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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_no-go_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mozambique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhodesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhodesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Rhodesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhodesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_contemporary_no-go_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_contemporary_no-go_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alleged contemporary no-go areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alleged_contemporary_no-go_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alleged contemporary no-go areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alleged_contemporary_no-go_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kenya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel_and_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_and_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Israel and Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_and_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">No-go area</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="No-go-Area – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="No-go-Area" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_%E2%80%9Eno-go%E2%80%9D" title="Strefa „no-go” – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa „no-go”" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonas_proibidas" title="Zonas proibidas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zonas proibidas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_go_-alue" title="No go -alue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="No go -alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-go-zon" title="No-go-zon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="No-go-zon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1994450#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area where authorities are unable to enforce law or sovereignty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may lack focus or may be about more than one topic</b>. In particular, the article violates <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SYNTH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SYNTH">WP:SYNTH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BROADCONCEPT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BROADCONCEPT">WP:BROADCONCEPT</a> by conflating disparate concepts to the point of equivocation.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article, possibly by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> the article and/or by introducing a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation page</a>, or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:No-go_area" title="Talk:No-go area">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A "<b>no-go area</b>" or "<b>no-go zone</b>" is a neighborhood or other geographic area where some or all outsiders are either physically prevented from entering or can enter at risk. The term includes <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">exclusion zones</a>, which are areas that are officially kept off-limits by the government, such as <a href="/wiki/Border_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Border zone">border zones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_exclusion_zone" title="Military exclusion zone">military exclusion zones</a>. It also includes areas held by <a href="/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor">violent non-state actors</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Guerillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerillas">guerillas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Insurgents" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgents">insurgents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, these areas have been held by <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgent</a> organizations attempting to topple the government,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Free_Derry" title="Free Derry">Free Derry</a>, an area in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> that was held by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> from 1969 to 1972. In other cases, the areas simply coexist alongside the state; an example is <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Walled_City" title="Kowloon Walled City">Kowloon Walled City</a>, an area in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> essentially ruled by <a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">triad</a> organizations from the 1950s to the 1970s. </p><p>In the 21st century, the term has most often been used to refer to areas that police or medical workers consider too dangerous to enter without heavy backup. Government officials and journalists from various European countries, including France<sup id="cite_ref-insecurite_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insecurite-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-merkel_says_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merkel_says-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have used the term to describe neighborhoods within their own country. This usage of the term is controversial, generating significant debate over which areas, if any, are truly off-limits to police.<sup id="cite_ref-is_molenbeek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is_molenbeek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> and conservative commentators and politicians have falsely claimed that Western countries contain areas where national law has been displaced by <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">sharia law</a> and non-<a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> are shunned.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SnopesAnumber_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SnopesAnumber-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BusinessWeekDebunking_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BusinessWeekDebunking-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_no-go_areas">Historical no-go areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical no-go areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With no government enforcement from the British colonial government aside from a few raids by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Police">Hong Kong Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Walled_City" title="Kowloon Walled City">Kowloon Walled City</a> became a haven for crime and drugs. It was only during a 1959 trial for a murder that occurred within the Walled City that the Hong Kong government was ruled to have jurisdiction there. By this time, however, the Walled City was virtually ruled by the organised crime syndicates known as <a href="/wiki/Triad_(underground_societies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triad (underground societies)">Triads</a>. Beginning in the 1950s, Triad groups such as the <a href="/wiki/14K_Triad" class="mw-redirect" title="14K Triad">14K</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yee_On" title="Sun Yee On">Sun Yee On</a> gained a stranglehold on the Walled City's countless <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">gambling parlors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opium_den" title="Opium den">opium dens</a>. The Walled City had become such a haven for criminals that police would venture into it only in large groups.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Zapatista_Autonomous_Municipalities" title="Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities">Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique">Mozambique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mozambique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a>, the Mozambique Liberation Front (<a href="/wiki/FRELIMO" title="FRELIMO">FRELIMO</a>) set up and defended no-go "liberated zones" in the north of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg/220px-Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg/330px-Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg/440px-Free_Derry_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1317804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Free_Derry_Corner" title="Free Derry Corner">Free Derry Corner</a>, the gable wall which once marked the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Free_Derry" title="Free Derry">Free Derry</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>, the term was applied to urban areas in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) and <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> could not operate openly.<sup id="cite_ref-gillespie_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillespie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1969 and 1972, <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a>/<a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> neighborhoods in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a> were sealed off with barricades by residents. The areas were policed by vigilantes and both <a href="/wiki/Official_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Official IRA">Official</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional</a> factions of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA) operated openly.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable no-go area was called <a href="/wiki/Free_Derry" title="Free Derry">Free Derry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The areas' existence was a challenge to the authority of the British government. On 31 July 1972, the British Army demolished the barricades and re-established control in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Motorman" title="Operation Motorman">Operation Motorman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the biggest British military operation since the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the areas were no longer barricaded, they remained areas where the British security forces found it difficult to operate and were regularly attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-gillespie_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillespie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, they entered only in armored convoys and in certain circumstances, such as to launch house raids.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barricaded no-go areas across several settlements in the region were set up once again by nationalist and republican rioters when <a href="/wiki/1997_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1997 Northern Ireland riots">violence, supported by republican paramilitaries, erupted</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree</a> <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> parade in July 1997, just days before the second and final Provisional IRA ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RUC and the British Army were forced to withdraw under fire from several Belfast neighbourhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police presence in these areas remained contentious into the 2000s as the main republican political party, <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>, refused to support the police. In 2007, however, the party voted to support the new <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a> (PSNI).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Defence</a> published <i>Operation Banner: An analysis of military operations in Northern Ireland</i>, which assesses the Army's role in the Northern Ireland conflict; the paper acknowledges that, as late as 2006, there were still "areas of Northern Ireland out of bounds to soldiers".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> (FATA) were in actuality no-go areas for the Pakistani authorities, where the Pakistani police could not enter. The situation was changed temporarily with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">United States invasion of Afghanistan</a> in 2001, when the Pakistani government was supported by U.S. military forces. Currently FATA are no longer a "no-go area" as they have been merged with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rhodesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "no-go area" has a military origin and was first used in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Bush War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The war was fought in the 1960s and 1970s between the army of the predominantly white minority Rhodesian government and <a href="/wiki/Black_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Black nationalist">black nationalist</a> groups. </p><p>The initial military strategy of the government was to seal the borders to prevent assistance to the guerrillas from other countries. However, with the end of Portuguese colonial rule in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, this became untenable and the white minority government adopted an alternative strategy ("mobile counter offensive"). This involved defending only key economic areas, transport links ("vital asset ground"), and the white civilian population. The government lost control of the rest of the country to the guerilla forces, but carried out counter-guerilla operations including "<a href="/wiki/Free-fire_zone" title="Free-fire zone">free-fire attacks</a>" in the so-called "no-go areas,"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where white civilians were advised not to go. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg/220px-Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg/330px-Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg/440px-Peace_Zones_in_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption>"Peace zones", seen in red, which were planned to receive economic benefits to be given to former gang members who agreed to surrender their weapons to the government and cease their criminal activity</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2013, the Venezuelan government negotiated with large criminal gangs on how to prevent violence and agreed to set up demilitarized areas as "peace zones". The concept behind the zones was to provide gang members with economic resources and construction materials in exchange for the surrender of the gang's weapons, with the understanding that the resources would be used to repair local infrastructure. The Venezuelan government hoped that through this process, gang members would disarm and become law-abiding and productive members of society. In addition, the then-deputy Minister of the Interior reportedly agreed verbally to avoid police patrols within the zones, should the gangs agree to disarm. The plan backfired as the gang members used the money and resources given to them by the government in exchange for their weapons to acquire more powerful weapons and began committing yet more crimes and violence within the zones.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/InSight_Crime" title="InSight Crime">InSight Crime</a>, there are over a dozen mega-gangs in Venezuela, with some having up to 300 members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_contemporary_no-go_areas">Alleged contemporary no-go areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alleged contemporary no-go areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sint-Jans-Molenbeek" class="mw-redirect" title="Sint-Jans-Molenbeek">Molenbeek</a> municipality in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> was described by Brice De Ruyver, a security adviser to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a>, as a "no-go zone", where youths drawn to petty crime end up in conflict with police.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other academics, commentators, journalists and residents have contested the description of Molenbeek as a no-go zone.<sup id="cite_ref-is_molenbeek_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is_molenbeek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Residents_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Residents-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some slum areas (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Favela" title="Favela">favelas</a></i>) in Brazil, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio de Janeiro State">Rio de Janeiro State</a>, are controlled by gangs with automatic weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police and investigative reporters have been tortured and killed there, such as <a href="/wiki/Tim_Lopes_(journalist)" title="Tim Lopes (journalist)">Tim Lopes</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts at clearing up such areas have led to <a href="/wiki/2010_Rio_de_Janeiro_Security_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Rio de Janeiro Security Crisis">security crises in Rio</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/2006_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_violence_outbreak" title="2006 São Paulo violence outbreak">in the State of São Paulo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These organized crime organizations are known in Brazil as "Factions" (Facções in Portuguese), the two largest are the <a href="/wiki/Primeiro_Comando_da_Capital" title="Primeiro Comando da Capital">PCC (Primeiro Comando da Capital)</a> or "First Command of the Capital" in English from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Comando_Vermelho" title="Comando Vermelho">Comando Vermelho (CV)</a>, "Red Command" in English, a faction from the <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sensitive_urban_zone" title="Sensitive urban zone">Sensitive urban zone</a></div> <p>It has been falsely claimed that France has Muslim-only no-go zones that are under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> law.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early usage of the term regarding Europe was in a 2002 opinion piece by <a href="/wiki/David_Ignatius" title="David Ignatius">David Ignatius</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, where he wrote about France, "Arab gangs regularly vandalize synagogues here, the North African suburbs have become no-go zones at night, and the French continue to shrug their shoulders." Ignatius said the violence resulting in the no-go zone had come about due to inequality and racism directed towards French people of colour.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/La_Courneuve" title="La Courneuve">La Courneuve</a>, a poverty-stricken municipality (<a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Paris region</a> whose residents felt the authorities had neglected them due to racism, was described by police as a no-go zone for officers without reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapha%C3%ABl_Stainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raphaël Stainville (page does not exist)">Raphaël Stainville</a> of French newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i> called certain neighborhoods of the southern city <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> "veritable lawless zones", saying they had become too dangerous to travel in at night. He added that the same was true in parts of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a> and <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-insecurite_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insecurite-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilles_Demailly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilles Demailly (page does not exist)">Gilles Demailly</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Demailly" class="extiw" title="fr:Gilles Demailly">fr</a>]</span>, the mayor of the French city <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, in the wake of several riots, called the northern part of his city a lawless zone, where one could no longer order a pizza or call for a doctor. The head of a local association said institutional violence had contributed to the tensions resulting in the no-go zone.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The quotation near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source to ensure that it actually exists, is accurate, and is not taken out of context. (February 2021)">verify</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Balanche" title="Fabrice Balanche">Fabrice Balanche</a>, a scholar of the Middle East, labelled the northern city of <a href="/wiki/Roubaix" title="Roubaix">Roubaix</a>, as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, "mini-Islamic states", saying that the authority of the state is completely absent there.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 France's domestic <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">intelligence network</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Direction_centrale_des_renseignements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux" title="Direction centrale des renseignements généraux">Renseignements Generaux</a>, identified 150 "no-go zones" around the country where police would not enter without reinforcements. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dickey" title="Christopher Dickey">Christopher Dickey</a>, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, said the situation had arisen due to racism towards immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2015, after the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting"><i>Charlie Hebdo</i> shooting</a> in Paris, various American media, including the news cable channels <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, described the existence of no-go zones across Europe and in France in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both networks were criticized for these statements,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anchors on both networks later apologized for the mistaken characterizations.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a>, said that she intended to sue Fox News for its statements.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After complaints Fox News issued an apology, saying that there was "no credible information to support the assertion there are specific areas in these countries that exclude individuals based solely on their religion."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire Eagle">Berkshire Eagle</a></i> columnist Donald Morrison, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i> in the wake of the shooting, wrote that "the word <i><a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">banlieue</a></i> ("suburb") now connotes a no-go zone of high-rise slums, drug-fueled crime, failing schools and poor, largely Muslim immigrants and their angry offspring" and that France has not succeeded in integrating minorities into national life.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sociology paper published in 2009 said that right-wing extremists had been discussing the creation of no-go areas in Western Europe since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It described attempts to create "national liberated zones" (<i>national befreite Zonen</i>) in Germany: "'no-go-areas', which are areas dominated by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazis</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attributing their appeal in the former DDR to "the unmet promises of modernisation and the poor socio-cultural conditions that offer no perspectives to young people".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether or not Germany actually had no-go zones was disputed: the paper concluded "according to ... state officials, the police and other relevant institutions, [the phenomenon of no-go zones] does not actually exist ... by contrast, the national press in Germany, various civic associations, and also experts acknowledge and give examples of the existence of no-go areas."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a February 2018 interview, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">German Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> stated that there are no-go areas in Germany, saying, "There are such areas and one has to call them by their name and do something about them."<sup id="cite_ref-merkel_says_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merkel_says-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came in the context of arguing for a <a href="/wiki/Zero-tolerance" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-tolerance">zero-tolerance</a> policy in German policing.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2023 article about Berlin defined "no-go zones for Jews" as "city areas Jews should avoid to reduce the likelihood of being attacked... inner-city districts in which Jews are recommended not to identify as Jews".<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorski_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorski-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, The Telegraph reported that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Slowik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Slowik (page does not exist)">Barbara Slowik</a>, Berlin Chief of Police, said that visibly Jewish and gay people should "be more careful." In the same interview, Slowik said that violent crimes against Jewish people were "few and far between." <sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Arab reported that Slowik had been criticized for mis-categorizing crimes as anti-semitic when the victims were not Jewish but where the circumstances of the crime involved criticism of Israel and said that German police regularly ignored complaints of Islamophobic violence despite a 113% increase in such crimes in 2023. <sup id="cite_ref-NewArab_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewArab-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kenya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, the ongoing conflict in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, where the terrorist organization <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a> controls territory, has severely affected the security situation even on the Kenyan side of the border. There have been terrorist attacks and kidnappings in Kenya followed by a Kenyan intervention, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a>, and police crackdowns. These have affected counties bordering Somalia and in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Eastleigh,_Nairobi" title="Eastleigh, Nairobi">Eastleigh</a>, which is inhabited mostly by <a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somalis</a>. By 2004, Eastleigh was described as a no-go zone for Kenyan authorities after dark.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel_and_Palestine">Israel and Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Israel and Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_Gaza_border_protests#Gaza's_"no-go_zone"_and_border_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Gaza border protests">2018 Gaza border protests § Gaza's "no-go zone" and border barrier</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Forces">Israeli Defence Forces</a> (IDF) maintains a <a href="/wiki/Border_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Border zone">border zone</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza strip">Gaza strip</a> and declares "no-go zones", where they may use lethal force to enforce the security exclusion zone.<sup id="cite_ref-tandf_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tandf-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An IDF spokesman said that "residents of the Gaza Strip are required not to come any closer than 300 meters from the security fence", although there is some allowance for farmers to approach up to 100 meters if they do so on foot only.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a> said that the no-go zones include about 30% of the <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a> in the Gaza strip, and a small number of residents farm in the exclusion zones despite the risk of military action.<sup id="cite_ref-tandf_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tandf-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike a legal <a href="/wiki/Border_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Border zone">border zone</a>, the no-go zone is declared unilaterally in occupied territory, without acknowledgement or cooperation of Palestinian authorities, and as such can be considered a disputed no-go zone. It is considered unlawful by the Swedish organization Diakonia.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "no-go zone" has been informally applied to high-crime neighborhoods in South African cities. In <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> policy created segregated neighborhoods where whites risked being removed or victimized in black-only neighborhoods and vice versa. Because of the <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">bantustan</a> system, many urban inhabitants lived in the city illegally per apartheid laws. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Flats" title="Cape Flats">Cape Flats</a> was a neighborhood where many of those evicted were relocated. It became a "no-go area", as it was controlled by criminal gangs.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of these areas have seen significant <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>; for example, <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Cape_Town" title="Woodstock, Cape Town">Woodstock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> can no longer be described as a no-go zone.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, a housing complex comprising a number of city blocks in <a href="/wiki/Atlantis,_Western_Cape" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantis, Western Cape">Atlantis, Western Cape</a> were described as a "no-go zone for police conducting raids",<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ambulances could not enter without police escort. In 2014, the situation had improved, and following convictions of several gang members, a police official said that "legislation concerning organised crime was beginning to work".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, a gang war in Parkwood, Cape Town was reported to have turned the area into a "no-go zone", although a minister visited the area to ensure policing continues.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some conservative American political figures, including <a href="/wiki/Tony_Perkins_(politician)" title="Tony Perkins (politician)">Tony Perkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Newberger" title="Jim Newberger">Jim Newberger</a>, have falsely claimed that some communities within the United States are either governed by Sharia law<sup id="cite_ref-:8_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or are Muslim-controlled no-go zones.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupation protests</a> in the U.S. connected with the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> have been described as exclusionary zones. In <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> in June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Autonomous_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone">Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone</a> was established as a "No Cop Co-op."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Minneapolis, the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a> persisted for over a year, until June 20, 2021, and was described as "a police free zone."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitefriars,_London#Alsatia" title="Whitefriars, London">Alsatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Exclusion_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernobyl Exclusion Zone">Chernobyl Exclusion Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarized_zone" title="Demilitarized zone">Demilitarized zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusionary_zoning" title="Exclusionary zoning">Exclusionary zoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_disaster_cleanup#New_definition_of_the_no-entry_zones_introduced" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima disaster cleanup">Fukushima exclusion zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Geographical segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_residential_area_(Denmark)" title="Vulnerable residential area (Denmark)">Vulnerable residential area (Denmark)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Udsat boligområde</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_zone_(environment)" title="Hot zone (environment)">Hot zone (environment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-free_zone" title="LGBT-free zone">LGBT-free zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretto" title="Lazaretto">Lazaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_man%27s_land" title="No man's land">No man's land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pirates" title="Republic of Pirates">Pirate republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundown_town" title="Sundown town">Sundown town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_area" title="Vulnerable area">Vulnerable area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Utsatt område</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite" title="Zone interdite">Zone interdite</a></i>, two distinct territories established in German-occupied France during World War II</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=No-go_area&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaudhry, Rajeev. <i>Violent Non-State Actors: Contours, Challenges and Consequences.</i> CLAWS Journal - Winter 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/2140418965_RajeevChaudhry.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516234807/http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/2140418965_RajeevChaudhry.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Quote: <i>Although the patterns of causation are not always clear, there is a correlation between a state's weakness and the emergence of one or another kind of VNSAs. States with low levels of legitimacy, for example, are unable to create or maintain the loyalty and allegiance of their populations. In these circumstances, individuals and groups typically revert to, or develop, alternative patterns of affiliation. The result is often the creation of "no-go" zones or spaces in which VNSAs emerge as a form of alternative governance.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Wadley2008" class="citation cs2">David Wadley (September 2008), "The Garden of Peace", <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Association_of_American_Geographers" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of the Association of American Geographers">Annals of the Association of American Geographers</a></i>, <b>98</b> (3): 650–685, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00045600802099162">10.1080/00045600802099162</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25515147">25515147</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145416224">145416224</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=The+Garden+of+Peace&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=650-685&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145416224%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25515147%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00045600802099162&rft.au=David+Wadley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insecurite-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insecurite_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insecurite_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStainville2010" class="citation web cs1">Stainville, Raphaël (August 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2010/07/31/01016-20100731ARTFIG00004-insecurite-c-etait-intenable-nous-sommes-partis.php">"Insécurité: "C'était intenable, nous sommes partis" (fr)"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Ins%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%3A+%22C%27%C3%A9tait+intenable%2C+nous+sommes+partis%22+%28fr%29&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft.aulast=Stainville&rft.aufirst=Rapha%C3%ABl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2010%2F07%2F31%2F01016-20100731ARTFIG00004-insecurite-c-etait-intenable-nous-sommes-partis.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merkel_says-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merkel_says_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merkel_says_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228205429/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/merkel-says-germany-has-no-go-areas-govt-wont-say-where/2018/02/28/00993bd0-1ca9-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html">"Merkel says Germany has 'no-go areas'; gov't won't say where"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. The Associated Press. 28 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/merkel-says-germany-has-no-go-areas-govt-wont-say-where/2018/02/28/00993bd0-1ca9-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html">the original</a> on 2018-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>The notion there are places in Germany outsiders — including police — can't visit has previously been dismissed by officials.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Merkel+says+Germany+has+%27no-go+areas%27%3B+gov%27t+won%27t+say+where&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fmerkel-says-germany-has-no-go-areas-govt-wont-say-where%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2F00993bd0-1ca9-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-is_molenbeek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-is_molenbeek_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-is_molenbeek_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Chalmers <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/molenbeek-belgium-no-go-zone">Is Molenbeek really a no-go zone?</a>, <i>GQ Magazine</i> 21 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarleyRobertson2017" class="citation web cs1">Farley, Robert; Robertson, Lori (2017-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2017/02/trump-exaggerates-swedish-crime/">"Trump Exaggerates Swedish Crime"</a>. <i>FactCheck.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=Trump+Exaggerates+Swedish+Crime&rft.date=2017-02-20&rft.aulast=Farley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2017%2F02%2Ftrump-exaggerates-swedish-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sweden-crime-no-go-zone-police/">"FACT CHECK: Crime in Sweden, Part III: Does Sweden Have 'No-Go Zones' Where the Police Can't Enter?"</a>. <i>Snopes.com</i>. 31 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=FACT+CHECK%3A+Crime+in+Sweden%2C+Part+III%3A+Does+Sweden+Have+%27No-Go+Zones%27+Where+the+Police+Can%27t+Enter%3F&rft.date=2017-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Fsweden-crime-no-go-zone-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackey2015" class="citation news cs1">Mackey, Robert (2015-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/world/europe/fox-news-apologizes-for-false-claims-of-muslim-only-areas-in-england-and-france.html">"Fox News Apologizes for False Claims of Muslim-Only Areas in England and France"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fox+News+Apologizes+for+False+Claims+of+Muslim-Only+Areas+in+England+and+France&rft.date=2015-01-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mackey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffox-news-apologizes-for-false-claims-of-muslim-only-areas-in-england-and-france.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SnopesAnumber-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SnopesAnumber_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/politics/religion/nogozones.asp">"Caliph-ain't"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a></i>, January 18, 2015, <q>A number of localities in the United States, France, and Britain are considered Muslim "no-go zones" (operating under Sharia Law) where local laws are not applicable. False.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=Caliph-ain%27t&rft.date=2015-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fpolitics%2Freligion%2Fnogozones.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2015" class="citation web cs1">Graham, David A. (2015-01-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/01/paris-mayor-to-sue-fox-over-no-go-zone-comments/384656/">"Why the Muslim 'No-Go-Zone' Myth Won't Die"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Why+the+Muslim+%27No-Go-Zone%27+Myth+Won%27t+Die&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2015%2F01%2Fparis-mayor-to-sue-fox-over-no-go-zone-comments%2F384656%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BusinessWeekDebunking-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BusinessWeekDebunking_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarol_Matlack2015" class="citation cs2">Carol Matlack (January 14, 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115083502/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2015-01-14/debunking-the-muslim-nogo-zone-myth">"Debunking the Myth of Muslim-Only Zones in Major European Cities"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Week">Business Week</a></i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2015-01-14/debunking-the-muslim-nogo-zone-myth">the original</a> on January 15, 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Week&rft.atitle=Debunking+the+Myth+of+Muslim-Only+Zones+in+Major+European+Cities&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.au=Carol+Matlack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Farticles%2F2015-01-14%2Fdebunking-the-muslim-nogo-zone-myth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty2024" class="citation news cs1">Batty, David (2 Mar 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/02/how-no-go-zone-myth-spread-from-fringes-to-mainstream-uk-politics">"How 'no-go zone' myth spread from fringes to mainstream UK politics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+%27no-go+zone%27+myth+spread+from+fringes+to+mainstream+UK+politics&rft.date=2024-03-02&rft.aulast=Batty&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fmar%2F02%2Fhow-no-go-zone-myth-spread-from-fringes-to-mainstream-uk-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarney2013" class="citation news cs1">Carney, John (16 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1191748/kowloon-walled-city-life-city-darkness">"Kowloon Walled City: Life in the City of Darkness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Kowloon+Walled+City%3A+Life+in+the+City+of+Darkness&rft.date=2013-03-16&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Farticle%2F1191748%2Fkowloon-walled-city-life-city-darkness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorier-Genoud2019" class="citation book cs1">Morier-Genoud, Eric (December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AdYyAQAAQBAJ"><i>Sure Road? Nationalisms in Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">BRILL</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22601-2"><bdi>978-90-04-22601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sure+Road%3F+Nationalisms+in+Angola%2C+Guinea-Bissau+and+Mozambique&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2019-12&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22601-2&rft.aulast=Morier-Genoud&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAdYyAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gillespie-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gillespie_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillespie_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillespie, Gordon. (2009) <i>The A to Z of the Northern Ireland Conflict</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a> pp.177-178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McKittrick et al, <i>Lost Lives</i> (Edinburgh: <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Publishing" title="Mainstream Publishing">Mainstream Publishing</a>, 2008) p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630143958/http://www.museumoffreederry.org/introduction.html">"Introduction"</a>. 2007-06-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumoffreederry.org/introduction.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffreederry.org%2Fintroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-16052382">"IRA left Derry 'before Operation Motorman'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 6 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=IRA+left+Derry+%27before+Operation+Motorman%27&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-16052382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100721104229/http://www.museumoffreederry.org/history-motorman.html">"History – Operation Motorman"</a>. <i>The Museum of Free Derry</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Free+Derry&rft.atitle=History+%E2%80%93+Operation+Motorman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumoffreederry.org%2Fhistory-motorman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch72.htm">Chronology of the Conflict: 1972</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Archive_on_the_Internet" title="Conflict Archive on the Internet">Conflict Archive on the Internet</a> (CAIN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Bruce1993" class="citation cs2">Steve Bruce (May 1993), "Alienation Once Again", <i><a href="/wiki/Fortnight_(magazine)" title="Fortnight (magazine)">Fortnight</a></i> (317): 18–19, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25554014">25554014</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortnight&rft.atitle=Alienation+Once+Again&rft.issue=317&rft.pages=18-19&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25554014%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Steve+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson" class="citation news cs1">Robinson, Carmel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ruc-lists-over-100-injured-in-disturbances-1.88831">"RUC lists over 100 injured in disturbances"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=RUC+lists+over+100+injured+in+disturbances&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Carmel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fruc-lists-over-100-injured-in-disturbances-1.88831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republican-news.org/archive/1997/July10/10ira.html">"IRA engages Crown Forces"</a>. <i>republican-news.org</i>. An Phoblacht. 10 July 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=republican-news.org&rft.atitle=IRA+engages+Crown+Forces&rft.date=1997-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublican-news.org%2Farchive%2F1997%2FJuly10%2F10ira.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EKRUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fTsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5340,1766559&dq=catholic-and-ira-rioters&hl=en">"United Press International"</a>. <i>news.google.com</i>. 8 July 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft.atitle=United+Press+International&rft.date=1997-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DEKRUAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DfTsNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5340%2C1766559%26dq%3Dcatholic-and-ira-rioters%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2010" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Peter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=69HzWaUM6bkC&dq=%22Police+Board%22+2007+%22Sinn+Fein%22&pg=PA22"><i>Policing: Development and Contemporary Practice</i></a>. SAGE. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-4826-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-4826-3"><bdi>978-1-4462-4826-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policing%3A+Development+and+Contemporary+Practice&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4462-4826-3&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D69HzWaUM6bkC%26dq%3D%2522Police%2BBoard%2522%2B2007%2B%2522Sinn%2BFein%2522%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Operation Banner</i>, Chapter II, pg 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1410351=">"KP Assembly approves landmark bill merging Fata with province"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn Pakistan">Dawn Pakistan</a></i>. 27 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn+Pakistan&rft.atitle=KP+Assembly+approves+landmark+bill+merging+Fata+with+province.&rft.date=2018-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1410351%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoorcraftMcLaughlin2008" class="citation cs2">Moorcraft, Paul L.; McLaughlin, Peter (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oL-jaeM63P8C&pg=PA38"><i>The Rhodesian War: A Military History</i></a> (2010 reprint ed.), Stackpole Books, p. 38, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0725-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-0725-1"><bdi>978-0-8117-0725-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rhodesian+War%3A+A+Military+History&rft.pages=38&rft.edition=2010+reprint&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-0725-1&rft.aulast=Moorcraft&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoL-jaeM63P8C%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span> note - first printed in South Africa in 1982 by Sygma Books and Collins Vaal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runrun.es/%20nacional/venezuela-2/212961/10-claves-para-entender-las-zonas-de-paz.html">"10 claves para entender las Zonas de Paz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Runrunes" title="Runrunes">Runrunes</a></i>. 15 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Runrunes&rft.atitle=10+claves+para+entender+las+Zonas+de+Paz&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frunrun.es%2F%2520nacional%2Fvenezuela-2%2F212961%2F10-claves-para-entender-las-zonas-de-paz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-terror-attacks-visiting-molenbeek-the-police-no-go-zone-that-was-home-to-two-of-the-gunmen-a6735551.html">"Visiting Molenbeek - home of two of the gunmen in the Paris attack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 2015-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nigel+Farage+tells+Fox+News+there+are+no-go+zones+for+non-Muslims+in+France&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Syal&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2Fjan%2F13%2Fnigel-farage-ukip-no-go-zones-non-muslim-france-charlie-hebdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/01/20/cnn-too-trafficked-in-no-go-zone-chatter/">"CNN, too, trafficked in 'no-go zone' chatter"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CNN%2C+too%2C+trafficked+in+%27no-go+zone%27+chatter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Ferik-wemple%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F20%2Fcnn-too-trafficked-in-no-go-zone-chatter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/01/21/cnn-again-hammers-fox-news-over-no-go-zones-with-a-touch-of-hypocrisy/">"CNN again hammers Fox News over 'no-go zones,' with a touch of hypocrisy"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CNN+again+hammers+Fox+News+over+%27no-go+zones%2C%27+with+a+touch+of+hypocrisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Ferik-wemple%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F21%2Fcnn-again-hammers-fox-news-over-no-go-zones-with-a-touch-of-hypocrisy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_Volokh2015" class="citation news cs1">Eugene Volokh (January 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/01/19/fox-news-retracts-allegation-of-no-go-zones-for-non-muslims/">"Fox News retracts allegations of "no-go zones" for non-Muslims in England and France"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fox+News+retracts+allegations+of+%22no-go+zones%22+for+non-Muslims+in+England+and+France&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.au=Eugene+Volokh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvolokh-conspiracy%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Ffox-news-retracts-allegation-of-no-go-zones-for-non-muslims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Stelter2015" class="citation web cs1">Brian Stelter (January 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2015/01/18/media/fox-apologizes-for-anti-islam-comments/index.html">"Fox News apologizes 4 times for inaccurate comments about Muslims in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_Money" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Money">CNN Money</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=Fox+News+apologizes+4+times+for+inaccurate+comments+about+Muslims+in+Europe&rft.date=2015-01-18&rft.au=Brian+Stelter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F18%2Fmedia%2Ffox-apologizes-for-anti-islam-comments%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_de_Moraes2015" class="citation web cs1">Lisa de Moraes (2015-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2015/01/anderson-cooper-apology-no-go-zone-cnn-1201355227/">"CNN's Anderson Cooper Apologizes On Air For "No-Go Zone" Remarks - Deadline"</a>. <i>Deadline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=CNN%27s+Anderson+Cooper+Apologizes+On+Air+For+%22No-Go+Zone%22+Remarks+-+Deadline&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft.au=Lisa+de+Moraes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2015%2F01%2Fanderson-cooper-apology-no-go-zone-cnn-1201355227%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/01/22/cnns-anderson-cooper-acknowledges-mistake-on-no-go-zones/">"CNN's Anderson Cooper acknowledges mistake on 'no-go zones'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CNN%27s+Anderson+Cooper+acknowledges+mistake+on+%27no-go+zones%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Ferik-wemple%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F22%2Fcnns-anderson-cooper-acknowledges-mistake-on-no-go-zones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_WallaceBrian_Stelter2015" class="citation cs2">Gregory Wallace; Brian Stelter (January 20, 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2015/01/20/media/paris-mayor-sue-fox-news/index.html"><i>Paris mayor: We intend to sue Fox News</i></a>, CNN Money</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+mayor%3A+We+intend+to+sue+Fox+News&rft.pub=CNN+Money&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.au=Gregory+Wallace&rft.au=Brian+Stelter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F20%2Fmedia%2Fparis-mayor-sue-fox-news%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.foxnews.com/v/3995699587001/fox-news-apologizes-for-european-muslim-population-errors/?#sp=show-clips">"Fox News apologizes for European Muslim population errors"</a>. <i>Fox News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Fox+News+apologizes+for+European+Muslim+population+errors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.foxnews.com%2Fv%2F3995699587001%2Ffox-news-apologizes-for-european-muslim-population-errors%2F%3F%23sp%3Dshow-clips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANo-go+area" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/18/fox-news-apologises-terror-pundit-birmingham-muslim-comments">"Fox News apologises for terror pundit's 'Birmingham totally Muslim' comments"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 18 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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