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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D1%83_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%A3_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5\" title=\"Википедија:Такмичење у писању чланака/У свету Флоре и Фауне\"\u003EФлоре и фауне\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B0_2024.\" title=\"Википедија:Уређивачки маратон Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024.\"\u003EУређивачком маратону Вики воли јавну уметност и гробна обележја 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv 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значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" 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href="#Површина_сфере"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Површина сфере</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Површина_сфере-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Елиптички_аксиом" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Елиптички_аксиом"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Елиптички аксиом</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Елиптички_аксиом-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Логичка_основа" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Логичка_основа"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Логичка основа</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Логичка_основа-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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href="#Види_још"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Види још</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Види_још-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Референце" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Референце"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Референце</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Референце-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спољашње_везе" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спољашње_везе"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Спољашње везе</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спољашње_везе-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Еуклидова геометрија</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 83" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidiese_meetkunde" title="Euklidiese meetkunde — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Euklidiese meetkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%8E%E1%88%9C%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA" title="ዩክሊዳዊ ጂዎሜትሪ — амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩክሊዳዊ ጂዎሜትሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندسة إقليدية — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة إقليدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa_eucl%C3%ADdea" title="Xeometría euclídea — астуријски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeometría euclídea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астуријски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evklid_h%C9%99nd%C9%99s%C9%99si" title="Evklid həndəsəsi — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Evklid həndəsəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri_Euklides" title="Geometri Euklides — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geometri Euklides" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometri_Euclid" title="Geometri Euclid — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geometri Euclid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евклидова геометрия — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евклидова геометрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Евклид геометрияһы — башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Евклид геометрияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Эўклідава геаметрыя — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эўклідава геаметрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Эўклідава геамэтрыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эўклідава геамэтрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry" title="Euclidean geometry — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Euclidean geometry" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ইউক্লিডীয় জ্যামিতি — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউক্লিডীয় জ্যামিতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euclidiana" title="Geometria euclidiana — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geometria euclidiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometreg_Euclidaidd" title="Geometreg Euclidaidd — велшки" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Geometreg Euclidaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="велшки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Евклид геометрийĕ — чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Евклид геометрийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukleidovsk%C3%A1_geometrie" title="Eukleidovská geometrie — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eukleidovská geometrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidisk_geometri" title="Euklidisk geometri — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Euklidisk geometri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidische_Geometrie" title="Euklidische Geometrie — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Euklidische Geometrie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukleidese_geomeetria" title="Eukleidese geomeetria — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eukleidese geomeetria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ευκλείδεια γεωμετρία — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευκλείδεια γεωμετρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry" title="Euclidean geometry — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Euclidean geometry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%ADa_euclidiana" title="Geometría euclidiana — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geometría euclidiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADklida_geometrio" title="Eŭklida geometrio — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭklida geometrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euklidear" title="Geometria euklidear — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geometria euklidear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هندسه اقلیدسی — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هندسه اقلیدسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добар чланак"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie_euclidienne" title="Géométrie euclidienne — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géométrie euclidienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa_euclidiana" title="Xeometría euclidiana — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeometría euclidiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_Geometry" title="Euclidean Geometry — кикују" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Euclidean Geometry" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикују" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF" title="યુક્લિડિયન ભૂમિતિ — гуџарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યુક્લિડિયન ભૂમિતિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуџарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid_K%C3%AD-h%C3%B2" title="Euclid Kí-hò — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Euclid Kí-hò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גאומטריה אוקלידית — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאומטריה אוקלידית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="यूक्लिडीय ज्यामिति — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूक्लिडीय ज्यामिति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidska_geometrija" title="Euklidska geometrija — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Euklidska geometrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էվկլիդեսյան երկրաչափություն — јерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էվկլիդեսյան երկրաչափություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="јерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euclidea" title="Geometria euclidea — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geometria euclidea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="ユークリッド幾何学 — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユークリッド幾何学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евклидтік геометрия — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Евклидтік геометрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Евклид геометриясы — киргиски" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Евклид геометриясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಯೂಕ್ಲಿಡೀಯ ಜ್ಯಾಮಿತಿ — канада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೂಕ್ಲಿಡೀಯ ಜ್ಯಾಮಿತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C_%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98%ED%95%99" title="유클리드 기하학 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유클리드 기하학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_Euclidea" title="Geometria Euclidea — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geometria Euclidea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eikl%C4%ABda_%C4%A3eometrija" title="Eiklīda ģeometrija — летонски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiklīda ģeometrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="летонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidin%C4%97_geometrija" title="Euklidinė geometrija — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Euklidinė geometrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeometria_euclidal" title="Jeometria euclidal — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeometria euclidal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/euklidi_tamcmaci" title="euklidi tamcmaci — ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="euklidi tamcmaci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklideszi_geometria" title="Euklideszi geometria — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Euklideszi geometria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Евклидова геометрија — македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евклидова геометрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="യൂക്ലിഡിയൻ ജ്യാമിതി — малајалам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂക്ലിഡിയൻ ജ്യാമിതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Евклидийн геометр — монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Евклидийн геометр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidische_meetkunde" title="Euclidische meetkunde — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Euclidische meetkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidsk_geometri" title="Euklidsk geometri — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Euklidsk geometri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidsk_geometri" title="Euklidsk geometri — норвешки нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Euklidsk geometri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвешки нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euclidiana" title="Geometria euclidiana — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geometria euclidiana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevklid_geometriyasi" title="Yevklid geometriyasi — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevklid geometriyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometr%C3%ACa_euclid%C3%A9a" title="Geometrìa euclidéa — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Geometrìa euclidéa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euklidesowa" title="Geometria euklidesowa — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geometria euklidesowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometria_euclidiana" title="Geometria euclidiana — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geometria euclidiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrie_euclidian%C4%83" title="Geometrie euclidiană — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geometrie euclidiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евклидовска геометрия — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Евклидовска геометрия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евклидова геометрия — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евклидова геометрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeometria_euklidiane" title="Gjeometria euklidiane — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeometria euklidiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="යූක්ලිඩියානු ජ්‍යාමිතිය — синхалешки" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යූක්ලිඩියානු ජ්‍යාමිතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giomitr%C3%ACa_euclidea" title="Giomitrìa euclidea — сицилијански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giomitrìa euclidea" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry" title="Euclidean geometry — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Euclidean geometry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidovsk%C3%A1_geometria" title="Euklidovská geometria — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Euklidovská geometria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evklidska_geometrija" title="Evklidska geometrija — словеначки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evklidska geometrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словеначки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئەندازەی ئیقلیدسی — централни курдски" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازەی ئیقلیدسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="централни курдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidova_geometrija" title="Euklidova geometrija — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Euklidova geometrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidinen_geometria" title="Euklidinen geometria — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euklidinen geometria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euklidisk_geometri" title="Euklidisk geometri — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Euklidisk geometri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="யூக்ளீட் வடிவியல் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூக்ளீட் வடிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Евклидча геометрия — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Евклидча геометрия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="เรขาคณิตแบบยุคลิด — тајски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรขาคณิตแบบยุคลิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ACnh_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Euclid" title="Hình học Euclid — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hình học Euclid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ҳандасаи уқлидусӣ — таџички" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳандасаи уқлидусӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таџички" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96klid_geometrisi" title="Öklid geometrisi — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öklid geometrisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Евклідова геометрія — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Евклідова геометрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%87%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="欧几里得几何 — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧几里得几何" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%87%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="欧几里得几何 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧几里得几何" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B0%8F%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="歐氏幾何 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="歐氏幾何" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" title="歐幾里得幾何 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐幾里得幾何" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷⵜ — стандардни марокански тамазигт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандардни марокански тамазигт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg/250px-Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg/375px-Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg/500px-Sanzio_01_Euclid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption>Детаљ из <a href="/wiki/Raphael" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphael">Рафаелове</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_School_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="The School of Athens">Атинске школе</a></i> са грчким математичарем – који можда представља <a href="/wiki/Euclid" class="mw-redirect" title="Euclid">Еуклида</a> или <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Archimedes">Архимеда</a> – користећи <a href="/wiki/Compass_(drafting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compass (drafting)">шестар</a> за цртање геометријске конструкције.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Еуклидова геометрија</b> је <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геометрија">геометрија</a> изграђена на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аксиома">аксиомама</a> <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_geometrija" title="Apsolutna geometrija">апсолутне геометрије</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Еуклид">Еуклидовом</a> аксиому („<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Постулат паралелности">петом постулату</a>“) о <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Паралелност (геометрија)">паралелним</a> правама: кроз <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Тачка (геометрија)">тачку</a> <i>А</i> која не лежи на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Права (линија)">правој</a> <i>а</i>, у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Раван">равни</a> која је одређена тачком <i>А</i> и правом <i>а</i>, може се повући само једна права која не сече праву <i>а</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Иако су многи Еуклидови резултати већ раније били наведени,<sup id="cite_ref-eves1_19_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eves1_19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Еуклид је био први који је организовао ове тврдње у <a href="/wiki/Logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Logic">логички систем</a> у коме се сваки резултат <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical proof">доказује</a></i> из аксиома и претходно доказаних теорема.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Еуклидову геометрију често називају <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Елементарна геометрија">елементарна геометрија</a>. Геометрију која се изучава у средњој школи такође називају Еуклидова геометрија и то је у вези с чињеницом да је њену прву систематску изградњу изложио <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Античка Грчка">старогрчки</a> геометар Еуклид у 3. веку п. н. е. у својој књизи Елементи (в. <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Еуклидови Елементи">Еуклидови Елементи</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Елементи</i> почињу <i>геометријом равни</i>, која се још увек учи у <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary school">средњој школи</a> као први <a href="/wiki/Axiomatic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiomatic system">аксиоматски систем</a> и први примери <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical proof">математичких доказа</a>. Затим се прелази на <a href="/wiki/Solid_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid geometry">чврсту геометрију</a> <a href="/wiki/Three_dimensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Three dimensions">три димензије</a>. Велики део <i>Елемента</i> наводи резултате онога што се данас назива <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Алгебра">алгебра</a> и <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Number theory">теорија бројева</a>, објашњене геометријским језиком.<sup id="cite_ref-eves1_19_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eves1_19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Прва <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геометрија">геометрија</a> различита од Еуклидове геометрије била је <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хиперболичка геометрија">геометрија Лобачевског</a>, коју је изградио велики <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија">руски</a> математичар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Николај Лобачевски">Лобачевски</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Више од две хиљаде година, придев „еуклидски“ је био непотребан, јер су Еуклидови аксиоми изгледали толико интуитивно очигледни (са могућим изузетком <a href="/wiki/Parallel_postulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel postulate">паралелног постулата</a>) да су се теореме доказане из њих сматрале апсолутно тачним, и стога ниједна друга врста геометрије није била могућа. Данас су, међутим, познате многе друге <a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-consistent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-consistent (страница не постоји)">самодоследне</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Euclidean geometry">нееуклидске геометрије</a>, од којих су прве откривене почетком 19. века. Импликација <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" class="mw-redirect" title="General relativity">опште теорије релативности</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Einstein">Алберта Ајнштајна</a> је да сам физички простор није еуклидски, а <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-dimensional space">еуклидски простор</a> је добра апроксимација за њега само на малим удаљеностима (у односу на јачину <a href="/wiki/Gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity">гравитационог поља</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Површина_сфере"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.80.D1.88.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Површина сфере</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Површина сфере”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Површина сфере"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Површина сфере</b> је другачија репрезентација нееуклидске геометрије. Ако највеће кругове сфере сматрамо правама њихова геометрија ће задовољавати све аксиоме како Еуклидове, тако и геометрије Лобачевског осим аксиоме паралелности. Велики кругови сфере се увек секу. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Елиптички_аксиом"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BC"></span>Елиптички аксиом</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Елиптички аксиом”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Елиптички аксиом"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Елиптички аксиом: <i>Кроз тачку која не лежи на датој правој не пролазе ниједна права која с датом правом лежи у истој равни и не сече ову праву.</i> </p> <ul><li>Последица 1: <i>Три тачке које леже на правама, великим круговима сфере, формирају троугао чији је збир углова већи од 180°</i>.</li> <li>Последица 2: <i>Повећањем троугла расте његов збир унутрашњих углова</i>.</li> <li>Последица 3: <i>Однос обима и пречника круга мањи је од π.</i></li></ul> <p>Геометрије без аксиоме паралелности назива се <a href="/wiki/Rimanova_geometrija" title="Rimanova geometrija">Риманова геометрија</a>, или <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_geometrija" title="Apsolutna geometrija">Апсолутна геометрија</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Логичка_основа"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Логичка основа</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Логичка основа”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Логичка основа"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Класична_логика"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Класична логика</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Класична логика”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Класична логика"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Еуклид је често користио метод <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83" title="Свођење на контрадикцију">доказивања противречношћу</a>, те стога традиционално представљање Еуклидове геометрије претпоставља <a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical logic (страница не постоји)">класичну логику</a>, у којој је сваки исказ било тачан или нетачан, тј. за било који предлог П, предлог „П или не П” аутоматски је тачно. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Савремени_стандарди_ригорозности"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8"></span>Савремени стандарди ригорозности</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Савремени стандарди ригорозности”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Савремени стандарди ригорозности"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Постављање еуклидске геометрије на чврсту аксиоматску основу била је преокупација математичара вековима.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Улогу <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primitive_notion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primitive notion (страница не постоји)">примитивних појмова</a>, или недефинисаних концепата, јасно је изнео <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Padoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Padoa (страница не постоји)">Алесандро Падоа</a> из <a href="/wiki/%D0%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ђузепе Пеано">Пеанове</a> делегације на конференцији у Паризу 1900. године:<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revue_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revue-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27428402">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... кад почнемо да формулишемо теорију, можемо да замислимо да су недефинисани симболи потпуно лишени значења и да су недоказани предлози једноставно услови наметнути недефинисаним симболима. </p><p>Тада је <i>систем идеја</i> који смо у почетку изабрали једноставно <i>једно тумачење</i> недефинисаних симбола; али..ово тумачење читатељ може занемарити и слободно га у свом уму заменити <i>другим тумачењем</i> .. које задовољава услове ... </p><p><i>Логична</i> питања тако постају потпуно независна од <i>емпиријских</i> или <i>психолошких</i> питања ... </p><p> Тада се систем недефинисаних симбола може сматрати <i>апстракцијом</i> добијеном из <i>специјализованих теорија</i> које настају када ... систем недефинисаних симбола сукцесивно замењује свака од интерпретација ...</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Padoa, <i>Essai d'une théorie algébrique des nombre entiers, avec une Introduction logique à une théorie déductive quelconque</i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Односно, математика је знање neзависно од контекста у хијерархијском оквиру. Као што је рекао <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертранд Расел">Бертранд Расел</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Newman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r27428402"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ако се наша хипотеза односи на <i>било шта</i>, а не на неку једну или више одређених ствари, онда наша закључивања чине математику. Дакле, математика се може дефинисати као предмет у којем никада не знамо о чему говоримо, нити да ли је истина оно што говоримо.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Bertrand Russell, <i>Mathematics and the metaphysicians</i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Такви се темељни приступи крећу између <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalism (страница не постоји)">фундаментализма</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formalism_(mathematics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formalism (mathematics) (страница не постоји)">формализма</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Види_још"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B8_.D1.98.D0.BE.D1.88"></span>Види још</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Види још”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Види још"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neeuklidska_geometrija" title="Neeuklidska geometrija">Нееуклидска геометрија</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Референце"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B5"></span>Референце</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уредите одељак „Референце”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди извор одељка: Референце"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coxeter, H.S.M. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoge0000hsmc"><i>Introduction to Geometry</i></a>. New York: Wiley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=H.S.M.&rft.aulast=Coxeter&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Geometry&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoge0000hsmc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eves, Howard (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofgeometry0001eves"><i>A Survey of Geometry</i></a>. Allyn and Bacon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.aulast=Eves&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Geometry&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Allyn+and+Bacon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofgeometry0001eves&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eves1_19-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eves1_19_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eves1_19_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEves1963">Eves 1963</a>, стр. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEves1963">Eves 1963</a>, стр. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bunt, Lucas Nicolaas Hendrik; Jones, Phillip S.; Bedient, Jack D. (1988). <i>The Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics</i>. Dover.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Bedient%2C+Jack+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Phillip+S.&rft.aufirst=Lucas+Nicolaas+Hendrik&rft.aulast=Bunt&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Roots+of+Elementary+Mathematics&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Dover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Busard, H.L.L. (2005). „Introduction to the Text”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tiHUN6jjm6MC&pg=PA1"><i>Campanus of Novara and Euclid's Elements</i></a>. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-515-08645-5" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-3-515-08645-5">978-3-515-08645-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Text&rft.aufirst=H.L.L.&rft.aulast=Busard&rft.btitle=Campanus+of+Novara+and+Euclid%27s+Elements&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-3-515-08645-5&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtiHUN6jjm6MC%26pg%3DPA1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Callahan, Daniel; Casey, John (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.org/ebooks/21076"><i>Euclid's "Elements" Redux</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Casey%2C+John&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.btitle=Euclid%27s+%22Elements%22+Redux&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F21076&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEves2012" class="citation">Eves, Howard (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J9QcmFHj8EwC&pg=PA59"><i>Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics</i></a>, Courier Dover Publications, стр. 59, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9780486132204" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9780486132204">9780486132204</a>, „<i>We also owe to Lambert the first systematic development of the theory of hyperbolic functions and, indeed, our present notation for these functions.</i>”</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.aulast=Eves&rft.btitle=Foundations+and+Fundamental+Concepts+of+Mathematics&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780486132204&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ9QcmFHj8EwC%26pg%3DPA59&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliffe2006" class="citation">Ratcliffe, John (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JV9m8o-ok6YC&pg=PA99"><i>Foundations of Hyperbolic Manifolds</i></a>, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, <b>149</b>, Springer, стр. 99, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9780387331973" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9780387331973">9780387331973</a>, „<i>That the area of a hyperbolic triangle is proportional to its angle defect first appeared in Lambert's monograph </i>Theorie der Parallellinien<i>, which was published posthumously in 1786.</i>”</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Hyperbolic+Manifolds&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780387331973&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Springer&rft.series=Graduate+Texts+in+Mathematics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJV9m8o-ok6YC%26pg%3DPA99&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler (1973), p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_11-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_11-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A detailed discussion can be found in. <cite class="citation book">James T. Smith (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWpWplOVQ6MC&pg=RA1-PA19">„Chapter 2: Foundations”</a>. <i>Methods of geometry</i>. Wiley. стр. 19 <i>ff</i>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-471-25183-6" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-471-25183-6">0-471-25183-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Foundations&rft.au=James+T.+Smith&rft.btitle=Methods+of+geometry&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-471-25183-6&rft.pages=19+%27%27ff%27%27&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWpWplOVQ6MC%26pg%3DRA1-PA19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revue-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revue_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Société française de philosophie (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4aoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA592"><i>Revue de métaphysique et de morale, Volume 8</i></a>. Hachette. стр. 592.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fran%C3%A7aise+de+philosophie&rft.btitle=Revue+de+m%C3%A9taphysique+et+de+morale%2C+Volume+8&rft.date=1900&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=592&rft.pub=Hachette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4aoLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA592&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newman-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newman_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bertrand Russell (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_b2ShqRj8YMC&pg=PA1577">„Mathematics and the metaphysicians”</a>. Ур.: James Roy Newman. <i>The world of mathematics</i>. <b>3</b> (Reprint of Simon and Schuster 1956 изд.). Courier Dover Publications. стр. 1577. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-486-41151-6" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-486-41151-6">0-486-41151-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Mathematics+and+the+metaphysicians&rft.au=Bertrand+Russell&rft.btitle=The+world+of+mathematics&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=Reprint+of+Simon+and+Schuster+1956&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-486-41151-6&rft.pages=1577&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_b2ShqRj8YMC%26pg%3DPA1577&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уредите одељак „Литература”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Уреди извор одељка: Литература"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440192">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBall1960" class="citation book">Ball, W.W. Rouse (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi0000ball"><i>A Short Account of the History of Mathematics</i></a> (4th ed. [Reprint. Original publication: London: Macmillan & Co., 1908] изд.). New York: Dover Publications. стр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi0000ball/page/50">50</a>-62. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-486-20630-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-486-20630-1">978-0-486-20630-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=W.W.+Rouse&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.btitle=A+Short+Account+of+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.date=1960&rft.edition=4th+ed.+%5BReprint.+Original+publication%3A+London%3A+Macmillan+%26+Co.%2C+1908%5D&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-486-20630-1&rft.pages=50-62&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshortaccountofhi0000ball&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNagel,_E.Newman,_J.R.1958" class="citation book">Nagel, E. & Newman, J.R. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gdelsproof00nage"><i>Gödel's Proof</i></a>. New York University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Nagel%2C+E.&rft.au=Newman%2C+J.R.&rft.btitle=G%C3%B6del%27s+Proof&rft.date=1958&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgdelsproof00nage&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=H.S.M._Coxeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.S.M. Coxeter (страница не постоји)">Coxeter, H.S.M.</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoge0000hsmc"><i>Introduction to Geometry</i></a>. New York: Wiley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=H.S.M.&rft.aulast=Coxeter&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Geometry&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoge0000hsmc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. L. Heath (страница не постоји)">Heath, Thomas L.</a> (1956). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirteenbooksofe00eucl"><i>The Thirteen Books of Euclid's <span class="nowrap">Elements<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Неопходна слободна регистрација"><img alt="Неопходна слободна регистрација" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></i></a></span> (2nd ed. [Facsimile. Original publication: Cambridge University Press, 1925] изд.). New York: Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.btitle=The+Thirteen+Books+of+Euclid%27s+Elements&rft.date=1956&rft.edition=2nd+ed.+%5BFacsimile.+Original+publication%3A+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+1925%5D&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirteenbooksofe00eucl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> In 3 vols.: vol. 1 <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-486-60088-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-486-60088-2">0-486-60088-2</a>, vol. 2 <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-486-60089-0" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-486-60089-0">0-486-60089-0</a>, vol. 3 <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-486-60090-4" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-486-60090-4">0-486-60090-4</a>. Heath's authoritative translation of Euclid's Elements, plus his extensive historical research and detailed commentary throughout the text.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_W._Misner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles W. Misner (страница не постоји)">Misner, Charles W.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_S._Thorne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kip S. Thorne (страница не постоји)">Thorne, Kip S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler, John Archibald</a> (1973). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravitation_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravitation (book) (страница не постоји)">Gravitation</a></i>. W.H. Freeman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Thorne%2C+Kip+S.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+John+Archibald&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rft.aulast=Misner&rft.btitle=Gravitation&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mlodinow (2001). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/euclidswindowsto00mlod"><i>Euclid's <span class="nowrap">Window<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Неопходна слободна регистрација"><img alt="Неопходна слободна регистрација" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></i></a></span>. The Free Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Mlodinow&rft.btitle=Euclid%27s+Window&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuclidswindowsto00mlod&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Алфред Тарски">Tarski, Alfred</a> (1951). <i>A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft.aulast=Tarski&rft.btitle=A+Decision+Method+for+Elementary+Algebra+and+Geometry&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEves1990" class="citation book">Eves, Howard (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000eves"><i>An Introduction to the History of Mathematics</i></a>. Saunders. стр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000eves/page/141">141</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-03-029558-4" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-03-029558-4">978-0-03-029558-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.aulast=Eves&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-03-029558-4&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Saunders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohi0000eves&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTabak2014" class="citation book">Tabak, John (2014). <i>Geometry: the language of space and form</i>. Infobase Publishing. стр. xiv. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-8160-4953-0" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-8160-4953-0">978-0-8160-4953-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Tabak&rft.btitle=Geometry%3A+the+language+of+space+and+form&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-4953-0&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTurnerBlackledgeAndrews1998" class="citation book">Turner, Martin J.; Blackledge, Jonathan M.; Andrews, Patrick R. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oLXgFdfKp78C&pg=PA1"><i>Fractal Geometry in Digital Imaging</i></a>. Academic Press. стр. 1. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-12-703970-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-12-703970-1">978-0-12-703970-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Patrick+R.&rft.au=Blackledge%2C+Jonathan+M.&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.btitle=Fractal+Geometry+in+Digital+Imaging&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-12-703970-1&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoLXgFdfKp78C%26pg%3DPA1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1991" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Benjamin_Boyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Benjamin Boyer (страница не постоји)">Boyer, C. B.</a> (1991) [1989]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye"><i>A History of Mathematics</i></a> (Second edition, revised by Uta C. Merzbach изд.). New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-471-54397-8" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-471-54397-8">978-0-471-54397-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=C.+B.&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematics&rft.date=1991&rft.edition=Second+edition%2C+revised+by+Uta+C.+Merzbach&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-471-54397-8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmathema00boye&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Nikolai I. Lobachevsky, <i>Pangeometry</i>, translator and editor: A. Papadopoulos, Heritage of European Mathematics Series, Vol. 4, European Mathematical Society, 2010.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKappraff2014" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Kappraff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Kappraff (страница не постоји)">Kappraff, Jay</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8952"><i>A Participatory Approach to Modern Geometry</i></a>. World Scientific Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-981-4556-70-5" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-981-4556-70-5">978-981-4556-70-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.aulast=Kappraff&rft.btitle=A+Participatory+Approach+to+Modern+Geometry&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-981-4556-70-5&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldscientific.com%2Fworldscibooks%2F10.1142%2F8952&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Mlodinow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Mlodinow (страница не постоји)">Leonard Mlodinow</a>, <i>Euclid's Window – The Story of Geometry from Parallel Lines to Hyperspace</i>, UK edn. Allen Lane, 1992.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStaal1999" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frits_Staal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frits Staal (страница не постоји)">Staal, Frits</a> (1999), „Greek and Vedic Geometry”, <i>Journal of Indian Philosophy</i>, <b>27</b> (1–2): 105—127, <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1004364417713">10.1023/A:1004364417713</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Greek+and+Vedic+Geometry&rft.aufirst=Frits&rft.aulast=Staal&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Philosophy&rft.pages=105-127&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1004364417713&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bonola, R. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noneuclideangeom00bono"><i>Non-Euclidean geometry: A critical and historical study of its development</i></a>. Chicago: Open Court.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Bonola%2C+R.&rft.btitle=Non-Euclidean+geometry%3A+A+critical+and+historical+study+of+its+development&rft.date=1912&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoneuclideangeom00bono&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marvin_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marvin Greenberg (страница не постоји)">Greenberg, Marvin Jay</a> (2003). <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/euclideannoneucl00gree_304"><i>Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries: development and <span class="nowrap">history<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ ограничен дужином пробне верзије, иначе неопходна претплата"><img alt="Слободан приступ ограничен дужином пробне верзије, иначе неопходна претплата" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></i></a></span> (3rd изд.). New York: Freeman. стр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/euclideannoneucl00gree_304/page/n194">177</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0716724464" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0716724464">0716724464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Marvin+Jay&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.btitle=Euclidean+and+non-Euclidean+geometries%3A+development+and+history&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0716724464&rft.pages=177&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuclideannoneucl00gree_304&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>A'Campo, Norbert and Papadopoulos, Athanase, (2012) <cite class="citation book">Strasbourg Master class on Geometry, pp (ур.). <i>Notes on hyperbolic geometry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-03719-105-7" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-3-03719-105-7">978-3-03719-105-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.btitle=Notes+on+hyperbolic+geometry&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-03719-105-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. 1–182, IRMA Lectures in Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 18, Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS), 461 pages,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter (страница не постоји)">Coxeter, H. S. M.</a>, (1942) <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noneuclideangeom0000coxe_l6f0"><i>Non-Euclidean geometry</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. 1961.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.btitle=Non-Euclidean+geometry&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoneuclideangeom0000coxe_l6f0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, Toronto</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Fenchel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Fenchel (страница не постоји)">Fenchel, Werner</a> (1989). <i>Elementary geometry in hyperbolic space</i>. De Gruyter Studies in mathematics. <b>11</b>. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=Fenchel&rft.btitle=Elementary+geometry+in+hyperbolic+space&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin-New+York&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+%26+Co.&rft.series=De+Gruyter+Studies+in+mathematics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Fenchel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Fenchel (страница не постоји)">Fenchel, Werner</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Nielsen_(mathematician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Nielsen (mathematician) (страница не постоји)">Nielsen, Jakob</a> (2003). Asmus L. Schmidt, ур. <i>Discontinuous groups of isometries in the hyperbolic plane</i>. De Gruyter Studies in mathematics. <b>29</b>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Jakob&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=Fenchel&rft.btitle=Discontinuous+groups+of+isometries+in+the+hyperbolic+plane&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+%26+Co.&rft.series=De+Gruyter+Studies+in+mathematics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Lobachevsky, Nikolai I., (2010) <cite class="citation book"><i>Pangeometry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-3-03719-087-6" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-3-03719-087-6">978-3-03719-087-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.btitle=Pangeometry&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-03719-087-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, Edited and translated by Athanase Papadopoulos, Heritage of European Mathematics, Vol. 4. Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS). xii, 310~p, /hbk</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milnor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milnor (страница не постоји)">Milnor, John W.</a>, (1982) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183548588">Hyperbolic geometry: The first 150 years</a></i>. <cite class="citation journal"><i>Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 9—24. N.S.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.chron=N.S&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.pages=9-24&rft.volume=6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Проверите вредност парамет(а)ра за датум: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:CS1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5#bad_date" title="Помоћ:CS1 грешке">помоћ</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Недостаје или је празан параметар <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:CS1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5#citation_missing_title" title="Помоћ:CS1 грешке">помоћ</a>)</span>.</li> <li>Reynolds, William F., (1993) <i>Hyperbolic Geometry on a Hyperboloid</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Mathematical_Monthly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Mathematical Monthly (страница не постоји)">American Mathematical Monthly</a> <b>100</b>  442–455.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stillwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stillwell (страница не постоји)">Stillwell, John</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQjBXxxQsucC"><i>Sources of hyperbolic geometry</i></a>. History of Mathematics. <b>10</b>. Providence, R.I.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Mathematical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Mathematical Society (страница не постоји)">American Mathematical Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-8218-0529-9" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-8218-0529-9">978-0-8218-0529-9</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Reviews" class="extiw" title="en:Mathematical Reviews">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1402697">1402697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Stillwell&rft.btitle=Sources+of+hyperbolic+geometry&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-0529-9&rft.place=Providence%2C+R.I.&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.series=History+of+Mathematics&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D1402697&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZQjBXxxQsucC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Samuels, David,. <cite class="citation journal">„Knit Theory”. <i>Discover Magazine</i>. <b>27</b> (3). март 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Knit+Theory&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Discover+Magazine&rft.volume=27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">James W. Anderson. <i>Hyperbolic Geometry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/1-85233-934-9" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/1-85233-934-9">1-85233-934-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=James+W.+Anderson&rft.btitle=Hyperbolic+Geometry&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85233-934-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, Springer (2005)</li> <li>James W. Cannon, William J. Floyd, Richard Kenyon, and Walter R. Parry (1997) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msri.org/communications/books/Book31/files/cannon.pdf">Hyperbolic Geometry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231951/http://www.msri.org/communications/books/Book31/files/cannon.pdf">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (6. јул 2010)</i>, MSRI Publications, volume 31.</li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAlexandersonGreenwalt2012" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_L._Alexanderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald L. Alexanderson (страница не постоји)">Alexanderson, Gerald L.</a>; Greenwalt, William S. (2012), „About the cover: Billingsley's Euclid in English”, <i>Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society</i>, New Series, <b>49</b> (1): 163—167, <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0273-0979-2011-01365-9">10.1090/S0273-0979-2011-01365-9</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Слободан приступ"><img alt="Слободан приступ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=About+the+cover%3A+Billingsley%27s+Euclid+in+English&rft.au=Greenwalt%2C+William+S.&rft.aufirst=Gerald+L.&rft.aulast=Alexanderson&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.pages=163-167&rft.volume=49&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2FS0273-0979-2011-01365-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benno_Artmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benno Artmann (страница не постоји)">Artmann, Benno</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/euclidcreationof0000artm"><i>Euclid – The Creation of Mathematics.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-387-98423-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-387-98423-2">0-387-98423-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Artmann%2C+Benno&rft.btitle=Euclid+%E2%80%93+The+Creation+of+Mathematics.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-387-98423-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuclidcreationof0000artm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> New York, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (1999)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Rouse_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Rouse Ball (страница не постоји)">Ball, Walter William Rouse</a> (1915) [1st ed. 1888]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shortaccountofhi00ballrich/"><i>A Short Account of the History of Mathematics</i></a> (6th изд.). MacMillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Walter+William+Rouse&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.btitle=A+Short+Account+of+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.date=1915&rft.edition=6th&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshortaccountofhi00ballrich%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Benjamin_Boyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Benjamin Boyer (страница не постоји)">Boyer, Carl B.</a> (1991). „Euclid of Alexandria”. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye"><i>A History of <span class="nowrap">Mathematics<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Неопходна слободна регистрација"><img alt="Неопходна слободна регистрација" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span></i></a></span> (Second изд.). John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/0-471-54397-7" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/0-471-54397-7">0-471-54397-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Euclid+of+Alexandria&rft.aufirst=Carl+B.&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematics&rft.date=1991&rft.edition=Second&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-471-54397-7&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmathema00boye&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Carroll">Dodgson, Charles L.</a>; Hagar, Amit (2009). „Introduction”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Uk42tX9P10C"><i>Euclid and His Modern Rivals</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-1-108-00100-7" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-1-108-00100-7">978-1-108-00100-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.au=Hagar%2C+Amit&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rft.aulast=Dodgson&rft.btitle=Euclid+and+His+Modern+Rivals&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-108-00100-7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Uk42tX9P10C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hartshorne, Robin (2000). <i>Geometry: Euclid and Beyond</i> (2nd изд.). <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York, NY</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Publishing (страница не постоји)">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/9780387986500" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/9780387986500">9780387986500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.aulast=Hartshorne&rft.btitle=Geometry%3A+Euclid+and+Beyond&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780387986500&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. L. Heath (страница не постоји)">Heath, Thomas L.</a> (1956a). <i>The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements</i>. 1. Books I and II (2nd изд.). New York: Dover Publications. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/22193354M">22193354M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.btitle=The+Thirteen+Books+of+Euclid%27s+Elements&rft.date=1956&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. L. Heath (страница не постоји)">Heath, Thomas L.</a> (1956b). <i>The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements</i>. 2. Books III to IX (2nd изд.). New York: Dover Publications. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//openlibrary.org/7650092M">7650092M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.btitle=The+Thirteen+Books+of+Euclid%27s+Elements&rft.date=1956&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. L. Heath (страница не постоји)">Heath, Thomas L.</a> (1956c). <i>The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements</i>. 3. Books X to XIII and Appendix (2nd изд.). New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/929205858">929205858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.btitle=The+Thirteen+Books+of+Euclid%27s+Elements&rft.date=1956&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929205858&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._L._Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. L. Heath (страница не постоји)">Heath, Thomas L.</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HZNr_mGFzQC"><i>A Manual of Greek Mathematics</i></a>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-486-43231-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-486-43231-1">978-0-486-43231-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Greek+Mathematics&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-486-43231-1&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HZNr_mGFzQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ketcham, Henry (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofabrahaml1154ketc/page/n6"><i>The Life of Abraham Lincoln</i></a>. New York: Perkins Book Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.aulast=Ketcham&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Abraham+Lincoln&rft.date=1901&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Perkins+Book+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofabrahaml1154ketc%2Fpage%2Fn6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a> (1594). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdl.org/en/item/10666/"><i>Kitāb taḥrīr uṣūl li-Uqlīdus</i></a> [<i>The Recension of Euclid's "Elements"</i>] (на језику: арапски).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Nasir+al-Din+al-Tusi&rft.btitle=Kit%C4%81b+ta%E1%B8%A5r%C4%ABr+u%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABl+li-Uql%C4%ABdus&rft.date=1594&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F10666%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Reynolds, Leighton Durham; Wilson, Nigel Guy (9. 5. 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7iSlvWFf1FQC"><i>Scribes and scholars: a guide to the transmission of Greek and Latin literature</i></a> (2nd изд.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-19-872145-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-19-872145-1">978-0-19-872145-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Nigel+Guy&rft.aufirst=Leighton+Durham&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.btitle=Scribes+and+scholars%3A+a+guide+to+the+transmission+of+Greek+and+Latin+literature&rft.date=1991-05-09&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-872145-1&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7iSlvWFf1FQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категорија:CS1 одржавање: Формат датума">веза</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell, Bertrand</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gm_cCZBiOhQC&pg=PA177"><i>History of Western Philosophy: Collectors Edition</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-1-135-69284-1" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-1-135-69284-1">978-1-135-69284-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.btitle=History+of+Western+Philosophy%3A+Collectors+Edition&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-135-69284-1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGm_cCZBiOhQC%26pg%3DPA177&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._V._Sarma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. V. Sarma (страница не постоји)">Sarma, K.V.</a> (1997). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helaine_Selin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helaine Selin (страница не постоји)">Selin, Helaine</a>, ур. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoiXDTXSHi4C&q=rekhaganita&pg=PA460"><i>Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-0-7923-4066-9" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-0-7923-4066-9">978-0-7923-4066-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=K.V.&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+history+of+science%2C+technology%2C+and+medicine+in+non-western+cultures&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-4066-9&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoiXDTXSHi4C%26q%3Drekhaganita%26pg%3DPA460&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Servít, František (1907). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eukleides_Servit.pdf"><i>Eukleidovy Zaklady (Elementa)</i></a> [<i>Euclid's Elements</i>] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (на језику: чешки).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Franti%C5%A1ek&rft.aulast=Serv%C3%ADt&rft.btitle=Eukleidovy+Zaklady+%28Elementa%29&rft.date=1907&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AEukleides_Servit.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sertöz, Ali Sinan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X_eIxgEACAAJ"><i>Öklidin Elemanlari: Ciltli</i></a> [<i>Euclid's Elements</i>] (на језику: турски). Tübitak. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-605-312-329-3" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-605-312-329-3">978-605-312-329-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Ali+Sinan&rft.aulast=Sert%C3%B6z&rft.btitle=%C3%96klidin+Elemanlari%3A+Ciltli&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-605-312-329-3&rft.pub=T%C3%BCbitak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX_eIxgEACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godfried_Toussaint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godfried Toussaint (страница не постоји)">Toussaint, Godfried</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematical-intelligencer_summer-1993_15_3/page/n13">„A new look at euclid's second proposition”</a>. <i>The Mathematical Intelligencer</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 12—24. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_serijski_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni serijski broj">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0343-6993">0343-6993</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26811463">26811463</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digitalni_identifikator_objekta" title="Digitalni identifikator objekta">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03024252">10.1007/BF03024252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+euclid%27s+second+proposition&rft.aufirst=Godfried&rft.aulast=Toussaint&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0343-6993&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Intelligencer&rft.pages=12-24&rft.volume=15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26811463&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_mathematical-intelligencer_summer-1993_15_3%2Fpage%2Fn13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03024252&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Waerden, Bartel Leendert (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=djUPAQAAMAAJ"><i>Science awakening</i></a>. Noordhoff International. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-90-01-93102-5" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-90-01-93102-5">978-90-01-93102-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Bartel+Leendert&rft.aulast=Waerden&rft.btitle=Science+awakening&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-01-93102-5&rft.pub=Noordhoff+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdjUPAQAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wilson, Nigel Guy (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=Nigel+Guy&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Euklid (1999). <i>Elementi I-VI</i>. Превод: Hudoletnjak Grgić, Maja. KruZak. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/953-96477-6-2" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/953-96477-6-2">953-96477-6-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.au=Euklid&rft.btitle=Elementi+I-VI&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=953-96477-6-2&rft.pub=KruZak&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спољашње_везе"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.99.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.9A.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5"></span>Спољашње везе</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Уредите одељак „Спољашње везе”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Уреди извор одељка: Спољашње везе"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Hazewinkel Michiel, ур. (2001). „Euclidean geometry”. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eom.springer.de/p/e036350.htm"><i>Encyclopaedia of Mathematics</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_broj_knjige" title="Međunarodni standardni broj knjige">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8/978-1556080104" title="Посебно:Штампани извори/978-1556080104">978-1556080104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Euclidean+geometry&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Mathematics&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feom.springer.de%2Fp%2Fe036350.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-math.mit.edu/~kedlaya/geometryunbound">Kiran Kedlaya, <i>Geometry Unbound</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026045325/http://www-math.mit.edu/~kedlaya/geometryunbound">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (26. октобар 2011) (a treatment using analytic geometry; PDF format, GFDL licensed)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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