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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unix</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 107 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="يونكس – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ইউনিক্স – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউনিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unikso" title="Unikso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unikso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="یونیکس – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونیکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4" title="유닉스 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유닉스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Յունիքս – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յունիքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="यूनिक्स – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯುನಿಕ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯುನಿಕ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lo_.uniks." title="lo .uniks. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lo .uniks." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Уникс – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уникс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="യുണിക്സ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യുണിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="युनिक्स – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युनिक्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ယူးနစ်စ် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယူးနစ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="युनिक्स् – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="युनिक्स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="යුනික්ස් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යුනික්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="یوونیکس – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یوونیکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="யுனிக்சு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யுனிக்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="యునిక్స్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యునిక్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="ยูนิกซ์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูนิกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="یونکس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unix" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="יוניקס – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יוניקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="UNIX" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Unix" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24829246">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;color:black;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Unix</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:UNIX_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/UNIX_logo.svg/250px-UNIX_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/UNIX_logo.svg/375px-UNIX_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/UNIX_logo.svg/500px-UNIX_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="50" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/250px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/375px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/500px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="thumbcaption">Unix System III kjørende på en PDP-11 simulator</div></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utvikler(e)</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kernighan" title="Brian Kernighan">Brian Kernighan</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utgitt</th><td colspan="2">1969</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5k" title="Programmeringsspråk">Skrevet i</a></th><td colspan="2"><span><span><a href="/wiki/C_(programmeringsspr%C3%A5k)" title="C (programmeringsspråk)">C</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">assembler</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Avledede systemer</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">Berkeley Software Distribution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Nettsted</th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://opengroup.org/unix">https://opengroup.org/unix</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Forgjenger</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Efterfølger</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plan_9" title="Plan 9">Plan 9</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/250px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/375px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png/500px-Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Unix System III kjørende på en PDP-11 simulator</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Unix</b> er en familie av <a href="/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem">operativsystemer</a> med opprinnelse fra <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Laboratories</a>, der utviklingen startet i 1969. Karakteristika for systemet er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portabilitet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portabilitet (ikke skrevet ennå)">portabilitet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multitasking" class="mw-disambig" title="Multitasking">multitasking</a> og støtte for mange samtidige brukere gjennom tidsdeling. Systemets egenskaper i kombinasjon med Bell Labs' åpne deling av forskning med universiteter og andre forskningsmiljøer, førte til betydelig spredning av Unix gjennom 70-tallet. </p><p>Da 16- og 32-bits <a href="/wiki/Mikroprosessor" title="Mikroprosessor">mikroprosessorer</a> ble generelt tilgjengelige tidlig på 80-tallet, var Unix det naturlige <a href="/wiki/Operativsystem" title="Operativsystem">OS</a>-valg. Det samme var tilfellet for kraftige superminimaskiner, de fleste <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a>-baserte, i andre halvdel av 80-tallet. Unix var lett å porte, anerkjent i det tekniske markedet, hadde kraftige utviklingsverktøy og bedre nettverks-støtte enn noen – det siste takket være utviklingen ved <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>), med økonomisk støtte fra det amerikanske forsvarsdepartementet (<a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">DARPA</a>). </p><p>AT&T var frem til 1982 forhindret fra å delta i IT-markedet (maskinvare og programvare) på grunn av sitt monopol i telemarkedet. Oppløsningen av telemonopolet kombinert med den store interessen for Unix gjorde det naturlig for selskapet å kommersialisere systemet og å etablere standarder for Unix-variantene som allerede var i bruk. Sprikende interesser både kommersielt og teknisk blant markeds-aktørene i markedet, gjorde imidlertid standardisering vanskelig, og la grunnlag for det som senere er blitt hetende <a href="/wiki/Unix-krigene" title="Unix-krigene">Unix-krigen</a>. Først langt ut på 90-tallet ble formelle Unix-standarder etablert. Disse standardene finnes og brukes fortsatt – ikke bare for Unix og <a href="/wiki/Unix-liknende" title="Unix-liknende">Unix-lignende</a> systemer, men for operativsystemer generelt. </p><p>Unix er også en filosofi som dokumenteres i The Unix Philosophy (1995),<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eric Raymonds The Art of Unix programming (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og i tidlige dokumenter fra utviklerne av systemet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essensen i filosofien er å lage små, oversiktlige komponenter med ansvar for én eller få oppgaver, som lett kan kombineres spontant og etter behov. Filosofien har hatt ringvirkninger til alle slags programvare-prosjekter siden, og Unix har direkte eller indirekte påvirket samtlige operativsystemer som finnes på markedet i dag.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, som i dag er verdens mest utbredte operativsystem, er en Unix klone og anerkjennes av Dennis Ritchie, en av hovedpersonene bak Unix, som en videreutviklling av Unix' filosofi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den tette idémessige koblingen mellom Linux og Unix understrekes også i 2. utgave av Mike Gancarz' 'The Unix Philosophy' som fikk ny tittel: Linux and the Unix Philosophy (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unix' historie starter med operativsystemet <i><a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a>,</i> et ambisiøst samarbeidsprosjekt mellom <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laboratories" title="Bell Laboratories">Bell Labs</a> og <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>. Arbeidet med Multics gikk sakte fordi ambisjonene overgikk kapasiteten til datidens datamaskiner, og Bell Labs trakk seg fra prosjektet i 1969. Unix ble på mange måter en motreaksjon på kompleksiteten i Multics, og tok samtidig med en rekke gode ideer og erfaringer fra systemet. <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a> - på søken etter nye prosjekter etter frikoblingen fra Multics - fikk tilgang til en avlagt PDP-7 minimaskin og utviklet først et spill, 'space travel'. Deretter startet han eksperimenter med algoritmer for optimalisering av lese/skrive-hastighet mot disk (lagringsenhet). Eksperimentene foregikk via stadig mer sofistikerte programmer, og på et tidspunkt oppdaget Thompson at han var 'tre trinn unna et operativsystem'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tre uker senere, på sensommeren 1969, var et enkelt operativsystem – med <a href="/wiki/Filsystem" title="Filsystem">filsystem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teksteditor" title="Teksteditor">teksteditor</a> og <a href="/wiki/Assembler" title="Assembler">assembler</a> – i gang og forløperen til Unix et faktum. </p><p>De første brukerne – aller først <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis M. Ritchie</a>, deretter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_McIlroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas McIlroy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Douglas McIlroy</a>, Bob Morris, Joe Ossanna og <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kernighan" title="Brian Kernighan">Brian Kernighan</a>, ble også de viktigste bidragsyterne til det som senere er blitt kalt Unix V1, versjon 1. Bell Labs hadde – etter datidens målestokk – store datamaskin-ressurser tilgjengelige for alle forskere. Thompsons system frihet imidlertid mer fordi det ga full kontroll. Det kunne skape sitt eget utviklingsmiljø. Penger til ny maskin fikk de imidlertid ikke. Ledelsen hadde brent seg på Multics og holdningen var at 'vi driver ikke med operativsystemer'. </p><p>Bell Labs er ofte blitt kalt 'The Idea Factory'<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller 'Invention Factory',<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og 'produserte' store mengder patentsøknader. Patentavdelingen var på jakt etter tekniske hjelpemidler og gruppen rundt Thompson endret strategi: I samarbeid med patentavdelingen søkte de om penger til å utvikle et system for produksjon av patentsøknader. Søknaden ble innvilget, en PDP-11/20 maskin ble anskaffet, Thompson og Ritchie konverterte verktøyene til den nye arkitekturen, og Ossanna utviklet 'nroff' som formaterte pantentsøknader. I 2. halvdel av 1971 jobbet maskinskrivere fra pantentavdelingen full tid på systemet, mens operativsystem-utviklerne overtok etter arbeidstid. </p><p>For patentavdelingen var det nye systemet en revolusjon som kvalifiserte ytterligere investeringer, og Unix-gruppen fikk sin egen PDP-11/45 maskin, betydelig kraftigere enn den første, senere i 1971 (bildet). Dermed kunne utviklingen foregå på full tid, og det som i dag kalles Unix V1 ('first edition') var et faktum i november samme år. Et komplett flerbruker, tidsdelingssystem med over 60 kommandoer, inklusive <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> <a href="/wiki/Kompilator" title="Kompilator">kompilator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Debugger">debugger</a> og en rekke <a href="/wiki/Systemverkt%C3%B8y" title="Systemverktøy">systemverktøy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Påfølgende sommer kom V2 ('second edition'), som blant annet introduserte programmeringsspråket <a href="/wiki/Programmeringsspr%C3%A5ket_C" title="Programmeringsspråket C">C</a>. </p><p>I løpet av 1973 ble det meste av operativsystemet og alle verktøy omskrevet til C,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en endring som la grunnlaget for Unix' portabilitet. Endringen ble en del av 'fourth edition', tilgjengelig i november 1973. Ytterligere versjoner fulgte i 1974, 1975 og V7 i 1979. V6 og V7 ble startpunkt for en rekke avleggere og kommersielle varianter av Unix, </p><p>Unix ble utviklet for en annen målgruppe enn tidligere operativsystemer: Et utviklingsmiljø – for utviklere. Uten noen form for formalisering leverte Unix en filosofi som endret holdningen til og oppfatningen av operativsystemer for all fremtid, som forfatter Mike Gancartz beskriver boken The Unix Philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Før UNIX var operativsystemene rigide og uoversiktlige, mens programmer ble tunge og komplekse fordi de forsøkte å gjøre alt selv. Unix-filosofien var den motsatte – la hvert program gjøre én ting godt og deretter koble sammen programmer med såkalte 'pipes' til å dekke større oppgaver. </p><p>Akademiske miljøer plukket opp Unix med stor entusiasme utover 1970-tallet, takket være Bell Labs' åpne delingspolitikk. De samme miljøene leverte viktige bidrag tilbake til systemet og Bell Labs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spesielt viktig ble utviklingen ved og samarbeidet med <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">UCB</a>, University of California Berkeley, som en periode også utvekslet gjesteforskere mellom sine Unix-grupper. </p><p><a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-disambig" title="BSD">BSD</a>-utgavene av Unix økte spredningen ytterligere, både i akademiske og kommersielle miljøer. Spesielt ble 4.2BSD for <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital</a>s <a href="/wiki/VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a>-maskiner en milepæl – med 32 biters arkitektur, virtuell hukommelse, raskere filsystem og <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> støtte. Denne og etterfølgende utgaver fra Berkeley sammen med en rekke nye 32 biters mikroprosessorer, trigget en strøm av nye Unix-systemer på 80-tallet, både arbeidsstasjoner og mini/superminimaskiner. 4.2BSD (1983) og senere senere 4.3BSD (1986) leverte portabilitet, effektivitet og tilfang av verktøy gjorde terskelen lav for nye leverandører på markedet. Operativsystemet var blitt tilnærmet hyllevare - for leverandørsiden, en milepæl som bidro til at 4.3BSD Unix 10 år senere ble kalt 'The Greatest Software Ever Written' av magasinet Information Week.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Krig_og_standarder">Krig og standarder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Krig og standarder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Krig og standarder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AT&T, som eide Bell Labs og dermed rettighetene til Unix, kom på banen i 1982 med etableringen av datterselskapet Unix System Group (USG) med formål å kommersialisere Unix. Kort tid etter ble <a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_III" title="UNIX System III">Unix System III</a> lansert, med et omfattende lisensieringsregime, bred dokumentasjon og kommersiell støtte fra USG, primært i forbindelse med porting til nye arkitekturer. Unix System III virket imidlertid gammelmodig i forhold til BSD Unix, og manglet mange av egenskapene nye aktører på markedet var interesserte i, for eksempel TCP/IP-støtte og virtuell hukommelse. Ett år senere, i 1983, kom Unix System V – med mange forbedringer, spesielt på nettverkstiden, men fortsatt teknisk tilbakestående i forhold til BSD.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like fullt ble AT&T av mange kommersielle aktører oppfattet som den solide utviklingspartneren de manglet bak BSD, og det oppsto to leire – BSD kontra System V. Første del av den såkalte <a href="/wiki/Unix-krigene" title="Unix-krigene">Unix-krigen</a> var i gang. Krigen rullet i flere runder, med ulike aktører på hver av sidene, og kulminerte med etableringen av <a href="/w/index.php?title=COSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="COSE (ikke skrevet ennå)">COSE</a> (Common Open Software Environment) i 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1996 kom en ytterligere opprydding da to av stridens hovedaktører, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSF (ikke skrevet ennå)">OSF</a> og <a href="/wiki/X/Open" title="X/Open">X/Open</a>, slo seg sammen til <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a>. </p><p>I mellomtiden hadde eierskapet til både Unix som system og varemerke gjennomgått flere bytter. AT&T solgte Unix-virksomheten (USG) til <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> i <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som i sin tur overførte rettighetene til Unix som varemerke til standard- og interesseorganisasjonen X/Open. Året etter presenterte X/Open <a href="/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification" title="Single UNIX Specification">Single Unix Specification</a>, den første reelle Unix-standarden. Etter at OSF og X/Open slo seg sammen i 1996 og avsluttet Unix-krigen, ble standarden interessant i praksis, og leverandører kunne sertifisere sine systemer som 'Unix 98'.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Single UNIX Specification er per 2018 i sin fjerde utgave (UNIX 04) – en omfattende standard ratifisert av både <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> og <a href="/wiki/Den_internasjonale_standardiseringsorganisasjonen" title="Den internasjonale standardiseringsorganisasjonen">ISO</a>, og en kravspesifikasjon som definerer hvilke krav et operativsystem må tilfredsstille for at det skal kunne kalles Unix. Ingen Linux-distribusjoner er UNIX-sertifisert, og heller ingen av de åpne *BSD-systemene, selv om terskelen for slik sertifisering i teknisk forstand er lav. Hovedårsaken er snarere kostnadene forbundet med slik sertifisering og regimene som må innføres for å sikre at endringer holdes innenfor rammene sertifisering setter. Darwin, som er én av disse variantene og basis for Apples MacOS system, er UNIX 03 kompatibel, men ikke sertifisert. </p><p>Nettopp MacOS er det mest utbredte av sertifiserte UNIX 03 operativsystemer i dag er <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, og også den første BSD-variant med slik sertifisering. Andre kjente kommersielle UNIX distribusjoner med UNIX 03 sertifisering er <a href="/wiki/AIX" title="AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operativsystem)" title="Solaris (operativsystem)">Solaris</a>. IBMs AIX var først ute med sertifisering etter UNIX 04 standarden.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viktige_egenskaper">Viktige egenskaper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Viktige egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Viktige egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I ettertid er det bred enighet om at den underliggende filosofien var Unix' viktigste suksessfaktor. '<i>Small is beautiful'</i> og '<i>keep it simple</i>' manifesterer seg som bærende elementer på alle nivåer og er markant forskjellig fra andre samtidige operativsystemer. Filsystemet er et godt eksempel. Mens andre operativsystemer hadde mange typer filer – tekst, kode, rå data, strukturerte data, bilder, databaser etc., hadde Unix intet forhold til filenes innhold. Sett fra systemets side var enhver fil en 'strøm av bytes', og programmene som brukte dataene kunne tolke dem slik det passet. Dermed kunne alle verktøy i prinsippet behandle alle filer uten spesialtilfeller, en fleksibilitet som til tider ga overraskende resultater og spennende dynamikk.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Ikke minst i forbindelse med det såkalte <a href="/wiki/Unix-skall" title="Unix-skall">skallet</a>, kommandolinje-tolken, kom denne dynamikken til uttrykk. Et tekst-orientert grensesnitt mellom bruker og system som leser kommandoer og utfører dem – og leverer muligheten til å kjede dem via det som senere er blitt kjent som 'standard input/output'. Disse enkle egenskapene gjorde skallet til et programmerings-språk i seg selv, som automatisk ble utvidet hver gang et nytt program ble laget. Brian Kernighan skriver:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p><i>The user-level programmable shell, with control-flow statements and easy I/O redirection, made it possible to program by using programs as building blocks.</i></p></blockquote><p>Unix ble ofte kritisert for å være lite brukervennlig, en kritikk som går direkte på skallet, brukergrensesnittet, som det etterhvert ble mange varianter av. Denne kritikken blir av Mike Gancarz<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> parkert som meningsløs: </p><blockquote><p><i>The entire UNIX philosophy revolves around the idea that the user knows what he is doing.</i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gancarz, Mike (1995). <i>The Unix Philosophy</i>. Newton, MA: Digital Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1-55558-123-4" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/1-55558-123-4">1-55558-123-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Gancarz&rft.btitle=The+Unix+Philosophy&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-55558-123-4&rft.place=Newton%2C+MA&rft.pub=Digital+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Raymond, Eric (2003). <i>The Art of Unix Programming</i>. USA: Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-13-142901-9" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-13-142901-9">0-13-142901-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Unix+Programming&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-142901-9&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kernighan, Ritchie, Thompson; m.fl. (juli–august 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bstj57-6-1899">«The UNIX Time Sharing System»</a>. <i>Bell System Technical Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=The+UNIX+Time+Sharing+System&rft.au=Kernighan%2C+Ritchie%2C+Thompson&rft.date=1978-07%2F1978-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bell+System+Technical+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbstj57-6-1899&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Eksplisitt_bruk_av_m.fl." title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl.">link</a>)CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Salus, Peter H. (1994). «Introduction». <i>A Quarter Century of Unix</i>. USA: Addison-Wesley. s. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-201-54777-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-201-54777-5">0-201-54777-5</a>. «The result is that Unix has influenced every operating system on sale today.»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft.aulast=Salus&rft.btitle=A+Quarter+Century+of+Unix&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-201-54777-5&rft.pages=1&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/July1999/article79.html">«Interviews : Interview with Dennis M. Ritchie»</a>. <i>www.linuxfocus.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Interviews+%3A+Interview+with+Dennis+M.+Ritchie&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.linuxfocus.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxfocus.org%2FEnglish%2FJuly1999%2Farticle79.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gancarz, Mike (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/162594853"><i>Linux and the Unix philosophy</i></a>. Amsterdam: Digital Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-08-051034-7" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-08-051034-7">978-0-08-051034-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/162594853">162594853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Gancarz&rft.btitle=Linux+and+the+Unix+philosophy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-08-051034-7&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Digital+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F162594853&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F162594853&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kernighan, Brian W. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1125982089"><i>Unix : a history and a memoir</i></a>. [Seattle, Washington?]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-6959-7855-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-6959-7855-3">978-1-6959-7855-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1125982089">1125982089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&rft.aulast=Kernighan&rft.btitle=Unix+%3A+a+history+and+a+memoir&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-6959-7855-3&rft.place=%5BSeattle%2C+Washington%3F%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1125982089&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1125982089&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hicks, Jesse (21. mars 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2012/3/21/2887206/jon-gertner-idea-factory-bell-labs-great-american-age-innovation-book-review">«<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>The Idea Factory': How Bell Labs invented the future»</a>. <i>The Verge</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=%27The+Idea+Factory%27%3A+How+Bell+Labs+invented+the+future&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.date=2012-03-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2012%2F3%2F21%2F2887206%2Fjon-gertner-idea-factory-bell-labs-great-american-age-innovation-book-review&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nast, Condé (21. november 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1931/11/28/invention-factory">«Bell Labs: The Invention Factory»</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Bell+Labs%3A+The+Invention+Factory&rft.aufirst=Cond%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Nast&rft.date=1931-11-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1931%2F11%2F28%2Finvention-factory&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Salus, Peter H. (1994). «Introduction». <i>A Quarter Century of Unix</i>. USA: Addison-Wesley. s. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-201-54777-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-201-54777-5">0-201-54777-5</a>. «The result is that Unix has influenced every operating system on sale today.»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft.aulast=Salus&rft.btitle=A+Quarter+Century+of+Unix&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-201-54777-5&rft.pages=1&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kernighan, Ritchie, Thompson; m.fl. (juli–august 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bstj57-6-1899">«The UNIX Time Sharing System»</a>. <i>Bell System Technical Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=The+UNIX+Time+Sharing+System&rft.au=Kernighan%2C+Ritchie%2C+Thompson&rft.date=1978-07%2F1978-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bell+System+Technical+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbstj57-6-1899&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Eksplisitt_bruk_av_m.fl." title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl.">link</a>)CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gancarz, Mike (1995). <i>The Unix Philosophy</i>. Newton, MA: Digital Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1-55558-123-4" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/1-55558-123-4">1-55558-123-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Gancarz&rft.btitle=The+Unix+Philosophy&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-55558-123-4&rft.place=Newton%2C+MA&rft.pub=Digital+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mymayday.com/rettpaa/2006/greatest-software-written/">«The greatest software ever written - myMAYDAY.com»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.btitle=The+greatest+software+ever+written+-+myMAYDAY.com&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mymayday.com%2Frettpaa%2F2006%2Fgreatest-software-written%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Skrivervik, Helge (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1028323317"><i>Driftshåndbok for Unix BSD.</i></a> [Oslo]: Yrkesopplæring. s. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-585-0699-4" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-585-0699-4">82-585-0699-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1028323317">1028323317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Helge&rft.aulast=Skrivervik&rft.btitle=Driftsh%C3%A5ndbok+for+Unix+BSD.&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-585-0699-4&rft.pages=13&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=Yrkesoppl%C3%A6ring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1028323317&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028323317&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">«Detente: Databransjens Berlinmur faller med COSE og UNIX-freden». <i>Mellvik-Rapporten</i>. 1: 3–13. November 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Detente%3A+Databransjens+Berlinmur+faller+med+COSE+og+UNIX-freden&rft.date=1993-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mellvik-Rapporten&rft.pages=3-13&rft.volume=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/12/21/Novell-to-buy-ATT-computing-lab-for-350-million-in-stock/5090724914000/">«Novell to buy AT&T computing lab for $350 million in stock - UPI Archives»</a>. <i>UPI</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Novell+to+buy+AT%26amp%3BT+computing+lab+for+%24350+million+in+stock+-+UPI+Archives&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1992%2F12%2F21%2FNovell-to-buy-ATT-computing-lab-for-350-million-in-stock%2F5090724914000%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.org/version2/unix98.html">«The Single UNIX® Specification, Version 2 and UNIX 98»</a>. The Open Group. 3. januar 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.btitle=The+Single+UNIX%C2%AE+Specification%2C+Version+2+and+UNIX+98&rft.date=1998-01-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Open+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funix.org%2Fversion2%2Funix98.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/xv7.htm">«Open Brand»</a>. <i>www.opengroup.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 31. januar 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.atitle=Open+Brand&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opengroup.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opengroup.org%2Fopenbrand%2Fregister%2Fxv7.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-19"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kernighan, Brian W. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1125982089"><i>Unix : a history and a memoir</i></a>. [Seattle, Washington?]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-6959-7855-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-6959-7855-3">978-1-6959-7855-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1125982089">1125982089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AUnix&rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&rft.aulast=Kernighan&rft.btitle=Unix+%3A+a+history+and+a+memoir&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-6959-7855-3&rft.place=%5BSeattle%2C+Washington%3F%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1125982089&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1125982089&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">UNIX System V</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unix&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opengroup.org/unix">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unix" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Unix">Unix</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/386BSD" title="386BSD">386BSD</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Unix_Share_Accounting_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Unix Share Accounting Method">Australian Unix Share Accounting Method</a> (AUSAM)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIX" title="AIX">AIX</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CB_UNIX" title="CB UNIX">CB UNIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coherent" title="Coherent">Coherent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_OS" title="Chrome OS">Chrome OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operativsystem)" title="Darwin (operativsystem)">Darwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domain/OS" title="Domain/OS">Domain/OS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly 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title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris_for_System_z" title="OpenSolaris for System z">OpenSolaris for System z</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PC-UX" title="PC-UX">PC-UX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PC-UX/V" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-UX/V">PC-UX/V</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_9" title="Plan 9">Plan 9</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PWB/UNIX" title="PWB/UNIX">PWB/UNIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO_OpenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="SCO OpenServer">SCO UNIX/SCO Open Desktop/SCO OpenServer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SINIX" title="SINIX">SINIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operativsystem)" title="Solaris (operativsystem)">Solaris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPARC64/OS" title="SPARC64/OS">SPARC64/OS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(operativsystem)" title="Sprite 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