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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Journey west</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journey_west-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitman_Mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitman_Mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Whitman Mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitman_Mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitman_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitman_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Whitman massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitman_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Likeness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Likeness"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Narcissa Whitman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Narcissa_whitman_nps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Narcissa_whitman_nps.jpg/220px-Narcissa_whitman_nps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Narcissa_whitman_nps.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Narcissa Whitman</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">March 14, 1808<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Prattsburgh,_New_York" title="Prattsburgh, New York">Prattsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 29, 1847<span style="display:none">(1847-11-29)</span> (aged 39)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Waiilatpu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Missionary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus Whitman</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Narcissa Prentiss Whitman</b> (March 14, 1808 – November 29, 1847) was an American missionary in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> of what would become the state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. On their way to found the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Whitman Mission</a> in 1836 with her husband, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus</a>, near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla,_Washington" title="Walla Walla, Washington">Walla Walla, Washington</a>, she and <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hart_Spalding" title="Eliza Hart Spalding">Eliza Hart Spalding</a> (wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Spalding" title="Henry H. Spalding">Henry Spalding</a>) became the first documented European-American women to cross the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Narcissa Prentiss was born in <a href="/wiki/Prattsburgh,_New_York" title="Prattsburgh, New York">Prattsburgh, New York</a>, on March 14, 1808. She was the third of nine children of Judge Stephen and Clarissa Prentiss, was the oldest of the five girls, followed by Clarissa, Mary Ann, Jane, and Harriet, and had four brothers. In 1819, Narcissa had a religious awakening and converted to the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational Church">Congregational Church</a>. She was educated at the Franklin Academy in Prattsburgh, and for a time, taught primary school in there. Like many young women of the era, she became caught up in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a>. She decided that her true calling was to become a missionary, and was accepted for missionary service in March 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-npsbio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npsbio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she was rejected for foreign mission because she was unmarried, a problem she solved by suddenly marrying Dr. Marcus Whitman on February 18, 1836, in <a href="/wiki/Angelica,_New_York" title="Angelica, New York">Angelica, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her birthplace in Prattsburgh is open to the public as the Narcissa Prentiss House.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the name is not much used today, the road from Prattsburgh, New York to Naples, New York was formerly called the Narcissa Prentiss Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journey_west">Journey west</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Journey west"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after their wedding, the Whitmans along with the also recently married Henry and Eliza Spalding headed west for the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> in March 1836 to begin their missionary activities amongst the natives.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journey was by <a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">sleigh</a>, canal barge, <a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagon</a>, river sternwheeler, horseback, and foot. Narcissa kept a journal of the trip. The founder of <a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Utah" title="Ogden, Utah">Ogden, Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Goodyear" title="Miles Goodyear">Miles Goodyear</a>, traveled with them until <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall" title="Fort Hall">Fort Hall</a>. On September 1, 1836, they arrived at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nez_Perc%C3%A9s" title="Fort Nez Percés">Fort Walla Walla</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> outpost near present-day <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla,_Washington" title="Walla Walla, Washington">Walla Walla, Washington</a>. They then traveled on to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vancouver" title="Fort Vancouver">Fort Vancouver</a> where they were hosted by Dr. <a href="/wiki/John_McLoughlin" title="John McLoughlin">John McLoughlin</a> before returning to the Walla Walla area to build their mission. Whitman and Spalding were the first white women to cross the Rocky Mountains and live in the area. She was something of a novel addition to the community for the local Native Americans, the <a href="/wiki/Cayuse_people" title="Cayuse people">Cayuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whitman_Mission">Whitman Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Whitman Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Whitman Mission</a> began to take shape in 1837, eventually growing into a major stopping point along the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> missionary <a href="/wiki/Jason_Lee_(missionary)" title="Jason Lee (missionary)">Jason Lee</a> would stop off in 1838 at the mission on his way east to gather reinforcements in the United States for his mission in the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley" title="Willamette Valley">Willamette Valley</a>. Then, in 1840, mountain man <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Meek" title="Joseph Meek">Joseph Meek</a>, whom the Whitmans met on their journey to the area, stopped off on his way to the Willamette Valley. </p><p>Built at Waiilatpu, the settlement was about six miles (10 km) from Fort Walla Walla and along the Walla Walla River.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the mission, Whitman gave Bible classes to the native population, as well as teaching them Western domestic chores that were unknown to the Native Americans. Besides the missionary goals of converting the natives, she also ran the household. Her daily activities included cooking, washing and ironing clothes, churning butter, making candles and soap, and baking. Her letters home recounted her loneliness and life at the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 14, 1837, on her twenty ninth birthday, Whitman gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/First_white_child" title="First white child">first white American</a> born in Oregon Country.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She named her Alice Clarissa after her grandmothers, and she would be their only natural child. Unfortunately, the child drowned in the <a href="/wiki/Walla_Walla_River" title="Walla Walla River">Walla Walla River</a> on June 23, 1839, at age two. Unattended for only a few moments, she had gone down to the river bank to fill her cup with water and fell in. Though her body was found shortly after, all attempts to revive her failed. However, other children came to the mission, including the <a href="/wiki/Sager_orphans" title="Sager orphans">Sager orphans</a>, to whom Whitman became a second mother.<sup id="cite_ref-npsbio_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npsbio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just before winter, in late 1842, Marcus traveled back east to recruit more <a href="/wiki/Oregon_missionaries" title="Oregon missionaries">missionaries</a> for the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time he was away, Whitman traveled west and visited other outposts in the territory including Fort Vancouver, Jason Lee's <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Mission_in_Oregon" title="Methodist Mission in Oregon">Methodist Mission</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem, Oregon</a>, and another mission near <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria, Oregon</a>. Marcus returned with his nephew, Perrin, from his trip east in 1843. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whitman_massacre">Whitman massacre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whitman massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whitman_massacre" title="Whitman massacre">Whitman massacre</a></div> <p>Throughout their time in <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a>, the Whitmans periodically encountered trouble with the native tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cayuse and the <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nez Perce people">Nez Percé tribes</a> were suspicious of the activities and the encroachment of the Americans. As early as 1841, <a href="/wiki/Tiloukaikt" title="Tiloukaikt">Tiloukaikt</a> had tried to force them to leave Waiilatpu and the ancestral homeland. </p><p>In 1847, a <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> epidemic broke out among the native population,<sup id="cite_ref-opal_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which lacked immunity to the disease and it spread quickly. The American population had some limited immunity to measles which meant a lower mortality rate than the natives. This discrepancy stirred discontent among the natives who felt Marcus was only curing the white people while letting Indian children die. The resentment boiled over on November 29, 1847, when Tiloukaikt and others attacked the mission, killing both Whitmans. This event would be remembered as the <a href="/wiki/Whitman_massacre" title="Whitman massacre">Whitman massacre</a>, in which eleven others were killed, including the young brothers John and Francis Sager. Many more were taken hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-Narcissa_Biography_2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narcissa_Biography_2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five Cayuse were hanged for murder; see <a href="/wiki/Cayuse_Five" title="Cayuse Five">Cayuse Five</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Likeness">Likeness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Likeness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png/220px-How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png/330px-How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png/440px-How_Marcus_Whitman_Saved_Oregon_scan_p._119.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>According to author O. W. Nixon, who published a portrait of Whitman drawn after her death: "No authentic picture of Mrs. Whitman is in existence. This portrait of her has been drawn under the supervision of a gentleman familiar with her appearance and with suggestions from members of her family. It is considered a good likeness of her."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text-span">This article cites its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">sources</a> but <b>does not provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITEHOW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITEHOW">page references</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEdwards,_G._Thomas" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._Thomas_Edwards" title="G. Thomas Edwards">Edwards, G. Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/whitman_narcissa_1808_1847_/#.W4g5EcInZhE">"Narcissa Whitman (1808–1847)"</a>. <i>The Oregon Encyclopedia</i>. Oregon Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narcissa+Whitman+%281808%E2%80%931847%29&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.au=Edwards%2C+G.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fwhitman_narcissa_1808_1847_%2F%23.W4g5EcInZhE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npsbio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npsbio_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npsbio_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227043751/https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/historyculture/narcissa-biography.htm">"Whitman Mission National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>Biography of Narcissa Whitman</i>. 2015-04-13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/historyculture/narcissa-biography.htm">the original</a> on 2021-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography+of+Narcissa+Whitman&rft.atitle=Whitman+Mission+National+Historic+Site+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fwhmi%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fnarcissa-biography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-opal_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen, Opal Sweazea. <i>Narcissa Whitman: An Historical Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Binfords_%26_Mort" class="mw-redirect" title="Binfords & Mort">Binfords & Mort</a>, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Applebee, Lenora J., Around Prattsburgh, Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing (2012), pp. 12, 13, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck2015" class="citation book cs1">Buck, Rinker (2015). <i>The Oregon Trail: A New American Journey</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-5917-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-5917-7"><bdi>978-1-4516-5917-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oregon+Trail%3A+A+New+American+Journey&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-5917-7&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=Rinker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">House, Kirk, "Steuben County People on the Maps of Two Worlds," <i>Steuben Echoes</i> 44:4, November 2018, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nash, Gary, <i>The American People</i>, 6th concise ed., New York: Pearson Longman, p. 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narcissa_Biography_2004-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Narcissa_Biography_2004_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305182657/https://www.nps.gov/archive/whmi/history/narcbio.htm">"Narcissa Biography"</a>. <i>Whitman Mission National Historic Site</i>. 2004-01-31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/archive/whmi/history/narcbio.htm">the original</a> on 2010-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whitman+Mission+National+Historic+Site&rft.atitle=Narcissa+Biography&rft.date=2004-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farchive%2Fwhmi%2Fhistory%2Fnarcbio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrury1937" class="citation book cs1">Drury, Clifford Merrill (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/MN41568ucmf_2#page/n189/mode/2up"><i>Marcus Whitman, M. D.: Pioneer and Martyr</i></a>. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers. p. 128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marcus+Whitman%2C+M.+D.%3A+Pioneer+and+Martyr&rft.place=Caldwell%2C+Idaho&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Caxton+Printers&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Drury&rft.aufirst=Clifford+Merrill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FMN41568ucmf_2%23page%2Fn189%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jeffrey, Julie Roy. <i>Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman</i>. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991</li> <li>Schwantes, Carlos Arnaldo. <i>The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>, 1989, 1996</li> <li>Thompson, Erwin N. <i>Whitman Mission National Historic Site: Here They Labored Among the Cayuse Indians</i>. National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 37, 1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Eaton" title="Jeanette Eaton">Eaton, Jeanette</a>. <i>Narcissa Whitman: Pioneer of Oregon</i>. Harcourt, Brace, & Co., 1941</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narcissa_Whitman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=MM19251101.2.30&srpos=22&dliv=none&e=-------en--20--21--txt-txIN-%22Marcus+Whitman%22-------1">"How One Woman Saved Three States for Union"</a>. <i>Madera Mercury</i>. November 1, 1925<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2018</span> – via California Digital Newspaper Archive (<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">University of California, Riverside</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Madera+Mercury&rft.atitle=How+One+Woman+Saved+Three+States+for+Union&rft.date=1925-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DMM19251101.2.30%26srpos%3D22%26dliv%3Dnone%26e%3D-------en--20--21--txt-txIN-%2522Marcus%2BWhitman%2522-------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANarcissa+Whitman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pioneer_history_of_Oregon_(1806–1890)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Template:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Template talk:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon_Pioneer_History" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon Pioneer History"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pioneer_history_of_Oregon_(1806–1890)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pioneer history of Oregon (1806–1890)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fur_Company" title="American Fur Company">American Fur Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_(Oregon_Country)" title="Executive Committee (Oregon Country)">Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_ferries_in_Oregon" title="Historic ferries in Oregon">Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_and_California_Railroad" title="Oregon and California Railroad">Oregon & California Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_boundary_dispute" title="Oregon boundary dispute">Oregon boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Lyceum" title="Oregon Lyceum">Oregon Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_missionaries" title="Oregon missionaries">Oregon missionaries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Spectator" title="Oregon Spectator">Oregon Spectator</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Laws_of_Oregon" title="Organic Laws of Oregon">Organic Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company" title="Pacific Fur Company">Pacific Fur Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Provisional Government of Oregon seal"><img alt="Provisional Government of Oregon seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/49px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/74px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png/98px-Oregon_Provisional_Government_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-American_Treaty_of_1824" title="Russo-American Treaty of 1824">Russo-American Treaty of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Cattle_Company" title="Willamette Cattle Company">Willamette Cattle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champoeg_Meetings" title="Champoeg Meetings">Champoeg Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Oregon_(event)" title="Star of Oregon (event)">Star of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_massacre" title="Whitman massacre">Whitman massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuse_War" title="Cayuse War">Cayuse War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_Land_Claim_Act" title="Donation Land Claim Act">Donation Land Claim Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_v._Ford" title="Holmes v. Ford">Holmes v. Ford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_River_Wars" title="Rogue River Wars">Rogue River Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitutional_Convention" title="Oregon Constitutional Convention">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_War" title="Modoc War">Modoc War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gale_of_1880" title="Great Gale of 1880">Great Gale of 1880</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applegate_Trail" title="Applegate Trail">Applegate Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlow_Road" title="Barlow Road">Barlow Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canemah,_Oregon" title="Canemah, Oregon">Canemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champoeg,_Oregon" title="Champoeg, Oregon">Champoeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Cutoff" title="Elliott Cutoff">Elliott Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Astoria" title="Fort Astoria">Fort Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dalles" title="Fort Dalles">Fort Dalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Vancouver" title="Fort Vancouver">Fort Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_William_(Oregon)" title="Fort William (Oregon)">Fort William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Prairie" title="French Prairie">French Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_City,_Oregon" title="Linn City, Oregon">Linn City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meek_Cutoff" title="Meek Cutoff">Meek Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Mission_in_Oregon" title="Methodist Mission in Oregon">Methodist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Institute" title="Oregon Institute">Oregon Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Foster_Farm" title="Philip Foster Farm">Philip Foster Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_and_Ruckle_Road" title="Thomas and Ruckle Road">Thomas and Ruckle Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Academy" title="Tualatin Academy">Tualatin Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Whitman Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Trading_Post" title="Willamette Trading Post">Willamette Trading Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abernethy" title="George Abernethy">George Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Applegate" title="Jesse Applegate">Jesse Applegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Babcock" title="Ira Babcock">Ira Babcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Barlow_(pioneer)" title="Sam Barlow (pioneer)">Sam Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Norbert_Blanchet" title="François Norbert Blanchet">François Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Boring" title="William H. Boring">William H. Boring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Bristow" title="Elijah Bristow">Elijah Bristow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Moffatt_Brown" title="Tabitha Moffatt Brown">Tabitha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Deady" title="Matthew Deady">Matthew Deady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Scott_Duniway" title="Abigail Scott Duniway">Abigail Scott Duniway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lamb_Eliot" title="Thomas Lamb Eliot">Thomas Lamb Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Foster" title="Philip Foster">Philip Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_French" title="Peter French">Peter French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gale" title="Joseph Gale">Joseph Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Gilliam" title="Cornelius Gilliam">Cornelius Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hill_(Oregon_politician)" title="David Hill (Oregon politician)">David Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Joseph" title="Chief Joseph">Chief Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kellogg" title="Joseph Kellogg">Joseph Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._G._Lee" title="Henry A. G. Lee">H.A.G. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Lee_(missionary)" title="Jason Lee (missionary)">Jason Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thomas_Lenox" title="David Thomas Lenox">David Thomas Lenox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Lovejoy" title="Asa Lovejoy">Asa Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_M._McCarver" title="Morton M. McCarver">Morton M. McCarver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLoughlin" title="John McLoughlin">John McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Meek" title="Joseph Meek">Joseph Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Meeker" title="Ezra Meeker">Ezra Meeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Miller" title="James D. Miller">James D. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Minto_(Oregon_pioneer)" title="John Minto (Oregon pioneer)">John Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Newell_(politician)" title="Robert Newell (politician)">Robert Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Palmer" title="Joel Palmer">Joel Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Russell" title="Osborne Russell">Osborne Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sager_orphans" title="Sager orphans">Sager orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Scott_(Oregon_politician)" title="Levi Scott (Oregon politician)">Levi Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hart_Spalding" title="Eliza Hart Spalding">Eliza Hart Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Spalding" title="Henry H. Spalding">Henry Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vandevert" title="William Vandevert">William Vandevert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_White" title="Elijah White">Elijah White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus Whitman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narcissa Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Williams" title="George Henry Williams">Geo. H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewing_Young" title="Ewing Young">Ewing Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(sidewheeler_1850)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (sidewheeler 1850)"><i>Columbia</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_Whitcomb_(sidewheeler)" title="Lot Whitcomb (sidewheeler)">Lot Whitcomb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canemah_(sidewheeler)" title="Canemah (sidewheeler)"><i>Canemah</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Wright_(sternwheeler)" title="Colonel Wright (sternwheeler)">Colonel Wright</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_(sidewheeler_1854)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle (sidewheeler 1854)">Gazelle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Steam_Navigation_Company" title="Oregon Steam Navigation Company">Oregon Steam Navigation Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oregon" title="History of Oregon">Oregon history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_peoples_of_Oregon" title="Native American peoples of Oregon">Native peoples history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_history_to_1806&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oregon history to 1806 (page does not exist)">History to 1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_pioneer_history" title="Oregon pioneer history">Pioneer history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oregon_modern_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oregon modern history (page does not exist)">Modern history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christian_Missionary_history_of_Oregon_Country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oregon_Country_Missionaries" title="Template:Oregon Country Missionaries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oregon_Country_Missionaries" title="Template talk:Oregon Country Missionaries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon_Country_Missionaries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon Country Missionaries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_Missionary_history_of_Oregon_Country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Christian Missionary history of <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Babcock" title="Ira Babcock">Ira Babcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jewett_Smith_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Jewett Smith Bailey">Margaret Jewett Smith Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanson_Beers" title="Alanson Beers">Alanson Beers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_L._Clark" title="Harvey L. Clark">Harvey L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Frost" title="Joseph H. Frost">Joseph H. Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lee_(missionary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Lee (missionary)">Daniel Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Lee_(missionary)" title="Jason Lee (missionary)">Jason Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Leslie_(Oregon_politician)" title="David Leslie (Oregon politician)">David Leslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Lamberson_Parrish" title="Josiah Lamberson Parrish">Josiah Lamberson Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_K._W._Perkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry K. W. Perkins (page does not exist)">Henry K. W. Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Richmond" title="John P. Richmond">John P. Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_White" title="Elijah White">Elijah White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Clark_Willson" title="Chloe Clark Willson">Chloe Clark Willson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Willson" title="William H. Willson">William H. Willson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodist Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clatsop_Mission" title="Clatsop Mission">Clatsop Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Mission_in_Oregon" title="Methodist Mission in Oregon">Methodist Mission in Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisqually_Mission" title="Nisqually Mission">Nisqually Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wascopam_Mission" title="Wascopam Mission">Wascopam Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Willamette Mission">Willamette Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Accolti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Accolti (page does not exist)">Michael Accolti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin-Magloire_Blanchet" title="Augustin-Magloire Blanchet">Augustin-Magloire Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Norbert_Blanchet" title="François Norbert Blanchet">François Norbert Blanchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Zacharie_Bolduc" title="Jean-Baptiste-Zacharie Bolduc">Jean-Baptiste-Zacharie Bolduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_De_Smet" title="Pierre-Jean De Smet">Pierre-Jean De Smet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modeste_Demers" title="Modeste Demers">Modeste Demers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Langlois" title="Antoine Langlois">Antoine Langlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nobili" title="John Nobili">John Nobili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Point" title="Nicholas Point">Nicholas Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ravalli" title="Antonio Ravalli">Antonio Ravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Vercruyesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Vercruyesse (page does not exist)">Louis Vercruyesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacred_Heart_Mission_(Idaho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacred Heart Mission (Idaho) (page does not exist)">Sacred Heart Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_Mission_(Toledo,_Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Xavier Mission (Toledo, Washington)">St. Francis Xavier Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Roman_Catholic_Church_(St._Paul,_Oregon)" title="St. Paul Roman Catholic Church (St. Paul, Oregon)">St. Paul Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Mission" title="St. Paul's Mission">St. Paul's Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">ABCFM Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushing_Eells" title="Cushing Eells">Cushing Eells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Augusta_Dix_Gray" title="Mary Augusta Dix Gray">Mary A. Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_(Oregon_politician)" title="William H. Gray (Oregon politician)">William H. Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Bowen_Smith" title="Asa Bowen Smith">Asa Bowen Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hart_Spalding" title="Eliza Hart Spalding">Eliza Hart Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Spalding" title="Henry H. Spalding">Henry H. Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkanah_Walker" title="Elkanah Walker">Elkanah Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Walker" title="Mary Richardson Walker">Mary Richardson Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Whitman" title="Marcus Whitman">Marcus Whitman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Narcissa Whitman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ABCFM Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamiah_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamiah Mission (page does not exist)">Kamiah Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapwai_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapwai Mission (page does not exist)">Lapwai Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimnap_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimnap Mission (page does not exist)">Shimnap Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshimakain_Mission" title="Tshimakain Mission">Tshimakain Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_Mission_National_Historic_Site" title="Whitman Mission National Historic Site">Waiilaptu Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470217#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470217#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470217#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1066974195">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81147664">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1012186">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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