CINXE.COM

Research & Outlook

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=7YQSqjSh" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.worldbank.org:80/en/research","20151207095014","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1449481814"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <title> Research &amp; Outlook</title> <script> if (top != self) { alert('The URL '+self.location.href+' cannot be viewed inside a frame. You will be redirected.'); window.location = "https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://message.worldbank.org/www-ext-404.html"; } </script> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/wbg-favicon.png" type="image/png"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta property="og:title" content=" Research &amp; Outlook"/> <meta property="og:description" content=""/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/sharing-wb-logo-clear.png"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/sharing-wb-logo-clear.png"/> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="language" content="en"/> <script> if (top != self) { alert('The URL '+self.location.href+' cannot be viewed inside a frame. You will be redirected.'); window.location = "https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://message.worldbank.org/www-ext-404.html"; } </script> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/bootstrap-overwrite.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/custom.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/media-query.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/ie10-higher.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/firefox-solution.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/overwrite.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/owl.carousel.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/overwrite.owl.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/tweetable.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014cs_/http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800&amp;subset=latin,cyrillic-ext,greek-ext,latin-ext,cyrillic,vietnamese" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <div class="headeriframe script_embedcode"> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014js_/https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <!--<script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/clientlibs/granite/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/clientlibs/granite/utils.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/clientlibs/granite/jquery/granite.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/clientlibs/foundation/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/designs/wbr/picturefill-clientlibs.js"></script> --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/removebottomborder.js"></script> <!--[if IE]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/ie9-and-up.css" /> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript"> // Instructions: please embed this snippet directly into every page in your website template. // For optimal performance, this must be embedded directly into the template, not referenced //as an external file. // Answers Cloud Services Embed Script v1.02 // DO NOT MODIFY BELOW THIS LINE ***************************************** (function (g) {var d = document, i, am = d.createElement('script'), h = d.head || d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],aex = { "src": "//web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://gateway.answerscloud.com/worldbank-org/production/gateway.min.js", "type": "text/javascript", "async": "true", "data-vendor": "acs", "data-role": "gateway" };for (var attr in aex) { am.setAttribute(attr,aex[attr]); }h.appendChild(am); g['acsReady'] = function () {var aT = '__acsReady__', args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0),k = setInterval(function () {if (typeof g[aT] === 'function') {clearInterval(k);for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {g[aT].call(g, function(fn) { return function() { setTimeout(fn, 1) };}(args[i]));}}}, 50);}; })(window); // DO NOT MODIFY ABOVE THIS LINE ***************************************** </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var WorldBank = {lang: 'en'}; acsReady(function() { ForeSee.CPPS.set('S_channel variable:','DEC DEC EXT'); ForeSee.CPPS.set('s.prop26 variable:','research~na'); }); </script> </head> <body> <link href="/web/20151207095014cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/home-banner.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script> function wb_survey_yes(url) { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#survey').hide(); window.open(url,'_blank'); } function wb_note_setcookie(cname, cvalue, exdays) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires; } </script> <script>jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var wb_note = document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)wb_note\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/, '$1'); if(wb_note != 1) { $("#banner").show(); $('.delete_icon a').click(function() { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#banner').hide(); }); } });</script> <div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="navbar-brand logo-img hidden-xs"><img title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wb-header-en.svg" class="img-responsive"> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="navbar-brand hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><img title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wb-header-en.svg" class="img-responsive"></a> <div class="navbar-text hidden-sm hidden-xs">Working for a World Free of Poverty</div> </div> <div class="menu"> <span id="navbar-id" data-target="#navbar-collapse1" data-toggle="collapse" type="button" class="dropdown-toggle hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"> <img id="img-id-nav" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/img/mobile-menu-lines.png" data-swap="/content/dam/wbr/img/mobile-menu-x.png" class="menu-img" alt="menubartoggle"/> </span> </div> <div class=" header-social-box"> <div class="social-icon hidden-xs"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.facebook.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://instagram.com/worldbank/" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-instagram.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-linkedln.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://live.worldbank.org/connect"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" title="Connect"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Connect</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="g01v1-lang" id="lang_togg_wbr"> <ul> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="dropdown-toggle hidden-xs" data-toggle="dropdown">English<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="dropdown-toggle hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm" data-toggle="dropdown">EN<i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.bancomundial.org/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.banquemondiale.org/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.albankaldawli.org/">عربي</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/eca/russian/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org.cn/Chinese/">中文</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/languages">View All »</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function submit_search_form() { var global_qvalue = document.getElementById('qterm_id').value; document.getElementById("hiddensearchId").action ="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://search.worldbank.org/all" + "?qterm=" + global_qvalue; document.getElementById("hiddensearch_id_txt").value = global_qvalue; document.getElementById("hiddensearchId").submit(); return false; } function clearField( field ) { if(field.value==field.defaultValue) field.value=''; } </script> <!-- (F02v1) Global Search Starts --> <div class="main-search hidden-xs"> <form name="hiddensearch" id="hiddensearchId" action="" method="get" style="display:none"> <input id="hiddensearch_id_txt" type="hidden" size="15" name="qterm" label="searchtexthidden" title="searchtexthidden"/> </form> <form name="search" method="get" role="search" id="search_global" onsubmit="return submit_search_form();"> <input id="qterm_id" type="search" size="15" name="qterm_test" placeholder="Search" onfocus="clearField(this)" label="searchtext" title="searchtext"/> <a class="serch-icon" title="Search" href="javascript:submit_search_form();"> <img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/icon-search-black.png" alt="#"> </a> </form> </div> <!-- (F02v1) Global Search Ends --> </div> <div id="navbar-collapse1" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <script type="text/javascript"> function submit_search_form_mobile() { var global_qvalue = document.getElementById('qterm_id_mobile').value; document.getElementById("hiddensearchIdMobile").action ="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://search.worldbank.org/all" + "?qterm=" + global_qvalue; document.getElementById("hiddensearch_id_txt_mobile").value = global_qvalue; document.getElementById("hiddensearchIdMobile").submit(); return false; } </script> <form name="hiddensearch" id="hiddensearchIdMobile" action="" method="get"> <input id="hiddensearch_id_txt_mobile" type="hidden" size="15" name="qterm" label="searchtextmobile" title="searchtextmobile"/> </form> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm" role="search" name="search" method="get" id="search_form_global_mobile" onsubmit="return submit_search_form_mobile();"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown" placeholder="Search" name="qterm_test" id="qterm_id_mobile"> <a class="f02v4-search-box" title="Search" href="javascript:submit_search_form_mobile();"><span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span></a> </div> </form> <div class="g03v1_topnavigation"> <div class="clearfix"></div> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/home-icon.svg" title="Home" alt="Home"></a></li> <li class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/">Home</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li><a class="active" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://einstitute.worldbank.org/ei/">Learning</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/projects">Projects &amp; Operations</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/?lang=en">Publications</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country">Countries</a></li> <li><a class="" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Topics</a></li> </ul> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbar-header visible-print-block"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="navbar-brand logo-img hidden-xs"><img title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wb-header-en.svg" class="img-responsive"> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="navbar-brand hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><img title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wb-header-en.svg" class="img-responsive"></a> <div class="navbar-text hidden-sm hidden-xs">Working for a World Free of Poverty</div> </div> <div class="g01v1-this-page-in"> <div class=" container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-5 col-sm-6"> <div class="breadcrumb_wbr wb_breadcrumb"> <div class="g04v1-text"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class=""> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-7 col-sm-6"> <div class="f01v2_language_toggler lang"> <!--Language Toggler Starts --> <!--Language Toggler Ends --> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#lang-click").click(function(){ $("#lang-drop").toggle(); }); }); $(document).on('click', function (e) { if ($(e.target).closest("#lang-click").length === 0) { $("#lang-drop").hide(); } }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="parsys titlepar"><div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="col-md-12 " id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="title section"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="c01v1-page-title"> Research &amp; Outlook</div> </div> </div> <!-- script for showing parent page link in title --> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { var mobileAnchorLabel = $('li a[data-device=mobile].active').html(); var mobileAnchorLink = $('li a[data-device=mobile].active').attr('href'); console.log("mobileAnchorLabel::"+mobileAnchorLabel); console.log("mobileAnchorLink::"+mobileAnchorLink); if (typeof mobileAnchorLabel != "undefined" && mobileAnchorLink != 'undefined') { //var parentLink = $('.n01v1-nav-list-sub').closest('.n01v1-nav-list-main li').children('a').attr('href'); //var parentLabel = $('.n01v1-nav-list-sub').closest('.n01v1-nav-list-main li').children('a').html(); var parentLink = $('.n01v1-nav-list-main li a').attr('href'); var parentLabel = $('.n01v1-nav-list-main li a').html(); if(typeof parentLink != "undefined" && typeof parentLabel != "undefined") { console.log("parent data:"+ parentLink +"::"+ parentLabel); var pageTitle = $('.c01v1-page-title').html(); if (typeof pageTitle != "undefined") { var parentPageTitle = "<h5 class='mrg-t-10 font hidden-lg hidden-md'>"+ "<a href='"+parentLink+"'>"+parentLabel+"</a></h5>"; $('.c01v1-page-title').before(parentPageTitle); } } } }); </script> <!-- script for showing parent page link in title end --> <style> .mrg-15{margin-bottom:-15px;} </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="c01v1_common_banner section"> <div class="c01v1-country-banner "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-9"> <div class="c01v1-country-banner-text hide-border"> The Development Economics Group (DEC) increases understanding of development policies and programs by providing intellectual leadership and analytical services to the World Bank and the wider development community. DEC is the premier research and data arm of the World Bank. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/_0,,contentMDK_20279993~menuPK:477172~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">Read More »</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 hidden-xs "> <div class="c01v1-banner-link"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24447367/research-work-2015-turning-insight-impact">Assessing the impact of research</a></li><li><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/brief/donors-funding-research">Donors funding research</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div class="par parsys"><div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-lg-4" id=""> <div class=" center-right-border"> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:20px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="section embedcode"> <div class="embed "> <div class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm mrg-b-25"> <h6>SEARCH</h6> <!-- Search box start --> <div class="clearfix"> <form name="searchformProjectsDBMobile" method="post" action="javascript:doProjectsDBSearchMobile(&quot;&quot;)" id="research_formMobile"> <input type="hidden" class="researchHiddenMobile" value="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"/> <input type="text" class="form-control mrg-b-15" name="searchTxtMobile" placeholder="Enter Search" onfocus="clearField(this)"> <a class="f02v4-search-box" href="javascript:doProjectsDBSearchMobile(&quot;&quot;)"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/search-icon-box.png" alt="#"></a> <h6>Browse by</h6> <div class="search-box mrg-b-15"> <div class="btn-group country-group"> <button type="button" class="form-control btn btn-default chose-country dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="left-nav-arrow-box"></span> <span class="filter-option pull-left" data-spancategoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"> Global Development Finance</span> </button> <ul class="country-dropdown dropdown-menu rsrchmobile-dropdown" role="menu" id="drop-mobile"> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"><a>Global Development Finance</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520Economic%2520Prospects?colT=Global%2520Economic%2520Prospects"><a>Global Economic Prospects</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520monitoring%2520report?colT=Global%2520monitoring%2520report"><a>Global Monitoring Report</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/A%2520World%2520Bank%2520policy%2520research%2520report?colT=A%2520World%2520Bank%2520policy%2520research%2520report"><a>Policy Research Reports</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Policy%20Research%20working%20paper%20series?colT=Policy%20Research%20working%20paper%20series"><a>Policy Research Working Papers</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/World%2520Development%2520Indicators?colT=World%2520Development%2520Indicators%3E"><a>World Development Indicators</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/World%2520Development%2520Report?colT=World%2520Development%2520Report"><a>World Development Reports</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </form> <!-- Search box end --> </div> <hr style="margin-top:22px;margin-bottom:25px"> </div> <script> document.onkeypress=submithandler; function submithandler(event){ key=window.event.keyCode; if(key == 13) document.searchformProjectsDBMobile.button.click(); } $(document).ready(function() { $('.rsrchmobile-dropdown li').click(function(){ var countryName = $(this).text(); $(this).parent().parent().parent().find(".filter-option").html(countryName); var countryLink = $(this).data('categoryurl'); $(this).parent().parent().parent().find(".filter-option").data('spancategoryurl',countryLink); $('.researchHiddenMobile').val(countryLink); //$( "#research_formMobile").submit(); }); }); function doProjectsDBSearchMobile(strActionURL){ var trimText = trim(document.searchformProjectsDBMobile.searchTxtMobile.value);console.log("trimText mobile::"+trimText); //var option = $('.filter-option').data('spancategoryurl'); var option = $('.researchHiddenMobile').val(); if(strActionURL == ''){currentURL = option;}else{currentURL = strActionURL ;}if(currentURL.indexOf('@@')!=-1){newURL = currentURL.substring(0,currentURL.indexOf('@@'));newURL = newURL + encodeURIComponent(trimText);targetURL = newURL + currentURL.substring(eval(currentURL.indexOf('@@')+2),currentURL.length);}else{var url=currentURL; var urlFirstPart; var urlSecondPart; var targetURL; var urlAppend; if(url.indexOf(',00.html') != -1) { urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlAppend="searchTxt:"+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0) urlAppend=urlAppend+'~'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; } else { urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('?')+1); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('?')+1); urlAppend="searchTxt="+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0) urlAppend=urlAppend+'&'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; } } window.location.href=targetURL;}function trim(text) { var endIndex = text.length - 1;var isSpace = true;var startIndex = 0;while (isSpace && startIndex < text.length){isSpace = text.charAt(startIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) startIndex++;}isSpace = true;while (isSpace && endIndex >= startIndex){isSpace = text.charAt(endIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) endIndex--;}return text.substring(startIndex,endIndex + 1);} </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 " id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="section embedcode"> <div class="embed "> <div class="image-holding" class=" clearfix"> <div id="cq-image-jsp-/content/research/landing/en/jcr:content/par/gridlayout/grid_4_par_0/gridlayout/grid_12_par_0/image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/12/08/social-observatory"><img class="img-responsive image-width" title="The Social Observatory" alt="The Social Observatory" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/780x439_social_observatory_postcard.jpg"/></a> </div> </div> <br/> </div> </div> <div class="n02v11_list_navigation section"> <div class="n02v11 clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <ul><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/12/08/social-observatory">The Social Observatory: Developing a Science of Adaptive Delivery</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Vijayendra Rao draws on impact evaluations and in-depth long-term qualitative research to show the “how and why” of livelihoods interventions and describes a new technique to empower communities with data.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li></ul></div> <script> $(document).on('click', '#n02v11_listnav', function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 " id=""> <hr class="hr-top"> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="n02v11_list_navigation section"> <div class="n02v11 clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <ul><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/11/10/annual-bank-conference-on-development-economics-2016-data-and-development"><img style="height:62px; width:110px;" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Event/DEC/ABCDE/ABCDE%202016/ABCDE%202016%20Data%20and%20Development.jpg" alt="Image" title="Call for Papers: Annual Bank Conference for Development Economics (Deadline Feb.29, 2016)"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/11/10/annual-bank-conference-on-development-economics-2016-data-and-development">Call for Papers: Annual Bank Conference for Development Economics (Deadline Feb.29, 2016)</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">The ABCDE Organizing Committee is issuing a call for papers using novel data and/or empirical methods to address issues relevant to development.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/27/doing-business-report-finds-more-than-60-of-worlds-economies-improved-their-business-rules-in-past-year"><img style="height:62px; width:110px;" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/DB16_Photo_LAC.jpg" alt="Image" title="Most of World’s Economies Improved Business Rules in Past Year"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/10/27/doing-business-report-finds-more-than-60-of-worlds-economies-improved-their-business-rules-in-past-year">Most of World’s Economies Improved Business Rules in Past Year</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Doing Business 2016 finds that 85 developing economies implemented 169 business reforms, compared with 154 reforms in the year prior.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li></ul></div> <script> $(document).on('click', '#n02v11_listnav', function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); }); </script> </div> <hr> <div class="n02v11_list_navigation section"> <div class="n02v11 clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <h6>Tools</h6><ul><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/apps">Mobile Data Apps</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">For iOS and Android </span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><div id="n02v11-content"> <h4 class="sub mrg-b-3">ADePT</h4> <span class="n02v11-blurb-text"> Software platform for automated economic analysis</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,contentMDK:22717188~menuPK:538204~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:476883~isCURL:Y,00.html">iSimulate</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Platform for performing macroeconomic simulations</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://iresearch.worldbank.org/povcalnet">PovCalNet</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Poverty Analysis Tool assess global poverty incidence figures</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTPROGRAMS/EXTPOVRES/0,,contentMDK:22717057~menuPK:7436104~pagePK:64168182~piPK:64168060~theSitePK:477894,00.html">PovMap</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Provides computational solutions to poverty mapping activities</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTPROGRAMS/EXTCOMPTOOLS/0,,contentMDK:23426734~pagePK:64168182~piPK:64168060~theSitePK:8213597,00.html">CAPI</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Software for conducting complex surveys with dynamic structures using tablet devices</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li></ul></div> <script> $(document).on('click', '#n02v11_listnav', function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); }); </script> </div> <hr> <div class="n02v11_list_navigation section"> <div class="n02v11 clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <h6>Journals &amp; Digest</h6><ul><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/ "><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/About/people/journal1.jpg" alt="Image" title="journal1.jpg"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/ ">More than one way to empower a woman</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Article by Mayra Buvinić and Rebecca Furst-Nichols. </span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/About/people/journal2.jpg" alt="Image" title="journal2.jpg"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/">Should mass deworming be subsidized?</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Article by Amrita Ahuja, Sarah Baird, Joan Hamory Hicks, Michael Kremer, Edward Miguel and Shawn Powers.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/world-bank-research-digest"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/research_digest.jpg" alt="Image" title="research_digest.jpg"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/world-bank-research-digest">Climate Change and Rural Livelihoods in Bangladesh.</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Article by Susmita Dasgupta, Md. Moqbul Hossain, Mainul Huq, and David Wheeler.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li></ul></div> <script> $(document).on('click', '#n02v11_listnav', function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 col-sm-6 col-lg-5" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_5_par_1"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 " id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="section embedcode"> <div class="embed "> <div class="hidden-xs"> <h6>SEARCH</h6> <!-- Search box start --> <div class="clearfix"> <form name="searchformProjectsDBMain" method="post" action="javascript:doProjectsDBSearch(&quot;&quot;)" id="research_form"> <input type="hidden" class="researchHidden" value="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"/> <input type="text" class="form-control mrg-b-15" name="searchTxt" placeholder="Enter Search" onfocus="clearField(this)"> <a class="f02v4-search-box" href="javascript:doProjectsDBSearch(&quot;&quot;)"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/search-icon-box.png" alt="#"></a> <h6>Browse by</h6> <div class="search-box mrg-b-15"> <div class="btn-group country-group"> <button type="button" class="form-control btn btn-default chose-country dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="left-nav-arrow-box"></span> <span class="filter-option pull-left" data-spancategoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"> Global Development Finance</span> </button> <ul class="country-dropdown dropdown-menu rsrch-dropdown" role="menu"> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520development%2520finance?colT=Global%2520development%2520finance"><a>Global Development Finance</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520Economic%2520Prospects?colT=Global%2520Economic%2520Prospects"><a>Global Economic Prospects</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Global%2520monitoring%2520report?colT=Global%2520monitoring%2520report"><a>Global Monitoring Report</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/A%2520World%2520Bank%2520policy%2520research%2520report?colT=A%2520World%2520Bank%2520policy%2520research%2520report"><a>Policy Research Reports</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/Policy%20Research%20working%20paper%20series?colT=Policy%20Research%20working%20paper%20series"><a>Policy Research Working Papers</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/World%2520Development%2520Indicators?colT=World%2520Development%2520Indicators%3E"><a>World Development Indicators</a></li> <li data-categoryurl="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/collection-title/World%2520Development%2520Report?colT=World%2520Development%2520Report"><a>World Development Reports</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </form> <!-- Search box end --> </div> </div> <script> document.onkeypress=submithandler; function submithandler(event){ key=window.event.keyCode; if(key == 13) document.searchformProjectsDBMain.button.click(); } $(document).ready(function() { $('.rsrch-dropdown li').click(function(){ var countryName = $(this).text(); $(this).parent().parent().parent().find(".filter-option").html(countryName); var countryLink = $(this).data('categoryurl'); $(this).parent().parent().parent().find(".filter-option").attr('data-spancategoryurl',countryLink); $('.researchHidden').val(countryLink); //$( "#research_form").submit(); }); }); function doProjectsDBSearch(strActionURL){var trimText = trim(document.searchformProjectsDBMain.searchTxt.value); console.log("trimText::"+trimText); //var option = $('.filter-option').data('spancategoryurl'); var option = $('.researchHidden').val(); if(strActionURL == ''){currentURL = option;}else{currentURL = strActionURL ;}if(currentURL.indexOf('@@')!=-1){newURL = currentURL.substring(0,currentURL.indexOf('@@'));newURL = newURL + encodeURIComponent(trimText);targetURL = newURL + currentURL.substring(eval(currentURL.indexOf('@@')+2),currentURL.length);}else{var url=currentURL; var urlFirstPart; var urlSecondPart; var targetURL; var urlAppend; if(url.indexOf(',00.html') != -1) { urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlAppend="searchTxt:"+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0) urlAppend=urlAppend+'~'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; } else { urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('?')+1); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('?')+1); urlAppend="searchTxt="+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0) urlAppend=urlAppend+'&'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; } } window.location.href=targetURL;}function trim(text) { var endIndex = text.length - 1;var isSpace = true;var startIndex = 0;while (isSpace && startIndex < text.length){isSpace = text.charAt(startIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) startIndex++;}isSpace = true;while (isSpace && endIndex >= startIndex){isSpace = text.charAt(endIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) endIndex--;}return text.substring(startIndex,endIndex + 1);} </script> <style> .embed{ margin-bottom:-15px; } .left-nav-arrow-box{ margin: -11px -12px 0px 0px; } </style> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/inlinesearch_clientlib.js"></script> <div class="n02v11 "> <h6>Latest Working Paper</h6><ul><li><div class="hammer"></div> <h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25470529/">Regional productivity convergence in Peru</a></h4><div class="author mrg-b-3"></div><span class="n02v11-blurb-text"></span> </li><li><div class="hammer"></div> <h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25470521/">Regionalism in services : a study of ASEAN</a></h4><div class="author mrg-b-3"></div><span class="n02v11-blurb-text"></span> </li><li><div class="hammer"></div> <h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25470471/">Women’s police stations and domestic violence : evidence from Brazil</a></h4><div class="author mrg-b-3"></div><span class="n02v11-blurb-text"></span> </li></ul><a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/document-type/620265">View all Working Papers &raquo;</a></div> </div> <hr> <div class="n02v11_list_navigation section"> <div class="n02v11 clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <h6>Key Reports</h6><ul><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/gmr"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/Research/GMR/780x439_very_impt_number.jpg" alt="Image" title=" The Shifting Demographic Landscape"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/gmr"> The Shifting Demographic Landscape</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Profound demographic shifts could alter the course of global development, says the latest Global Monitoring Report.</span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li><li><a class="n02v11-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wbl.worldbank.org/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/WBL_2015.jpg" alt="Image" title="Laws Restrict Opportunities for Women"/></a> <div id="n02v11-content"><h4 class="sub mrg-b-3"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://wbl.worldbank.org/">Laws Restrict Opportunities for Women</a></h4><span class="n02v11-blurb-text">Despite Progress, Laws Restricting Economic Opportunity for Women Are Widespread Globally, says Women, Business and Law 2016. </span><div class="n02v11-list-links"> </div></div></li></ul><div class="n02v11-list-links-new"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm contact-btn mrg-t-15" id="n02v11_listnav" cusyep="http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/0,,contentMDK:23593970~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">View All Key Reports &#187;</button></div></div> <script> $(document).on('click', '#n02v11_listnav', function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); }); </script> </div> <hr> <div class="section embedcode"> <div class="embed "> </script> <div id="PovcalNetWidget" language="EN" css="square"></div><style> #PovcalNetWidget *{ font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important; font-size: 15px !important; } #PovcalNetWidget{ border:0px !important; width:100% !important; height:auto !important; padding:0 !important; display:inline-block; } #PovcalNetWidget #lblTitle{ font-size: 15px !important; line-height:18px !important; color:#000000 !important; text-decoration: none !important; font-weight: bold !important; margin-bottom: 20px !important; text-transform: uppercase !important; clear: both; display: block; } #PovcalNetWidget a:hover{ text-decoration:none !important; border:0px !important; } #PovcalNetWidget label{ font-size: 15px !important; color:#000000 !important; font-weight: bold !important; display:block !important; } #PovcalNetWidget label#lblUnit{ margin-top: 16px; } #PovcalNetWidget select{ width: 100% !important; clear: both !important; border: 1px solid #dedede !important; height: 37px !important; font-size: 13px !important; color:#818181 !important; margin-bottom: 15px !important; } #PovcalNetWidget input{ width: 86% !important; border: 1px solid #dedede !important; height: 37px !important; margin-right: 10px; padding-right:10px; font-size: 13px !important; color:#818181 !important; float:left; margin-bottom: 15px !important; } #PovcalNetWidget #btnRun{ margin:10px 0px 0px 0px !important; width: 50% !important; background:#000000 !important; color:#ffffff !important; font-size: 13px !important; clear: both !important; cursor:pointer; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="hr-bottom"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <h6>BLOGS</h6> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <div class="n02v10-img"> <a> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://blogs.worldbank.org/files/styles/thumbnail/public/pictures/picture-9241-1380119280.jpg" alt="Image" width="48" height="48"> </a> </div> <div class="n02v10-content"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/why-economic-convergence-matters-today-s-globalized-world"> Why economic convergence matters in today’s globalized world </a></h5><div class="author">Augusto Lopez-Claros</div><div class=" time-stamp">Dec 02, 2015</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 17px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <div class="n02v10-img"> <a> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://blogs.worldbank.org/files/styles/thumbnail/public/pictures/picture-1401-1430158404.png" alt="Image" width="48" height="48"> </a> </div> <div class="n02v10-content"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/peoplemove/call-papers-9th-international-conference-migration-and-development"> Call for Papers: 9th International Conference on Migration and Development </a></h5><div class="author">Caglar Ozden</div><div class=" time-stamp">Dec 01, 2015</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 17px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <div class="n02v10-img"> <a> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://blogs.worldbank.org/files/styles/thumbnail/public/pictures/picture-286-1406126356.jpg" alt="Image" width="48" height="48"> </a> </div> <div class="n02v10-content"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/prospects/global-daily-euro-area-inflation-remains-unchanged-november"> Global Daily: Euro-area inflation remains unchanged in November </a></h5><div class="author">Global Macroeconomics Team</div><div class=" time-stamp">Dec 02, 2015</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 17px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/why-did-farmer-cross-road-bridge-productivity-divide-guest-post-sam-asher"> Why did the farmer cross the road? To bridge the productivity divide: Guest Post by Sam Asher </a></h5><div class="author">Development Impact Guest Blogger</div><div class=" time-stamp">Dec 03, 2015</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 17px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <div class="n02v10-img"> <a> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://blogs.worldbank.org/files/styles/thumbnail/public/pictures/picture-542-1449086441.png" alt="Image" width="48" height="48"> </a> </div> <div class="n02v10-content"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/visualizing-world-business-regulations"> Visualizing the world of business regulations </a></h5><div class="author">Jomo Tariku</div><div class=" time-stamp">Dec 02, 2015</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 17px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="n02v10-wrapper"> <div class="n02v10-img"> <a> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014im_/http://blogs.worldbank.org/files/styles/thumbnail/public/pictures/picture-315-1367600613.jpg" alt="Image" width="48" height="48"> </a> </div> <div class="n02v10-content"> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/allaboutfinance/eighteenth-annual-international-banking-conference-future-large-internationally-active-banks"> Eighteenth annual international banking conference: The future of large, internationally active banks </a></h5><div class="author">Asli Demirgüç-Kunt</div><div class=" time-stamp">Nov 23, 2015</div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-lg-3" id=""> <div class="center-left-border "> <div class="parsys grid_3_par_2"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row hidden-sm"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:20px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <hr class="hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div class="section s06v1_experts"> <div id="s06v1-body" class=" clearfix"> <h6>CHIEF ECONOMIST</h6> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img " data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/About/220x220_kaushik_basu2015.jpg" alt="Kaushik Basu" title="Kaushik Basu"> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu">Kaushik Basu</a></h4> <div class="author">Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, World Bank</div> </div> </div> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu">View More Information &raquo;</a> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#s06v1-body").find(".s06v1:last").addClass("mrg-b-0"); }); </script> </div> <hr> <div class="parbase section s01v1_related"> <div id="s01v1-body" class=""> <h6>Research by Regions</h6> <ul class="s01v1"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/research">Africa</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eap/research">East Asia &amp; Pacific</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca/research">Europe &amp; Central Asia</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/lac/research">Latin America &amp; the Caribbean</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/research">Middle East &amp; North Africa</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/sar/research">South Asia</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="section s06v1_experts"> <div id="s06v1-body" class=" clearfix"> <h6>Featured Experts</h6> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img " data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/vijayendra-rao"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Experts/expert%20images/vijayendra-rao_156x156.png" alt="Image" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/vijayendra-rao">Vijayendra Rao</a></h4> <div class="author">Lead Economist</div> </div> </div> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img" data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/quy-toan-do"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Experts/expert%20images/quy-toan-do_156x156.jpg" alt="Image" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/quy-toan-do">Quy-Toan Do</a></h4> <div class="author">Senior Economist</div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#s06v1-body").find(".s06v1:last").addClass("mrg-b-0"); }); </script> </div> <hr> <div class="s06v11_image_and_text section"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/s06v11_clientlib.js"></script> </div> <hr> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div id="n02v10-body" class=""> <h6>Events</h6> <ul class="n02v10"> <li class="title"> <!-- //<div class="n02v10-Itemlistheadertag">EVENT</div> //--> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/12/02/macroeconomics-trade-and-finance-seminar-series-Philipp-Schnabl">The Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy</a></h5> <div class="time-stamp">Dec 02, 2015</div> </li><li class="title"> <!-- //<div class="n02v10-Itemlistheadertag">EVENT</div> //--> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/12/08/social-observatory">The Social Observatory: Developing a Science of Adaptive Delivery</a></h5> <div class="time-stamp">Dec 08, 2015</div> </li><li class="title"> <!-- //<div class="n02v10-Itemlistheadertag">EVENT</div> //--> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2015/12/09/conference-on-migration-and-the-global-development-agenda">EU-WB Conference on Migration and the Global Development Agenda</a></h5> <div class="time-stamp">Dec 09, 2015</div> </li> </ul> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/events/all">View All &raquo;</a> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="s06v11_image_and_text section"> <div class="s06v11-image-text "> <div class="c05v1-top"> <h6 class="media-header">DEC Units</h6> <div class="pagination"> <a class="prevs06v11" href="#"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Prev</span></a><span class="s06v11pagination">1</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;2<a class="nexts06v11" href="#"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="float: right;"><span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="s06v11-owl owl-carousel"> <div class="s06v11Item"> <div class="s06v11-highlight-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/research"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/780x439_decrg_logo.jpg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </div> <div class="s06v11-highlight-title c15v3-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/research">Development Research Group</a> </div> </div> <div class="s06v11Item"> <div class="s06v11-highlight-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,menuPK:476941~pagePK:51084723~piPK:51084722~theSitePK:476883,00.html"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/dec_homepage_decpg_thumb.jpg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </div> <div class="s06v11-highlight-title c15v3-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,menuPK:476941~pagePK:51084723~piPK:51084722~theSitePK:476883,00.html">Prospects Group</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="parbase section s01v1_related"> </div> <hr> <div class="country_office_contact_input section"> <div id="lr01v1" class=" clearfix"> <h6>Contacts</h6> <!-- contact 1 --> <p class="mrg-b-20"> <span class="h7">General Inquiries</span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/mailto:research@worldbank.org">Email</a> </p> <!-- contact 2 --> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/__0,,contentMDK_20381430~menuPK_476836~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">View All »</a> </div> <style> </style></div> <hr> <div class="section s03v2_stay_connected"> <div id="s03v2" class=""> <h4 class="mrg-b-15">STAY CONNECTED</h4> <div class="s03v2-icon"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/wb_research" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/stayconnected/icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image"></a><div class="s03v2-text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/wb_research"> <span>Twitter</span></a></div></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.slideshare.net/WB_Research/presentations/2" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/stayconnected/sm-icons-slideshare.svg" alt="Image"></a><div class="s03v2-text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.slideshare.net/WB_Research/presentations/2"> <span>Slideshare</span></a></div></li> </ul> </div><!-- End of Stay Connected --> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <hr> <div class="section embedcode"> <div class="embed "> <div id="direction"> <h6>NEWSLETTER</h6> <h5 class="subhead">Subscribe to the World Bank’s Research e-Newsletter</h5> <div class="serch-term" style="width:200px;"> <form class="input-group" name="Quick" role="search" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/qsinglesubscribe.htm" method="post" target="_blank"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text" name="emailid" placeholder="Enter Email Address" onfocus="clearField(this)"/> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input type="image" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"/> </span> <input name="REQ_TYPE" value="QUICK_USER" type="hidden"/> <input name="SITE_MDK" value="615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="listname" value="615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="QUICK_USER" value="http://newsletters.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64134116&amp;theSitePK=615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="TYPE" value="T" type="hidden"/> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/0,,contentMDK:23594117~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">View All Newsletter »</a></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="parbase c05v1_multimedia section"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/c05v1_clientlib.js"></script> <style> .c05v1-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; } </style> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row hidden-xs hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-12" id=""> <hr class="hr-top"> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="s06v1_experts"> <div id="s06v1-body" class=" clearfix"> <h6>CHIEF ECONOMIST</h6> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img " data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/About/220x220_kaushik_basu2015.jpg" alt="Kaushik Basu" title="Kaushik Basu"> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu">Kaushik Basu</a></h4> <div class="author">Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, World Bank</div> </div> </div> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/kaushik-basu">View More Information &raquo;</a> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#s06v1-body").find(".s06v1:last").addClass("mrg-b-0"); }); </script> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-4 col-sm-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_1"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="s06v1_experts_0 s06v1_experts"> <div id="s06v1-body" class=" clearfix"> <h6>Featured Experts</h6> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img " data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/vijayendra-rao"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Experts/expert%20images/vijayendra-rao_156x156.png" alt="Image" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/vijayendra-rao">Vijayendra Rao</a></h4> <div class="author">Lead Economist</div> </div> </div> <div class="s06v1"> <div class="s06v1-img" data-label="Gray"> <a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/quy-toan-do"> <img class="img-responsive grayscale" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Experts/expert%20images/quy-toan-do_156x156.jpg" alt="Image" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/quy-toan-do">Quy-Toan Do</a></h4> <div class="author">Senior Economist</div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#s06v1-body").find(".s06v1:last").addClass("mrg-b-0"); }); </script> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-4 col-lg-4 col-sm-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_2"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="s06v11_image_and_text s06v11_image_and_tex"> <div class="s06v11-image-text "> <div class="c05v1-top"> <h6 class="media-header">DEC Units</h6> <div class="pagination"> <a class="prevs06v11" href="#"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Prev</span></a><span class="s06v11pagination">1</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;2<a class="nexts06v11" href="#"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="float: right;"><span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="s06v11-owl owl-carousel"> <div class="s06v11Item"> <div class="s06v11-highlight-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/research"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/780x439_decrg_logo.jpg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </div> <div class="s06v11-highlight-title c15v3-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/research">Development Research Group</a> </div> </div> <div class="s06v11Item"> <div class="s06v11-highlight-image"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,menuPK:476941~pagePK:51084723~piPK:51084722~theSitePK:476883,00.html"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/dec_homepage_decpg_thumb.jpg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </div> <div class="s06v11-highlight-title c15v3-title"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,menuPK:476941~pagePK:51084723~piPK:51084722~theSitePK:476883,00.html">Prospects Group</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row hidden-xs hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-12" id=""> <hr class="hr-top"> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="country_office_contact_input country_office_conta"> <div id="lr01v1" class=" clearfix"> <h6>Contacts</h6> <!-- contact 1 --> <p class="mrg-b-20"> <span class="h7">General Inquiries</span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/mailto:research@worldbank.org">Email</a> </p> <!-- contact 2 --> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/__0,,contentMDK_20381430~menuPK_476836~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">View All »</a> </div> <style> </style></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xs-4 col-sm-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_1"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="s03v2_stay_connected"> <div id="s03v2" class=""> <h4 class="mrg-b-15">STAY CONNECTED</h4> <div class="s03v2-icon"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/wb_research" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/stayconnected/icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image"></a><div class="s03v2-text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/wb_research"> <span>Twitter</span></a></div></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.slideshare.net/WB_Research/presentations/2" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/stayconnected/sm-icons-slideshare.svg" alt="Image"></a><div class="s03v2-text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.slideshare.net/WB_Research/presentations/2"> <span>Slideshare</span></a></div></li> </ul> </div><!-- End of Stay Connected --> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-4 col-lg-4 col-sm-4" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_4_par_2"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section reference"> <div style="display:inline;" class="cq-dd-paragraph"><div class="embedcode"> <div class="embed "> <div id="direction"> <h6>NEWSLETTER</h6> <h5 class="subhead">Subscribe to the World Bank’s Research e-Newsletter</h5> <div class="serch-term" style="width:200px;"> <form class="input-group" name="Quick" role="search" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/qsinglesubscribe.htm" method="post" target="_blank"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text" name="emailid" placeholder="Enter Email Address" onfocus="clearField(this)"/> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input type="image" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"/> </span> <input name="REQ_TYPE" value="QUICK_USER" type="hidden"/> <input name="SITE_MDK" value="615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="listname" value="615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="QUICK_USER" value="http://newsletters.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64134116&amp;theSitePK=615281" type="hidden"/> <input name="TYPE" value="T" type="hidden"/> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm mrg-t-15"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/0,,contentMDK:23594117~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:469372,00.html">View All Newsletter »</a></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-12" id=""> <hr class="hr-top"> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="parbase section gridlayout"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="parsys grid_12_par_0"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="n06v1_indepth section"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/no6v1_indepth.js"></script> <div id="n06v1-body" class=" clearfix"><!-- Start of indepth --> <!-- Header Section --> <div class="n06v1-top"> <div class="n06v1-section-title"><h6>Resources</h6></div> <div class="pagination indepth-pagediv"> <a href="#" class="preveleindepth"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left" rel="popover" title="Previous"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Previous</span></a> <a href="#" class="nexteleindepth"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" rel="popover" title="Next"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Next</span></a> </div> </div> <!-- Header Section Ends--> <div id="n06v1-owl" class="owl-carousel row"><!--Start of row --> <!--Start of an Individual Item --> <div class="no6v1IndepthItem"> <div class="n06v1"> <div class="thumbnail n06v1-img"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/migration"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/About/people/migration.jpg" alt="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="n06v1-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/migration">Migration &amp; Remittances</a></div> <div class="n06v1-text">The report fills important knowledge gaps on African migration, remittances, and diaspora...</div> </div> </div> <!-- End of an Individual Item --> <!--Start of an Individual Item --> <div class="no6v1IndepthItem"> <div class="n06v1"> <div class="thumbnail n06v1-img"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/wdi2014.jpg" alt="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="n06v1-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi">WDI 2015</a></div> <div class="n06v1-text">The primary World Bank collection of indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources...</div> </div> </div> <!-- End of an Individual Item --> <!--Start of an Individual Item --> <div class="no6v1IndepthItem"> <div class="n06v1"> <div class="thumbnail n06v1-img"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Research/ent_survey_firm.jpg" alt="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="n06v1-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/">Enterprise Surveys</a></div> <div class="n06v1-text">Enterprise Surveys provide company-level data on 130,000 firms in 135 countries.</div> </div> </div> <!-- End of an Individual Item --> <!--Start of an Individual Item --> <div class="no6v1IndepthItem"> <div class="n06v1"> <div class="thumbnail n06v1-img"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/dime"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/About/people/development.jpg" alt="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="n06v1-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/dime">Development Impact Evaluation</a></div> <div class="n06v1-text">A World Bank-wide program to generate knowledge on the effectiveness of development policies. Working across...</div> </div> </div> <!-- End of an Individual Item --> <!--Start of an Individual Item --> <div class="no6v1IndepthItem"> <div class="n06v1"> <div class="thumbnail n06v1-img"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/lsms"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/About/people/living.jpg" alt="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="n06v1-title"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/lsms">Living Standards Measurement Study</a></div> <div class="n06v1-text">A household survey program focused on improving policy through data collection and innovative survey methods.</div> </div> </div> <!-- End of an Individual Item --> </div><!-- End of Row--> </div><!--End of Indepth --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> <style> #wb-authid{ /*display: none;*/ display: block; left: -9999px; position: absolute; height: 0px; } </style></div> </div> <div id="wbr-footer"> <div class="footer parbase g02v1_globalfooter"> <!-- begin G02v1-global footer desktop ref --> <div class="hidden-print"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 hidden-sm hidden-xs hidden-xs"> <div class=" g02v1-footer brd-t-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3"> <ul> <li class="header" id="1">Resources</li> <li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/civilsociety">Civil Society</a></li><li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://consultations.worldbank.org/">Consultations</a></li><li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://clientconnection.worldbank.org/servlet/main?menuPK=234032&amp;pagePK=232663&amp;piPK=234033">Government</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://clientconnection.worldbank.org/servlet/main?menuPK=234032&amp;pagePK=232663&amp;piPK=234033">Client Connection</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://go.worldbank.org/NOW8S4MAB0">Parliamentarians</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://go.worldbank.org/TRCDVYJ440">Access to Information</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://treasury.worldbank.org/bdm/htm/index.html">Financing &amp; Risk Management</a></li> <li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/EXTCORPPROCUREMENT/0,,menuPK:64147159~pagePK:64147234~piPK:64147236~theSitePK:438017,00.html">Businesses</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://go.worldbank.org/6PC0FICAE0">Corporate Procurement</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://go.worldbank.org/FAOKR3OTW0">Operational Procurement</a></li> <li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/htm/index.html">Investors</a></li> <li class="sub" id="newid1"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/htm/index.html">World Bank Bonds</a></li> <li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Job Seekers</a></li><li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">Journalists</a></li><li class="subheader" id="newid"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://youthink.worldbank.org/">Students</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <div class="fullwidth "> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/history">History</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/speakers-bureau">Public Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/annualreport">Annual Reports</a></li> <li class="subheader">World Bank Group Accountability</li> <li class="sub"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/">Compliance Advisor Ombudsman</a></li> <li class="sub"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://ieg.worldbank.org/">Independent Evaluation Group</a></li> <li class="sub"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/Home.aspx">Inspection Panel</a></li> <li class="sub"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/ORGUNITS/EXTDOII/0,,menuPK:588927~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:588921,00.html">Integrity Vice Presidency</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all">Search for News</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://blogs.worldbank.org/">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/multimedia">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://media.worldbank.org/">Media Briefing Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/contacts">Media Contacts</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <div class="fullwidth "> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://search.worldbank.org/data">Search Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&amp;id=4&amp;CNO=2">DataBank</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog">Catalog</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/products">Data Publications &amp; Products</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/developers">APIs for Developers</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/projects">Projects &amp; Operations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://search.worldbank.org/projects">Search Projects</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services">Products &amp; Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,menuPK:64383817~pagePK:64387457~piPK:64387543~theSitePK:40941,00.html">Country Lending</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/results/">Results</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://search.worldbank.org/research">Search Research</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://econ.worldbank.org/datasets">Tools &amp; Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/">Research Publications &amp; Products</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <div class="fullwidth "> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/?lang=en">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home">Documents &amp; Reports</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/EXTARCHIVES/0,,pagePK:38167~theSitePK:29506,00.html">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://jolis.worldbankimflib.org/external.htm">Libraries</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://einstitute.worldbank.org/ei/">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://gdln.org/">Global Development Learning Network</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTCDRC/0,,menuPK:64169181~pagePK:64169192~piPK:64169180~theSitePK:489952,00.html">Capacity Development Resource Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/SCBEXTERNAL/0,,contentMDK:20100922~menuPK:982273~pagePK:229544~piPK:229605~theSitePK:239427,00.html">Statistical Capacity Building</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/EXTWBISFP/0,,menuPK:551559~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:551553,00.html">Scholarships &amp; Fellowships</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="header mrg-b-15"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country">Countries</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Topics</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <div class="social-media"> <ul> <li class="header">FOLLOW US</li> </ul> <div class="social-icon social-icon-bot"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.facebook.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-linkedln.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://instagram.com/worldbank/" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-instagram.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldBank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-youtube.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-flickr.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> </ul> </div> <div><ul><li class="header">Newsletters</li></ul></div> <div class="serch-term"> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormDesktop" method="post" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php" name="icpsignup" id="icpsignup7077" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="http://www.worldbank.org/wb/newsletter/thankyou.html"> <input type="hidden" name="errorredirect" value="http://www.icontact.com/www/signup/error.html"> <input type="hidden" name="listid" value="77502"> <input type="hidden" name="specialid:77502" value="2KXF"> <input type="hidden" name="clientid" value="276942"> <input type="hidden" name="formid" value="7077"> <input type="hidden" name="reallistid" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="doubleopt" value="1"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text" name="fields_email" id="fields_email_desktop" onfocus="value=''" value="Enter Email Address" placeholder="Enter Email Address" title="fields_email_desktop" label="fields_email_desktop"/> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input id="signUpIdDesktop" type="image" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"/> </span> </form> </div> <hr style="margin-bottom:12px; margin-top:22px;"> <div class="fullwidth sub "> <ul> <li class=" subheader">More ways to get to us</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/list.htm">Sign Up for Email Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://apps.worldbank.org/">World Bank Apps</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://live.worldbank.org/">World Bank Live</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 "> <ul class="list-inline"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/"> <img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wbg-footer-en.svg" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty"></a> <li> <a title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do/brief/ibrd">IBRD</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Development Association" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/ida">IDA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Finance Corporation" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.ifc.org/">IFC</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.miga.org/">MIGA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://icsid.worldbank.org/">ICSID</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 "> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/legalinfo">Legal</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/wbaccess">Access to Information</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Jobs</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/sitemap">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/contacts">Contact</a> </div> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright">&copy; <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- Begin var time=new Date(); var year=time.getYear(); if (year < 2000) year = year + 1900; document.write(year);// End --></script> The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </div> </div> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class=" g02v1-footer-fraud pull-right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/ORGUNITS/EXTDOII/0,,contentMDK:20659616~menuPK:1702202~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:588921,00.html">Fraud &amp; Corruption Hotline <br/> 1-202-458-7677</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end G02v1-global footer desktop ref --> <!-- begin G02v1-global footer tablet --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-xs"> <div class="g02v1-footer brd-t-1 "> <div class="row mrg-b-20"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-2"> <ul> <li class="header">Resources</li> <li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/civilsociety">Civil Society</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://consultations.worldbank.org/">Consultations</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://clientconnection.worldbank.org/servlet/main?menuPK=234032&amp;pagePK=232663&amp;piPK=234033">Government</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/EXTCORPPROCUREMENT/0,,menuPK:64147159~pagePK:64147234~piPK:64147236~theSitePK:438017,00.html">Businesses</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/htm/index.html">Investors</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Job Seekers</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">Journalists</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://youthink.worldbank.org/">Students</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about">About</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://einstitute.worldbank.org/ei/">Learning</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/projects">Projects &amp; Operations</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/?lang=en">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-2"> <ul> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country">Countries</a></li> <li class="header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Topics</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <ul> <li class="header">FOLLOW US</li> </ul> <div class="social-icon social-icon-bot"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.facebook.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-linkedln.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://instagram.com/worldbank/" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-instagram.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldBank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-youtube.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-flickr.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> </ul> </div> <span class="header">Newsletters</span> <div class="serch-term"> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormTablet" method="post" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php" name="icpsignup" id="icpsignup7077" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="http://www.worldbank.org/wb/newsletter/thankyou.html"> <input type="hidden" name="errorredirect" value="http://www.icontact.com/www/signup/error.html"> <input type="hidden" name="listid" value="77502"> <input type="hidden" name="specialid:77502" value="2KXF"> <input type="hidden" name="clientid" value="276942"> <input type="hidden" name="formid" value="7077"> <input type="hidden" name="reallistid" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="doubleopt" value="1"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text" name="fields_email" id="fields_email_tablet" onfocus="value=''" value="Enter Email Address" placeholder="Enter Email Address" title="fields_email_tablet" label="fields_email_tablet"/> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input id="signUpIdTablet" type="image" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"/> </span> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 "> <ul class="list-inline"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/"> <img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wbg-footer-en.svg" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty"></a> <li> <a title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do/brief/ibrd">IBRD</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Development Association" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/ida">IDA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Finance Corporation" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.ifc.org/">IFC</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.miga.org/">MIGA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://icsid.worldbank.org/">ICSID</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 "> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-md-6 col-sm-7"> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/legalinfo">Legal</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/wbaccess">Access to Information</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Jobs</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/sitemap">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/contacts">Contact</a> </div> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright">&copy; <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- Begin var time=new Date(); var year=time.getYear(); if (year < 2000) year = year + 1900; document.write(year);// End --></script> The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </div> </div> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-sm-5 col-xs-4"> <div class=" g02v1-footer-fraud pull-right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/ORGUNITS/EXTDOII/0,,contentMDK:20659616~menuPK:1702202~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:588921,00.html">Fraud &amp; Corruption Hotline <br/> 1-202-458-7677</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end G02v1-global footer tablet --> <!-- begin G02v1-global footer mobile --> <div class="g02v1-footer brd-t-1 hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"> <div class="row hidden-print"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <ul> <li class="header">FOLLOW US</li> </ul> <div class="social-icon social-icon-bot"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.facebook.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.twitter.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-linkedln.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://instagram.com/worldbank/" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-instagram.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldBank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-youtube.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank" class="social-icon-img"><img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/social-icon/sm-icons-flickr.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a></li> </ul> </div> <span class="header">Newsletters</span> <div class="serch-term"> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormMobile" method="post" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php" name="icpsignup" id="icpsignup7077" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="http://www.worldbank.org/wb/newsletter/thankyou.html"> <input type="hidden" name="errorredirect" value="http://www.icontact.com/www/signup/error.html"> <input type="hidden" name="listid" value="77502"> <input type="hidden" name="specialid:77502" value="2KXF"> <input type="hidden" name="clientid" value="276942"> <input type="hidden" name="formid" value="7077"> <input type="hidden" name="reallistid" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="doubleopt" value="1"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text" name="fields_email" id="fields_email_mobile" onfocus="value=''" value="Enter Email Address" placeholder="Enter Email Address" title="fields_email_mobile" label="fields_email_mobile"/> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input id="signUpIdMobile" type="image" src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"/> </span> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g02v1-footer brd-t-1 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul> <li class="header">Resources</li> <li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/civilsociety">Civil Society</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://consultations.worldbank.org/">Consultations</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/https://clientconnection.worldbank.org/servlet/main?menuPK=234032&amp;pagePK=232663&amp;piPK=234033">Government</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/OPPORTUNITIES/EXTCORPPROCUREMENT/0,,menuPK:64147159~pagePK:64147234~piPK:64147236~theSitePK:438017,00.html">Businesses</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/htm/index.html">Investors</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Job Seekers</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">Journalists</a></li><li class="subheader"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://youthink.worldbank.org/">Students</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about">About</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <ul> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/projects">Projects &amp; Operations</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/reference/?lang=en">Publications</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country">Countries</a></li> <li class="header" style="word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Topics</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 "> <ul class="list-inline"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/"> <img src="/web/20151207095014im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wbg-footer-en.svg" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty"></a> <li> <a title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do/brief/ibrd">IBRD</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Development Association" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/ida">IDA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Finance Corporation" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.ifc.org/">IFC</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.miga.org/">MIGA</a> &nbsp;&nbsp; <a title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://icsid.worldbank.org/">ICSID</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-lg-8 "> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/legalinfo">Legal</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/wbaccess">Access to Information</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/jobs">Jobs</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/sitemap">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/contacts">Contact</a> </div><br> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright">&copy; <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- Begin var time=new Date(); var year=time.getYear(); if (year < 2000) year = year + 1900; document.write(year);// End --></script> The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> <div class=" g02v1-footer-fraud"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/ORGUNITS/EXTDOII/0,,contentMDK:20659616~menuPK:1702202~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:588921,00.html">Fraud &amp; Corruption Hotline <br/> 1-202-458-7677</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end G02v1-global footer mobile --> </div> <div class="g02v1-copyright col-lg-8 visible-print-block"> <div class="g02v1-footer-copyright">&copy; <script language="JavaScript"> var time=new Date(); var year=time.getYear(); if (year < 2000) year = year + 1900; document.write(year); </script> The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $(".mySignUpFormDesktop").submit(function(){ var signUpEmailField = $("#fields_email_desktop"); if (signUpEmailField.val() == "") { signUpEmailField.focus(); alert("The Email field is required."); return false; } return true; }); $("#signUpIdDesktop").click(function(){ $(".mySignUpFormDesktop").submit(); return false; }); }); $(document).ready(function() { $(".mySignUpFormTablet").submit(function(){ var signUpEmailField = $("#fields_email_tablet"); if (signUpEmailField.val() == "") { signUpEmailField.focus(); alert("The Email field is required."); return false; } return true; }); $("#signUpIdTablet").click(function(){ $(".mySignUpFormTablet").submit(); return false; }); }); $(document).ready(function() { $(".mySignUpFormMobile").submit(function(){ var signUpEmailField = $("#fields_email_mobile"); if (signUpEmailField.val() == "") { signUpEmailField.focus(); alert("The Email field is required."); return false; } return true; }); $("#signUpIdMobile").click(function(){ $(".mySignUpFormMobile").submit(); return false; }); }); </script> </div> <div class="bottom-embed script_embedcode"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014js_/http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/js/widget.js"> </div> </div> <script> $('#flickr').removeAttr( 'style' ); $('#flickr img').addClass('img-responsive'); $( "#flickr a" ).wrap('<div class="photo-gallery-img col-xs-3 col-sm-3 col-md-3"></div>'); $('#flickr img').css("width", "100%"); $( "#flickr" ).wrap('<div class="row"></div>'); $('#flickr').children('.photo-gallery-img').last().remove(); $("#id_v4").click(function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); } ); $("#id_c07v4").click(function(){ window.location.href = $(this).attr('cusyep'); } ); </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('input, search').placeholder(); (function($) { fakewaffle.responsiveTabs([ 'xs', 'sm' ]); })(jQuery); </script> <script> try{ document.getElementById("list").onchange = function() { if (this.selectedIndex !== 0) { window.location.href = this.value; } }; } catch(err) { } /*$(document).ready(function() { $(".n01v1-nav-list-main").click(function() { $(".n01v1-nav-list-sub").toggle(); }); });*/ $(document).ready(function() { $(".embed").each(function(){ var chartwidth = $(this).width(); $(this).find("iframe").css("width",chartwidth); }); }); </script> <script> $(function() { $('[data-ajax-component]').each(function() { var $this = $(this), url = $this.data('url'), queryParams = $this.data('ajax-query-parameters'); url = url+"?"; if (queryParams) { url += queryParams; } $.get(url).success(function(data) { if(!data.match(/\sdata-ajax-component/)) { $this.replaceWith(data); } }); }); }); </script> <script> $( '.tweetable' ).tweetable(); </script> </body> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbg/clientlib/js/WebStatsUtil.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> s_account="wbgprod,wbglobalext"; </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014js_/http://www.worldbank.org/cmsscripts/omniture/s_code.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"><!-- /* SiteCatalyst variables */ /* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */ s.pageName="en:research"; s.server="10.185.224.67"; s.channel="DEC DEC EXT"; s.hier1="dec~research~research"; s.hier2="wbg~en~english~research~research"; s.prop1="Research & Outlook"; s.prop2="na"; s.prop3="2015/09/10"; s.prop4="poverty"; s.prop5="na"; s.prop13="PREM"; s.prop14="research"; s.prop17="English"; s.prop24="research~research"; s.prop25="research~research"; s.prop26="research~research"; s.prop41="na"; s.prop53="other"; s.prop56="1"; s.prop60="DEC"; s.prop68="2015/09/10"; s.prop75="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207095014/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research"; /*Cookies Related Reports*/ var omnitureCookieContent=getCookieValueByName('omniture'); s.prop18=getVPU(omnitureCookieContent); s.prop19=getDutyStation(omnitureCookieContent); s.prop20=getUserType(omnitureCookieContent); /************* DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ! **************/ var s_code=s.t();if(s_code)document.write(s_code) //--> </script> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 09:50:14 Dec 07, 2015 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 20:05:44 Mar 07, 2025. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.524 exclusion.robots: 0.025 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.015 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 10.39 LoadShardBlock: 258.106 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 213.086 (4) load_resource: 92.568 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 74.843 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10