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class="social-widget"> </div>  <div id="searchform-wrap"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="/"> <div class="oauth-search"> <i class="icon-clear-search">X</i> <input type="text" name="s" id="s" value="" /> </div> </form> </div>  <nav id="main-nav-wrap" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="main-nav" class="main-nav clearfix"><li class="page_item page-item-6 page_item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="/">OAuth.com</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="/oauth2-servers/background/">Background</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-914"><a href="/oauth2-servers/getting-ready/" data-section="1">Getting Ready</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-896 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/" data-section="2">Accessing Data in an OAuth Server</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-898"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/create-an-application/" data-section="2.1">Create an Application</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-903"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/setting-up-the-environment/" data-section="2.2">Setting up the Environment</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-907"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/authorization-request/" data-section="2.3">Authorization Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-910"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/obtaining-an-access-token/" data-section="2.4">Obtaining an Access Token</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-912"><a href="/oauth2-servers/accessing-data/making-api-requests/" data-section="4.5">Making API Requests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-28 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/" data-section="3">Signing in with Google</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-883"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/create-an-application/" data-section="3.1">Create an Application</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-886"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/setting-up-the-environment/" data-section="3.2">Setting up the Environment</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-888"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/authorization-request/" data-section="3.3">Authorization Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-891"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/getting-an-id-token/" data-section="3.4">Getting an ID Token</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-893"><a href="/oauth2-servers/signing-in-with-google/verifying-the-user-info/" data-section="3.5">Verifying the User Info</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-95 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/" data-section="4">Server-Side Apps</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-865"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/authorization-code/" data-section="4.1">Authorization Code Grant</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-869"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/example-flow/" data-section="4.2">Example Flow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-872"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/possible-errors/" data-section="4.3">Possible Errors</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-874"><a href="/oauth2-servers/server-side-apps/user-experience/" data-section="4.4">User Experience and Security Considerations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-36 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/" data-section="5">Single-Page Apps</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-856"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/authorization/" data-section="5.1">Authorization</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-850"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/example-flow/" data-section="5.2">Example Flow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-847"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/implicit-flow/" data-section="5.3">Implicit Flow for Single-Page Apps</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-854"><a href="/oauth2-servers/single-page-apps/security-considerations/" data-section="5.4">Security Considerations for Single-Page Apps</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-33 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/" data-section="6">Mobile and Native Apps</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-838"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/authorization/" data-section="6.1">Authorization</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-841"><a href="/oauth2-servers/mobile-and-native-apps/security-considerations/" data-section="6.2">Security Considerations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-138 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/making-authenticated-requests/" data-section="7">Making Authenticated Requests</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-833"><a href="/oauth2-servers/making-authenticated-requests/refreshing-an-access-token/" data-section="7.1">Refresh Tokens</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-140 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/" data-section="8">Client Registration</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-142"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/registering-new-application/" data-section="8.1">Registering a New Application</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-144"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/client-id-secret/" data-section="8.2">The Client ID and Secret</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-146"><a href="/oauth2-servers/client-registration/deleting-applications-revoking-secrets/" data-section="8.3">Deleting Applications and Revoking Secrets</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-148 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/" data-section="9">Authorization</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-161"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-request/" data-section="9.1">The Authorization Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-164"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/requiring-user-login/" data-section="9.2">Requiring User Login</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-166"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-interface/" data-section="9.3">The Authorization Interface</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-168"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-response/" data-section="9.4">The Authorization Response</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-170"><a href="/oauth2-servers/authorization/security-considerations/" data-section="9.5">Security Considerations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-174 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/" data-section="10">Scope</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-177"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/defining-scopes/" data-section="10.1">Defining Scopes</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-179"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/user-interface/" data-section="10.2">User Interface</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-181"><a href="/oauth2-servers/scope/checkboxes/" data-section="10.3">Checkboxes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-184 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/" data-section="11">Redirect URLs</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-186"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uri-registration/" data-section="11.1">Redirect URL Registration</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-188"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uris-native-apps/" data-section="11.2">Redirect URLs for Native Apps</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-190"><a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uri-validation/" data-section="11.3">Redirect URL Validation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-194 page_item_has_children current_page_item"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/" data-section="12">Access Tokens</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-196"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/authorization-code-request/" data-section="12.1">Authorization Code Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-198"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/password-grant/" data-section="12.2">Password Grant</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-200"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/client-credentials/" data-section="12.3">Client Credentials</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-202"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-response/" data-section="12.4">Access Token Response</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-204"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/self-encoded-access-tokens/" data-section="12.5">Self-Encoded Access Tokens</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-206"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-lifetime/" data-section="12.6">Access Token Lifetime</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-208"><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/refreshing-access-tokens/" data-section="12.7">Refreshing Access Tokens</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-210 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/listing-authorizations/" data-section="13">Listing Authorizations</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-212"><a href="/oauth2-servers/listing-authorizations/revoking-access/" data-section="13.1">Revoking Access</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-216"><a href="/oauth2-servers/the-resource-server/" data-section="14">The Resource Server</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-608 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/" data-section="15">OAuth for Native Apps</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-614"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/use-system-browser/" data-section="15.1">Use a System Browser</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-620"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/redirect-urls-for-native-apps/" data-section="15.2">Redirect URLs for Native Apps</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-626"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/pkce/" data-section="15.3">PKCE Extension</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-627"><a href="/oauth2-servers/oauth-native-apps/checklist-server-support-native-apps/" data-section="15.4">Checklist for Server Support for Native Apps</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-640 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/" data-section="16">OAuth for Browserless and Input-Constrained Devices</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-643"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/user-flow/" data-section="16.1">User Flow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-656"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/authorization-request/" data-section="16.2">Authorization Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-660"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/token-request/" data-section="16.3">Token Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-662"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/authorization-server-requirements/" data-section="16.4">Authorization Server Requirements</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-666"><a href="/oauth2-servers/device-flow/security-considerations/" data-section="16.5">Security Considerations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-668 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/" data-section="17">Protecting Apps with PKCE</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-670"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/authorization-request/" data-section="17.1">Authorization Request</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-673"><a href="/oauth2-servers/pkce/authorization-code-exchange/" data-section="17.2">Authorization Code Exchange</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-214"><a href="/oauth2-servers/token-introspection-endpoint/" data-section="18">Token Introspection Endpoint</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-220"><a href="/oauth2-servers/creating-documentation/" data-section="19">Creating Documentation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-108"><a href="/oauth2-servers/definitions/" data-section="20">Terminology Reference</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-136 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/" data-section="21">Differences Between OAuth 1 and 2</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-225"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/authentication-and-signatures/" data-section="21.1">Authentication and Signatures</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-227"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/user-experience-alternative-token-issuance-options/" data-section="21.2">User Experience and Alternative Token Issuance Options</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-229"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/performance-at-scale/" data-section="21.3">Performance at Scale</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-231"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/bearer-tokens/" data-section="21.4">Bearer Tokens</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-233"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/short-lived-tokens-long-lived-authorizations/" data-section="21.5">Short-lived tokens with Long-lived authorizations</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-235"><a href="/oauth2-servers/differences-between-oauth-1-2/separation-of-roles/" data-section="21.6">Separation of Roles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-676 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/" data-section="22">OpenID Connect</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-678"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/authorization-vs-authentication/" data-section="22.1">Authorization vs Authentication</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-680"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/building-an-authentication-framework/" data-section="22.2">Building an Authentication Framework</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-682"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/id-tokens/" data-section="22.3">ID Tokens</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-684"><a href="/oauth2-servers/openid-connect/summary/" data-section="22.4">Summary</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-686 page_item_has_children"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/" data-section="23">IndieAuth</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-738"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/discovery/" data-section="23.1">Discovery</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-688"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/sign-in/" data-section="23.2">IndieAuth Sign-In Workflow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-690"><a href="/oauth2-servers/indieauth/authorization/" data-section="23.3">IndieAuth Authorization Workflow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-693"><a href="/oauth2-servers/map-oauth-2-0-specs/" data-section="24">Map of OAuth 2.0 Specs</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-697"><a href="/oauth2-servers/tools-and-libraries/" data-section="25">Tools and Libraries</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-715"><a href="/oauth2-servers/appendix/">Appendix</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>  </nav>   <a id="menu-icon-close" href="#"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg width="15px" height="15px" viewBox="0 0 15 15" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <title>Close</title> <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="Design" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" 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-1.56458636,6.32890222 -1.05529018,6.32890222 L15.9161303,6.32890222 C16.4242522,6.32890222 16.8371031,6.74057879 16.8371031,7.24987497 L16.8371031,7.61096518 C16.8359266,8.12026136 16.4242522,8.53193792 15.914956,8.53193792 L15.9149259,8.53193792 Z" id="Shape-Copy" transform="translate(7.430420, 7.430420) scale(-1, 1) rotate(-315.000000) translate(-7.430420, -7.430420) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div>  </header>  </div>  <div id="body" class="clearfix">  <div id="valprop"> <header class="valprop-content"> <h1 class="page-title"> Access Tokens </h1> </header> <span class="section-number">12</span> </div>   <div id="layout" class="pagewidth-narrow clearfix">  <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <div id="page-194" class="type-page">  <time datetime="2016-08-17"></time> <h1 class="page-title"> </h1>  <div class="page-content entry-content"> <p>Access tokens are the thing that applications use to make API requests on behalf of a user. The access token represents the authorization of a specific application to access specific parts of a user’s data.</p> <p>Access tokens do not have to be of any particular format, although there are different considerations for different options which will be discussed later in this chapter. As far as the client application is concerned, the access token is an opaque string, and it will take whatever the string is and use it in an HTTP request. The resource server will need to understand what the access token means and how to validate it, but applications will never be concerned with understanding what an access token means.</p> <p>Access tokens must be kept confidential in transit and in storage. The only parties that should ever see the access token are the application itself, the authorization server, and resource server. The application should ensure the storage of the access token is not accessible to other applications on the same device. The access token can only be used over an HTTPS connection, since passing it over a non-encrypted channel would make it trivial for third parties to intercept.</p> <p>The token endpoint is where apps make a request to get an access token for a user. This section describes how to verify token requests and how to return the appropriate response and errors.</p> <ul> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/authorization-code-request/">Authorization Code</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/password-grant/">Password Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/client-credentials/">Client Credentials</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-response/">Access Token Response</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/self-encoded-access-tokens/">Self-Encoded Access Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/access-token-lifetime/">Access Token Lifetime</a></li> <li><a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/refreshing-access-tokens/">Refreshing Access Tokens</a></li> </ul> <div id="themify_builder_content-194" data-postid="194" class="themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-194 themify_builder"> </div>    </div>  </div> </div>  <nav id="page"> <div class="alignleft"> <a href="/oauth2-servers/redirect-uris/redirect-uri-validation/"><span>Previous Chapter</span>Redirect URL Validation</a> </div> <div class="alignright"> <a href="/oauth2-servers/access-tokens/authorization-code-request/"><span>Next Chapter</span>Authorization Code Request</a> </div> </nav> </div>  </div>  <div id="footerwrap" > <footer id="footer" class="pagewidth clearfix" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="Row u-Flex u-Stretch"> <div class="no-hassle Column--6 Column--medium-12"> <h3>Want to implement OAuth 2.0 without the hassle?</h3> <p>We've built API access management as a service that is secure, scalable, and always on, so you can ship a more secure product, faster.</p> <a class="Button" href="http://developer.okta.com/signup" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Secure your APIs</a> </div> <div class="brought-by Column--6 Column--medium-12"> <a href="https://developer.okta.com/" target="_blank"> OAuth.com is 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