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sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hovudside" title="Gå til hovudsida [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hovudside</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbeidskontoret" title="Om prosjektet, kva du kan gjera, kvar du finn saker og ting"><span>Arbeidskontoret</span></a></li><li id="n-samfunnshuset" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset"><span>Samfunnshuset</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringar" title="Liste over dei siste endringane som er gjorde på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Caldera" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159954" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Kaldera" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Kaldera" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Danning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Danning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Danning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Danning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Danning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eksplosive_kalderaer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksplosive_kalderaer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Eksplosive kalderaer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksplosive_kalderaer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikkje-eksplosive_kalderaer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikkje-eksplosive_kalderaer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ikkje-eksplosive kalderaer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikkje-eksplosive_kalderaer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikkje-vulkanske_kalderaer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikkje-vulkanske_kalderaer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ikkje-vulkanske kalderaer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikkje-vulkanske_kalderaer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjende_kalderaer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjende_kalderaer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kjende kalderaer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjende_kalderaer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjå_òg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjå_òg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sjå òg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjå_òg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaldera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 75 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_(Krater)" title="Caldera (Krater) – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Caldera (Krater)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="كالديرا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالديرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_volcanica" title="Caldera volcanica – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Caldera volcanica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_volc%C3%A1nica" title="Caldera volcánica – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caldera volcánica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдэра – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кальдэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдэра – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кальдэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="काल्डेरा – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="काल्डेरा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Калдера – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калдера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldeira" title="Kaldeira – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaldeira" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_volc%C3%A0nica" title="Caldera volcànica – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caldera volcànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callor" title="Callor – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Callor" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_(Krater)" title="Caldera (Krater) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Caldera (Krater)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldeera" title="Kaldeera – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaldeera" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Καλδέρα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλδέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_volc%C3%A1nica" title="Caldera volcánica – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caldera volcánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldero" title="Kaldero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaldero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumendi-galdara" title="Sumendi-galdara – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumendi-galdara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کاسه آتشفشانی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاسه آتشفشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldeira" title="Caldeira – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caldeira" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caild%C3%A9ara" title="Caildéara – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caildéara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldeira_volc%C3%A1nica" title="Caldeira volcánica – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caldeira volcánica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%8D%B0%EB%9D%BC" title="칼데라 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼데라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Կալդերա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալդերա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ज्वालामुख-कुण्ड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्वालामुख-कुण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigketill" title="Sigketill – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sigketill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="קלדרה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="კალდერა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალდერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдера – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кальдера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдира – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кальдира" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera_(Krater)" title="Caldera (Krater) – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Caldera (Krater)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Калдера – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калдера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1" title="കാൽഡെറ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൽഡെറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="კალდერა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალდერა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldeira" title="Caldeira – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Caldeira" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9" title="カルデラ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルデラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдера – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кальдера" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldeira_vulc%C3%A2nica" title="Caldeira vulcânica – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caldeira vulcânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldeir%C4%83" title="Caldeiră – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caldeiră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдера – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кальдера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caldera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Калдера – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калдера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kald%C3%A9ra" title="Kaldéra – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaldéra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="แอ่งยุบปากปล่อง – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอ่งยุบปากปล่อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldera" title="Kaldera – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaldera" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кальдера – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кальдера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B5m_ch%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hõm chảo – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hõm chảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="破火山口" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="陷落火山口 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陷落火山口" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="破火山口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159954#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaldera" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Kaldera" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaldera"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaldera"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Kaldera" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Kaldera" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&oldid=3480548" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Kaldera&id=3480548&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaldera"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKaldera"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kaldera"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kaldera&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Santorini_ASTER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Santorini_ASTER.jpg/220px-Santorini_ASTER.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Santorini_ASTER.jpg/330px-Santorini_ASTER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Santorini_ASTER.jpg/440px-Santorini_ASTER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="1230" /></a><figcaption>Satellittbilete av <a href="/wiki/Santorini" class="mw-redirect" title="Santorini">Santorini</a> sin kaldera, danna av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_minoiske_utbrotet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det minoiske utbrotet (sida finst ikkje)">det minoiske utbrotet</a> rundt 1600 f.Kr.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ein <b>kaldera</b> eller <b>caldera</b> er ei <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkansk</a> landform som har oppstått når overflata har kollapsa ned i eit tomt <a href="/wiki/Magmakammer" title="Magmakammer">magmakammer</a> etter eit <a href="/wiki/Vulkanutbrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulkanutbrot">vulkanutbrot</a>. Dei vert ofte forveksla med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkankrater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkankrater (sida finst ikkje)">vulkankrater</a>. Ordet «kaldera» kjem frå <a href="/wiki/Spansk" title="Spansk">spansk</a> og tyder 'stor <a href="/wiki/Gryte" title="Gryte">gryte</a>' eller '<a href="/wiki/Kittel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kittel">kittel</a>'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Danning">Danning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Danning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Danning"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ein kaldera oppstår når landmassar fell ned i eit tomt <a href="/wiki/Magmakammer" title="Magmakammer">magmakammer</a> under vulkanen, vanlegvis etter eit stort utbrot. Om det vert slynga ut nok <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> vil ikkje det tomme magmakammeret klare å støtte opp vekta av fjellet over kammeret. Det oppstår sprekker rundt kanten av kammeret, vanlegvis i ei sirkelform, og desse sprekkene kan så fungere som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkanventil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkanventil (sida finst ikkje)">vulkanventilar</a>. Når magmakammeret vert tømd byrjar senteret av vulkanen å kollapse. Dette kan oppstå som følgje av eit enkelt massivt utbrot eller i fleire stadium som følgje av ei rekkje utbrot. Det totalet området som har kollapsa kan verte hundrevis eller tusenvis av kvadratkilometer stort. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Toba_zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Toba_zoom.jpg/220px-Toba_zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Toba_zoom.jpg/330px-Toba_zoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Toba_zoom.jpg/440px-Toba_zoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Satellittbilete av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobasj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobasjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Tobasjøen</a>. Ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjenoppliva_dom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjenoppliva dom (sida finst ikkje)">gjenoppliva dom</a> danna øya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samosir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samosir (sida finst ikkje)">Samosir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eksplosive_kalderaer">Eksplosive kalderaer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Eksplosive kalderaer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksplosive kalderaer"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om magmaen er rik på <a href="/wiki/Silika" title="Silika">silika</a> vert kalderaen ofte fylt med <a href="/wiki/Ignimbritt" title="Ignimbritt">ignimbritt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhyolitt" title="Rhyolitt">rhyolitt</a> og andre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkansk_bergartar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkansk bergartar (sida finst ikkje)">vulkanske bergartar</a>. Silikarik magma renn sakte eller har høg <a href="/wiki/Viskositet" title="Viskositet">viskositet</a>. Som følgje av dette vert ofte gassane stengd inne under høgt trykk i magmaen. Når magmaen kjem nær jordoverflata utvidar gassen seg raskt, skapar <a href="/wiki/Eksplosjon" title="Eksplosjon">eksplosjonar</a> og spreier <a href="/wiki/Vulkansk_oske" title="Vulkansk oske">vulkansk oske</a> over store område. Det kan sprøytast ut meir <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> og midten av kalderaen vert ofte løfta og dannar ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjennoppliva_dom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjennoppliva dom (sida finst ikkje)">gjennoppliva dom</a> ved påfølgjande intrusjon av magma. Ein kiselhaldig eller rhyolittisk kaldera kan sprøyte ut hundrevis eller til og med tusenvis av <a href="/wiki/Kubikkilometer" title="Kubikkilometer">kubikkilometer</a> med stoff i eitt enkelt tilfelle. Sjølv små kalderadannande utbrot, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krakatoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krakatoa (sida finst ikkje)">Krakatoa</a> i 1883 eller <a href="/wiki/Pinatubo" title="Pinatubo">Pinatubo</a> i 1991, kan føre til stor lokal øydelegging og fall i temperaturen verda over. Store kalderaer har langt større effekt. </p><p>Då <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellowstone Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Yellowstone Caldera</a> hadde det siste utbrotet sitt for 640 000 år sidan vart tusen kubikkilometer med stoff kasta ut og heile <a href="/wiki/Nord-Amerika" title="Nord-Amerika">Nord-Amerika</a> vart dekt av opp til to meter med avfall. Til samanlikning kasta <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> i <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> ut 1,2 kubikkilometer med stoff. Dei økologiske effektane av eit utbrot frå ein stor kaldera kan ein sjå i utbrotet ved <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobasj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobasjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Tobasjøen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. For om lag 75 000 år sidan kasta denne vulkanen ut 2 800 kubikkilometer med stoff, det største kjende utbrotet i <a href="/wiki/Kvart%C3%A6rtida" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvartærtida">kvartærtida</a> (som varte 1,8 millionar år). Arkeologen Stanley Ambrose<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meinte at ein <a href="/wiki/Vulkanvinter" title="Vulkanvinter">vulkanvinter</a> som følgje av dette utbrotet reduserte menneskebestanden til eit par tusen individ, som førte til ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetisk_flaskehals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetisk flaskehals (sida finst ikkje)">genetisk flaskehals</a>. Ein kjenner til enno større kaledradannande utbrot, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Garita_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Garita Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">La Garita Caldera</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Juan-fjella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Juan-fjella (sida finst ikkje)">San Juan-fjella</a> i <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, der 5000 kubikkliometer med tuff vart kasta ut i eit enkelt utbrot for 27,8 millionar år sidan. </p><p>Til enkelte tider har rhyolittiske kalderaer oppstått i grupper. Restane av slike grupper finn ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Juan-fjella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Juan-fjella (sida finst ikkje)">San Juan-fjella</a> i <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Francois-fjella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Francois-fjella (sida finst ikkje)">Saint Francois-fjella</a> i <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> i USA. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG/220px-La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG/330px-La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG/440px-La_Cumbre_-_ISS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Bilete av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernandina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernandina (sida finst ikkje)">Fernandina</a> sin kaldera frå romstasjonen ISS</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikkje-eksplosive_kalderaer">Ikkje-eksplosive kalderaer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Ikkje-eksplosive kalderaer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ikkje-eksplosive kalderaer"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nokre vulkanar, som <a href="/wiki/K%C4%ABlauea" title="Kīlauea">Kīlauea</a> på øya <a href="/wiki/%C3%98ya_Hawaii" title="Øya Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, har danna andre typar kalderaer. I Kilauea sitt tilfelle har magmaen i vulkanen relativt lite silika. Dette fører til at magmaen er mykje mindre viskøs enn magma i ein rhyolittisk vulkan, og magmakammeret vert tømt som følgje av store lavastraumar i staden for eksplosive hendingar. Denne typen kalderaer vert òg kalla subsidenskalderaer, og oppstår ofte meir gradvis enn eksplosive kalderaer. Til dømes kollapsa kalderaen på toppen av øya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernandina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernandina (sida finst ikkje)">Fernandina</a> i 1968, då delar av botn av kalderaen fall 350 meter rett ned.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalderaen til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilauea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilauea (sida finst ikkje)">Kilauea</a> har eit indre krater kalla Halema‘uma‘u, som ofte har vorte fylt av ein lavasjø. Den største vulkanen på Jorda, <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a>, inneheld òg ein subsidenskaldera kalla Moku‘āweoweo Caldera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ikkje-vulkanske_kalderaer">Ikkje-vulkanske kalderaer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Ikkje-vulkanske kalderaer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ikkje-vulkanske kalderaer"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er mogeleg, men sjeldan, at ein får danna kalderaliknande formasjonar ved erosjon i staden for vulkanisme. <a href="/wiki/Caldera_de_Taburiente" title="Caldera de Taburiente">Caldera de Taburiente</a> på <a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a> på <a href="/wiki/Kanari%C3%B8yane" title="Kanariøyane">Kanariøyane</a> er døme på dette. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjende_kalderaer">Kjende kalderaer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Kjende kalderaer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjende kalderaer"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Afrika <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngorongorokrateret" title="Ngorongorokrateret">Ngorongorokrateret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elgon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elgon (sida finst ikkje)">Elgon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chã das Caldeiras (sida finst ikkje)">Chã das Caldeiras</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kapp_Verde" title="Kapp Verde">Kapp Verde</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airakalderaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airakalderaen (sida finst ikkje)">Airakalderaen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kagoshima_prefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kagoshima prefektur (sida finst ikkje)">Kagoshima prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aso (sida finst ikkje)">Aso</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumamoto_prefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumamoto prefektur (sida finst ikkje)">Kumamoto prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halla (sida finst ikkje)">Halla</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeju-do&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeju-do (sida finst ikkje)">Jeju-do</a> i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Korea" title="Sør-Korea">Sør-Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kikaikalderaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kikaikalderaen (sida finst ikkje)">Kikaikalderaen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kagoshima_prefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kagoshima prefektur (sida finst ikkje)">Kagoshima prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krakatoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krakatoa (sida finst ikkje)">Krakatoa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinatubo" title="Pinatubo">Pinatubo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> på <a href="/wiki/Filippinane" title="Filippinane">Filippinane</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taal (sida finst ikkje)">Taal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> på <a href="/wiki/Filippinane" title="Filippinane">Filippinane</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobasj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobasjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Tobasjøen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambora" title="Tambora">Tambora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sumbawa" title="Sumbawa">Sumbawa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tao-Rusyr-kalderaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tao-Rusyr-kalderaen (sida finst ikkje)">Tao-Rusyr-kalderaen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Onekotan" title="Onekotan">Onekotan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Towadasj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Towadasjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Towadasjøen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aomori_prefektur" title="Aomori prefektur">Aomori prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tazawasj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tazawasjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Tazawasjøen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Akita_prefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akita prefektur (sida finst ikkje)">Akita prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashisj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashisjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Ashisjøen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanagawa_prefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanagawa prefektur (sida finst ikkje)">Kanagawa prefektur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg/220px-Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg/330px-Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg/440px-Crater_Lake_from_rim-USGS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crater_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crater Lake (sida finst ikkje)">Crater Lake</a> i Oregon danna rundt år 5 680 f.Kr.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg/220px-Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg/330px-Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg/440px-Island_Park_Caldera_NASA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Island_Park_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Island Park Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Island Park Caldera</a> i Idaho sett frå rommet. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellowstone Park (sida finst ikkje)">Yellowstone Park</a> ligg i aust og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonfjella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonfjella (sida finst ikkje)">Tetonfjella</a> i sørvest.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Amerika <ul><li>USA <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_Ground_Lake_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle Ground Lake State Park (sida finst ikkje)">Battle Ground Lake State Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Aniakchak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Aniakchak (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Aniakchak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> i USA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crater_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crater Lake (sida finst ikkje)">Crater Lake</a> på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Mazama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Mazama (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Mazama</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Crater_Lake_nasjonalpark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crater Lake nasjonalpark (sida finst ikkje)">Crater Lake nasjonalpark</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Katmai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Katmai (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Katmai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Garita_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Garita Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">La Garita Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Valley_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Valley Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Long Valley</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Island_Park_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Island Park Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Island Park Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newberry_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newberry Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Newberry Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Okmok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Okmok (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Okmok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valle_Grande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valle Grande (sida finst ikkje)">Valle Grande</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellowstone_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellowstone Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Yellowstone Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Silverthrone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Silverthrone (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Silverthrone</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Edziza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Edziza (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Edziza</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bennett_Lake-vulkankompleks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bennett Lake-vulkankompleks (sida finst ikkje)">Bennett Lake-vulkankompleks</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ash_Pit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ash Pit (sida finst ikkje)">The Ash Pit</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Pleasant_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Pleasant Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Pleasant Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sturgeon_Lake_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sturgeon Lake Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Sturgeon Lake Caldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Skukum-vulkankompeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Skukum-vulkankompeks (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Skukum-vulkankompeks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blake_River-megakaldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blake River-megakaldera (sida finst ikkje)">Blake River-megakaldera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> i <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Andre stader <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masaya (sida finst ikkje)">Masaya</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atitlansj%C3%B8en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atitlansjøen (sida finst ikkje)">Atitlansjøen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernandina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernandina (sida finst ikkje)">Fernandina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Galapagos" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos">Galapagos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gal%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galán (sida finst ikkje)">Galán</a> i <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Europa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santorini" class="mw-redirect" title="Santorini">Santorini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askja" title="Askja">Askja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campi_Flegrei" title="Campi Flegrei">Campi Flegrei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braccianosj%C3%B8en" title="Braccianosjøen">Braccianosjøen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parque_Nacional_de_la_Caldera_de_Taburiente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente (sida finst ikkje)">Caldera de Taburiente</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Ca%C3%B1adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Cañadas (sida finst ikkje)">Las Cañadas</a> på <a href="/wiki/Teide" title="Teide">Teide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardnamurchan" title="Ardnamurchan">Ardnamurchan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland">Skottland</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg/220px-Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg/330px-Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg/440px-Lake_taupo_landsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Satellittbilete av <a href="/wiki/Tauposj%C3%B8en" title="Tauposjøen">Tauposjøen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Oseania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Taupo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Taupo">Lake Taupo</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Warning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Warning (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Warning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Lake_i_South_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Lake i South Australia (sida finst ikkje)">Blue Lake i South Australia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Gambier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Gambier (sida finst ikkje)">Mount Gambier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilauea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilauea (sida finst ikkje)">Kilauea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> i USA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moku%E2%80%98%C4%81weoweo_Caldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moku‘āweoweo Caldera (sida finst ikkje)">Moku‘āweoweo Caldera</a> på <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> i USA)</li></ul></li> <li>Anatarktis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deception_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Deception Island">Deception Island</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indiahavet <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirque_de_Mafate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirque de Mafate (sida finst ikkje)">Cirque de Mafate</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirque_de_Salazie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirque de Salazie (sida finst ikkje)">Cirque de Salazie</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirque_de_Cilaos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirque de Cilaos (sida finst ikkje)">Cirque de Cilaos</a> på <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Mars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a>-kalderaen</li></ul></li> <li>Venus <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maat_Mons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maat Mons (sida finst ikkje)">Maat Mons</a>-kalderaen</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjå_òg"><span id="Sj.C3.A5_.C3.B2g"></span>Sjå òg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Sjå òg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sjå òg"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supervulkan" title="Supervulkan">Supervulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkaneksplosivitetsindeks" title="Vulkaneksplosivitetsindeks">Vulkaneksplosivitetsindeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommavulkan" title="Sommavulkan">Sommavulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kompleks_vulkan" title="Kompleks vulkan">Kompleks vulkan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209215712/http://www.anthro.uiuc.edu/faculty/ambrose/"><i>arkivkopi</i></a>, arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthro.uiuc.edu/faculty/ambrose/">originalen</a> 9. februar 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 15. november 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AKaldera&rft.btitle=arkivkopi&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anthro.uiuc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fambrose%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027180108/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1503-01=&VErupt=Y&VSources=Y&VRep=Y&VWeekly=Y&volpage=photos&photo=062078"><i>arkivkopi</i></a>, arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1503-01=&VErupt=Y&VSources=Y&VRep=Y&VWeekly=Y&volpage=photos&photo=062078">originalen</a> 27. oktober 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, henta 15. november 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AKaldera&rft.btitle=arkivkopi&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcano.si.edu%2Fworld%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvnum%3D1503-01%3D%26VErupt%3DY%26VSources%3DY%26VRep%3DY%26VWeekly%3DY%26volpage%3Dphotos%26photo%3D062078&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera" class="extiw" title="en:Caldera">Caldera</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 15. november 2007.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a> oppgav desse kjeldene:</i></li></ul></li> <li>Peter Lipman (1999). «Caldera». <i>I</i> Haraldur Sigurdsson, red. <i>Encyclopedia of Volcanoes</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/012643140X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-12-643140-X</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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