CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e97109dfc444bb',cH: 'z0EB7mFxnFwvXlOBJDvr7wAjmQak42nbKuRH5JV5G8E-1741679223-1.2.1.1-JrYkwv1XbBWyGGWgW9s2Ki5RBpRCzyoXX5O8m5VLT_H1F.8KeS9vmulSIGZJT9bZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ayesha%20Irum&__cf_chl_tk=2DsQwNi880_YpyBmYpVSPUj3PGsCbLdopYAiXxHgmI8-1741679223-1.0.1.1-3EoWwPq2Nim2cax_jPKrShphCHR2l6YpXF61JR5sttM",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741679223',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ayesha%20Irum&__cf_chl_f_tk=2DsQwNi880_YpyBmYpVSPUj3PGsCbLdopYAiXxHgmI8-1741679223-1.0.1.1-3EoWwPq2Nim2cax_jPKrShphCHR2l6YpXF61JR5sttM",md: "_iUSXPJ_8wYti5GuQF41QEqJapurmE4.CSkEBKcy6wQ-1741679223-1.2.1.1-gVkfPJMIC_eNjHGfH5r36wdmmkY9PGdymhcV5L9P0m0kbFGv.NUge_HZdK4b1XmwqmmX1X.UYrtORhYl_3iLfCIZsFh7myknnK9Xyx3Hdwlmf4zbG5fKPwwjdK_HSvzbihq487J1t8U0kEnSLc67Sty77roiXuxR1YX7ZXgEswmwdNbyJg0VmrdKrhjQ7nHAxtZrKffjS8h_5Ydyr2piNITsA5K_F0VIh8kZXxEAbvhEcIBQ3ZGxAE3EBis12Xt6VxG3BG3DargR2o9njYwUDRsKk4AC69L693KnbE72WX4JJijmD6YdoYCQ7rgCK8Htcm3U.So2ekigOi.VaKJTd1tW0uS1U30wIkRuJAs9AIng4CDVaqN4UE8aa5MUmFu..2t_S225WjSnNk2tLCRsGqfvYvPsUqxvUZZI8MLu_rX7siu5EhRv5aWBMgdtoZCoOfLjhx8xLobZGMd9VJSlEb0VndoIxXFudUj8mndZVckV_6mVqiE.d5cD.T3kyU9sy.6OWkXT5CoQz5eqY43.HHl6OyX1ytbn2OLLwv_zD4JIKNon79Pd70sXcI8.r4Ub.DKEDPRS3f8q9ZqsDQQCE3LvQJTl.PSymnvAP0m.Ao.wzgCECgzMnOBoVn9Fqt7S1dd1SRDGjH9ch57cDDNE6u0o7rbKxPlZHPCOkZvAm8KaAMCFfbv7oPpaSlZL1MqfqgI28vI3GafT3wGTGeA3eyTmOkCBcz3qQMgSjjc0N4uyOzgO1jS_e5OZkAhBRpMos_7RgYXZL7bjW8LxeojSvdOfFo5lMhesItxMvksLMWcx9bB98rlqayY9fvJw3V67upeAPXpeFNB5FDdEdCU2edQ7o32YC8a4XANLkjoP6IQNE_PrAxtINOXrZltHqeS2KnVownW3k3PlybnAfxWeYA1g0EvzzlVTXcON4DtVJF5H3tzD4saswcDWciSlBI2LJOW8FHnNJE.DXv_HgNoxc2t5xTHUaBbqrHgdMgKvwVxgr7zTkeBn_obRIrLrY3iUi4I_EViaL9s1ZpNfeubrGAKYPa22qUpoG3DO0LnBC1L.MBwMkrYWeAZlLqI26mXuxMngJ_ZUKFx7PROaBoQk3gqJEuURInfKf3ruKfsP2jI94UWfPZVIgY5YGHDorI6wmrd5zCtMZNl3DeWTRTPB5Zj.nWseclX49ws4PzbblfhRAABrilIhMdB5iNpvEM_kYkfvmQddIZ7GIrZPMo9NhIB42fVZHjlrODOgdcWzkkVPqokf7Z6IFXyvqI1QrmhBVYbsm_jmPXyw8dMCkcEeOg",mdrd: "CQCl0m4Idbe9TjBAILqzAupoDXIC.l2p2nwdc4I8WIQ-1741679223-1.2.1.1-w0tA4mVeVMlIdQGuc167f4IwRayo3Q_FLGt0.aKhpQc30znhj0LvgEVCJZEAlE9ls9RBBVOXmSCIIF2Vj1NFZZ_Zie_LNIpP4uQq2hM4UJiYqOuc6AkTh0tlW_5t7R5DVLrqPw25gYSLaZg48iMi3SlKRHumB0si9jbq9oZ6OAtBo7Mt_7s2_scd6SA9xaPWZ3C6sbdIFoOEi6GOEzg.q7EZgDwuyu9LA8Jf6yy5rIQQkUBoMKzcq117MBYjTblPnFZP5.sc8hYShFGd.kgLW9xBriEL2qBi9gfQE47ZdVfA25e32ipFaxRsa0p7c3Qvw_szFZUocgiC1EMzMyiab6Au1laBNQiZhAF8urL0URw93BYSiwKgvFp_BXrLPHLuFwc4FSx1pxGn_ua7BKcAeefPMVaxl1uULZO28ClN_NQhFfanjuebWECtlP5ASEV3obM0ZlxgpRm8VQRQb.PWB4ApwVzHbaJbhguZMujzKAujHaxc_pxrccA4PjGBxJ8BLAV0llRD7z0nhmoUqF5C72nEImmqHcl4sATIczKndEVEHDZqXdsa4tsDnjYyDbuZ1M0sZMuYLW0eDclmparMAgsDCcePIDZXeUhFSuI84WBeCHTZrR6XS8jKvMJGZ9HMnZdcqZieNAK_wM7F0W6XGC6AWoZp5DDkd_6oiTwktR80y5AGCHwsndfwrqcY3_6G0F.FNYBV.FUN8PTHBKet52aeuaG0NL5vYE5H3L0xf5VBZuDj3fpVq3BZW05T7YYUhDMX0VfTyCeBT32xD298shFEg5TlNGBWhCL4h6YGuGGTQGnzpkqZ_IGOuQqaSFCJiOoIPI8I28RjRdIopEQp7XYyzIhsohtPMbBUYw7EcnBkvISJaazxkYRZ9su8wVG7FBgyHJGEX6yGXAUC9vJi2Y9iPjei5PS67vcyYY2rlKzHkcTGlAFZSiGR0YqW9bef79c1TQ5XZJQV2p6Sael0GP7ndsnMxP.7d4AMRNVgBX9IimBHGA70PzHb5OaI2sPjBYi9900jGAqxgsvzUzVFEzYXsec2XeBsBXEFHe0TezGNmsTWAJLiNMl_3Z2KZNKEW18AYMWNOum4pJVw.n6Qh2Ff24999Nl.3tl37dPQ_n.ZQq24qAERxAQ0PSldDVPa7OM_diDICaoS8po_OS7FC2Qum5F97lu6syHuay7UrAgYjLOo.gGJmI0HjQU2rKsntBaNvV2KRVKpGAYvoK8tZ5tXo.5TnE8genrJeNosS0EXOp2NHUtpyyFowVhs4pbQir5Qfr532pJOusHD9usOFBpi2T7.U8C7uqQzN9OWauYSX4n2pyigqINTog7.YRBR7JeOtuB3.avWB.CTbiBkhHSCY9cjovBr45IVSnhvNEMKyLwpeKaRl_8rNaOet22KKG4C4Cre69u7molS8tpzI7q7xdizAcLKO5eFMrS0p8ax2.g4KmRG87MRGV96V9Eg.9p3_aL6ns_nDpWE_W.G52tidUnXSrpSIh.7fZW6AVs_Ne91Kbt0tUNQPfxwi7kL2MEs9uRbXh307d.hH40zpyymNOvWGvQArnC_RvpbZhan2tbKTYOgDSDxLJukgzVJZHeJLziKApVBqMPKrqDwzsZNJoGS_XOwWKeS.1SxwSzwY1VrroyConCrBx1CShdoo2JWEwA4rtztom4BnyvLLvd7DjMVvaGPqcEjRG4JBkR6jUTdk2TKJtTkA_APqG_9SAMcA6udlk4D36KQOKx8hbseVgl_uRaJQs_ioO1RYeAgIE3CKGhFJPlge9A6zu8nf_5Bnmz_aOsHJMv1eUtxP6p6oD4wQl76GNbNcoIrhEAuKPjuazg43oBY.dO7v7_WFvKlP0QKzLBgdth651nkzzBxnrt3suLCph9bJdnBbvktz7LfTypxQJ2FngCVcyWlnGkVUtvdyU89KA1bC3VPebHcFoo0dqYMMxSkssr4F_zK.y8ovHsq1MY90IT5F.md"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e97109dfc444bb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ayesha%20Irum&__cf_chl_rt_tk=2DsQwNi880_YpyBmYpVSPUj3PGsCbLdopYAiXxHgmI8-1741679223-1.0.1.1-3EoWwPq2Nim2cax_jPKrShphCHR2l6YpXF61JR5sttM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>