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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F110215338%2FUncovering_print_and_digital_literacies_what_matters_to_undergraduates_Zuriani_Yaacob_et_al_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":108100747,"identifier":"Attachment_108100747","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":110215338,"created_at":"2023-11-30T07:54:39.046-08:00","from_world_paper_id":244417681,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T03:08:30.610-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Reading has always been considered a crucial contributing factor in human advancement which is at the same time affecting one's intellectual and emotional growth. However in Malaysia, reading culture has seemingly not significantly changed as it was observed in the study of Pandian (2000) that only 20% are 'regular readers' and the rest of Malaysian populations are 'reluctant readers'. It was also found that when they were preparing for examinations, only then they spent time reading various materials. Nevertheless, with rapid development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) taking place, it has impacted education system centred particularly on reading exercise. This is established by Hooper \u0026 Herath (2014) that reading habit has been affected by the technology which has changed the pattern of brain absorption of information. However, adolescents are reported devoting much more time reading digital resources and spending extra time to skim, download and browse information on the Internet (Liu, 2005). Therefore, current study aimed primarily at comparing reading habit percentage between print and screen-based of the respondents as well as investigating relationship between numbers and types of print-based materials. Quantitative data were collected and a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. A total of 61 diploma students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Malaysia were chosen and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyse their views. The results revealed students' preferences in using traditional paper materials and how ICT has presented possibilities in encouraging students' reading habits to develop. It is anticipated that future researches in the area will benefit from the findings and suggestions provided in this study.","publication_date":"2017,12,1","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"108100747"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Uncovering print and digital literacies: what matters to undergraduates / Zuriani Yaacob... [et al.]","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33481927]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":108100747,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Uncovering print and digital literacies: what matters to undergraduates / Zuriani Yaacob... 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[et al.]</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33481927" href="https://uitm.academia.edu/SuriyatiUjang"><img alt="Profile image of Suriyati Ujang" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Suriyati Ujang</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":108100747,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110215338/Uncovering_print_and_digital_literacies_what_matters_to_undergraduates_Zuriani_Yaacob_et_al_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37548747/Impact_of_ICT_on_Reading_Habits_of_Students_A_Survey">Impact of ICT on Reading Habits of Students: A Survey</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5631407" href="https://tumkuruniversity.academia.edu/KumaraB">Dr. Kumara B.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the impact of ICT on the reading habits of the students of Tumkur University. 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It is also necessary to conduct more ICT based learning programmes to the students.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of ICT on Reading Habits of Students: A Survey","attachmentId":57524052,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37548747/Impact_of_ICT_on_Reading_Habits_of_Students_A_Survey","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37548747/Impact_of_ICT_on_Reading_Habits_of_Students_A_Survey"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="71460507" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71460507/READING_HABITS_AND_ATTITUDE_IN_DIGITAL_AGE_A_STUDY_OF_INDONESIAN_COLLEGE_STUDENTS">READING HABITS AND ATTITUDE IN DIGITAL AGE: A STUDY OF INDONESIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66765197" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkhmadZakky3">Akhmad Zakky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In recent years, more focus has been put on the role of students in the language learning process, provided that language learning is predominantly a learning practice. The wishes and desires of students should also be taken into account in order to ensure successful language learning and teaching. Reading can be found in a major field where the interests of students affect their learning. In any formal or higher learning background, reading is viewed as the most important academic language skills for both second-and foreign-language students. It is by reading that these students learn new knowledge and become capable of synthesizing, analyzing and understanding in order to learn more about their subject matter. Effective reading is necessary for the progress of the learning of a foreign language. Students could read a wide variety of textbooks and associated content at the tertiary level. The lack of sufficient reading habit is also bound to obstruct students’ development towards mastery of a foreign language. The aim of this paper was to examine the reading habits of students, to see what reading benefits can offer to an attitude of individual, and to explore the effect of time on reading on the screen. Through a comprehensive analysis of available literature as well as a mixed-method approach, the researchers surveyed 59 students and was able to better understand reading in our current “digital age”. This research concluded that reading is indeed useful, that it is on the decline, and that time on the screen is on the rise. In addition, this research has found trends that can help educators to embrace this growing imbalance, such as establishing screen-time limits, developing a so-called “book-consciousness” in the classroom, and promoting access to the online library and a more varied collection for students to pick books from. Keywords: Reading habits, Indonesian college students, Reading habits and attitude, Digital Age.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"READING HABITS AND ATTITUDE IN DIGITAL AGE: A STUDY OF INDONESIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS","attachmentId":80792677,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71460507/READING_HABITS_AND_ATTITUDE_IN_DIGITAL_AGE_A_STUDY_OF_INDONESIAN_COLLEGE_STUDENTS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71460507/READING_HABITS_AND_ATTITUDE_IN_DIGITAL_AGE_A_STUDY_OF_INDONESIAN_COLLEGE_STUDENTS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="101215818" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101215818/Factors_Influencing_Digital_Reading_Behaviour_of_Students">Factors Influencing Digital Reading Behaviour of Students</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="185720821" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedHaneefa4">Mohamed Haneefa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The main aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing digital reading behavior of students. A survey with stratified random sample of 588 postgraduate students from the teaching departments of the universities in Kerala was used to conduct the study. The analysis revealed that majority of the students opined that with the availability of laptop, mobile phone and the Internet, their digital reading increases. There exists significant gender difference in the opinion of the students about the features like save, download, search, find and bookmark that helped them to read digitally. About half of the students mentioned that the factors like font size, text layout, type face and background colour are highly influencing while reading digitally. The students also responded that digital reading increases their selective reading, superficial reading, interactive reading, and decreases their in-depth reading, concentrated reading and sustained attention. Male students have signif...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factors Influencing Digital Reading Behaviour of Students","attachmentId":101817309,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101215818/Factors_Influencing_Digital_Reading_Behaviour_of_Students","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101215818/Factors_Influencing_Digital_Reading_Behaviour_of_Students"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="44877877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44877877/Digital_Age_and_Reading_habits_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistani_Engineering_University">Digital Age and Reading habits Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Engineering University</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52865506" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/Ahdihassan">Ahdi Hassan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">TESOL International Journal, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The development of technology has transformed the lifestyle of the people at the global level. With technological development, the social networking sites and apps have also developed a lot. That has brought a significant transformation in the methods of communication. Various studies have been conducted to identify their impacts on the reading habits of the individuals/ students. The study aimed to explore the application of the technology and social networking sites by the students of Pakistan. This study adopted a mixed- methods research approach. The data was collected from the first-year undergraduate students of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan. For the quantitative analysis, the descriptive statistics were applied including 366 students (male and female), 281 were male students and 85 female students. The qualitative data was conducted with 20 students and the responses were examined through content analysis. The findings revealed that the majority of students had prior access to smartphones than desktops, laptops and tablets. However, some students had no internet experience. For academic reading, most of the students preferred electronic books and there was no preference of formats for leisure reading. Most of the students use Social Networking sites for fun. Additionally, the findings also suggested the problems faced by the students related to searching online reading TESOL International Journal Volume 16 Issue 1 2021 TESOL International Journal Volume 16 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2094-3938 materials due to lack of technical skills. The findings of this study may help to understand the students’ reading habits and preferences in terms of using technology. Thus, blended teaching methods should be implemented by the teachers and encouraged students to use technology for their reading purposes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Digital Age and Reading habits Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Engineering University","attachmentId":65391645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44877877/Digital_Age_and_Reading_habits_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistani_Engineering_University","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44877877/Digital_Age_and_Reading_habits_Empirical_Evidence_from_Pakistani_Engineering_University"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="112476484" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112476484/Investigating_EFL_Students_Reading_Preferences_Digital_or_Printed_">Investigating EFL Students Reading Preferences (Digital or Printed)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61542358" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LarasatiFinza">Finza Larasati</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Education Research and Development</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Reading is crucial to the process of learning a language. Students can use digital technology to support reading activities in today&#39;s modern culture. As a result of students&#39; need for information in the digital age, digital text is now virtually everywhere. This study investigated EFL students reading preferences (digital or printed). The participants of this study were 102 EFL students from private universities in South Sumatera. The data was collected through 20 items of questionnaire distributed through google form. Based on the result of the study, it could be concluded that first, most participants enjoy reading. They read for a variety of purposes, including to get the knowledge, to get information, to get the entertainment, and for other purposes. The second, the participants prefer reading digital texts. The practicality of the digital texts is the primary motivating factor why they chose it. They acknowledged that they do not need to hold thick texts or books whil...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigating EFL Students Reading Preferences (Digital or Printed)","attachmentId":109695168,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112476484/Investigating_EFL_Students_Reading_Preferences_Digital_or_Printed_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112476484/Investigating_EFL_Students_Reading_Preferences_Digital_or_Printed_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="87755056" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87755056/The_Use_of_Digital_Reading_Among_Students_of_English_Language_Education_Department_of_University_of_Muhammadiyah_Malang">The Use of Digital Reading Among Students of English Language Education Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="236239968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RChristianisa">Retania Christianisa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Use of Digital Reading Among Students of English Language Education Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang","attachmentId":91881097,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87755056/The_Use_of_Digital_Reading_Among_Students_of_English_Language_Education_Department_of_University_of_Muhammadiyah_Malang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87755056/The_Use_of_Digital_Reading_Among_Students_of_English_Language_Education_Department_of_University_of_Muhammadiyah_Malang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="12019003" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12019003/Reading_Habits_of_Malaysian_Students_Beyond_Classrooms">Reading Habits of Malaysian Students Beyond Classrooms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29938116" href="https://gju-jo.academia.edu/DrTorstenSchaar">Dr. Torsten Schaar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies on Foreign Languages and Cultures. Volume 2. UPM Press, 114-138, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reading Habits of Malaysian Students Beyond Classrooms","attachmentId":37354504,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12019003/Reading_Habits_of_Malaysian_Students_Beyond_Classrooms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12019003/Reading_Habits_of_Malaysian_Students_Beyond_Classrooms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="113098924" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113098924/Indonesian_EFL_Learners_Digital_Reading_Habits">Indonesian EFL Learners’ Digital Reading Habits</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="387603" href="https://uki.academia.edu/ParlinPardede">Parlindungan Pardede</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of English Education and Teaching</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Reading has long been one of the most crucial skills individuals should master to function effectively in society. Due to the revolutionary penetration of information and communication technology (ICT) into almost all aspects of human life, reading has transformed from paper-based to screen-based. Thus, facilitating students to cultivate digital reading should be one of the educational priorities. This study aims at exploring the digital reading habits of students majoring in English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesian context. Employing a mixed-methods design, quantitative and qualitative data were collected using an online questionnaire including close-ended and open-ended questions from 79 students of the English Language Education Study Program of Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta. The results show that a majority of the participants prefer to read in English in digital reading mode due to several reasons. Their most favorable tool for reading is smartphones. Addition...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Indonesian EFL Learners’ Digital Reading Habits","attachmentId":110148894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113098924/Indonesian_EFL_Learners_Digital_Reading_Habits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113098924/Indonesian_EFL_Learners_Digital_Reading_Habits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108100747,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108100747,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_108100747" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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