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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Historical accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Library</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Library-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Library subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_at_1_Wimpole_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_at_1_Wimpole_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Library at 1 Wimpole Street</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_at_1_Wimpole_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anaesthesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anaesthesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Anaesthesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anaesthesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dermatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dermatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dermatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dermatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ear,_nose_and_throat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ear,_nose_and_throat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ear, nose and throat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ear,_nose_and_throat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>History of medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odontology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odontology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Odontology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthopaedics,_proctology,_and_urology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthopaedics,_proctology,_and_urology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Orthopaedics, proctology, and urology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthopaedics,_proctology,_and_urology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gold_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gold Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edward_Jenner_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edward_Jenner_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Edward Jenner Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edward_Jenner_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ellison-Cliffe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ellison-Cliffe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ellison-Cliffe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ellison-Cliffe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norah_Schuster_prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norah_Schuster_prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Norah Schuster prize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norah_Schuster_prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&params=51.5161_N_0.1471_W_type:landmark_region:GB-WSM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5161°N 0.1471°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5161; -0.1471</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Learned society devoted to medical science in the United Kingdom</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medical_Society" title="Royal Medical Society">Royal Medical Society</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>Royal Society of Medicine</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RSM_crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RSM logo"><img alt="RSM logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RSM_crest.svg/85px-RSM_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RSM_crest.svg/128px-RSM_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RSM_crest.svg/170px-RSM_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="295" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RSM_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RSM wordmark"><img alt="RSM wordmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RSM_wordmark.svg/150px-RSM_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RSM_wordmark.svg/225px-RSM_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/RSM_wordmark.svg/300px-RSM_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="218" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>RSM</i> logo and wordmark</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg/200px-Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg/300px-Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg/400px-Royal_Society_of_Medicine_1_Wimpole_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RSM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">May 2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/Wimpole_Street" title="Wimpole Street">Wimpole Street</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, W1G 0AE</span>, <span class="country-name">UK</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Leng" title="Gillian Leng">Gillian Leng</a><sup id="cite_ref-RSM2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSM2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Award(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Jenner Medal">Edward Jenner Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stevens_Lecture" title="Edwin Stevens Lecture">Edwin Stevens Lecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison%E2%80%93Cliffe_Lecture" title="Ellison–Cliffe Lecture">Ellison–Cliffe Lecture</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsm.ac.uk">www<wbr />.rsm<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3446034#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London" title="Medical and Chirurgical Society of London">Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Royal Society of Medicine</b> (<b>RSM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">medical society</a> based at 1 <a href="/wiki/Wimpole_Street" title="Wimpole Street">Wimpole Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Foster2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foster2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a registered charity, with admission through membership.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BMJ_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) was formed in 1907 when 17 individual medical societies merged with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London">Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London</a> (RMCS), reflecting the growing acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">medical specialties</a> at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Key figures in its founding included <a href="/wiki/John_MacAlister" title="John MacAlister">John MacAlister</a>, the resident librarian at the RMCS since 1886, and his supporters <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Powell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Powell, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Douglas Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Church,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Church, 1st Baronet">Sir William Selby Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Osler" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Osler">Sir William Osler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London">Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London</a></div> <p>Although the Society became the RSM in 1907, it is generally accepted by its historians that the origins date back to 1805, when <a href="/wiki/John_Yelloly" title="John Yelloly">John Yelloly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Marcet" title="Alexander Marcet">Alexander Marcet</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Saunders_(physician)" title="William Saunders (physician)">William Saunders</a> left the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Society_of_London" title="Medical Society of London">Medical Society of London</a> (MSL) as a protest against its president <a href="/wiki/James_Sims_(physician)" title="James Sims (physician)">James Sims</a>, and created the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The history can be further traced back to the creation of the MSL in 1773,<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as far back as 1660 with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its first meeting at <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a>, it was decided that the president would hold office for two years, and membership would be by nomination and election with an initial admission fee and then annual subscription.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was to avoid a repeat of what had happened at the MSL with the autocratic Sims holding office for over 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politics, it was decided, was to strictly be kept out of any agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest members to join was <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sir_David_Dundas,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir David Dundas, 1st Baronet">Sir David Dundas</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Parkinson" title="James Parkinson">James Parkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Haighton" title="John Haighton">John Haighton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everard_Home" title="Everard Home">Everard Home</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Croft,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Croft, 6th Baronet">Richard Croft</a>, were among those invited to be members without election.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honorary membership was created for leading scientists not necessarily from the medical field; the first including <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Aikin" title="John Aikin">John Aikin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1810 to 1819 the Society met at 3 <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn_Fields" title="Lincoln's Inn Fields">Lincoln's Inn Fields</a> before transferring to 57 Lincolns Inn Fields, where it stayed from 1820 to 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1834 it received a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> by <a href="/wiki/King_William_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King William IV">King William IV</a>, became the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, and in the same year moved to 53 <a href="/wiki/Berners_Street" title="Berners Street">Berners Street</a>, where it remained until moving to 20 <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square,_Westminster" title="Hanover Square, Westminster">Hanover Square</a> in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1891 the building there housed 16 separate medical societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Yelloly.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Yelloly"><img alt="John Yelloly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Yelloly.jpg/91px-John_Yelloly.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Yelloly.jpg/137px-John_Yelloly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/John_Yelloly.jpg/183px-John_Yelloly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="2156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">John Yelloly</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Librarian's room. 2 Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn (1805–1810)[9]"><img alt="Librarian's room. 2 Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn (1805–1810)[9]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg/120px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg/180px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg/240px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Librarian's room. 2 Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn (1805–1810)<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Library and Reading Room. Berners Street (1834–1890)[4]"><img alt="Library and Reading Room. Berners Street (1834–1890)[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg/120px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg/180px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg/240px-The_Royal_Medical_and_Chirurgical_Society_of_London._Wellcome_L0005255EA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Library and Reading Room. Berners Street (1834–1890)<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1905, at his RMCS presidential address, Powell delivered an official proposal to form one co-ordinated central organisation consisting of sections that represented the varied specialties, each with its own council.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first president was Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.App_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.App-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the leadership of MacAlister and Osler several medical societies merged with the RMCS of London to form the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) in 1907, but the Medical Society of London remained separate.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Harveian_Society_of_London" title="Harveian Society of London">Harveian Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunterian_Society" title="Hunterian Society">Hunterian Society</a> were kept out as it was decided that these two societies served different purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New rules were adopted on 14 June 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Mann2012_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mann2012-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One woman member, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Dacomb_Scharlieb" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb">Mary Ann Dacomb Scharlieb</a> of the obstetric and gynaecological section, was listed in the first council meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1907 and 1909, the 17 old societies that had merged, formed their corresponding specialty sections at the new RSM.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sections of medicine and surgery were created from the RMCS.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first general meeting was held on 14 June 1907 at Hanover Square.<sup id="cite_ref-Cushing_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cushing-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 17 societies that merged with the RMCS were: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li>Society of Anaesthetists<sup id="cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padfield2000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>British Balneological and Climatology Society<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson1990_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson1990-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mason1962_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason1962-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_Society_of_London" title="Clinical Society of London">Clinical Society of London</a></li> <li>Dermatological Society of London</li> <li>Dermatological Society of Great Britain and Ireland</li> <li>Society for the Study of Diseases in Children</li> <li>British Electrotherapeutic Society</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiological_Society_of_London" title="Epidemiological Society of London">Epidemiological Society of London</a></li> <li>British Gynaecological Society<sup id="cite_ref-Meadows1885_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meadows1885-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>British Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Association</li> <li>Laryngological Society of London</li> <li>Neurological Society of the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-Schurr1985_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schurr1985-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_Society_of_London" title="Obstetrical Society of London">Obstetrical Society of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontological_Society_of_Great_Britain" title="Odontological Society of Great Britain">Odontological Society of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_Society_of_London" title="Pathological Society of London">Pathological Society of London</a></li> <li>Therapeutical Society</li></ul> </div> <p>In 1910 the Society purchased 2-5 Henrietta Street, the site at the corner of Henrietta Place and <a href="/wiki/Wimpole_Street" title="Wimpole Street">Wimpole Street</a>, which was opened by <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> in May 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until then, the Society met at 15 <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Square" title="Cavendish Square">Cavendish Square</a>, having moved out of Hanover Square two years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building at 1 Wimpole Street was designed by architects <a href="/wiki/John_Belcher_(architect)" title="John Belcher (architect)">John Belcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_James_Joass" title="John James Joass">J. J. Joass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first nine months membership increased from 1,322 to 2,025.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It housed the Marcus Beck Laboratory, where animal experiments were carried out by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ronald_Ross" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Ronald Ross">Sir Ronald Ross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ross, at the time living around the corner from the RSM, in Cavendish Square, applied to use the laboratory at the suggestion of McAlister in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Nye1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nye1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some financial support was received from <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Durning-Lawrence" title="Edwin Durning-Lawrence">Sir Edwin Durning-Lawrence</a>, and with assistance from Champneys, he was granted a license to conduct animal experiments there.<sup id="cite_ref-Nye1997_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nye1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his activities was a survey of local children's spleens.<sup id="cite_ref-Nye1997_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nye1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His younger brother joined him at the laboratory in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-Nye1997_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nye1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ross resigned from the RSM in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-Nye1997_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nye1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Emergency Surgical Aid Corps occupied the building during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postgraduate_Medical_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postgraduate Medical Association (page does not exist)">Postgraduate Medical Association</a> was created there.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chandos_House" title="Chandos House">Chandos House</a> was acquired in 1963 and later sold in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Renshaw2004_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renshaw2004-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chandos House"><img alt="Chandos House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg/100px-Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg/150px-Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg/201px-Chandos_House_by_C._Halliday_Wellcome_L0010993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chandos House</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, the building was redeveloped.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The library and entrance was renovated, a lecture theatre for 300 people was built, and the atrium was created.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chandos House was re-acquired in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Renshaw2004_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renshaw2004-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former building at Hanover Square was sold in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, membership included around 35,000 healthcare professionals and physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of sections by this time numbered 58 and the Society was hosting around 400 events a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance at Wimpole Street"><img alt="Entrance at Wimpole Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg/120px-RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg/180px-RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg/240px-RoyalSocMedicine2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="1702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance at Wimpole Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandos_House,_Queen_Anne_Street,_London_12_September_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chandos House"><img alt="Chandos House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG/90px-Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG/135px-Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG/180px-Chandos_House%2C_Queen_Anne_Street%2C_London_12_September_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chandos House</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heritage Centre"><img alt="Heritage Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg/90px-Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg/135px-Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg/180px-Heritage_Centre_at_RSM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heritage Centre</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_accounts">Historical accounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first history of the Society was published in 1905, at the request of Powell, 100 years after the creation of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.Pref_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.Pref-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was edited by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Norman_Moore,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Norman Moore, 1st Baronet">Norman Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Paget" title="Stephen Paget">Stephen Paget</a> and gave an account of how it was established for the "purpose of conversation on professional subjects, for the reception of communications and for the formation of a library".<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.Pref_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.Pref-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Davidson" title="Maurice Davidson">Maurice Davidson</a> wrote a second history to cover the years 1905 to 1955, first published by <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_University_Press" title="Aberdeen University Press">Aberdeen University Press</a> and later by the RSM, who also published a bicentenary account in 2002 authored by Penelope Hunting and edited mainly by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Medicine_Society" title="History of Medicine Society">Society's History Section</a> and other professional historians.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.Pref_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.Pref-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paton2002_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paton2002-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Travers" title="Martin Travers">Martin Travers</a> in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Emery2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emery2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crest is made up of three <a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">all-heal sprigs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the centre is the <a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">tau cross</a>, frequently mistaken for the <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prov2011_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prov2011-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represents healing.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On either side are the <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cosmas_and_Damian" title="Saints Cosmas and Damian">Saints Cosmas and Damian</a>, one holding a physicians medicine jar and the other a surgeon's knife.<sup id="cite_ref-Lanzetta2007_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lanzetta2007-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physician stands on the green side of the crest and the surgeon to the red.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beneath is the motto "non-est vivere sed valere vita", as passed down from the RMCS, and translated to "it is important to enjoy good health to live fully".<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library">Library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T._Bateman,_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg/220px-T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg/330px-T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg/440px-T._Bateman%2C_Delineations_of_cutaneous_diseases_Wellcome_L0025517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption>Bateman included his librarian title on the cover of his <i>Delineations of Cutaneous Diseases</i> (1817)</figcaption></figure> <p>The RSM houses the fourth largest medical library in Europe, with a holding of circa 413,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-Oswald2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oswald2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its online resources can be accessed 24-hours a day by its members.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its historical library holdings, the RSM is a member of <a href="/wiki/The_London_Museums_of_Health_%26_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Museums of Health & Medicine">The London Museums of Health & Medicine</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition of <a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Exercitatio_Anatomica_de_Motu_Cordis_et_Sanguinis_in_Animalibus" title="Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus">De Motu Cordis</a></i> was donated to the library by Osler in 1917, and the historical collections also include <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Cornelius_Celsus" title="Aulus Cornelius Celsus">Celsus's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/De_Medicina" title="De Medicina">De Medicina</a></i>, (1478) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Anglica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosa Anglica (page does not exist)">Rosa Anglica</a></i> (1495) by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaddesden" title="John of Gaddesden">John of Gaddesden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The library's origins can be traced to 1805 in the rooms at 2 Verulam Buildings, where it started with 35 books.<sup id="cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1809, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mark_Roget" title="Peter Mark Roget">Peter Mark Roget</a> took over the arrangement of the library and in 1812, then in Lincoln's Inn Fields, dermatologist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bateman_(physician)" title="Thomas Bateman (physician)">Thomas Bateman</a>, was appointed the newly created position of honorary librarian.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bateman completed the first <a href="/wiki/Library_catalogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Library catalogue">library catalogue</a> in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the move to 53 Berners Street, a formal library committee was created, which held its first meeting on 16 April 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following complaints of discomfort and cold, <a href="/wiki/Gas_lighting" title="Gas lighting">gas lighting</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Masonry_heater" title="Masonry heater">Arnott stoves</a> were acquired in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1855, the revised catalogue revealed that the library had been growing by around 500 volumes a year and now totalled 17,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An interest in historical works by 1859 led to the purchase of a glazed bookcase, and the following year it was decided to keep duplicates of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_British_and_Foreign_Medical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The British and Foreign Medical Review (page does not exist)">The British and Foreign Medical Review</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Cyclopadia_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Cyclopadia of Anatomy and Physiology (page does not exist)">The Cyclopadia of Anatomy and Physiology</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Medical_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Medical Gazette">The London Medical Gazette</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Medical_Times_and_Gazette" title="The Medical Times and Gazette">The Medical Times and Gazette</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1868, the library held around 25,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1874, it was decided that <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_%C3%89tienne_Bergeret" title="Louis François Étienne Bergeret">Bergeret's</a> book <i><a href="/wiki/The_preventive_obstacle;_or,_Conjugal_onanism" title="The preventive obstacle; or, Conjugal onanism">The preventive obstacle; or, Conjugal onanism</a></i> at first be restricted for loan and then ordered to be destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Councils minutes record that it was burned later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1879, the library housed around 31,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacAlister was appointed in 1887 and made the growth of the library the main reason for moving to the larger building at Hanover Square.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_at_1_Wimpole_Street">Library at 1 Wimpole Street</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Library at 1 Wimpole Street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1907 and 1909, the library incorporated the libraries of the other various societies that had merged with it, and it again became the focus when planning 1 Wimpole Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The books of <a href="/wiki/Albert_John_Chalmers" title="Albert John Chalmers">Albert Chalmers</a> were received in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marcus Beck Library, named for <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Beck" title="Marcus Beck">Marcus Beck</a>, was created in 1924 as an extension to the main library for the purpose of storing historical works, and was converted from the former Marcus Beck Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sakula1985_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakula1985-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roger Beck granted permission for the renovation on the agreement that it retain Marcus Beck's name.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakula1985_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakula1985-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_John_Bishop" title="William John Bishop">William John Bishop</a> joined the library as sub-librarian in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the assistance of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, around 40,000 books and journals were transferred out of London to a place in St. Albans during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wade1962_33-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wade1962-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sections">Sections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first 13 sections were formed directly from their corresponding society that had merged with the RMCS.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Admission fees were waived for these section members and they were offered a RSM membership subscription or for a third of the cost, just the membership to their section.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first to merge was the <a href="/wiki/Pathological_Society_of_London" title="Pathological Society of London">Pathological Society of London</a> which dissolved on 4 June 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean1946_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean1946-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anaesthesia">Anaesthesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anaesthesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Section of Anaesthetists of the RSM was created in 1908, when the Society of Anaesthetists, founded in 1893, joined the RMCS.<sup id="cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padfield2000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The merge would have occurred in 1907, but it took to secure fellowship of its 13 women members.<sup id="cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padfield2000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, Adrian Padfield, then the Section's president, proposed that its name was changed to the Section of Anaesthesia.<sup id="cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padfield2000-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dermatology">Dermatology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dermatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dermatology Section was created by the merger of the two founding dermatology societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One was the Dermatological Society of London, founded in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallis2017_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallis2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other was the Dermatological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The specialties for skin disease and <a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">sexually transmitted disease</a> were traditionally kept separate, although the subject matter had a significant commonality.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unpopular topic of venereology was not added to the section title, despite its many papers on <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A call to change its name to that of Dermatology and Venereology Section was never followed up.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ear,_nose_and_throat"><span id="Ear.2C_nose_and_throat"></span>Ear, nose and throat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ear, nose and throat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ear surgeon <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cumberbatch" title="Alfonso Cumberbatch">Alfonso Cumberbatch</a> insisted that <a href="/wiki/Otology" title="Otology">otology</a> (ear) be kept separate from <a href="/wiki/Rhinology" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinology">rhinology</a> (nose) and <a href="/wiki/Laryngology" title="Laryngology">laryngology</a> (throat).<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the start, in 1907, the section for the ear was kept separate to the combined section for the nose and throat, although it was not unusual for them to all collaborate and membership to both was common.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, both sections successfully petitioned for otolaryngology to be included in the medical curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diploma in otolaryngology, issued by the Royal Colleges, was shortly issued, and by 1938, the BMA specialist list recognised them as one category.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Epidemiological_Society_of_London" title="Epidemiological Society of London">Epidemiological Society of London</a></div> <p>The Section of Epidemiology traces its origin to the Epidemiological Society of London.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trimble1886_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble1886-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_medicine">History of medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: History of medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Medicine_Society" title="History of Medicine Society">History of Medicine Society</a></div> <p>A section to cover history of medicine was created in 1912, with Osler as its first president.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He turned down offers to be the president of the RSM in 1914 and in 1918, without giving any particular reason.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bliss1999_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osler felt the section to be one of his most useful achievements during his life in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss1999.11_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss1999.11-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odontology">Odontology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Odontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Odontological_Society_of_Great_Britain" title="Odontological Society of Great Britain">Odontological Society of Great Britain</a></div> <p>The Odontology Section was created directly from the <a href="/wiki/Odontological_Society_of_Great_Britain" title="Odontological Society of Great Britain">Odontological Society of Great Britain</a>, which in 1863 had formed by the merger of the Odontological Society of London and the College of Dentists of England, both of which had been founded within a day of each other in 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907 they brought to the RSM around 370 new members, 5,000 volumes on dentistry and odontology, and around £5,000 of investments.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also brought with it its entire museum of 2,900 items, later transferred to the Royal College of Surgeons.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Mummery" title="John Howard Mummery">Harold Mummery</a> became the section's first president, and in 1945 the section elected its first female president, <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Lindsay" title="Lilian Lindsay">Lilian Lindsay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthopaedics,_proctology,_and_urology"><span id="Orthopaedics.2C_proctology.2C_and_urology"></span>Orthopaedics, proctology, and urology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Orthopaedics, proctology, and urology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1913, the urologist <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hurry_Fenwick" title="Edwin Hurry Fenwick">Edwin Hurry Fenwick</a> aksed <a href="/wiki/Francis_Champneys" title="Francis Champneys">Sir Francis Champneys</a>, then the president of the RSM, to allow a section for the relatively new specialty of <a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">urology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was included as a subsection in the Section of Surgery along with proctology and orthopaedics.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, following the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, it became a full section.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appointed its first president as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Freyer" title="Peter Freyer">Peter Freyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GoddardSept2020_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoddardSept2020-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Section of Orthopaedics traced its origin to 1894, when it was called the British Society of Orthopaedics.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coloproctology Section, originally named Section of Proctology, traces its origin to December 1912 as the British Proctological Society, nine of its 15 founding members being staff of <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Hospital" title="St Mark's Hospital">St Mark's Hospital</a> included <a href="/wiki/John_Lockhart-Mummery" title="John Lockhart-Mummery">John Lockhart-Mummery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It held its first meeting in February 1913, at 1 Wimpole Street, and three months later became incorporated as a subsection of the Section of Surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A request to form a full section was made in 1921 by its president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gordon-Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gordon-Watson (page does not exist)">Sir Charles Gordon-Watson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, <a href="/wiki/George_Grey_Turner" title="George Grey Turner">George Grey Turner</a>'s address "The relationship of proctology to greater medicine" to the sub-section was used as a charter in the petition for a full section, which was granted in 1939 following Lock-Hart Mummery's petition of 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Urology Section hosts regular meetings and awards.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephenson2011_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephenson2011-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_Medal">Gold Medal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gold Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Society's Gold Medal was to at first be awarded on St Luke's day every three years for outstanding contribution to medicine; the first was received by <a href="/wiki/Almroth_Wright" title="Almroth Wright">Sir Almroth Wright</a> in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lancet1921_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet1921-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, two were awarded together, to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature1947_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature1947-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other recipients have included <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Trotter" title="Wilfred Trotter">Wilfred Trotter</a> in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature1938_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature1938-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noble laureate <a href="/wiki/Sir_Martin_John_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Martin John Evans">Sir Martin John Evans</a> in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-CardiffBio_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CardiffBio-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Walton_of_Detchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Walton of Detchant">Lord Walton of Detchant</a> in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Marmot" title="Michael Marmot">Sir Michael Marmot</a> in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Dame Sarah Gilbert</a> in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edward_Jenner_Medal">Edward Jenner Medal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Edward Jenner Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Jenner Medal">Edward Jenner Medal</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Jenner Medal">Edward Jenner Medal</a> was originally established in 1896 by the Epidemiological Society of London (1850–1907) to commemorate the centenary of Edward Jenner's discovery of a means of smallpox vaccination.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is awarded periodically by the RSM to individuals who have undertaken distinguished work in epidemiological research.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1912 the medal was awarded to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Daniel_Lawrence" title="Robert Daniel Lawrence">Robert Daniel Lawrence</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1925 to <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Copeman" title="Sydney Copeman">Sydney Copeman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Copeman_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeman-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1981 to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ellison-Cliffe">Ellison-Cliffe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ellison-Cliffe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ellison%E2%80%93Cliffe_Lecture" title="Ellison–Cliffe Lecture">Ellison–Cliffe Lecture</a></div> <p>The annual Ellison-Cliffe Travelling Fellowship of £15,000 is open to Fellows of the Royal Society of Medicine working in the UK or Ireland who are of specialist registrar or lecturer grade or equivalent or who are consultants within three years of their first consultant appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-Grants2023_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grants2023-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Society hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Ellison-Cliffe_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellison-Cliffe Lecture">Ellison-Cliffe Lecture</a> concerning the advancement of medicine, along with the associated award of a medal.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2017_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2017-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norah_Schuster_prize">Norah Schuster prize</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Norah Schuster prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Medicine_Society" title="History of Medicine Society">History of Medicine Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Norah_Schuster" title="Norah Schuster">Norah Schuster</a> prize is awarded annually to one or more essays in the history of medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.8_28-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.8-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grants2023_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grants2023-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine"><i>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></i> is published by SAGE Publishing, and is editorially independent from the Royal Society of Medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-SAGE_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAGE-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="List of presidents of the Royal Society of Medicine">List of presidents of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osler donated £500 to the building funds in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenner had not long before been awarded the MSL's <a href="/wiki/Fothergillian_gold_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fothergillian gold medal">Fothergillian gold medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The laborarotory was created in 1912 from a donation by Roger Beck of £500 to develop a research lab in his brother's name. During the First World War it was occupied by staff working in research for the War Office.<sup id="cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_of_Dermatological_Research" title="Archives of Dermatological Research">Archiv für Dermatologie and Syphilis</a></i> was created in Germany in 1869, and by 1885 there was a combined section at the Versammlung der Deutschen Naturforscher und Ärzte. In England, the two specialties remained separate until many years later. It wasn't until 1917 that the <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Dermatology_and_Syphilis" class="mw-redirect" title="British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis">British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis</a></i> was created.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The College of Dentists of England had little purpose after the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_England" title="Royal College of Surgeons of England">Royal College of Surgeons of England</a> began issuing the dental (LDS) degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelbier2005_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelbier2005-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RSM2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSM2024_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726083114/https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2024/professor-gillian-leng-cbe-vows-to-look-to-the-future-as-she-becomes-rsm-president/">"Professor Gillian Leng CBE vows to "look to the future" as she becomes RSM President"</a>. <i>www.rsm.ac.uk</i>. 31 July 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsm.ac.uk/latest-news/2024/professor-gillian-leng-cbe-vows-to-look-to-the-future-as-she-becomes-rsm-president/">the original</a> on 26 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rsm.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Professor+Gillian+Leng+CBE+vows+to+%E2%80%9Clook+to+the+future%E2%80%9D+as+she+becomes+RSM+President&rft.date=2024-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsm.ac.uk%2Flatest-news%2F2024%2Fprofessor-gillian-leng-cbe-vows-to-look-to-the-future-as-she-becomes-rsm-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2005_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hunting, P (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1743179">"The Royal Society of Medicine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_Medical_Journal" title="Postgraduate Medical Journal">Postgraduate Medical Journal</a></i>. <b>81</b> (951): 45–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fpgmj.2003.018424">10.1136/pgmj.2003.018424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1743179">1743179</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15640428">15640428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postgraduate+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=951&rft.pages=45-48&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1743179%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15640428&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fpgmj.2003.018424&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1743179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foster2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foster2016_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterSheppard2016" class="citation book cs1">Foster, J.; Sheppard, J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FpwYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA446">"Entries: 780 Royal Society of medicine"</a>. <i>British Archives: A Guide to Archive Resources in the UK</i> (4th ed.). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Springer. p. 446. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-65228-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-65228-0"><bdi>978-1-349-65228-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Entries%3A+780+Royal+Society+of+medicine&rft.btitle=British+Archives%3A+A+Guide+to+Archive+Resources+in+the+UK&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire&rft.pages=446&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-349-65228-0&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Sheppard%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFpwYDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalArchives-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NationalArchives_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624111923/https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/de419b2c-15cf-4d4e-b94b-cdcb11e54832">"Royal Society of Medicine Records"</a>. Kew, Richmond: The National Archives. 1907–1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/de419b2c-15cf-4d4e-b94b-cdcb11e54832">the original</a> on 24 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Records&rft.place=Kew%2C+Richmond&rft.pub=The+National+Archives&rft.date=1907%2F1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2Fde419b2c-15cf-4d4e-b94b-cdcb11e54832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMJ-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMJ_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230625035906/https://coursefinder.bmj.com/provider-details/128/royal-society-of-medicine/">"Courses with Royal Society of Medicine"</a>. <i>BMJ Careers Course finder</i>. British Medical Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coursefinder.bmj.com/provider-details/128/royal-society-of-medicine/">the original</a> on 25 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Careers+Course+finder&rft.atitle=Courses+with+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoursefinder.bmj.com%2Fprovider-details%2F128%2Froyal-society-of-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryan2020-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryan2020_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jackson_(surgeon)" title="Barry Jackson (surgeon)">Jackson, Barry</a> (2020). "Royal Society of Medicine". In Bryan, Charles S. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1151926858"><i>Sir William Osler: an encyclopedia</i></a>. Novato, California: Norman Publishing. pp. 707–708. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-91-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930405-91-5"><bdi>978-0-930405-91-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1151926858">1151926858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.btitle=Sir+William+Osler%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=Novato%2C+California&rft.pages=707-708&rft.pub=Norman+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1151926858&rft.isbn=978-0-930405-91-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1151926858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bliss1999-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bliss1999_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bliss1999_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBliss1999" class="citation book cs1">Bliss, Michael (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/williamosler00mich/page/343">"9. A delightful life and place"</a></span>. <i>William Osler, A lifetime in medicine</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 332–368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512346-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512346-8"><bdi>0-19-512346-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9.+A+delightful+life+and+place&rft.btitle=William+Osler%2C+A+lifetime+in+medicine&rft.pages=332-368&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-512346-8&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilliamosler00mich%2Fpage%2F343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goddard2021-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goddard2021_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard2021" class="citation journal cs1">Goddard, Jonathan Charles (November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftre.829">"Collaboration and discovery: a history of the RSM"</a>. <i>Trends in Urology & Men's Health</i>. <b>12</b> (6): 28–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftre.829">10.1002/tre.829</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2044-3730">2044-3730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Urology+%26+Men%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Collaboration+and+discovery%3A+a+history+of+the+RSM&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=28-31&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ftre.829&rft.issn=2044-3730&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Ftre.829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2002.1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.1_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). 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Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 5–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+The+founding+of+the+Medical+and+Chirurgical+Society&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=5-22&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2002.5-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.5_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). "5. The Society at Hanover Square". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFNrAAAAMAAJ"><i>The History of The Royal Society of Medicine</i></a>. Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 157–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+The+Society+at+Hanover+Square&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=157-176&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2002.App-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.App_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFNrAAAAMAAJ">"Appendix: Presidents of the Society 1805–2000"</a>. <i>The History of The Royal Society of Medicine</i>. Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 481–482. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix%3A+Presidents+of+the+Society+1805%E2%80%932000&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=481-482&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2002.2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFNrAAAAMAAJ">"2. The Medical and Chirurgical Society"</a>. <i>The History of The Royal Society of Medicine</i>. Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 23–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+The+Medical+and+Chirurgical+Society&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=23-66&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mann2012-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mann2012_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2012" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Ronald D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzTrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA470">"6. The nineteenth century"</a>. <i>Modern Drug use: An Enquiry on Historical Principles</i>. Lancaster: Springer. p. 470. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-009-5586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-009-5586-8"><bdi>978-94-009-5586-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+The+nineteenth+century&rft.btitle=Modern+Drug+use%3A+An+Enquiry+on+Historical+Principles&rft.place=Lancaster&rft.pages=470&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-009-5586-8&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Ronald+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRzTrCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papworth2014.1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papworth2014.1_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapworth2014" class="citation journal cs1">Papworth, J (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24620437/">"Odontology and the history of medicine at the Royal Society of Medicine 1907–1960 and the contributions of Lilian Lindsay--Part One. The early years of the Royal Society of Medicine and the Section of Odontology"</a>. <i>Dental Historian: Lindsay Club Newsletter</i> (59): 25–30. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24620437">24620437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dental+Historian%3A+Lindsay+Club+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Odontology+and+the+history+of+medicine+at+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine+1907%E2%80%931960+and+the+contributions+of+Lilian+Lindsay--Part+One.+The+early+years+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine+and+the+Section+of+Odontology.&rft.issue=59&rft.pages=25-30&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24620437&rft.aulast=Papworth&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24620437%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cushing-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cushing_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCushing2013" class="citation book cs1">Cushing, Harvey (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jA_vxKxF3iUC&pg=PA780">"27. The open arms"</a>. <i>The Life of Sir William Osler, Volume 2</i>. SEVERUS Verlag. p. 780. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86347-486-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86347-486-7"><bdi>978-3-86347-486-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=27.+The+open+arms&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Sir+William+Osler%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=780&rft.pub=SEVERUS+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-86347-486-7&rft.aulast=Cushing&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjA_vxKxF3iUC%26pg%3DPA780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padfield2000-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Padfield2000_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadfield2000" class="citation journal cs1">Padfield, Adrian (August 2000). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/096777200000800314">"Book Review: A Short History of the Section of Anaesthetics of the Royal Society of Medicine and the Society of Anaesthetists, with Appendices"</a></span>. <i>Journal of Medical Biography</i>. <b>8</b> (3): 186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F096777200000800314">10.1177/096777200000800314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0967-7720">0967-7720</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:208324098">208324098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Biography&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+A+Short+History+of+the+Section+of+Anaesthetics+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine+and+the+Society+of+Anaesthetists%2C+with+Appendices&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=186&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A208324098%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0967-7720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F096777200000800314&rft.aulast=Padfield&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F096777200000800314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson1990-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson1990_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1990" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, Ralph H. 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href="#cite_ref-Nye1997_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nye1997_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nye1997_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nye1997_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nye1997_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyeGibson1997" class="citation book cs1">Nye, E.; Gibson, M. 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Ten largest medical and nursing libraries"</a>. <i>Library World Records</i> (3rd ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. pp. 89–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6777-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6777-5"><bdi>978-1-4766-6777-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=74.+Ten+largest+medical+and+nursing+libraries&rft.btitle=Library+World+Records&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=89-90&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-6777-5&rft.aulast=Oswald&rft.aufirst=Godfrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ZAwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624080030/http://medicalmuseums.org/">"Medical Museums"</a>. <i>medicalmuseums.org</i>. 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I.; Satrapinskiĭ, V. Iu.; Gordeev, V. F. (5 January 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2057840">"Medical Libraries of Europe"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (4435): 22–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4435.22-a">10.1136/bmj.1.4435.22-a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2057840">2057840</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2057840">2057840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Medical+Libraries+of+Europe&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4435&rft.pages=22-23&rft.date=1946-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2057840%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2057840&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4435.22-a&rft.aulast=Pimanov&rft.aufirst=S.+I.&rft.au=Satrapinski%C4%AD%2C+V.+Iu.&rft.au=Gordeev%2C+V.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2057840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunting2002.7-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunting2002.7_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFNrAAAAMAAJ">"7. The first sections at the Society"</a>. <i>The History of The Royal Society of Medicine</i>. Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 213–300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.+The+first+sections+at+the+Society&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pages=213-300&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dean1946-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dean1946_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean1946" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, HR (October 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2182434">"The Pathological Society of London"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine</i>. <b>39</b> (12): 823–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003591574603901218">10.1177/003591574603901218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2182434">2182434</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19993415">19993415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Pathological+Society+of+London.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=823-7&rft.date=1946-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2182434%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19993415&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F003591574603901218&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=HR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2182434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallis2017-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wallis2017_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis2017" class="citation book cs1">Wallis, Jennifer (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvM-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37">"Skin"</a>. <i>Investigating the Body in the Victorian Asylum: Doctors, Patients, and Practices</i>. Springer. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56714-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-56714-3"><bdi>978-3-319-56714-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Skin&rft.btitle=Investigating+the+Body+in+the+Victorian+Asylum%3A+Doctors%2C+Patients%2C+and+Practices&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-56714-3&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvM-DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisz2006-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisz2006_40-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisz2006" class="citation book cs1">Weisz, George (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q8IoQFZB7R4C&pg=PA212">"11. Division, unification, and competition"</a>. <i>Divide and Conquer: A Comparative History of Medical Specialization</i>. 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All the youth and glory of the country"</a></span>. <i>William Osler, A lifetime in medicine</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.med-chi.co.uk&rft.atitle=People+%E2%80%93+Aberdeen+Medico-Chirurgical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.med-chi.co.uk%2Fheritage%2Fpeople%2F18-content%2Fheritage%2Fpeople.html%3Fstart%3D10%23nav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeman-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Copeman_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopeman" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Copeman, Peter W. Monckton. "Copeman, Sydney Arthur Monckton (1862–1947)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F63940">10.1093/ref:odnb/63940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Copeman%2C+Sydney+Arthur+Monckton+%281862%E2%80%931947%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F63940&rft.aulast=Copeman&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.+Monckton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAghaAgha2011" class="citation journal cs1">Agha, Riaz; Agha, Maliha (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijsu.2011.04.002">"A history of Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' hospitals from 1649 to 2009: 360 Years of innovation in science and surgery"</a>. <i>International Journal of Surgery</i>. <b>9</b> (5): 414–427. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijsu.2011.04.002">10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.04.002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-9191">1743-9191</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21530696">21530696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=A+history+of+Guy%27s%2C+King%27s+and+St.+Thomas%27+hospitals+from+1649+to+2009%3A+360+Years+of+innovation+in+science+and+surgery&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=414-427&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.issn=1743-9191&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21530696&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijsu.2011.04.002&rft.aulast=Agha&rft.aufirst=Riaz&rft.au=Agha%2C+Maliha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ijsu.2011.04.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grants2023-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grants2023_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grants2023_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pdCPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA971">"The grants register"</a>. <i>The Grants Register 2023: The Complete Guide to Postgraduate Funding Worldwide</i> (41st ed.). Springer. 2022. pp. 971–977. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-96053-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-96053-8"><bdi>978-1-349-96053-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+grants+register&rft.btitle=The+Grants+Register+2023%3A+The+Complete+Guide+to+Postgraduate+Funding+Worldwide&rft.pages=971-977&rft.edition=41st&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-349-96053-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpdCPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett2017-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barrett2017_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2017" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, Anne (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPutDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125">"Engineering"</a>. <i>Women at Imperial College; Past, Present And Future</i>. New Jersey: World Scientific. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78634-264-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78634-264-5"><bdi>978-1-78634-264-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Engineering&rft.btitle=Women+at+Imperial+College%3B+Past%2C+Present+And+Future&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78634-264-5&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOPutDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAGE-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAGE_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/content/news-do/sage-acquires-royal-society-medicine-journals">"SAGE acquires Royal Society of Medicine journals"</a>. Wiley Analytical Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAGE+acquires+Royal+Society+of+Medicine+journals&rft.pub=Wiley+Analytical+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanalyticalscience.wiley.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews-do%2Fsage-acquires-royal-society-medicine-journals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/hsnxs2w3/items?canvas=16"><i>Centenary, 1805–1905, Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_University_Press" title="Aberdeen University Press">Aberdeen University Press</a>. 1906.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centenary%2C+1805%E2%80%931905%2C+Royal+Medical+and+Chirurgical+Society+of+London&rft.pub=Aberdeen+University+Press&rft.date=1906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwellcomecollection.org%2Fworks%2Fhsnxs2w3%2Fitems%3Fcanvas%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span> (Written at the request of the President and Council by Dr. Norman Moore and Stephen Paget)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1955" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Maurice (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/k3vm9w9d"><i>Royal Society of Medicine: the realization of an ideal (1805–1955)</i></a>. Ipswich: Royal Society of Medicine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+of+Medicine%3A+the+realization+of+an+ideal+%281805%E2%80%931955%29&rft.place=Ipswich&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwellcomecollection.org%2Fworks%2Fk3vm9w9d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2002" class="citation book cs1">Hunting, Penelope (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFNrAAAAMAAJ"><i>The History of The Royal Society of Medicine</i></a>. Royal Society of Medicine Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85315-497-0"><bdi>1-85315-497-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Medicine+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85315-497-0&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFNrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Society+of+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_Medicine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3446034#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000040427632X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156773049">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/3405-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80051306">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123405961">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123405961">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royal society of medicine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV109003">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36285382">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royal Society of Medicine (Velká Británie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20040146752&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX106193">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90073857">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000371320&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812405066005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007570073805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01815112?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500219541">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">ISIL</a>: GB-UkLRSM</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032361513">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gentlemen&#039;s_clubs_in_London,_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Template:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Template talk:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gentlemen's clubs in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gentlemen&#039;s_clubs_in_London,_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_gentlemen%27s_clubs_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gentlemen's clubs in London">Gentlemen's clubs</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Grouped by societal associations, ordered by seniority</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionists</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tory" title="Tory">Tories</a>,<br />and/or<br /><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conser-<br />vatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White%27s" title="White's">White's</a> 1693–present <i>(No longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boodle%27s" title="Boodle's">Boodle's</a> 1762–present <i>(No longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club" title="Carlton Club">Carlton Club</a> 1832–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocoa-Tree_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocoa-Tree Club (page does not exist)">Cocoa-Tree Club</a> 18th century – 1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Club" title="Conservative Club">Conservative Club</a> 1841–1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Carlton_Club" title="Junior Carlton Club">Junior Carlton Club</a> 1866–1977</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Carlton Club (page does not exist)">City Carlton Club</a> 1868 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield_Club" title="Beaconsfield Club">Beaconsfield Club</a> 1880–1887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Club" title="Palace Club">Palace Club</a> 1882–1900s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Club" title="Constitutional Club">Constitutional Club</a> 1883–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Club" title="Unionist Club">Unionist Club</a> 1886–1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Club" title="National Conservative Club">National Conservative Club</a> 1886–1890s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose_Club" title="Primrose Club">Primrose Club</a> 1886–1910s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Constitutional_Club" title="Junior Constitutional Club">Junior Constitutional Club</a> 1887 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(club)" title="National Union (club)">National Union</a> 1887–1890s</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Conservative_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Conservative Club (page does not exist)">Junior Conservative Club</a> 1889 – Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Carlton Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Carlton Club</a> Late 19th/early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Imperial_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Imperial Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Imperial Club</a> Early 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Club" title="St Stephen's Club">St Stephen's Club</a> 1870–2013</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> and/<br />or <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%27s" title="Brooks's">Brooks's</a> 1764–present <i>(no longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club" title="Reform Club">Reform Club</a> 1836–present <i>(no longer politically aligned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a> 1882–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Club" title="Devonshire Club">Devonshire Club</a> 1874–1976 <i>(merged with the apolitical <a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Liberal_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Liberal Club (page does not exist)">City Liberal Club</a> 1874–20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Club" title="Eighty Club">Eighty Club</a> 1880–1900s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Club" title="1920 Club">1920 Club</a> 1920–1923</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British<br />Armed<br />Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a> 1537–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_and_Guards_Club" title="Cavalry and Guards Club">Cavalry and Guards Club</a> 1810/1890/1976–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Club" title="Oriental Club">Oriental Club</a> 1824–present <i>(no longer has any formal military connections)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_and_Navy_Club" title="Army and Navy Club">Army and Navy Club</a> 1838–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> 1849–present <i>(no longer has any formal military connections)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Naval and Military Club">Naval and Military Club</a> 1862–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Club" title="Royal Air Force Club">Royal Air Force Club</a> 1917–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Club" title="Special Forces Club">Special Forces Club</a> 1946–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Services_Club" title="Victory Services Club">Victory Services Club</a> 1948–present (current form)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards%27_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Guards' Club">Guards' Club</a> 1810–1976 <i>(now the <b>Cavalry and Guards Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Service_Club" title="United Service Club">United Service Club</a> 1815–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Junior Naval and Military Club">Junior Naval and Military Club</a> 1870–1879</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Club" title="Cavalry Club">Cavalry Club</a> 1890–1976 <i>(now the <b>Cavalry and Guards Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Club" title="Naval Club">Naval Club</a> 1919–2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Services_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Services Club">Imperial Services Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Army_and_Navy_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Army and Navy Club (page does not exist)">Junior Army and Navy Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_United_Service_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior United Service Club (page does not exist)">Junior United Service Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Army_and_Navy_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Army and Navy Club (page does not exist)">Ladies' Army and Navy Club</a> (late 19th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educa-<br />tional<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club" title="Oxford and Cambridge Club">Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> 1830–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> 1849–present <i> (Incorporating the former <b>Public Schools Club</b>, which now makes up most of its membership)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Women%27s_Club" title="University Women's Club">University Women's Club</a> 1887–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_University_Club" title="United University Club">United University Club</a> 1821–1971 <i> (Merged with the <b>Oxford and Cambridge Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club" title="Oxford and Cambridge Club">New University Club</a> 1864–1938 <i> (Merged with the <b>United University Club</b>)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eton_and_Harrow_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eton and Harrow Club (page does not exist)">Eton and Harrow Club</a> 1873 – 20th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior Oxford and Cambridge Club (page does not exist)">Junior Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> Late 19th century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Oxford_and_Cambridge_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Oxford and Cambridge Club (page does not exist)">New Oxford and Cambridge Club</a> Late 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Schools_Club" title="Public Schools Club">Public Schools Club</a> 1920–1972 <i>(Merged with the <b>East India Club</b>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Club,_London" title="Athenaeum Club, London">The Athenaeum</a> (1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick_Club" title="Garrick Club">Garrick Club</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Club" title="Savage Club">Savage Club</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_Club" title="The Arts Club">The Arts Club</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Club" title="Savile Club">Savile Club</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Arts_Club" title="Chelsea Arts Club">Chelsea Arts Club</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Sketch_Club" title="London Sketch Club">London Sketch Club</a> (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Club" title="Hogarth Club">Hogarth Club</a> (1858–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Athenaeum" title="Junior Athenaeum">Junior Athenaeum</a> (1864–1930s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Fine_Arts_Club" title="Burlington Fine Arts Club">Burlington Fine Arts Club</a> (1866–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Room_Club" title="Green Room Club">Green Room Club</a> (1877–2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of<br />London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London_Club" title="City of London Club">City of London Club</a> (1832–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_University_Club" title="City University Club">City University Club</a> (1895–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Livery_Club" title="City Livery Club">City Livery Club</a> (1914–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gresham_Club" title="Gresham Club">Gresham Club</a> (1843–1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_City_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New City Club (page does not exist)">New City Club</a> (1862–1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Carlton_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Carlton Club (page does not exist)">City Carlton Club</a> (1868–1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Liberal_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Liberal Club (page does not exist)">City Liberal Club</a> (1874–1928)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />connections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Club" title="Caledonian Club">Caledonian Club</a> (1891–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_Club" title="Canning Club">Canning Club</a> (formerly the Argentine Club; 1910–present)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Club (page does not exist)">Danish Club</a> (1863–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Norske_Klub" title="Den Norske Klub">Den Norske Klub</a> (1887–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Club" title="East India Club">East India Club</a> (1849–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Club" title="Oriental Club">Oriental Club</a> (1824–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Hearth_Club" title="Polish Hearth Club">Polish Hearth Club</a> (1939–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League" title="Royal Over-Seas League">Royal Over-Seas League</a> (1910–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Club,_London" title="American Club, London">American Club</a> (1919–1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Belgian_Club" title="Anglo-Belgian Club">Anglo-Belgian Club</a> (1942–2012)</li> <li>Irish Club (1950–2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandinavian_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandinavian Club (page does not exist)">Scandinavian Club</a> (late 19th century)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Club (page does not exist)">Scottish Club</a> (late 19th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/16px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/24px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/9px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/14px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/19px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img 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