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袛芯褉芯褎械泄袛芯褉芯褎械械胁懈褔 (4.02.1878, 袦懈薪褋泻 - 1942, 袘谢懈卸. 袙芯褋褌芯泻), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 锌褉邪胁芯褋谢. 写械褟褌械谢褜. 袪芯写. 胁褋械屑褜械芯褎懈褑械褉邪. 袨泻芯薪褔懈谢袩芯谢芯褑泻懈泄泻邪写械褌褋泻懈泄泻芯褉锌褍褋懈袣芯薪褋褌邪薪褌懈薪芯胁褋泻芯械邪褉褌懈谢谢械褉懈泄褋泻芯械褍褔-褖械. 袟邪薪懈屑邪谢褋褟卸褍褉薪邪谢懈褋褌懈泻芯泄褋 1897 谐. 袩芯褋谢械薪械褋泻. 谢械褌褋谢褍卸斜褘胁 1908 谐. 胁褔懈薪械褕褌邪斜褋-泻邪锌懈褌邪薪邪邪褉褌懈谢谢械褉懈懈芯褋褌邪胁懈谢邪褉屑懈褞懈褋芯褋褉械写芯褌芯褔懈谢褋褟薪邪谢懈褌. 写械褟褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌懈. 袞懈谢胁袦懈薪褋泻械, 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈褔邪谢褋谐邪蟹械褌邪屑懈芦袦懈薪褋泻懈泄谢懈褋褌芯泻禄, 芦小械胁械褉芯-袟邪锌邪写薪褘泄泻褉邪泄禄, 芦小械胁械褉芯-袟邪锌邪写薪邪褟卸懈蟹薪褜禄, 芦袦懈薪褋泻懈械胁械写芯屑芯褋褌懈禄, 芦袚芯谢芯褋锌褉芯胁懈薪褑懈懈禄 (胁 1907 谐. 芯写懈薪懈蟹械械褉械写邪泻褌芯褉芯胁). 袩芯写锌褋械胁写芯薪懈屑邪屑懈袧. 袦. 小械褉械斜褉褟薪褋泻懈泄, 袛. 袛芯褉芯褎械械胁懈写褉. 锌懈褋邪谢褋褌邪褌褜懈薪邪邪泻褌褍邪谢褜薪褘械褌械屑褘芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄卸懈蟹薪懈, 谢懈褌.-泻褉懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈械褋褌邪褌褜懈, 褉械褑械薪蟹懈懈. 袝谐芯锌械褉胁邪褟泻薪懈谐邪锌褉械写褋褌邪胁谢褟谢邪褋芯斜芯泄锌芯褝褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄锌械褉械胁芯写薪邪褉褍褋. 褟蟹褘泻芦小谢芯胁邪芯锌芯谢泻褍袠谐芯褉械胁械禄 (懈蟹写. 胁 1897 锌芯写薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械屑芦袠谐芯褉褜, 泻薪褟蟹褜小械胁械褉褋泻懈泄禄). 校胁谢械褔械薪懈械褉褍褋. 懈褋褌芯褉懈械泄芯褌褉邪蟹懈谢芯褋褜胁懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻芯泄锌芯褝屑械芦袣薪褟蟹褜袙褋械褋谢邪胁芯胁懈褔禄, 屑薪芯谐芯褔懈褋谢械薪薪褘褏褋褌懈褏芯褌胁芯褉械薪懈褟褏, 褎芯谢褜泻谢芯褉薪褘褏蟹邪锌懈褋泻邪褏, 锌械褉械胁芯写邪褏懈蟹锌芯谢褜褋泻. 谢懈褌-褉褘懈褌. 写. 袙 1902 谐. 胁褘褕谢邪胁褋胁械褌懈褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-谢懈褌. 褉邪斜芯褌邪袘. 芦袦懈薪褋泻懈械锌褉械写邪薪懈褟懈谢械谐械薪写褘禄, 锌褉懈薪械褋褕邪褟邪胁褌芯褉褍懈蟹胁械褋褌薪芯褋褌褜. 袙谐芯写褘褉械胁芯谢褞褑懈懈 1905-1907 谐谐. 胁褘褋褌褍锌邪谢蟹邪泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯械褋邪屑芯芯锌褉械写械谢械薪懈械斜械谢芯褉褍褋芯胁, 谢懈褌芯胁褑械胁懈锌芯谢褟泻芯胁, 薪芯胁锌芯褋谢. 芯褌芯褕械谢芯褌谢懈斜械褉邪谢褜薪褘褏褍胁谢械褔械薪懈泄. 袪械胁芯谢褞褑懈芯薪薪褘械褋芯斜褘褌懈褟 1917 谐. 胁芯褋锌褉懈薪褟谢薪械谐邪褌懈胁薪芯. 袙泻芯薪. 1920 谐. 斜械卸邪谢褋褋械屑褜械泄胁袙懈谢褜薪褍, 胁褋泻芯褉械胁泻谢褞褔械薪薪褍褞胁褋芯褋褌邪胁袩芯谢褜褋泻芯谐芯谐芯褋-胁邪. 袟写械褋褜袘. 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈褔邪谢褋谐邪蟹械褌邪屑懈芦袪褍褋褋泻芯械褋谢芯胁芯禄, 芦袧邪褕械胁褉械屑褟禄, 褋锌褉邪胁芯褋谢. 卸. 芦袙芯褋泻褉械褋薪芯械褔褌械薪懈械禄, 斜褘谢褉械写邪泻褌芯褉芯屑-懈蟹写邪褌械谢械屑谐邪蟹. 芦袠褋泻褉邪禄. 袙褘褋褌褍锌邪谢胁蟹邪褖懈褌褍锌褉邪胁芯褋谢. 笑械褉泻胁懈懈褉褍褋. 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯谐芯屑械薪褜褕懈薪褋褌胁邪胁袩芯谢褜褕械. 袩懈褋邪谢褋褌邪褌褜懈, 锌芯褋胁褟褖械薪薪褘械懈褋褌芯褉懈懈笑械褉泻胁懈, 锌芯谢芯卸械薪懈褞写械褟褌械谢械泄褉褍褋. 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉褘胁褝屑懈谐褉邪褑懈懈, 邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈褉芯胁邪谢懈褏谢懈褌. 褌胁芯褉褔械褋褌胁芯. 小芯褋褌芯褟谢褔谢械薪芯屑袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯谐芯斜谢邪谐芯褌胁芯褉懈褌械谢褜薪芯谐芯芯斜-胁邪, 袨斜-胁邪褉褍褋褋泻懈褏锌懈褋邪褌械谢械泄懈卸褍褉薪邪谢懈褋褌芯胁懈写褉. 携胁谢褟谢褋褟屑薪芯谐芯谢械褌薪懈屑褉褍泻芯胁芯写懈褌械谢械屑袥懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉薪芯-邪褉褌懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻芯泄褋械泻褑懈懈 (袥袗小) 锌褉懈袙懈谢械薪褋泻芯屑褉褍褋褋泻芯屑芯斜-胁械 (袝. 袙. 袙邪写懈屑芯胁, 袙. 袪. 袠芯写泻芯, 袠. 袠. 袩芯锌谢邪胁褋泻懈泄懈写褉.). 袩芯褋褌芯褟薪薪芯褍褔邪褋褌胁芯胁邪谢胁蟹邪褋械写邪薪懈褟褏袙懈谢械薪褋泻芯谐芯褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪芯-褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻芯谐芯泻褉褍卸泻邪, 胁褘褋褌褍锌邪谢褋写芯泻谢邪写邪屑懈薪邪懈褋褌芯褉懈泻芯-褑械褉泻芯胁薪褘械懈谢懈褌. 褌械屑褘. 袙 1939 谐. 邪褉械褋褌芯胁邪薪褋芯胁械褌褋泻懈屑懈胁谢邪褋褌褟屑懈. 袩芯锌邪谢胁锌芯谢褜褋泻. 邪褉屑懈褞谐械薪. 袙. 袗薪写械褉褋邪懈锌芯谐懈斜薪邪褎褉芯薪褌械. </p> <div class="reference"> 袥懈褌.: 协薪褑褘泻谢邪锌械写褘褟谢i褌邪褉邪褌褍褉褘 i 屑邪褋褌邪褑褌胁邪袘械谢邪褉褍褋i. 袦i薪褋泻, 1984. 孝. 1; <span style="font-style:italic;">袣芯薪芯薪</span> <span style="font-style:italic;">袙</span>. <span style="font-style:italic;">袦</span>. 袩褉芯斜谢械屑褘懈褋泻褍褋褋褌胁邪懈褝褋褌械褌懈泻懈胁芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄屑褘褋谢懈袘械谢芯褉褍褋褋懈懈薪邪褔. XX 胁. 袦懈薪褋泻, 1985; <span style="font-style:italic;">效械褉械锌懈褑邪</span> <span style="font-style:italic;">袙</span>. <span style="font-style:italic;">袧</span>. 芦...袛邪泄薪邪屑褉褍泻褍胁薪械锌芯谐芯写褍禄: 袛械褟褌械谢懈褉褍褋. 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉褘 XIX - 薪邪褔. XX 胁. 懈袚褉芯写薪械薪褖懈薪邪. 袚褉芯写薪芯, 1997. <table class="onepixdot"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="author"> <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">袙. 袧. </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">效械褉械锌懈褑邪</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="see_also_kw"> <div class="header">袪褍斜褉懈泻懈:</div> <span><a href="/rubrics/123060.html">袪褍褋褋泻芯械蟹邪褉褍斜械卸褜械</a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="袪褍褋褋泻芯械蟹邪褉褍斜械卸褜械" /> <span><a href="/rubrics/123326.html">袠褋褌芯褉懈褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褘</a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="袠褋褌芯褉懈褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉褘" /> <span><a href="/rubrics/123328.html">袪褍褋褋泻邪褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪</a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="袪褍褋褋泻邪褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪" /> <span><a href="/rubrics/123330.html">袪褍褋褋泻邪褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪. 袩械褉褋芯薪邪谢懈懈 </a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="袪褍褋褋泻邪褟谢懈褌械褉邪褌褍褉邪. 袩械褉褋芯薪邪谢懈懈 " /> <span><a href="/rubrics/134140.html">袪褍褋褋泻芯械蟹邪褉褍斜械卸褜械. 袩械褉褋芯薪邪谢懈懈</a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="袪褍褋褋泻芯械蟹邪褉褍斜械卸褜械. 袩械褉褋芯薪邪谢懈懈" /> </div> <div class="see_also_kw"> <div class="header">袣谢褞褔械胁褘械褋谢芯胁邪:</div> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=550769">袩懈褋邪褌械谢懈褉褍褋褋泻懈械</a></span> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=550877">袪褍褋褋泻芯械蟹邪褉褍斜械卸褜械</a></span> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=591164">袘芯褏邪薪袛芯褉芯褎械泄袛芯褉芯褎械械胁懈褔, 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 锌褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪褘泄写械褟褌械谢褜</a></span> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=593205">袛械褟褌械谢懈袪褍褋褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</a></span> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=649812">袩褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌褘褉褍褋褋泻懈械</a></span> <div class="header">小屑.褌邪泻卸械:</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/153813.html">袙袗袙袪袠袣</a> 袙邪褋懈谢懈泄袪芯屑邪薪芯胁懈褔 (1889-1970), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 锌芯褝褌, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 懈褋褌芯褉懈泻, 锌褉邪胁芯褋谢. 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄写械褟褌械谢褜</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/182211.html">袞袝袙袗啸袨袙</a> 袧懈泻芯谢邪泄袛邪胁懈写芯胁懈褔 (1874 -1946), 泻薪., 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈泄懈褑械褉泻芯胁薪褘泄写械褟褌械谢褜, 屑械屑褍邪褉懈褋褌</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/63722.html">袗袡袙袗袟袨袙</a> 袠胁邪薪袚械芯褉谐懈械胁懈褔 (1872-1964), 斜芯谐芯褋谢芯胁, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 屑懈褋褋懈芯薪械褉 </div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/63922.html">袗袣小袗袣袨袙</a> 袠胁邪薪小械褉谐械械胁懈褔 (1823-1886), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 懈蟹写邪褌械谢褜, 懈写械芯谢芯谐褋谢邪胁褟薪芯褎懈谢褜褋褌胁邪</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/63924.html">袗袣小袗袣袨袙</a> 袣芯薪褋褌邪薪褌懈薪小械褉谐械械胁懈褔 (1817-1860), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 谢懈褌. 泻褉懈褌懈泻, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌懈懈褋褌芯褉懈泻, 芯写懈薪懈蟹谐谢邪胁薪褘褏褌械芯褉械褌懈泻芯胁褋谢邪胁褟薪芯褎懈谢褜褋褌胁邪</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/63926.html">袗袣小袗袣袨袙</a> 袧懈泻芯谢邪泄袩械褌褉芯胁懈褔 (1848-1909), 斜芯谐芯褋谢芯胁, 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎. 懈褋褌芯褉懈泻, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 邪胁褌芯褉褏褍写芯卸. 锌褉芯懈蟹胁., 谢懈褌. 泻褉懈褌懈泻</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/114650.html">袗袦肖袠孝袝袗孝袪袨袙</a> 袗谢械泻褋邪薪写褉袙邪谢械薪褌懈薪芯胁懈褔 (1862-1938), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 谢懈褌. 泻褉懈褌懈泻, 写褉邪屑邪褌褍褉谐, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌褉械胁芯谢.-写械屑芯泻褉. 薪邪锌褉邪胁谢.</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/115178.html">袗袧袛袪袝袝袙</a> 袥械芯薪懈写袧懈泻芯谢邪械胁懈褔 (1871-1919), 锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜邪薪褌懈褏褉懈褋褌. 薪邪锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈褟, 写褉邪屑邪褌褍褉谐, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/76338.html">袗袪小袝袧鞋袝袙</a> 袧懈泻芯谢邪泄小械褉谐械械胁懈褔 (1888-1977), 褉褍褋褋泻懈泄褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪褘泄锌懈褋邪褌械谢褜, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌, 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉芯谢芯谐</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/77814.html">袘袝袟袨袘袪袗袟袨袙</a> 袩邪胁械谢袙谢邪写懈屑懈褉芯胁懈褔 (1859-1918), 褉褍褋褋泻懈泄胁懈蟹邪薪褌懈薪懈褋褌, 锌褉芯蟹邪懈泻, 锌褍斜谢懈褑懈褋褌</div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/highslide/highslide.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/highslide_cover.js"></script> <table class="onepixdot"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <br clear="all" /> <div class="footer"> <a href="https://fapmc.gov.ru/rospechat.html">协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟褉邪蟹褉邪斜芯褌邪薪邪锌褉懈褎懈薪邪薪褋芯胁芯泄锌芯写写械褉卸泻械肖械写械褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯邪谐械薪褌褋褌胁邪锌芯锌械褔邪褌懈懈屑邪褋褋芯胁褘屑泻芯屑屑褍薪懈泻邪褑懈褟屑</a> <br /> © 1998 - 2023 笑械褉泻芯胁薪芯-薪邪褍褔薪褘泄褑械薪褌褉芦袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟禄. </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); 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