生化池浮泥上浮！如何解决？

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class="guanzhu gz-btn"><a href="javascript:void(0);" target="_parent" onclick="OpFollowMTSPUser()"></a></span> <span class="sc-btn shoucang"><a onclick="OpCollect()" target="_parent"></a></span> </div> <input type='hidden' id="CurrUserID" value="632080"> <input type='hidden' id="CurrCompanyID" value="621330"> <input type='hidden' id="CurrMTSPUserID" value="1294970"> <input type='hidden' id="OpCollect_Title" value="生化池浮泥上浮！如何解决？"> <input type='hidden' id="OpCollect_OpareteType" value="1"> <input type='hidden' id="OpCollect_ObjectID" value="1294970"> <input type='hidden' id="OpCollect_ObjectType" value="13"> <input type='hidden' id="OpCollect_PictureUrl" value=""> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/Common.js" ></script> <script type="text/javascript" >IsExitMTSPFollow()</script> </div> <div class="newsContent"> <div>　　采用生化法的污水处理普遍存在的问题之一，就是活性污泥中的微生物会受到各种内外因素的影响使活性污泥的比重降低而上浮飘走，不仅增加了出水中的悬浮固体量，而且会大大降低生物反应系统中活性污泥的活性和数量。使得污水处理厂的操作、运行和控制都产生了一定的困难，严重影响了出水水质。<br /> </div><div>　　1、活性污泥上浮的原因<br /> </div><div>　　引起活性污泥上浮的原因大致可分为二类。一类是由进水水质变化引起的，一类是由工艺运行控制引起的。<br /> </div><div>　　1、进水水质引起活性污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　1、过量的表面活性物质和油脂类化合物<br /> </div><div>　　正常污水进入曝气池运转时，特定表面活性剂对有机物的部分降解作用形成泡沫，并使泡沫迅速增长。这些泡沫一般呈白色且质轻，当活性污泥达到成熟时消失。当污水中有过量的表面活性物质时，这类物质可以影响细胞质膜的稳定性和通透性，使细胞的某些必要成分流失而导致微生物生长停滞和死亡。在曝气时所产生大量泡沫(气泡)，这些气泡很容易附聚在菌胶团上，使活性污泥的比重降低而上浮。另外，当进水含油脂量过高时，经过曝气与混合，油脂会附聚在菌胶团表面，使细菌缺氧死亡，导致比重降低而上浮。<br /> </div><div>　　2、pH值冲击<br /> </div><div>　　过高或过低的pH值会影响活性污泥微生物胞外酶及存在于细胞质和细胞壁里酶的催化作用以及微生物对营养物质的吸收。当连续流曝气反应池内pH<4.0或pH>11.0时，多数情况下活性污泥中微生物活性受到抑制，或失去活性，甚至死亡，以致发生污泥上浮。<br /> </div><div>　　3、水温及盐含量的影响<br /> </div><div>　　组成活性污泥的微生物适合的温度范围一般为15-35℃，超过45℃时会使活性污泥中大部分微生物死亡而上浮(经过长期驯化的或特殊微生物除外)。<br /> </div><div>　　对进水的pH值调整不能消除碱度对活性污泥的影响。对碱性进水调pH值，虽然中和了碱性物质，但产生了盐。盐溶液浓度不同其渗透压也不同，渗透压是影响微生物生存的重要因素之一。如微生物所处的溶液渗透压发生突变，就会导致细胞死亡。<br /> </div><div>　　4、致毒性底物<br /> </div><div>　　对好氧活性污泥微生物有致毒作用的底物主要包括：含量过高的COD、有机物(酚及其衍生物，醇，醛和某些有机酸等)、硫化物、重金属及卤化物。高底物浓度可与细胞酶活动中心形成稳定的化合物，导致基质不能接近，无法被降解，甚至使细胞中毒死亡。重金属离子进人细胞后主要与酶或蛋白质上的-SH基结合而使之失活或变性。微量的重金属离子还能在细胞内不断积累最终对微生物发生毒害作用(微动作用)。卤化物最常见的是碘和氯，碘不可逆地与菌体蛋白质(或酶)的酪an酸结合，生成二碘酪an酸，使菌体失活。氯与水合成次氯酸，其分解产生强氧化剂。而且废水中有机物的突变，使原被驯化好的并能降解有机毒物的微生物减少或消失。<br /> </div><div>　　2、工艺运行引起的活性污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　1、过量曝气<br /> </div><div>　　微生物处于饥饿状态而引起自身氧化进人衰老期，池中溶解氧浓度(DO)上升；或者由于污泥活性差，曝气叶轮线速度过高，供氧过多。总之，DO上升，短期内污泥活性可能很好，因为新陈代谢快，有机物分解也快，但时间一久，污泥被打得又轻又碎(但无气泡)，象雾花片似的飘满沉淀池表面，随水流走。这种污泥色浅，活性差，耗氧速率下降，污泥体积和污泥指数增高，处理效果明显降低。<br /> </div><div>　　2、缺氧、反硝化引起的污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　当废水中有机氨化合物含量高或氨氮高时，在适宜条件下可被硝酸菌和亚硝酸菌氧化为NO3-，如二沉池积泥或停留时间过长，NO3-还原产生的N2会被活性污泥絮凝体所吸附，使得活性污泥上浮。由于在二沉池或曝气不足产生的死角的地方会发生反硝化作用，使微小的氮气气泡释放出来，从而使污泥的密度减小，有利于活性污泥上浮。这种现象在二次沉淀池中表现明显，且产生的悬浮泡沫通常不稳定。<br /> </div><div>　　3、回流量太大引起的污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　回流量突增，会使气水分离不彻di，曝气池中的气泡带到沉淀区上浮，这种污泥呈颗粒状，颜色不变。<br /> </div><div>　　4、二沉池池底积泥引起的污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　如果二沉池底泥发酵，产生的CO2和H2也会附聚在活性污泥上，使污泥比重降低而上浮。污泥腐化产生CH4、H2S后卜浮，首先是一个个小气泡逸出水面，紧接着有黑色污泥上浮。<br /> </div><div>　　5、活性污泥丝状菌过量生长引起的污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　当进水N，P不足、PH太低、混合液溶解氧太低、进水波动太大等各种因素影响下，造成丝状菌和放线菌等微生物的异样生长，丝状菌的比生长速率高于了菌胶团细菌，又由于丝状菌的比表面积较大，因此，丝状菌在取得污水中BOD5物质和氧化BOD5物质所需要的氧气方面都比菌胶团细菌有利得多，结果曝气池中丝状菌成为优势菌种而大量增值，导致生物泡沫的产生。再加上这些微生物大都呈丝状或枝状，易形成网，能捕扫微粒和气泡等，并浮到水面。被丝网包围的气泡，增加了其表面的张力，使气泡不易破碎，而引起成片污泥上浮。<br /> </div><div>　　2、活性污泥上浮的控制<br /> </div><div>　　根据活性污泥上浮机理及其影响因素，可采用物理化学和生物的方法对污泥上浮进行控制。<br /> </div><div>　　1、物化方法控制泡沫<br /> </div><div>　　1、喷洒水<br /> </div><div>　　利用终水回流，喷洒的水流能打碎浮在二沉池水面的气泡及上浮污泥，以减少活性污泥的上浮。但不能根本消除污泥上浮现象，是一种常用且简便的物理方法。<br /> </div><div>　　2、调节污水pH值<br /> </div><div>　　曝气池人口设中和池及由碱池、酸池、pH检测仪、pH自动调节阀等组成的pH自动调节系统，使曝气池进水的pH值控制在要求范围内。<br /> </div><div>　　3、合理投加营养物<br /> </div><div>　　由于工业废水中营养比例失调，常常碳源充分而氮、磷等营养物不足，因此处理工业废水时须另外补加。一般以尿素和磷酸盐为氮源和磷源，但投加量不宜过量。<br /> </div><div>　　4、设置调节池<br /> </div><div>　　进水中含有过量的表面活性物质、油脂类化合物及对好氧活性污泥微生物有致毒作用的底物时，应在曝气池前设置终水回流调节池，用以稀释、调节曝气池进水中的有机物浓度，使其稳定在一定范围内，终水回流的先决条件是污水处理厂的处理能力必须大于实际进水量。<br /> </div><div>　　2、生物方法控制活性污泥上浮<br /> </div><div>　　1、增设生物选择器<br /> </div><div>　　生物选择器有好氧选择器和缺氧选择器两种，其目的就是使进入曝气池的污水先于回流污泥在其中充分混合，通过调节F/M、DO等因素，选择性的发展絮凝体形成菌，抑制丝状菌等的过度增殖。在设计选择器时，选择器需要分格设置，一般多采用4～6格；尽量提高选择器第一格的F/M值，形成F/M梯度；还要控制选择器的水力停留时间，一般为15～30分钟。<br /> </div><div>　　2、工艺的优化选择<br /> </div><div>　　活性污泥的微生物组成主要依赖于废水成分、流动形式、运行条件和适宜的设计。由于在实际处理过程中几乎难以控制废水成分，因此对运行条件进行优化选择来控制活性污泥上浮至关重要。<br /> </div><div>　　3、增加或调整曝气量<br /> </div><div>　　由于缺氧(含曝气不均匀产生的死角)或污泥中毒引起的污泥上浮可以加大曝气量，减少进水量并清除死污泥。<br /> </div><div>　　4、降低污泥龄<br /> </div><div>　　一般采用降低曝气池中污泥的停留时间，以抑制有较长生长期的放线菌的生长。有实践证明，当污泥停留时间在5～6 d时，以避免由其产生的污泥上浮问题。<br /> </div><div align="center"><img src="https://img43.hbzhan.com/9/20240806/638585595170714197980.jpg" alt="IMG_20220114_165859_副本.jpg" width="800" height="529" align="" border="0" /></div> </div> <div class="news-keyword" style="margin-bottom:20px; 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