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gases emissions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: greenhouse gases emissions"> <meta name="keywords" content="greenhouse gases emissions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="greenhouse gases emissions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2142</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: greenhouse gases emissions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2142</span> Effect of Substrate Type on Pollutant Removal and Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20E.%20Hernnadez">Maria E. Hernnadez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Ramos"> Elizabeth Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Ortiz"> Claudia Ortiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pollutant removal (N-NH4, COD, S-SO4, N-NO3 and P-PO4) and greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) emissions were investigated in constructed wetlands CW mesocosms with four types of substrate (gravel (G) zeolite (Z), Gravel+Plastic (GP) and zeolite+plastic), all planted with the ornamental plant lily (Lilium sp). Significantly higher N-NH4 removal was found in the CW-Z (97%) and CW-ZP (85%) compared with CW-G (61%) and CW-GP (17%), also significantly lower emissions of nitrous oxide were found in CW-Z (2.2 µgm-2min-1) and CW-ZP (2.5 µgm-2min-1) compared with CW-G(7.4 µgm-2min-1 ) and CW-GP (6.30 µgm-2min-1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title="methane">methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrous%20oxide" title=" nitrous oxide"> nitrous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lily" title=" lily"> lily</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47510/effect-of-substrate-type-on-pollutant-removal-and-greenhouse-gases-emissions-in-constructed-wetlands-with-ornamental-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2141</span> Reducing Greenhouse Gass Emissions by Recyclable Material Bank Project of Universities in Central Region of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronbanchob%20Apiratikul">Ronbanchob Apiratikul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research studied recycled waste by the Recyclable Material Bank Project of 4 universities in the central region of Thailand for the evaluation of reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared with landfilling activity during July 2012 to June 2013. The results showed that the projects collected total amount of recyclable wastes of about 911,984.80 kilograms. Office paper had the largest amount among these recycled wastes (50.68% of total recycled waste). Groups of recycled waste can be prioritized from high to low according to their amount as paper, plastic, glass, mixed recyclables, and metal, respectively. The project reduced greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to about 2814.969 metric tons of carbon dioxide. The most significant recycled waste that affects the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is office paper which is 70.16% of total reduced greenhouse gasses emission. According to amount of reduced greenhouse gasses emission, groups of recycled waste can be prioritized from high to low significances as paper, plastic, metals, mixed recyclables, and glass, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title="recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garbage%20bank" title=" garbage bank"> garbage bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recyclable%20wastes" title=" recyclable wastes"> recyclable wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10657/reducing-greenhouse-gass-emissions-by-recyclable-material-bank-project-of-universities-in-central-region-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2140</span> Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sugarcane Plantation Soil in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilaiwan%20Sornpoon">Wilaiwan Sornpoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A9bastien%20Bonnet"> Sébastien Bonnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitri%20Garivait"> Savitri Garivait</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continuous measurements of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted from soils are required to understand diurnal and seasonal variations in soil emissions and related mechanism. This understanding plays an important role in appropriate quantification and assessment of the overall change in soil carbon flow and budget. This study proposes to monitor GHGs emissions from soil under sugarcane cultivation in Thailand. The measurements were conducted over 379 days. The results showed that the total net amount of GHGs emitted from sugarcane plantation soil amounts to 36 Mg CO2eq ha-1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were found to be the main contributors to the emissions. For methane (CH4), the net emission was found to be almost zero. The measurement results also confirmed that soil moisture content and GHGs emissions are positively correlated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emission" title=" GHG emission"> GHG emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane" title=" sugarcane"> sugarcane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1427/measurement-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-sugarcane-plantation-soil-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2139</span> Energy Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Pakistan: A Decomposition Analysis Using LMDI </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsalan%20Khan">Arsalan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Jamil"> Faisal Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unprecedented increase in anthropogenic gases in recent decades has led to climatic changes worldwide. CO2 emissions are the most important factors responsible for greenhouse gases concentrations. This study decomposes the changes in overall CO2 emissions in Pakistan for the period 1990-2012 using Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI). LMDI enables to decompose the changes in CO2 emissions into five factors namely; activity effect, structural effect, intensity effect, fuel-mix effect, and emissions factor effect. This paper confirms an upward trend of overall emissions level of the country during the period. The study finds that activity effect, structural effect and intensity effect are the three major factors responsible for the changes in overall CO2 emissions in Pakistan with activity effect as the largest contributor to overall changes in the emissions level. The structural effect is also adding to CO2 emissions, which indicates that the economic activity is shifting towards more energy-intensive sectors. However, intensity effect has negative sign representing energy efficiency gains, which indicate a good relationship between the economy and environment. The findings suggest that policy makers should encourage the diversification of the output level towards more energy efficient sub-sectors of the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20analysis" title=" decomposition analysis"> decomposition analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMDI" title=" LMDI"> LMDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20effect" title=" intensity effect "> intensity effect </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40962/energy-related-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-pakistan-a-decomposition-analysis-using-lmdi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2138</span> Marine Fishing and Climate Change: A China’s Perspective on Fisheries Economic Development and Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yidan%20Xu">Yidan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pim%20Martens"> Pim Martens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Krafft"> Thomas Krafft</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine fishing, an energy-intensive activity, directly emits greenhouse gases through fuel combustion, making it a significant contributor to oceanic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and worsening climate change. China is the world’s second-largest economy and the top emitter of GHG emissions, and it carries a significant energy conservation and emission reduction burden. However, the increasing GHG emissions from marine fishing is an easily overlooked but essential issue in China. This study offers a diverse perspective by integrating the concepts of total carbon emissions, carbon intensity, and per capita carbon emissions as indicators into calculation and discussion. To better understand the GHG emissions-Gross marine fishery product (GFP) relationship and influencing factors in Chinese marine fishing, the relationship between GHG emissions and economic development in marine fishing, a comprehensive framework is developed by combining the environmental Kuznets curve, the Tapio elasticity index, and the decomposition model. Results indicated that (1) The GHG emissions increased from 16.479 to 18.601 million tons in 2001-2020, in which trawlers and gillnetter are the main source in fishing operation. (2) Total carbon emissions (TC) and CI presented the same decline as GHG emissions, while per capita carbon emissions (PC) displayed an uptrend. (32) GHG emissions and gross marine fishery product (GFP) presented an inverted U-shaped relationship in China; the turning point came in the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020). (43) Most provinces strongly decoupled GFP and CI. Still, PC and TC need more effort to decouple. (54) GHG emissions promoted by an industry structure driven, though carbon intensity and industry scale aid in GHG emissions reduced. (5) Compare with TC and PC, CI has been relatively affected by COVID-19 in 2020. The rise in fish and seafood prices during COVID-19 has boosted the GFP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fishing%20economy" title="marine fishing economy">marine fishing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title=" greenhouse gas emission"> greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishery%20management" title=" fishery management"> fishery management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20development" title=" green development"> green development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172786/marine-fishing-and-climate-change-a-chinas-perspective-on-fisheries-economic-development-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2137</span> Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Tropical Eutrophic Freshwater Wetland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20P.%20Silva">Juan P. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20R.%20Canchala"> T. R. Canchala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Lubberding"> H. J. Lubberding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20J.%20Pe%C3%B1a"> E. J. Peña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Gijzen"> H. J. Gijzen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study measured the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) i.e. CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from a tropical eutrophic freshwater wetland (“Sonso Lagoon”) which receives input loading nutrient from several sources i.e. agricultural run-off, domestic sewage, and a polluted river. The flux measurements were carried out at four different points using the static chamber technique. CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes ranged from -8270 to 12210 mg.m<sup>-2</sup>.d<sup>-1</sup> (median = 360; SD = 4.11; n = 50), CH<sub>4</sub> ranged between 0.2 and 5270 mg.m<sup>-2</sup>.d<sup>-1</sup> (median = 60; SD = 1.27; n = 45), and N<sub>2</sub>O ranged from -31.12 to 15.4 mg N<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>-2</sup>.d<sup>-1</sup> (median = 0.05; SD = 9.36; n = 42). Although some negative fluxes were observed in the zone dominated by floating plants i.e. <em>Eichornia crassipes, Salvinia </em>sp<em>.</em>, and <em>Pistia stratiotes </em>L., the mean values indicated that the Sonso Lagoon was a net source of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O. In addition, an effect of the eutrophication on GHG emissions could be observed in the positive correlation found between CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O generation and COD, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-3</sup>, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TN and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>N. The eutrophication impact on GHG production highlights the necessity to limit the anthropic activities on freshwater wetlands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutrophication" title="eutrophication">eutrophication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title=" greenhouse gas emissions"> greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater%20wetlands" title=" freshwater wetlands"> freshwater wetlands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43499/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-a-tropical-eutrophic-freshwater-wetland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2136</span> Analysis on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential by Deploying the Green Cars in Korean Road Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjun%20Hong">Sungjun Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanghon%20Chung"> Yanghon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyunbae%20Park"> Nyunbae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangyong%20Park"> Sangyong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Korea, as the 7th largest greenhouse gas emitting country in 2011, announced that the national reduction target of greenhouse gas emissions was 30% based on BAU (Business As Usual) by 2020. And the reduction rate of the transport sector is 34.3% which is the highest figure among all sectors. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental effect on deploying the green cars in Korean road transport sector. In order to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions, the LEAP model is applied in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20car" title="green car">green car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAP%20model" title=" LEAP model"> LEAP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector" title=" road transport sector"> road transport sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570/analysis-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-potential-by-deploying-the-green-cars-in-korean-road-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2135</span> Analysis of Pavement Lifespan - Cost and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases: A Comparative Study of 10-year vs 30-year Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudeny%20Simone%20Alves%20Santana">Claudeny Simone Alves Santana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Simas%20De%20Medeiros"> Alexandre Simas De Medeiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelino%20Aur%C3%A9lio%20Vieira%20Da%20Silva"> Marcelino Aurélio Vieira Da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study was to assess the performance of pavements over time, considering the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the ability to withstand vehicle loads and associated environmental impacts. Within the study boundary, pavement design was conducted using the Mechanistic-Empirical Method, adopting criteria based on pavement cracking and wheel path rutting while also considering factors such as soil characteristics, material thickness, and the distribution of forces exerted by vehicles. The Ecoinvent® 3.6 database and SimaPro® software were employed to calculate emissions, and SICRO 3 information was used to estimate costs. Consequently, the study sought to identify the service that had the greatest impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The results were compared for design life periods of 10 and 30 years, considering structural performance and load-bearing capacity. Additionally, environmental impacts in terms of CO2 emissions per standard axle and construction costs in dollars per standard axle were analyzed. Based on the conducted analyses, it was possible to determine which pavement exhibited superior performance over time, considering technical, environmental, and economic criteria. One of the findings indicated that the mechanical characteristics of the soils used in the pavement layer directly influence the thickness of the pavement and the quantity of greenhouse gases, with a difference of approximately 7000 Kg CO2 Eq. The transportation service was identified as having the most significant negative impact. Other notable observations are that the study can contribute to future project guidelines and assist in decision-making regarding the selection of the most suitable pavement in terms of durability, load-bearing capacity, and sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20paving" title=" urban paving"> urban paving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20cost" title=" service cost"> service cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174892/analysis-of-pavement-lifespan-cost-and-emissions-of-greenhouse-gases-a-comparative-study-of-10-year-vs-30-year-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2134</span> Sustainable Electricity Generation Mix for Kenya from 2015 to 2035</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Maina">Alex Maina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mwenda%20Makathimo"> Mwenda Makathimo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adwek%20George"> Adwek George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Opiyo"> Charles Opiyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research entails the simulation of three possible power scenarios for Kenya from 2015 to 2035 using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). These scenarios represent the unfolding future electricity generation that will fully satisfy the demand while considering the following: energy security, power generation cost and impacts on the environment. These scenarios are Reference Scenario (RS), Nuclear Scenario (NS) and More Renewable Scenario (MRS). The findings obtained reveals that the most sustainable scenario while comparing the costs was found to be the coal scenario with a Net Present Value (NPV) of $30,052.67 million though it has the highest Green House Gases (GHGs) emissions. However, the More Renewable Scenario (MRS) had the least GHGs emissions but was found to be a most expensive scenario to implement with an NPV of $30,733.07 million. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20security" title="energy security">energy security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya" title=" Kenya"> Kenya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20emissions%20analysis%20platform" title=" low emissions analysis platform"> low emissions analysis platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net-present%20value" title=" net-present value"> net-present value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167494/sustainable-electricity-generation-mix-for-kenya-from-2015-to-2035" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2133</span> Influence of Digestate Fertilization on Soil Microbial Activity, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Doyeni">M. Doyeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Suproniene"> S. Suproniene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Tilvikiene"> V. Tilvikiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural wastes contribute significantly to global climate change through greenhouse gas emissions if not adequately recycled and sustainably managed. A recurring agricultural waste is livestock wastes that have consistently served as feedstock for biogas systems. The objective of this study was to access the influence of digestate fertilization on soil microbial activity and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural fields. Wheat (Triticum spp. L.) was fertilized with different types of animal wastes digestates (organic fertilizers) and mineral nitrogen (inorganic fertilizer) for three years. The 170 kg N ha⁻¹ presented in digestates were split fertilized at an application rate of 90 and 80 kg N ha⁻¹. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted significantly using the dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial biomass carbon. By combining the two different monitoring approaches, the different methods applied in this study were sensitive to enzymatic activities and organic carbon in the living component of the soil organic matter. The emissions of greenhouse gasses (carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were monitored directly by a static chamber system. The soil and environmental variables were measured to determine their influence on greenhouse gas emissions. Emission peaks was observed in N₂O and CO₂ after the first application of fertilizers with the emissions flattening out over the cultivating season while CH₄ emission was negligible with no apparent patterns observed. Microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity were affected by the fertilized organic digestates. A significant difference was recorded between the control and the digestate treated soils for the microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase. Results also showed individual and cumulative emissions of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from the digestates were relatively low suggesting the digestate fertilization can be an efficient method for improving soil quality and reducing greenhouse gases from agricultural sources in temperate climate conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title="greenhouse gas emission">greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manure%20digestate" title=" manure digestate"> manure digestate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20microbial%20activity" title=" soil microbial activity"> soil microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135154/influence-of-digestate-fertilization-on-soil-microbial-activity-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2132</span> Modeling Heat-Related Mortality Based on Greenhouse Emissions in OECD Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Ngowa%20Chembe">Anderson Ngowa Chembe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Olukuru"> John Olukuru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse emissions by human activities are known to irreversibly increase global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This study seeks to propose a mortality model with sensitivity to heat-change effects as one of the underlying parameters in the model. As such, the study sought to establish the relationship between greenhouse emissions and mortality indices in five OECD countries (USA, UK, Japan, Canada & Germany). Upon the establishment of the relationship using correlation analysis, an additional parameter that accounts for the sensitivity of heat-changes to mortality rates was incorporated in the Lee-Carter model. Based on the proposed model, new parameter estimates were calculated using iterative algorithms for optimization. Finally, the goodness of fit for the original Lee-Carter model and the proposed model were compared using deviance comparison. The proposed model provides a better fit to mortality rates especially in USA, UK and Germany where the mortality indices have a strong positive correlation with the level of greenhouse emissions. The results of this study are of particular importance to actuaries, demographers and climate-risk experts who seek to use better mortality-modeling techniques in the wake of heat effects caused by increased greenhouse emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20risk" title="climate risk">climate risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20emissions" title=" greenhouse emissions"> greenhouse emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee-Carter%20model" title=" Lee-Carter model"> Lee-Carter model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD" title=" OECD"> OECD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59701/modeling-heat-related-mortality-based-on-greenhouse-emissions-in-oecd-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2131</span> Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by Promoting Renewable Energy in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sahnoune">F. Sahnoune</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study focuses on the analysis of the Algerian greenhouse gase emissions. In Algeria, as in other countries, the issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change is the subject of great concern. As climate change is a global problem and taking into consideration the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' as mentioned in the Rio Declaration in 1992, Algeria has initiated a broad program of voluntary reduction of GHG emissions and climate change adaptation. Thus although the contribution of Algeria on global warming is minimal (less than 0.5% of global GHG emissions), the country is, because its geographical position and climatic characteristics, very vulnerable and should integrate mitigation and adaptation into its development policy. Even a small rise in temperature would lead to various socio-economic problems that hinder the development of the country. The models predict that rainfall events are less frequent but more intense, while droughts are more common and longer. The decrease of water resources, declining agricultural yields, encroaching desert, the challenge of planning and the energy consumption for air conditioning are only the initial impacts to which Algeria must find answers supportable economically and socially. The study examines to what extent, Algeria can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We present an analysis of the current situation, trends in CO2 emissions, footprint of Algeria, national climate plan and especially what will be the impact on GHG emissions of the new strategy for promoting renewable energy adopted in 2011 and expects to produce 40% of electricity needs from solar energy. The results show that in 2012 the GHG emissions totaled 153 MT CO2 eq and growing at a rate of over 3%. The Introduction of solar energy in electricity production and implementation of energy efficiency allow to reduce by 2030 more than 300 MT CO2 eq. Avenues of consideration relating to a combination of policies and improved technologies that are able to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate the impacts caused by climate change in the medium term will also be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co2%20mitigation" title=" co2 mitigation"> co2 mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37791/greenhouse-gas-mitigation-by-promoting-renewable-energy-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2130</span> Environmental Policy Instruments and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: VAR Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronika%20Solilov%C3%A1">Veronika Solilová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danu%C5%A1e%20Nerudov%C3%A1"> Danuše Nerudová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the interaction between the environmental taxation, size of government spending on environmental protection and greenhouse gas emissions and gross inland energy consumption. The aim is to analyze the effects of environmental taxation and government spending on environmental protection as an environmental policy instruments on greenhouse gas emissions and gross inland energy consumption in the EU15. The empirical study is performed using a VAR approach with the application of aggregated data of EU15 over the period 1995 to 2012. The results provide the evidence that the reactions of greenhouse gas emission and gross inland energy consumption to the shocks of environmental policy instruments are strong, mainly in the short term and decay to zero after about 8 years. Further, the reactions of the environmental policy instruments to the shocks of greenhouse gas emission and gross inland energy consumption are also strong in the short term, however with the deferred effects. In addition, the results show that government spending on environmental protection together with gross inland energy consumption has stronger effect on greenhouse gas emissions than environmental taxes in EU15 over the examined period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20analysis" title="VAR analysis">VAR analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title=" greenhouse gas emissions"> greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20taxation" title=" environmental taxation"> environmental taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20spending" title=" government spending"> government spending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17332/environmental-policy-instruments-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-var-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2129</span> A Comparative Study on the Impact of Global Warming of Applying Low Carbon Factor Concrete Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Hyun%20Cho">Su-Hyun Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-U%20Chae"> Chang-U Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental impact assessment techniques have been developed as a result of the worldwide efforts to reduce the environmental impact of global warming. By using the quantification method in the construction industry, it is now possible to manage the greenhouse gas is to systematically evaluate the impact on the environment over the entire construction process. In particular, the proportion of greenhouse gas emissions at the production stage of construction material occupied is high, and efforts are needed in particular in the construction field. In this study, intended for concrete products for the construction materials, by using the LCA evaluation method, we compared the results of environmental impact assessment and carbon emissions of developing products that have been applied low-carbon technologies compared to existing products. As a results, by introducing a raw material of industrial waste, showed carbon reduction. Through a comparison of the carbon emission reduction effect of low-carbon technologies, it is intended to provide academic data for the evaluation of greenhouse gases in the construction sector and the development of low-carbon technologies of the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20emissions" title="CO₂ emissions">CO₂ emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20reduction" title=" CO₂ reduction"> CO₂ reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ready-mixed%20concrete" title=" ready-mixed concrete"> ready-mixed concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact%20assessment" title=" environmental impact assessment"> environmental impact assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16912/a-comparative-study-on-the-impact-of-global-warming-of-applying-low-carbon-factor-concrete-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2128</span> Determinants of Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emission in Lithuanian Agriculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Makuteniene">D. Makuteniene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture, as one of the human activities, emits a significant amount of greenhouse gas emission and undoubtedly has an impact on climate change. The main gaseous products of agricultural greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitroxadoxide. The sources and emission of these gases depend on land use, soil, crops, manure, livestock, and energy consumption. One of the indicators showing the agricultural impact on climate change is an intensity of GHG emission and its dynamics. This study analyzed the determinants of an intensity of greenhouse gas emission in Lithuanian agriculture using data decomposition. The research revealed that, although greenhouse gas emission increased during the research period, however, agricultural net value added grew more rapidly, which contributed to a reduction of intensity of greenhouse gas emission in Lithuania between 2000 and 2015. It was identified that during the research period intensity of greenhouse gas emission was mostly increased by the change of the use of nitrogen in agriculture, as compared to the change of the area of agricultural land, and by the change of the number of full-time employees, as compared to the change of net value added. Conversely, the change of energy consumption in agriculture, as compared to the change of the use of nitrogen in agriculture, had a bigger impact in decreasing intensity of greenhouse gas emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinants%20of%20intensity" title=" determinants of intensity"> determinants of intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title=" greenhouse gas emission"> greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity" title=" intensity"> intensity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97199/determinants-of-intensity-of-greenhouse-gas-emission-in-lithuanian-agriculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2127</span> A Solar Heating System Performance on the Microclimate of an Agricultural Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment adopted a natural technique of heating and cooling an agricultural greenhouse to reduce the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions based on the heating of a transfer fluid that circulates inside the greenhouse through a solar copper coil positioned at the roof of the greenhouse. This experimental study is devoted to the performance evaluation of a solar heating system to improve the microclimate of a greenhouse during the cold period, especially in the Mediterranean climate. This integrated solar system for heating has a positive impact on the quality and quantity of the products under the study greenhouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174386/a-solar-heating-system-performance-on-the-microclimate-of-an-agricultural-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2126</span> Forest Soil Greenhouse Gas Real-Time Analysis Using Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20L.%20Porter">Timothy L. Porter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Randy%20Dillingham"> T. Randy Dillingham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetation growth and decomposition, along with soil microbial activity play a complex role in the production of greenhouse gases originating in forest soils. The absorption or emission (respiration) of these gases is a function of many factors relating to the soils themselves, the plants, and the environment in which the plants are growing. For this study, we have constructed a battery-powered, portable field mass spectrometer for use in analyzing gases in the soils surrounding trees, plants, and other areas. We have used the instrument to sample in real-time the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane in soils where plant life may be contributing to the production of gases such as methane. Gases such as isoprene, which may help correlate gas respiration to microbial activity have also been measured. The instrument is composed of a quadrupole mass spectrometer with part per billion or better sensitivity, coupled to battery-powered turbo and diaphragm pumps. A unique ambient air pressure differentially pumped intake apparatus allows for the real-time sampling of gases in the soils from the surface to several inches below the surface. Results show that this instrument is capable of instant, part-per-billion sensitivity measurement of carbon dioxide and methane in the near surface region of various forest soils. We have measured differences in soil respiration resulting from forest thinning, forest burning, and forest logging as compared to pristine, untouched forests. Further studies will include measurements of greenhouse gas respiration as a function of temperature, microbial activity as measured by isoprene production, and forest restoration after fire. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title="forest">forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse" title=" greenhouse"> greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrupole" title=" quadrupole"> quadrupole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110968/forest-soil-greenhouse-gas-real-time-analysis-using-quadrupole-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2125</span> Modelling of Filters CO2 (Carbondioxide) and CO (Carbonmonoxide) Portable in Motor Vehicle's Exhaust with Absorbent Chitosan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuandanis%20Wahyu%20Salam">Yuandanis Wahyu Salam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfi%20Panrepi"> Irfi Panrepi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuraeni"> Nuraeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increased of greenhouse gases, that is CO2 (carbondioxide) in atmosphere induce the rising of earth’s surface average temperature. One of the largest contributors to greenhouse gases is motor vehicles. Smoke which is emitted by motor’s exhaust containing gases such as CO2 (carbondioxide) and CO (carbon monoxide). Chemically, chitosan is cellulose like plant fiber that has the ability to bind like absorbant foam. Chitosan is a natural antacid (absorb toxins), when chitosan is spread over the surface of water, chitosan is able to absorb fats, oils, heavy metals, and other toxic substances. Judging from the nature of chitosan is able to absorb various toxic substances, it is expected that chitosan is also able to filter out gas emission from the motor vehicles. This study designing a carbondioxide filter in the exhaust of motor vehicles using chitosan as its absorbant. It aims to filter out gases in the exhaust so that CO2 and CO can be reducted before emitted by exhaust. Form of this reseach is study of literature and applied with experimental research of tool manufacture. Data collected through documentary studies by studying books, magazines, thesis, search on the internet as well as the relevant reference. This study will produce a filters which has main function to filter out CO2 and CO emissions that generated by vehicle’s exhaust and can be used as portable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title="filter">filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbondioxide" title=" carbondioxide"> carbondioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust" title=" exhaust"> exhaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36368/modelling-of-filters-co2-carbondioxide-and-co-carbonmonoxide-portable-in-motor-vehicles-exhaust-with-absorbent-chitosan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2124</span> Rapid Assessment the Ability of Forest Vegetation in Kulonprogo to Store Carbon Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery and Vegetation Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ima%20Rahmawati">Ima Rahmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Hafizul%20Kalam"> Nur Hafizul Kalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of industrial and economic sectors in various countries very rapidly caused raising the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Greenhouse gases are dominated by carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere that make the surface temperature of the earth always increase. The increasing gases caused by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coals and also high rate of deforestation. Yogyakarta Special Province which every year always become tourist destination, has a great potency in increasing of greenhouse gas emissions mainly from the incomplete combustion. One of effort to reduce the concentration of gases in the atmosphere is keeping and empowering the existing forests in the Province of Yogyakarta, especially forest in Kulonprogro is to be maintained the greenness so that it can absorb and store carbon maximally. Remote sensing technology can be used to determine the ability of forests to absorb carbon and it is connected to the density of vegetation. The purpose of this study is to determine the density of the biomass of forest vegetation and determine the ability of forests to store carbon through Photo-interpretation and Geographic Information System approach. Remote sensing imagery that used in this study is LANDSAT 8 OLI year 2015 recording. LANDSAT 8 OLI imagery has 30 meters spatial resolution for multispectral bands and it can give general overview the condition of the carbon stored from every density of existing vegetation. The method is the transformation of vegetation index combined with allometric calculation of field data then doing regression analysis. The results are model maps of density and capability level of forest vegetation in Kulonprogro, Yogyakarta in storing carbon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title=" carbon"> carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kulonprogo" title=" kulonprogo"> kulonprogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20vegetation" title=" forest vegetation"> forest vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20index" title=" vegetation index"> vegetation index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41473/rapid-assessment-the-ability-of-forest-vegetation-in-kulonprogo-to-store-carbon-using-multispectral-satellite-imagery-and-vegetation-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2123</span> Rising Levels of Greenhouse Gases: Implication for Global Warming in Anambra State South Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikwelu%20Edward%20Emenike">Chikwelu Edward Emenike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogbuagu%20Uchenna%20%20Fredrick"> Ogbuagu Uchenna Fredrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> About 34% of the solar radiant energy reaching the earth is immediately reflected back to space as incoming radiation by clouds, chemicals, dust in the atmosphere and by the earth’s surface. Most of the remaining 66% warms the atmosphere and land. Most of the incoming solar radiation not reflect away is degraded into low-quality heat and flows into space. The rate at which this energy returns to space as low-quality heat is affected by the presence of molecules of greenhouse gases. Gaseous emission was measured with the aid of Growen gas Analyzer with a digital readout. Total measurements of eight parameters of twelve selected sample locations taken at two different seasons within two months were made. The ambient air quality investigation in Anambra State has shown the overall mean concentrations of gaseous emission at twelve (12) locations. The mean gaseous emissions showed (NO2=0.66ppm, SO2=0.30ppm, CO=43.93ppm, H2S=2.17ppm, CH4=1.27ppm, CFC=1.59ppb, CO2=316.33ppm, N2O=302.67ppb and O3=0.37ppm). These values do not conform to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and thus contribute significantly to the global warming. Because some of these gaseous emissions (SO2, NO2) are oxidizing agents, they act as irritants that damage delicate tissues in the eyes and respiratory passages. These can impair lung function and trigger cardiovascular problems as the heart tries to compensate for lack of Oxygen by pumping faster and harder. The major sources of air pollution are transportation, industrial processes, stationary fuel combustion and solid waste disposal, thus much is yet to be done in a developing country like Nigeria. Air pollution control using pollution-control equipment to reduce the major conventional pollutants, relocating people who live very close to dumpsites, processing and treatment of gases to produce electricity, heat, fuel and various chemical components should be encouraged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20air" title="ambient air">ambient air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmosphere" title=" atmosphere"> atmosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anambra%20state" title=" anambra state"> anambra state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27688/rising-levels-of-greenhouse-gases-implication-for-global-warming-in-anambra-state-south-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2122</span> Alternative Systems of Drinking Water Supply Using Rainwater Harvesting for Small Rural Communities with Zero Greenhouse Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mundo-Molina">Martin Mundo-Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Mexico, there are many small rural communities with serious water supply deficiencies. In Chiapas, Mexico, there are 19,972 poor rural communities, 15,712 of which have fewer than 100 inhabitants. The lack of a constant water supply is most severe in the highlands of Chiapas where the population is made up mainly of indigenous groups. The communities are on mountainous terrain with a widely dispersed population. These characteristics combine to make the provision of public utilities, such as water, electricity and sewerage, difficult with conventional means. The introduction of alternative, low-cost technologies represents means of supplying water such as through fog and rain catchment with zero greenhouse emissions. In this paper is presented the rainwater harvesting system (RWS) constructed in Yalentay, Chiapas Mexico. The RWS is able to store 1.2 M liters of water to provide drinking water to small rural indigenous communities of 500 people in the drought stage. Inside the system of rainwater harvesting there isn't photosynthesis in order to conserve water for long periods. The natural filters of the system of rainwater harvesting guarantee the drinking water for using to the community. The combination of potability and low cost makes rain collection a viable alternative for rural areas, weather permitting. The Mexican Institute of Water Technology and Chiapas University constructed a rainwater harvesting system in Yalentay Chiapas, it consists of four parts: 1. Roof of aluminum, for collecting rainwater, 2. Underground-cistern, divided in two tanks, 3. Filters, to improve the water quality and 4. The system of rainwater harvesting dignified the lives of people in Yalentay, saves energy, prevents the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, conserves natural resources such as water and air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate%20technologies" title="appropriate technologies">appropriate technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainwater%20harvesting" title=" rainwater harvesting "> rainwater harvesting </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34061/alternative-systems-of-drinking-water-supply-using-rainwater-harvesting-for-small-rural-communities-with-zero-greenhouse-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2121</span> A Generalised Propensity Score Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Agricultural Research Systems on Greenhouse Gas Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spada%20Alessia">Spada Alessia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiore%20Mariantonietta"> Fiore Mariantonietta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamonaca%20Emilia"> Lamonaca Emilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cont%C3%B2%20Francesco"> Contò Francesco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioeconomy can give the chance to face new global challenges and can move ahead the transition from a waste economy to an economy based on renewable resources and sustainable consumption. Air pollution is a grave issue in green challenges, mainly caused by anthropogenic factors. The agriculture sector is a great contributor to global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to lacking efficient management of the resources involved and research policies. In particular, livestock sector contributes to emissions of GHGs, deforestation, and nutrient imbalances. More effective agricultural research systems and technologies are crucial in order to improve farm productivity but also to reduce the GHGs emissions. Using data from FAOSTAT statistics and concern the EU countries; the aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of ASTI R&D (Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators) on GHGs emissions for countries EU in 2015 by generalized propensity score procedures, estimating a dose-response function, also considering a set of covariates. Expected results show the existence of the influence of ASTI R&D on GHGs across EU countries. Implications are crucial: reducing GHGs emissions by means of R&D based policies and correlatively reaching eco-friendly management of required resources by means of green available practices could have a crucial role for fair intra-generational implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20research%20systems" title="agricultural research systems">agricultural research systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose-response%20function" title=" dose-response function"> dose-response function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20propensity%20score" title=" generalized propensity score"> generalized propensity score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68511/a-generalised-propensity-score-analysis-to-investigate-the-influence-of-agricultural-research-systems-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2120</span> Satellite Technology Usage for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Monitoring and Verification: Policy Considerations for an International System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timiebi%20Aganaba-Jeanty">Timiebi Aganaba-Jeanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate and transparent monitoring, reporting and verification of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and removals is a requirement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Several countries are obligated to prepare and submit an annual national greenhouse gas inventory covering anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks, subject to a review conducted by an international team of experts. However, the process is not without flaws. The self-reporting varies enormously in thoroughness, frequency and accuracy including inconsistency in the way such reporting occurs. The world’s space agencies are calling for a new generation of satellites that would be precise enough to map greenhouse gas emissions from individual nations. The plan is delicate politically because the global system could verify or cast doubt on emission reports from the member states of the UNFCCC. A level playing field is required and an idea that an international system should be perceived as an instrument to facilitate fairness and equality rather than to spy on or punish. This change of perspective is required to get buy in for an international verification system. The research proposes the viability of a satellite system that provides independent access to data regarding greenhouse gas emissions and the policy and governance implications of its potential use as a monitoring and verification system for the Paris Agreement. It assesses the foundations of the reporting monitoring and verification system as proposed in Paris and analyzes this in light of a proposed satellite system. The use of remote sensing technology has been debated for verification purposes and as evidence in courts but this is not without controversy. Lessons can be learned from its use in this context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title="greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reporting" title=" reporting"> reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20and%20verification" title=" monitoring and verification"> monitoring and verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNFCCC" title=" UNFCCC"> UNFCCC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57507/satellite-technology-usage-for-greenhouse-gas-emissions-monitoring-and-verification-policy-considerations-for-an-international-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2119</span> Analysis of the Relationship between Micro-Regional Human Development and Brazil's Greenhouse Gases Emission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geanderson%20Eduardo%20Ambr%C3%B3sio">Geanderson Eduardo Ambrósio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D%C3%AAnis%20Ant%C3%B4nio%20Da%20Cunha"> Dênis Antônio Da Cunha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcel%20Viana%20Pires"> Marcel Viana Pires</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, human development has been based on economic gains associated with intensive energy activities, which often are exhaustive in the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). It requires the establishment of targets for mitigation of GHGs in order to disassociate the human development from emissions and prevent further climate change. Brazil presents itself as one of the most GHGs emitters and it is of critical importance to discuss such reductions in intra-national framework with the objective of distributional equity to explore its full mitigation potential without compromising the development of less developed societies. This research displays some incipient considerations about which Brazil’s micro-regions should reduce, when the reductions should be initiated and what its magnitude should be. We started with the methodological assumption that human development and GHGs emissions arise in the future as their behavior was observed in the past. Furthermore, we assume that once a micro-region became developed, it is able to maintain gains in human development without the need of keep growing GHGs emissions rates. The human development index and the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (CO2e) were extrapolated to the year 2050, which allowed us to calculate when the micro-regions will become developed and the mass of GHG’s emitted. The results indicate that Brazil must throw 300 GT CO2e in the atmosphere between 2011 and 2050, of which only 50 GT will be issued by micro-regions before it’s develop and 250 GT will be released after development. We also determined national mitigation targets and structured reduction schemes where only the developed micro-regions would be required to reduce. The micro-region of São Paulo, the most developed of the country, should be also the one that reduces emissions at most, emitting, in 2050, 90% less than the value observed in 2010. On the other hand, less developed micro-regions will be responsible for less impactful reductions, i.e. Vale do Ipanema will issue in 2050 only 10% below the value observed in 2010. Such methodological assumption would lead the country to issue, in 2050, 56.5% lower than that observed in 2010, so that the cumulative emissions between 2011 and 2050 would reduce by 130 GT CO2e over the initial projection. The fact of associating the magnitude of the reductions to the level of human development of the micro-regions encourages the adoption of policies that favor both variables as the governmental planner will have to deal with both the increasing demand for higher standards of living and with the increasing magnitude of reducing emissions. However, if economic agents do not act proactively in local and national level, the country is closer to the scenario in which emits more than the one in which mitigates emissions. The research highlighted the importance of considering the heterogeneity in determining individual mitigation targets and also ratified the theoretical and methodological feasibility to allocate larger share of contribution for those who historically emitted more. It is understood that the proposals and discussions presented should be considered in mitigation policy formulation in Brazil regardless of the adopted reduction target. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title="greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title=" human development"> human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20energy%20activities" title=" intensive energy activities"> intensive energy activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29348/analysis-of-the-relationship-between-micro-regional-human-development-and-brazils-greenhouse-gases-emission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2118</span> Carbon Footprint of Blowmoulded Plastic Parts-Case Study on Automotive Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C4%83d%C4%83lina%20Elena%20Mavrodin">Mădălina Elena Mavrodin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriela%20Andreea%20Despescu"> Gabriela Andreea Despescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gheorghe%20L%C4%83z%C4%83roiu"> Gheorghe Lăzăroiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Long term trend of global warming has brought a very deep interest in climate change, which is due most likely to increasing concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. 0f these, particular attention is paid to carbon dioxide, which has led in desire for obtaining carbon footprint products. Automotive industry is one of the world’s most important economic sectors with a great impact over the environment through all range of activities. Its impact over the environment has been studied, researcher trying as much as possible to reduce it and to offer environmental friendly solution for the using, but also manufacturing cars. In the global endeavour to meet the international commitments in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, many companies integrate environmental issues into their management systems, with potential effects in their entire production chains. Several tools and calculators have been developed to measure the environmental impact of a product in the life cycle perspective of the whole product chain. There were a lot of ways to obtain the carbon footprint of driving a car, but the total carbon footprint of a car includes also the carbon footprint of all the components and accessories. In the automotive industry, one of the challenges is to calculate the carbon footprint of a car from ‘cradle to grave’; this meaning not only for driving the car, but also manufacturing it, so there can be an overview over the entire process of production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title="carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming%20potential" title=" global warming potential"> global warming potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacture" title=" manufacture"> manufacture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20air%20ducts" title=" plastic air ducts"> plastic air ducts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37633/carbon-footprint-of-blowmoulded-plastic-parts-case-study-on-automotive-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2117</span> Assessment of the Thermal Performance of a Solar Heating System on an Agricultural Greenhouse Microclimate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Arbaoui">Nora Arbaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Tadili"> Rachid Tadili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The substantial increase of areas cultivated under glasshouses compels the use of other natural heating and cooling procedures to make a profit as well as avoid both exorbitant fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. This experimental study is designed to examine the functioning of a solar heating system that will increase positive consequences in terms of both quantity and quality while successfully enhancing greenhouse microclimate during wintertime. Those configurations have been tested in a miniaturized greenhouse simply after having optimized the operating parameters. These were noteworthy results when compared to an unheated witness greenhouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20system" title="solar system">solar system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20greenhouse" title=" agricultural greenhouse"> agricultural greenhouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title=" cooling"> cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189034/assessment-of-the-thermal-performance-of-a-solar-heating-system-on-an-agricultural-greenhouse-microclimate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2116</span> The Long-Run Impact of Financial Development on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in India: An Application of Regime Shift Based Cointegration Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javaid%20Ahmad%20Dar">Javaid Ahmad Dar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Asif"> Mohammad Asif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the long-run impact of financial development, energy consumption and economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions for India, in presence of endogenous structural breaks, over a period of 1971-2013. Autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure and Hatemi-J threshold cointegration technique have been used to test the variables for cointegration. ARDL bounds test did not confirm any cointegrating relationship between the variables. The threshold cointegration test establishes the presence of long-run impact of financial development, energy use and economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions in India. The results reveal that the long-run relationship between the variables has witnessed two regime shifts, in 1978 and 2002. The empirical evidence shows that financial sector development and energy consumption in India degrade environment. Unlike previous studies, this paper finds no statistical evidence of long-run relationship between economic growth and environmental deterioration. The study also challenges the existence of environmental Kuznets curve in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title="cointegration">cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20development" title=" financial development"> financial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title=" greenhouse gas emissions"> greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regime%20shift" title=" regime shift"> regime shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20root" title=" unit root"> unit root</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68533/the-long-run-impact-of-financial-development-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-india-an-application-of-regime-shift-based-cointegration-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2115</span> Methane versus Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20J.%20Severinsky">Alexander J. Severinsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allen%20L.%20Sessoms"> Allen L. Sessoms</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) has dominated the discussion about the causes of climate change. This is a reflection of the time horizon that has become the norm adopted by the IPCC as the planning horizon. Recently, it has become clear that a 100-year time horizon is much too long, and yet almost all mitigation efforts, including those in the near-term horizon of 30 years, are geared toward it. In this paper, we show that, for a 30-year time horizon, methane (CH₄) is the greenhouse gas whose radiative forcing exceeds that of CO₂. In our analysis, we used radiative forcing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since they directly affect the temperature rise on Earth. In 2019, the radiative forcing of methane was ~2.5 W/m² and that of carbon dioxide ~2.1 W/m². Under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario until 2050, such forcing would be ~2.8 W/m² and ~3.1 W/m², respectively. There is a substantial spread in the data for anthropogenic and natural methane emissions as well as CH₄ leakages from production to consumption. We estimated the minimum and maximum effects of the reduction of these leakages. Such action may reduce the annual radiative forcing of all CH₄ emissions by between ~15% and ~30%. This translates into a reduction of the RF by 2050 from ~2.8 W/m² to ~2.5 W/m² in the case of the minimum effect and to ~2.15 W/m² in the case of the maximum. Under the BAU, we found that the RF of CO₂ would increase from ~2.1 W/m² nowadays to ~3.1 W/m² by 2050. We assumed a reduction of 50% of anthropogenic emission linearly over the next 30 years. That would reduce radiative forcing from ~3.1 W/m² to ~2.9 W/m². In the case of ‘net zero,’ the other 50% of reduction of only anthropogenic emissions would be limited to either from sources of emissions or directly from the atmosphere. The total reduction would be from ~3.1 to ~2.7, or ~0.4 W/m². To achieve the same radiative forcing as in the scenario of maximum reduction of methane leakages of ~2.15 W/m², then an additional reduction of radiative forcing of CO₂ would be approximately 2.7 -2.15=0.55 W/m². This is a much larger value than in expectations from ‘net zero’. In total, one needs to remove from the atmosphere ~660 GT to match the maximum reduction of current methane leakages and ~270 GT to achieve ‘net zero.’ This amounts to over 900 GT in total. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20leakages" title="methane leakages">methane leakages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20radiative%20forcing" title=" methane radiative forcing"> methane radiative forcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20mitigation" title=" methane mitigation"> methane mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20net%20zero" title=" methane net zero"> methane net zero</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136614/methane-versus-carbon-dioxide-mitigation-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2114</span> Reducing Energy Consumption and GHG Emission by Integration of Flare Gas with Fuel Gas Network in Refinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tahouni">N. Tahouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gholami"> M. Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Panjeshahi"> M. H. Panjeshahi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas flaring is one of the most GHG emitting sources in the oil and gas industries. It is also a major way for wasting such an energy that could be better utilized and even generates revenue. Minimize flaring is an effective approach for reducing GHG emissions and also conserving energy in flaring systems. Integrating waste and flared gases into the fuel gas networks (FGN) of refineries is an efficient tool. A fuel gas network collects fuel gases from various source streams and mixes them in an optimal manner, and supplies them to different fuel sinks such as furnaces, boilers, turbines, etc. In this article we use fuel gas network model proposed by Hasan et al. as a base model and modify some of its features and add constraints on emission pollution by gas flaring to reduce GHG emissions as possible. Results for a refinery case study showed that integration of flare gas stream with waste and natural gas streams to construct an optimal FGN can significantly reduce total annualized cost and flaring emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flaring" title="flaring">flaring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20gas%20network" title=" fuel gas network"> fuel gas network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream" title=" stream "> stream </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13259/reducing-energy-consumption-and-ghg-emission-by-integration-of-flare-gas-with-fuel-gas-network-in-refinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2113</span> Experimental Investigation of Gas Bubble Behaviours in a Domestic Heat Pump Water Heating System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Qin">J. B. Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20H.%20Jiang"> X. H. Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Ge"> Y. T. Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing awareness of global warming potential has internationally aroused interest and demand in reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activity. Much national energy in the UK had been consumed in the residential sector mainly for space heating and domestic hot water production. Currently, gas boilers are mostly applied in the domestic water heating which contribute significantly to excessive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and consumption of primary energy resources. The issues can be solved by popularizing heat pump systems that are attributable to higher performance efficiency than those of traditional gas boilers. Even so, the heat pump system performance can be further enhanced if the dissolved gases in its hot water circuit can be efficiently discharged.  To achieve this target, the bubble behaviors in the heat pump water heating system need to be extensively investigated. In this paper, by varying different experimental conditions, the effects of various heat pump hot water side parameters on gas microbubble diameters were measured and analyzed. Correspondingly, the effect of each parameter has been investigated. These include varied system pressures, water flow rates, saturation ratios and heat outputs. The results measurement showed that the water flow rate is the most significant parameter to influence on gas microbubble productions. The research outcomes can significantly contribute to the understanding of gas bubble behaviors at domestic heat pump water heating systems and thus the efficient way for the discharging of the associated dissolved gases.   <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pump%20water%20heating%20system" title="heat pump water heating system">heat pump water heating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbubble%20formation" title=" microbubble formation"> microbubble formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20gases%20in%20water" title=" dissolved gases in water"> dissolved gases in water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title=" effectiveness"> effectiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64540/experimental-investigation-of-gas-bubble-behaviours-in-a-domestic-heat-pump-water-heating-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases%20emissions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases%20emissions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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