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Increased risk of head and neck cancer in association withGSTT1 nullizygosity for individuals with low exposure to tobacco
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important contributing factors to the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck" /> <title>Increased risk of head and neck cancer in association withGSTT1 nullizygosity for individuals with low exposure to tobacco</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/12632503/Increased_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer_in_association_withGSTT1_nullizygosity_for_individuals_with_low_exposure_to_tobacco" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can 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squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) . However, recent case-control studies indicate that SCCHN is also associated with a family history of this cancer . In addition, second primary tumors, which are often a hallmark of inherited susceptibility to cancer, occur in up to 30% of patients with SCCHN (Day and Blot, 1992;. A family history of SCCHN is should involve selecting large groups of SCCHN patients and well-matched controls with low levels of tobacco and alcohol exposure to perform such association studies.","publication_date":"2000,,","publication_name":"International Journal of Cancer","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"46037448"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Increased risk of head and neck cancer in association withGSTT1 nullizygosity for individuals with low exposure to tobacco","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [31600762]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; 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However, recent case-control studies indicate that SCCHN is also associated with a family history of this cancer . In addition, second primary tumors, which are often a hallmark of inherited susceptibility to cancer, occur in up to 30% of patients with SCCHN (Day and Blot, 1992;. A family history of SCCHN is should involve selecting large groups of SCCHN patients and well-matched controls with low levels of tobacco and alcohol exposure to perform such association studies.</p></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="85587922" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85587922/GSTM1_GSTT1_GSTP1_CYP1A1_and_NAT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_and_the_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer">GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use, and the risk of head and neck cancer</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42940649" href="https://unc.academia.edu/MarkWeissler">Mark Weissler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, provides an ideal tumor model to investigate gene-environment interaction. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 182 cases with newly diagnosed SCCHN and 202 controls with nonneoplastic conditions of the head and neck that required surgery. Lifetime tobacco use and risk of SCCHN were evaluated in relation to the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1. The main effects of genotype were associated with a slightly increased risk of SCCHN for GSTP1 [age-, race-, and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.2; confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.9], GSTT1 (OR, 1.2; CI, 0.7-2.3), and NAT1 (OR, 1.1; CI, 0.7-1.7). The joint effects of genotype combinations showed some excess risk for the combination of the GSTM1 null genotype and the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism (OR, 2.6; CI, 0.7-10.3). The analysis of the joint effects (interaction) of the &quot;at-risk&quot; genotyp...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use, and the risk of head and neck cancer","attachmentId":90239482,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85587922/GSTM1_GSTT1_GSTP1_CYP1A1_and_NAT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_and_the_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85587922/GSTM1_GSTT1_GSTP1_CYP1A1_and_NAT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_and_the_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="58946799" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58946799/The_role_of_genetic_factor_in_etiopathogenesis_of_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_in_young_adults">The role of genetic factor in etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in young adults</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52178275" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarzenaGajecka">Marzena Gajecka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) aged less than 45 years are categorized as young adults (YA) and in opinion of many authors in comparison to older (typical) patients (OP) are characterized with more serious form of the disease and often lack the classical risk factors associated with the illness. Hence, there is a need of an exact clinical analysis and a search for additional causative factors. The purpose of this study was to estimate the role of genetic factors in the etiology of HNSCC in YA. Studies carried out on 60 patients of the study group (YA) and 72 older control patients were directed to: (1) a degree of spontaneous and induced chromosome breaks estimated by bleomycin test, (2) a degree of spontaneous and induced DNA damage and a potential of DNA repair determined by comet assay and (3) polymorphism of genes of glutathione transferases M1 and T1, responsible for detoxiWcation of metabolites of carcinogens of tobacco smoke, studied by PCR-based genotyping. The level of chromosome breaks (spontaneous and induced), the level of DNA damage (spontaneous and induced), DNA repair potential and the distribution of polymorphic variants of GSTT1 gene are not signiWcantly diVerent in YA and in OP, which suggests that these factors do not appear the causative factors for HNSCC in young age. The signiWcant risk factor of HNSCC in YA may be GSTM1 null genotype, which may cause the defective detoxiWcation of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of genetic factor in etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in young adults","attachmentId":73111645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58946799/The_role_of_genetic_factor_in_etiopathogenesis_of_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_in_young_adults","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58946799/The_role_of_genetic_factor_in_etiopathogenesis_of_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_in_young_adults"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="22114687" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22114687/CYP1A1_GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_and_alcohol_status_and_risk_of_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma">CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, tobacco and alcohol status and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5798895" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlosChone">Carlos Chone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tumor Biology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We examined the influence of the CYP1A1 A4889G and T6235C, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, involved in carcinogen metabolism, on the head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk. DNA from 142 HNSCC patients and 142 controls was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex-PCR for the polymorphisms analyses. Excesses of the CYP1A1 4889AG+GG and 4889AG+GG plus GSTT1 null genotype were seen in patients with heavy tobacco habit compared with controls (41.9% versus 26.8%, P=0.03; 26.2% versus 10.3%, P=0.04, respectively). Carriers of the referred genotypes and heavy tobacco consumption were under a 2.0fold and 2.8-fold increased risks for HNSCC than others, respectively. The CYP1A1 6235TC+CC plus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were more common in pharyngeal SCC patients than in controls (5.3% versus 0.7%, P=0.04). Carriers of the combined genotype had 16.0-fold increased risk for the disease than others. The frequency of one null genotype of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene was higher in patients with pharyngeal SCC and heavy smoking status than in controls (76.3% versus 57.7%, P=0.04). Carriers of the referred genotype and heavy tobacco status had a 2.4-fold increased risk for pharyngeal SCC than others. In contrast, the CYP1A1 6235TC+CC genotype was more common in controls than in laryngeal SCC patients (35.9% versus 21.6%, P=0.01). Carriers of the genotype had a 0.2-fold decreased risk for the disease than others. Our data present preliminary evidence that inherited combined CYP1A1 A4889G and T6235C abnormalities and GSTM1 and GSTT1 pathways are important determinants of HNSCC, particularly pharyngeal SCC in heavy smoking individuals from southeastern Brazil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, tobacco and alcohol status and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","attachmentId":42782584,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22114687/CYP1A1_GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_and_alcohol_status_and_risk_of_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22114687/CYP1A1_GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_and_alcohol_status_and_risk_of_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="14083167" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14083167/Genetic_Susceptibility_to_Head_and_Neck_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma">Genetic Susceptibility to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33094895" href="https://itslv.academia.edu/CarlosSuarez">Carlos Suarez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: In addition to influences of exposure to carcinogenic compounds, the development of cancer may depend on an individual intrinsic cancer susceptibility. Biomarkers for cancer susceptibility can be powerful additions to epidemiologic analyses. Purpose: This multicenter, case-control analysis combines previously published data and new data to substantiate the value of mutagen sensitivity as a biomarker of susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and, more importantly, to gain insight into the interaction between susceptibility and exposure to carcinogens. Methods: Mutagen sensitivity (mean number of chromatid breaks per cell of cultured lymphocytes treated with bleomycin in the late S-G 2 phase of the cell cycle) was determined in 313 patients with head and neck cancer and in 334 control subjects at two major U.S. medical institutions and one European institution, yielding a unique study population. The ages of the case and control subjects, as well as their history of use of tobacco and alcohol, were also recorded. The relationships between variables were analyzed by use of Student's t tests, Spearman's rank correlations, and multiple linear regression. For estimation of cancer risk, crude odds ratios (ORs) were measured and multiple logistic regression was performed. All P values were based on two-sided tests. Results: There were no differences across institutions in the distribution of mutagen sensitivity (Kruskal-Wallis test) for both case subjects and control subjects. Values for case subjects were consistently and significantly (/ ) <.0001) higher than values for control subjects in the overall analyses. Age and tobacco or alcohol use did not influence the outcome in terms of mutagen-sensitivity values for either the case or the control subjects. A mean number of breaks per cell dichotomized at 1.0 was found to be the best predictor of a hypersensitive phenotype. For nonsensitive, heavy smokers, the OR was 11.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.0-26.6). This risk increased dramatically in mutagen-hypersensitive, heavy smokers to 44.6 (95% CI = 17.4-114.0). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed these results, and a significant trend was found (P<.01) for the dose-dependent increase in cancer risk by smoking. The consumption of alcohol potentiated the effects of smoking, resulting in an OR of 57.5 (95% CI = 17.5-188.0) in hypersensitive persons. Conclusions: Mutagen sensitivity was found to be a biomarker of cancer susceptibility. This study underscores the importance of utilizing both susceptibility markers and exposure data for the iden-</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Susceptibility to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","attachmentId":44623630,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14083167/Genetic_Susceptibility_to_Head_and_Neck_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14083167/Genetic_Susceptibility_to_Head_and_Neck_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="12129083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12129083/Relationship_of_tobacco_smoking_with_GSTM1_gene_polymorphism_in_laringeal_cancer">Relationship of tobacco smoking with GSTM1 gene polymorphism in laringeal cancer</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30391890" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FevziBardakci">Fevzi Bardakci</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationship of tobacco smoking with GSTM1 gene polymorphism in laringeal cancer","attachmentId":46339757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12129083/Relationship_of_tobacco_smoking_with_GSTM1_gene_polymorphism_in_laringeal_cancer","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12129083/Relationship_of_tobacco_smoking_with_GSTM1_gene_polymorphism_in_laringeal_cancer"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12636683" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12636683/Family_history_of_cancer_Pooled_analysis_in_the_International_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Epidemiology_Consortium">Family history of cancer: Pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31608436" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9ElufNeto">José Eluf-Neto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Cancer, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Alcohol and tobacco consumption are well-recognized risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC). Evidence suggests that genetic predisposition may also play a role. Only a few epidemiologic studies, however, have considered the relation between HNC risk and family history of HNC and other cancers. We pooled individual-level data across 12 case-control studies including 8,967 HNC cases and 13,627 controls. We obtained pooled odds ratios (OR) using fixed and random effect models and adjusting for potential confounding factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. A family history of HNC in first-degree relatives increased the risk of HNC (OR 5 1.7, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-2.3). The risk was higher when the affected relative was a sibling (OR 5 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.1) rather than a parent (OR 5 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.8) and for more distal HNC anatomic sites (hypopharynx and larynx). The risk was also higher, or limited to, in subjects exposed to tobacco. The OR rose to 7.2 (95% CI 5.5-9.5) among subjects with family history, who were alcohol and tobacco users. A weak but significant association (OR 5 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) emerged for family history of other tobacco-related neoplasms, particularly with laryngeal cancer (OR 5 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5). No association was observed for family history of nontobacco-related neoplasms and the risk of HNC (OR 5 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.1). Familial factors play a role in the etiology of HNC. In both subjects with and without family history of HNC, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol exposure may be the best way to avoid HNC.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Family history of cancer: Pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium","attachmentId":46034959,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12636683/Family_history_of_cancer_Pooled_analysis_in_the_International_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Epidemiology_Consortium","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12636683/Family_history_of_cancer_Pooled_analysis_in_the_International_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Epidemiology_Consortium"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="17991192" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17991192/Potential_role_of_the_alcohol_and_smoking_in_the_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_review_of_the_current_literature_and_new_perspectives">Potential role of the alcohol and smoking in the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: review of the current literature and new perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43673925" href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/JohnKouvaris">John Kouvaris</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37924446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeKyrgias">George Kyrgias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Alcohol and tobacco are responsible for a very large proportion of chronic disease and some tumors in particular may be the result of interactions between the two risk factors. The present systematic literature review was conducted to judge combined effects of alcohol drinking and tobacco, as well as and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. We can conclude that the interaction of smoking and alcohol significantly increases the risk for aero-digestive cancers. Unfortunately, little is known about mechanisms and details of interaction with regard to disease outcomes, which is why particular questions must be targeted in future research efforts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Potential role of the alcohol and smoking in the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: review of the current literature and new perspectives","attachmentId":39817246,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17991192/Potential_role_of_the_alcohol_and_smoking_in_the_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_review_of_the_current_literature_and_new_perspectives","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17991192/Potential_role_of_the_alcohol_and_smoking_in_the_squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_head_and_neck_review_of_the_current_literature_and_new_perspectives"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19374261" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19374261/The_relationship_of_loss_of_heterozygosity_to_tobacco_exposure_and_early_recurrence_in_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma">The relationship of loss of heterozygosity to tobacco exposure and early recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39639851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamLydiatt">William Lydiatt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Surgery, 1994</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tobacco usage contributes to carcinomas of the lung, bladder, esophagus, uterine cervix, and head and neck, and can induce specific genetic lesions. Studies of the above tumor types have documented allelic deletions affecting 3p, 5q, 9p, 9q, 10q, 11p, 13q, 17p, and 18q. Relationships between genetic loss, tobacco exposure, and patient outcome have not been described. To confirm and further define loss of heterozygosity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to examine relationships between loss of heterozygosity and both tobacco exposure and early recurrence, we undertook this study on previously untreated patients with HNSCC. We performed a Southern blot analysis using 11 probes specific for loci deleted in tobacco-associated cancers. We have investigated 42 prospectively collected, paired samples of HNSCC and peripheral blood. Demographic and follow-up data were collected on these patients. Significant loss of heterozygosity was observed in descending order of frequency at 11p, 9p, 17p, 3p, 10q, and 13q. All nonsmokers showed loss of heterozygosity on one or more loci compared with only 53% of smokers (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, patients with multiple deletions had a significantly higher rate of early recurrence than those with fewer deletions (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Multiple deletions occurred more frequently in nonsmokers and predicted a higher risk of early recurrence.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The relationship of loss of heterozygosity to tobacco exposure and early recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","attachmentId":42095129,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19374261/The_relationship_of_loss_of_heterozygosity_to_tobacco_exposure_and_early_recurrence_in_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19374261/The_relationship_of_loss_of_heterozygosity_to_tobacco_exposure_and_early_recurrence_in_head_and_neck_squamous_cell_carcinoma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="61091714" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61091714/GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_as_risk_factors_for_nasopharyngeal_carcinoma_in_maghreb_population_A_case_control_study">GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use as risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in maghreb population — A case-control study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89759410" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AzzedineFercha">Azzedine Fercha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal Africain du Cancer / African Journal of Cancer, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has known environmental risk factors, notably smoking, and enzymes that biotransform carcinogens. The interindividual differences observed in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens substances have been attributed to the genetic polymorphism of genes, which code for enzymes involved in detoxification. Polymorphic deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes involved in the detoxification of potentially carcinogenic agents may be a risk factor for NPC. To investigate the roles of genetic variations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in NPC susceptibility in the Northern African population, we conducted a case-control study of 132 NPC cases and 200 controls. DNA was isolated from blood for cases and controls. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion variants were genotyped by multiplex PCR assays. Allelic frequencies between the two groups were compared using a χ 2 test, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The results indicate that an excess of the GSTM1 null genotype was observed in cases compared with controls, 50% versus 33%. The genotypic frequency of GSTM1 null genotype between controls and patients was significantly different. This genotype confers an increased risk of NPC [OR = 2.18; CI 95% (1.23-5.33). The association between GSTM1 and increased NPC risk in this cases-controls study was present among both men [OR = 2.59 ; CI95% (1.81-4.32)] and smokers. No significant association was observed between null GSTT1 genotype and the risk of CNP.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use as risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in maghreb population — A case-control study","attachmentId":74255504,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61091714/GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_as_risk_factors_for_nasopharyngeal_carcinoma_in_maghreb_population_A_case_control_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61091714/GSTM1_and_GSTT1_polymorphisms_tobacco_use_as_risk_factors_for_nasopharyngeal_carcinoma_in_maghreb_population_A_case_control_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="73990875" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73990875/Glutathione_S_Transferase_Polymorphisms_and_the_Synergy_of_Alcohol_and_Tobacco_in_Oral_Pharyngeal_and_Laryngeal_Carcinoma">Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and the Synergy of Alcohol and Tobacco in Oral, Pharyngeal, and Laryngeal Carcinoma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37756224" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RHaupt">Riccardo Haupt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Investigations of the ability of polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes to alter susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have examined gene-environment interaction in their detoxification of tobacco-associated carcinogens. Little work has been done to ask if these variant genes also modify the interaction of tobacco and alcohol in the development of HNSCC. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study, enrolling 692 incident cases of HNSCC and 753 population controls. Information about lifetime tobacco and alcohol use was ascertained through questionnaires, and genotypes for GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 were determined from constitutional DNA. Genotype frequencies were compared among cases and controls, and the association between genotypes and tobacco use was evaluated on cancer risk through logistic regression. Deletion of GSTM1 was associated with an increased risk for HNSCC [odds ratio (OR), 1.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-1.6]. GSTT1 deletion was associated with a slight decreased HNSCC risk (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0). Among those with GSTM1 present, the OR of cancer for heavy smoking was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6-4.3) compared with 4.2 for those with the GSTM1 deleted (95% CI, 2.6-6.7). The combination of consuming 10 to 20 alcohol drinks weekly and smoking >45 pack-years was associated with a 13-fold elevated risk (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 4.0-40.2) among the GSTM1 deleted subjects compared with an OR of 3.6 (95% CI, 1.5-8.7) among the GSTM1 present individuals. These data (showing that the GSTM1 deletion affects on the tobacco and alcohol synergy) suggest that the interaction of these carcinogens is, at least in part, driven by alcohol, enhancing the carcinogenic action of tobacco smoke.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and the Synergy of Alcohol and Tobacco in Oral, Pharyngeal, and Laryngeal Carcinoma","attachmentId":82307245,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73990875/Glutathione_S_Transferase_Polymorphisms_and_the_Synergy_of_Alcohol_and_Tobacco_in_Oral_Pharyngeal_and_Laryngeal_Carcinoma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73990875/Glutathione_S_Transferase_Polymorphisms_and_the_Synergy_of_Alcohol_and_Tobacco_in_Oral_Pharyngeal_and_Laryngeal_Carcinoma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46037448,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46037448,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_46037448" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="58283386" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58283386/GST_genotypes_in_head_and_neck_cancer_patients_and_its_clinical_implications">GST genotypes in head and neck cancer patients and its clinical implications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28604468" href="https://iictindia.academia.edu/KaiserJamil">Kaiser Jamil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"GST genotypes in head and neck cancer patients and its clinical implications","attachmentId":72771265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58283386/GST_genotypes_in_head_and_neck_cancer_patients_and_its_clinical_implications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58283386/GST_genotypes_in_head_and_neck_cancer_patients_and_its_clinical_implications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="51581218" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51581218/CYP1A1_CYP2E1_GSTM1_GSTT1_EPHX1_exons_3_and_4_and_NAT2_polymorphisms_smoking_consumption_of_alcohol_and_fruit_and_vegetables_and_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer">CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, EPHX1 exons 3 and 4, and NAT2 polymorphisms, smoking, consumption of alcohol and fruit and vegetables and risk of head and neck cancer</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="103766723" href="https://independent.academia.edu/caterinacattel">caterina cattel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, EPHX1 exons 3 and 4, and NAT2 polymorphisms, smoking, consumption of alcohol and fruit and vegetables and risk of head and neck cancer","attachmentId":69244111,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51581218/CYP1A1_CYP2E1_GSTM1_GSTT1_EPHX1_exons_3_and_4_and_NAT2_polymorphisms_smoking_consumption_of_alcohol_and_fruit_and_vegetables_and_risk_of_head_and_neck_cancer","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://utexas.academia.edu/FortuneJournals">Fortune Journals</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Tobacco as A Risk Factor in Head and Neck Cancers: A Comparative Study","attachmentId":117841154,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123400846/The_Role_of_Tobacco_as_A_Risk_Factor_in_Head_and_Neck_Cancers_A_Comparative_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123400846/The_Role_of_Tobacco_as_A_Risk_Factor_in_Head_and_Neck_Cancers_A_Comparative_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interaction between Tobacco and Alcohol Use and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium","attachmentId":46034937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12636674/Interaction_between_Tobacco_and_Alcohol_Use_and_the_Risk_of_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Pooled_Analysis_in_the_International_Head_and_Neck_Cancer_Epidemiology_Consortium","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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