfuOlud5cwlbiYB7.KiOC8cpDhsXZUGBdZRALsYdmFtz3vqI.ETFH.Y0iTQo.0TxXsHGkj5xjLpk4Or7tLSlEMVviatpFIU1.IjBhBMTO6SQZXVjnE8bz01MuXdPd7JIiriitE8dlOoLlpQoL5LJX44E.njwqFvoFzQaMX3X.h7tw4eFJhsdBWfOw6SyOnhDckNwWWSx6MiyvHiozHURUuaPmBDaTNltcBdaFhB0SRlLG_7YbMl6aFD3bEHsV1F6pldyzYFJeUd7tQeZAfPNQjxcLP4i_QN_nAz_JP8Wc_SfLMBIkI8vvzNOyXeaZs5GVchG0honti4esvEUPn0ncAj85l7MR3VlZJN_nwaGRntZsQEW_1q1F7yg.DVIayB6GfUGShwlDIoi7B4cKII1JNRFmDccE28Fb4uVdwNZfMu0E9.e9shysPX1fma2LdEWQhEVyijTN1terdCYdTOwJqG9txZmr9M6Fcfcwsb5ytv6lxm.35YxCIHj6XMOVc9Sf.Jhd0vEhxP5flKexCwp8N8pG_7noqmauYAk9wS76xobyokKeqlD07a077WE5TdYUSwZ676YtCgdmxhmM1LJFMV12y0_kttmH5Q253dhcE5ao4IT97qOlWTC9IYl3emDcuazmMOkvecDVMw1gLHvz0bUjirBC7sU0OGaIG1BH8sRzoJPVAJPV0ozvjTtSCjc_C8njS7cCk.ciZTn9bz3gH47urgnu9Tg6ve053lB2dfUzM0nvchBIpUDdx.Uhk_fbStUtvEFgrGP59Llo77TG9f5xbPkk5Sg_IpHxzaX30Aned4Km54L8kw6bbD3NanNY7epr7pt1cAlq3nMc",mdrd: "PO_L1tSyeCjP_R99l0yamFnM9CRw1JcUFtFEJXd5HNQ-1739788493-1.2.1.1-cRr9AuCti9PDzUUKuFvoE4t1iKbrKyaRvPOITE5LAD69Pz7s8lk2qRIsQU_dnM8gy4PVnX2suoft78GUwuDtmvhY.78ykOOWJrDqP3XhRNjlnwHjK1FVJAZ8EQNnTBehkmE_4f___1FxeTfZF3Qp4C4TpFTL7E8.T62rhTfhBQytg76jJkNEkGDgdXyDdA0.n9R5ix9vayntI2hjQrBvYIGq8EBSOhig23nbGjzKP6LjOnOxsfpd4ao5s28FhXrAIyAtaJhfBa.SxUFM7xsckj2EbpJxkeKpPQLd2WzvMwRhfPwFWj.vNGcOeSX.LcxiinCxr6cfwf0pxHAQJQdfgqVLPoF8WCUWkeexyshEcqtpn49Yii6tALHBIDWnC71abBIrkYl6WmfcVS5Xezl8zw0Au7GJ94fmd7m4Tn8UIHcY4le2MvWqFyQm4dyWEAb9rAN10zo9d2I9PG09FiT7B0KHCQFPjFuE99xV4HLOnhMt5mKdxMdJoPkdYDtLyI4FPq.HJnhDukhok13iM3Cf5SGfh4RfbwcDGH3o_xNb1PavdEQFRmwSmE6MQNIo8qFd9DRpJXsMsNhXcZtZpqVHJdvCY1HZlo8sXZyCqYF7iKgHUr8Lm8BKHAi_F7n10vHko8acgHuFpcUK.GL2diWEXoxfYiEjYDanTc1CLOA8G5BYx5NkDr1h2j.aLoNZapBqMlwtou4.2oTV5HSag5yKA7oG3PTuKzHTLMcizHLgyym8UHe9ItHPBp24OdSRp3H6.vzubQa7nfqdr9SkdcsvYk5gExaR3XQ3R01E58Ae0FgE3Ep7svE1XqazDC7y3RcUIG3Wat2VL0v48O0QDmzd_dCzIlegrg6XYAyRq2tqjUrPcKgEzMpkYhmKzfxRAWnzjJZ0RV1jahVSHN9UkpF6feMEnDOuu7eVWGFMvm23WKPRMwUANi1GuEFITQTMGbvI5tOVTOffYOy8U25OojCZbTJchEkb.MT.Ic0NuNyG_xbpGPOc3Z91riIugOFK.PX59LdtLAAZoA72IEKOF4_vnEs0vnDauHO_cfC_2Uf340Zy1xjg6CyZ8c2MV97VnjfU88Av1adByauW9bTQ1A8srjZbyskZ0W_ltvBgtBn4fVreNSz8ORYaqWQARy3bP49L_lAWEpbB8._un8mwGft.1n2WahIrrkwoSZCnwrberzWA1Kx8xbwNBm_cSLL0fnaYrsv4_11cCvRz4DPUYyTAcwzxTt9_iKwUKEdwATp.bme4cuUnFA93V9Goj3fsV1Ia1so8Zwm6JXAtgmtd.q0Fi38VrgrBz.XvXW7ptl3Bt0VcTU2G2.cfTxWwxVJuLmHN5xOYLxy00qKarF0pKAICfgDz8Dp8fJ7u40E5ri8YRW10XFQjaw0RFTluFRKvPSt_6KRCFWDdMsOJbKrSwJJhH7WYk3r3an65OeFPCPAoKjnHHgJtsJIccgD9z4ce8N9VJ.QlYgx29dk5pMmwEj_oKGeYWv46y_5E7Ml1D9UaiE90rXqn7JaS7e2hnwmAxxyxv9COdsE3hdASfi2OGjhhRA1WnlgVGBxoY5vqVC66lBBN3aZyTVKgSPMTu_GzyuFsT505Othx1Uosg_FZdhv67zKH9bdL0TVwyLOtsx6fpsmfoWSQV4ypzSHTqxEeNH5kgKmcZa_ijQj5noKrm8B4WP6.qgcRbJh1Roj7NU43JLagQT8weMzvopY5xNzf9.Bxph_jeI5gMIqs3Syn3YipSwJJSCjTPYsmSQUMad9bI_ikDu5SpgzWNkrYZge61OFn3joYCmiEs8wR6zaF5UgvJ7UPt4PjqzclVUQqy811j.NiwmDeizLgkO5cqUvzPSyWfGpuc6e0Oh1zkzFhZVZXDOeigl148eZhYK9D7VhfAFQXVcJF3lBkbk92WORTH.ArtaigHy15ctHGw8jg6rtIo2F0dEnSU1DUWadMsCkNUDvM7X2ONA2VxrRTVCEPq4mN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913520a2ed5b4ca1';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Reshaa%20Alruwaili&__cf_chl_rt_tk=hKw3MSjoPZUDCTrm946GJUVys.sc93HxKDBbbXZhcyE-1739788493-1.0.1.1-kI6owtots9Y8pSAtYOsRK3J83Fvw79uDrr1W.f2JUNY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>