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citation_author=Watkins, JB; citation_author=Klein, PD; citation_author=Schoeller, DA; citation_author=Kirschner, BS; citation_author=Park, R; citation_author=Perman, JA; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_journal_title=Gastroenterology; citation_volume=82; citation_firstpage=911; citation_lastpage=917; citation_doi=10.1016/S0016-5085(82)80255-2"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="The capacity for conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALNA) to n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated in young men. Emulsified [U−13C]ALNA was administered orally with a mixed meal to six subjects consuming their habitual diet. Approximately 33 % of administered [13C]ALNA was recovered as 13CO2 on breath over the first 24 h. [13C]ALNA was mobilised from enterocytes primarily as chylomicron triacylglycerol (TAG), while [13C]ALNA incorporation into plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) occurred later, probably by the liver. The time scale of conversion of [13C]ALNA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) suggested that the liver was the principal site of ALNA desaturation and elongation, although there was some indication of EPA and DPA synthesis by enterocytes. [13C]EPA and [13C]DPA concentrations were greater in plasma PC than TAG, and were present in the circulation for up to 7 and 14 d, respectively. There was no apparent 13C enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma PC, TAG or non-esterified fatty acids at any time point measured up to 21 d. This pattern of 13C n−3 fatty acid labelling suggests inhibition or restriction of DHA synthesis downstream of DPA. [13C]ALNA, [13C]EPA and [13C]DPA were incorporated into erythrocyte PC, but not phosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting uptake of intact plasma PC molecules from lipoproteins into erythrocyte membranes. Since the capacity of adult males to convert ALNA to DHA was either very low or absent, uptake of pre-formed DHA from the diet may be critical for maintaining adequate membrane DHA concentrations in these individuals."> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1079/BJN2002662"> <link rel="alternate" href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/eicosapentaenoic-and-docosapentaenoic-acids-are-the-principal-products-of-linolenic-acid-metabolism-in-young-men/602A731B990E9FE14F22F0ADD63E77D4" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css?version=v7.337.1-hotfix"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" 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data-v-63dfaf6e>British Journal of Nutrition</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><a href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/issue/CD04CBAB96AB942F997212464A344895" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-3692cf84><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 88 Issue 4</span> </a></li><li class="page-breadcrumbs__item" data-v-3692cf84><span aria-hidden="true" class="breadcrumbs-wrapper__arrow" data-v-3692cf84>></span><span data-v-3692cf84>Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the...</span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="language" data-v-3692cf84><ul class="language-switch" data-v-6b1118dd data-v-3692cf84><li aria-label="English" data-v-6b1118dd><span class="language-option current divider" data-v-6b1118dd>English</span></li><li aria-label="Français" data-v-6b1118dd><span role="button" tabindex="0" href="#" lang="fr" class="language-option" data-v-6b1118dd> Français </span></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="container container__modified" data-v-01274b1d>  <div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div role="complementary" aria-label="table of content" class="column__left" data-v-01274b1d><div class="col journal-container row" data-v-146270e8 data-v-01274b1d><img src="https://static.cambridge.org/covers/BJN_0_0_0/british-journal-of-nutrition.jpg" alt="" class="journal__image" data-v-146270e8> <a href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition" class="app-link journal__title app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-146270e8><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>British Journal of Nutrition </span> </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-146270e8></div>  <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-01274b1d><h2>Article contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li>  <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-01274b1d><div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div class="column__main__left" data-v-01274b1d><div id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-862424e6 data-v-01274b1d> <hgroup data-v-862424e6><h1 data-v-862424e6>Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of α-linolenic acid metabolism in young men<a href='fn01' ref-type='fn'>*</a></h1> </hgroup>     <div class="row published-date" data-v-862424e6><p data-v-862424e6> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-862424e6>09 March 2007</strong></p></div>   <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-862424e6><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Graham%20C.%20Burdge&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Graham C. Burdge</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Amanda%20E.%20Jones&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Amanda E. Jones</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce> and</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Stephen%20A.%20Wootton&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Stephen A. Wootton</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="Graham C. Burdge" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Graham C. Burdge*</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Institute of Human Nutrition, Level C, West Wing, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="Amanda E. Jones" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Amanda E. Jones</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Institute of Human Nutrition, Level C, West Wing, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="Stephen A. Wootton" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Stephen A. Wootton</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Institute of Human Nutrition, Level C, West Wing, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK</span> </span></div></dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-sm-2 col-12 title" data-v-2edb8da6> * </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-sm-flex d-inline flex-sm-1 flex-sm-wrap" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><div class="corresp"><span class="bold">†</span><span class="bold">Corresponding author:</span>Dr G. C. Burdge, fax +44 23 80794945, email <a href="mailto:gcb@soton.ac.uk">gcb@soton.ac.uk</a></div></span></div></div></div></dd></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-01274b1d><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#article-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="article-tab" tabindex="-1" 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target="_blank" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=BJN&title=Eicosapentaenoic%20and%20docosapentaenoic%20acids%20are%20the%20principal%20products%20of%20%CE%B1-linolenic%20acid%20metabolism%20in%20young%20men*&publicationDate=09%20March%202007&author=Graham%20C.%20Burdge%2C%20Amanda%20E.%20Jones%2C%20Stephen%20A.%20Wootton©right=Copyright%20%C2%A9%20The%20Nutrition%20Society%202002&contentID=10.1079%2FBJN2002662&startPage=355&endPage=363&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=88&issueNum=4&oa=" data-test-id="buttonRightLink" class="app-link rights-link d-print-none app-link__text-icon app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-92ee52a2 data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/rights-icon.d4a677c.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon rights" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Rights & Permissions </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="share-modal-overlay" style="display:none;" data-v-43a4d572></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-43a4d572> <div id="sec0" class="col article-abstract sec" data-v-2fa8b348 data-v-43a4d572><div class="abstract-text-container" data-v-2fa8b348><div lang="en"><h2>Abstract</h2> <div class="no-content" data-v-6723a3bd> Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button. </div> <div class="abstract-content"><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p>The capacity for conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALNA) to <span class="italic">n</span>−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated in young men. Emulsified [<span class="italic">U</span>−<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA was administered orally with a mixed meal to six subjects consuming their habitual diet. Approximately 33 % of administered [<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA was recovered as <span class="sup">13</span>CO<span class="sub">2</span> on breath over the first 24 h. [<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA was mobilised from enterocytes primarily as chylomicron triacylglycerol (TAG), while [<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA incorporation into plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) occurred later, probably by the liver. The time scale of conversion of [<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) suggested that the liver was the principal site of ALNA desaturation and elongation, although there was some indication of EPA and DPA synthesis by enterocytes. [<span class="sup">13</span>C]EPA and [<span class="sup">13</span>C]DPA concentrations were greater in plasma PC than TAG, and were present in the circulation for up to 7 and 14 d, respectively. There was no apparent <span class="sup">13</span>C enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma PC, TAG or non-esterified fatty acids at any time point measured up to 21 d. This pattern of <span class="sup">13</span>C <span class="italic">n</span>−3 fatty acid labelling suggests inhibition or restriction of DHA synthesis downstream of DPA. [<span class="sup">13</span>C]ALNA, [<span class="sup">13</span>C]EPA and [<span class="sup">13</span>C]DPA were incorporated into erythrocyte PC, but not phosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting uptake of intact plasma PC molecules from lipoproteins into erythrocyte membranes. Since the capacity of adult males to convert ALNA to DHA was either very low or absent, uptake of pre-formed DHA from the diet may be critical for maintaining adequate membrane DHA concentrations in these individuals.</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div></div>   </div>  <div class="keywords" data-v-86c27100 data-v-43a4d572><h2 data-v-86c27100>Keywords</h2> <div class="row keywords__pills" data-v-86c27100><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=α-Linolenic acid" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>α-Linolenic acid</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Polyunsaturated fatty acids" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Metabolism" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Metabolism</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-86c27100></div>  <dl class="article-details" data-v-6e32a161 data-v-43a4d572><div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161>Research Article</dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div class="content__journal" data-v-6e32a161><a href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>British Journal of Nutrition </span> </a> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/volume/79CAACEF1EDB55B07F76A6478D565E22" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 88 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/issue/CD04CBAB96AB942F997212464A344895" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Issue 4 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161>, October 2002</span>  <span data-v-6e32a161>, pp. 355 - 363</span> </div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002662" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002662 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> </div>  </dd></div>   <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Copyright </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161> Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002 </div></dd></div></dl>  <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-43a4d572>   <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="manual_ref-1" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><span class="name"><span class="surname">Allman</span>, <span class="given-names">MA</span></span>, <span class="name"><span class="surname">Pena</span>, <span class="given-names">MM</span></span> & <span class="name"><span class="surname">Peng</span>, <span class="given-names">D</span></span> (<span class="year">1995</span>) <span class="article-title">Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflower oil in healthy young men when consuming a low 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author:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EDr G. C. Burdge, fax +44 23 80794945, email \u003Ca href=\"mailto:gcb@soton.ac.uk\"\u003Egcb@soton.ac.uk\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",isAnonymous:b,fullName:"Graham C. Burdge",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Graham%20C.%20Burdge&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"Amanda E.",surname:"Jones",nameStyle:t,affiliations:[{text:u}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"Amanda E. Jones",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Amanda%20E.%20Jones&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h},{givenNames:"Stephen A.",surname:"Wootton",nameStyle:t,affiliations:[{text:u}],isCorresponding:b,notes:a,isAnonymous:b,fullName:"Stephen A. Wootton",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Stephen%20A.%20Wootton&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:h}]},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"}},collections:[],publishedDate:"09 March 2007",keywords:[{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=α-Linolenic acid",name:"α-Linolenic acid"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Polyunsaturated fatty acids",name:"Polyunsaturated fatty acids"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Metabolism",name:"Metabolism"}],openPracticeBadges:[],doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1079\u002FBJN2002662",value:"10.1079\u002FBJN2002662"},copyright:{statement:["Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002"],holder:["The Nutrition Society"],year:[2002]},creativeCommons:h,acceptedManuscript:b,type:"research-article",pageRange:{range:"355 - 363",firstPage:"355",lastPage:"363"},typeDescription:"Research Article",commentsCount:C,topicsAndSubtopics:h},journal:{id:D,title:i,titleSlug:E,mnemonic:"BJN",titleHistory:[],isFirstView:b,journalSlug:E,isCompanion:b,parentCompanionJournalName:i,associatedParentCollection:h,paymentInfo:{prices:{"£":{price:26,sku:o,skuNew:m,currency:"£"},"€":{price:31,sku:o,skuNew:m,currency:"€"},US$:{price:36,sku:o,skuNew:m,currency:"US$"},AU$:{price:51,sku:o,skuNew:m,currency:"AU$"}}},url:F,firstViewUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fbritish-journal-of-nutrition\u002Ffirstview",coverUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcovers\u002FBJN_0_0_0\u002Fbritish-journal-of-nutrition.jpg",submitMaterialsUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fbritish-journal-of-nutrition\u002Finformation\u002Fauthor-instructions\u002Fsubmitting-your-materials",hasHistory:b,latestTitle:i,latestId:D,hasPastTitle:b,issue:{id:"CD04CBAB96AB942F997212464A344895",number:"4",title:"Issue 4",publishedDate:"October 2002",printPublishTimestamp:1033434000000,url:G},volume:{id:"79CAACEF1EDB55B07F76A6478D565E22",number:"88",title:"Volume 88",publishedDate:"September 2002",printPublishTimestamp:1030842000000,url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fbritish-journal-of-nutrition\u002Fvolume\u002F79CAACEF1EDB55B07F76A6478D565E22"}},abstract:{textAbstracts:[{title:"Abstract",content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe capacity for conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALNA) to \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003En\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated in young men. Emulsified [\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EU\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E−\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA was administered orally with a mixed meal to six subjects consuming their habitual diet. Approximately 33 % of administered [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA was recovered as \u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003ECO\u003Cspan class=\"sub\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E on breath over the first 24 h. [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA was mobilised from enterocytes primarily as chylomicron triacylglycerol (TAG), while [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA incorporation into plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) occurred later, probably by the liver. The time scale of conversion of [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) suggested that the liver was the principal site of ALNA desaturation and elongation, although there was some indication of EPA and DPA synthesis by enterocytes. [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]EPA and [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]DPA concentrations were greater in plasma PC than TAG, and were present in the circulation for up to 7 and 14 d, respectively. There was no apparent \u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma PC, TAG or non-esterified fatty acids at any time point measured up to 21 d. This pattern of \u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003En\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E−3 fatty acid labelling suggests inhibition or restriction of DHA synthesis downstream of DPA. [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]ALNA, [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]EPA and [\u003Cspan class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EC]DPA were incorporated into erythrocyte PC, but not phosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting uptake of intact plasma PC molecules from lipoproteins into erythrocyte membranes. Since the capacity of adult males to convert ALNA to DHA was either very low or absent, uptake of pre-formed DHA from the diet may be critical for maintaining adequate membrane DHA concentrations in these individuals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",lang:H}]},content:{html:"\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",tableOfContent:[],footnotes:[],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{id:"manual_ref-1",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAllman\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPena\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EMM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPeng\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ED\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1995\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E) \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ESupplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflower oil in healthy young men when consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EEuropean Journal of Clinical Nutrition\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E49\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E169\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E178\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflower oil in healthy young men when consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function' 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F7774533\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Supplementation+with+flaxseed+oil+versus+sunflower+oil+in+healthy+young+men+when+consuming+a+low+fat+diet%3A+effects+on+platelet+composition+and+function&author=Allman+MA&author=Pena+MM&author=Peng+D&publication+year=1995&journal=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&volume=49&pages=169-178",openUrlParams:{genre:f,atitle:I,jtitle:p,title:p,volume:v,artnum:"65f4c28b9003ab000198008d",spage:J,epage:"178",date:w,sid:e,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:a,au:a},innerRefId:"ref001",title:I,pubMedId:"7774533",doi:a,crossRefLink:a,pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F7774533"}]},{id:"manual_ref-2",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBeitz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EDJA\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1995\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003Ea\u003C\u002Fem\u003E) \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ENutritional attributes of tradition flaxseed in healthy young adults\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003EAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E61\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E62\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E68\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Nutritional attributes of tradition flaxseed in healthy young adults' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fajcn\u002F61.1.62\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Nutritional attributes of tradition flaxseed in healthy young adults' 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class=\"given-names\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESinger\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EKyle\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EDJ\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E1995\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cem class=\"italic\"\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fem\u003E) \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003ESynthesis of linoleate and (-linolenate by chain elongation in the rat\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ELipids\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E30\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E781\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E783\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Synthesis of 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F10737229\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Long-term+effects+of+dietary+alpha-linolenic+acid+from+perilla+oil+on+serum+fatty+acid+composition+and+on+the+risk+factors+of+coronary+heart+disease+in+Japanese+elderly+subjects&author=Ezaki+O&author=Takahashi+M&author=Shigematsu+T&author=Shimamura+K&author=Kimura+J&author=Ezaki+H&author=Gotoh+T&publication+year=1999&journal=Journal+of+Nutritional+Science+and+Vitaminology+(Tokyo)&volume=45&doi=10.3177%2Fjnsv.45.759&pages=759-772",openUrlParams:{genre:f,atitle:ah,jtitle:ai,title:ai,volume:aj,artnum:"65f4c28b9003ab0001980098",spage:"759",epage:"772",date:j,sid:e,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:ak,au:a},innerRefId:"ref012",title:ah,pubMedId:"10737229",doi:ak,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.3177\u002Fjnsv.45.759",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F10737229"}]},{id:"manual_ref-13",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan 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class=\"source\"\u003EAtheriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E18\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E147\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E151\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for The adipocyte, fatty acid trapping and atherogenesis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1161\u002F01.ATV.18.2.147\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for The adipocyte, fatty acid trapping and atherogenesis' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=The+adipocyte%2C+fatty+acid+trapping+and+atherogenesis&author=Sniderman+AD&author=Cianflone+K&author=Arner+P&author=Summers+LKM&author=Frayn+KN&publication+year=1998&journal=Atheriosclerosis%2C+Thrombosis+and+Vascular+Biology&volume=18&doi=10.1161%2F01.ATV.18.2.147&pages=147-151\u003EGoogle 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class=\"sup\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fsup\u003EC]palmitic acid\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ELipids\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E32\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E337\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan class=\"lpage\"\u003E340\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E.\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='CrossRef link for Stable-isotope method for determining the gastrointestinal handling of [1-13C]palmitic acid' href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11745-997-0042-z\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Stable-isotope method for determining the gastrointestinal handling of [1-13C]palmitic acid' 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F9076672\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Stable-isotope+method+for+determining+the+gastrointestinal+handling+of+%5B1-13C%5Dpalmitic+acid&author=Stolinski+M&author=Murphy+JL&author=Jones+AE&author=Jackson+AA&author=Wootton+SA&publication+year=1997&journal=Lipids&volume=32&doi=10.1007%2Fs11745-997-0042-z&pages=337-340",openUrlParams:{genre:f,atitle:bd,jtitle:g,title:g,volume:"32",artnum:"65f4c28b9003ab00019800ac",spage:"337",epage:"340",date:A,sid:e,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:be,au:a},innerRefId:"ref032",title:bd,pubMedId:"9076672",doi:be,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11745-997-0042-z",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F9076672"}]},{id:"manual_ref-33",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1203\u002F00006450-199901000-00015\u003ECrossRef\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='Google Scholar link for Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of docosahexaenoate accretion in brain and associated organs of neonatal baboons' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Bioequivalence+of+dietary+alpha-linolenic+and+docosahexaenoic+acids+as+sources+of+docosahexaenoate+accretion+in+brain+and+associated+organs+of+neonatal+baboons&author=Su+HM&author=Bernardo+L&author=Mirmiran+M&author=Ma+XH&author=Corso+TN&author=Nathanielsz+PW&author=Brenna+JT&publication+year=1999&journal=Pediatric+Research&volume=45&doi=10.1203%2F00006450-199901000-00015&pages=87-93\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class='ref-link' target='_blank' aria-label='PubMed link for Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of 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href=https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F9890614\u003EPubMed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Bioequivalence+of+dietary+alpha-linolenic+and+docosahexaenoic+acids+as+sources+of+docosahexaenoate+accretion+in+brain+and+associated+organs+of+neonatal+baboons&author=Su+HM&author=Bernardo+L&author=Mirmiran+M&author=Ma+XH&author=Corso+TN&author=Nathanielsz+PW&author=Brenna+JT&publication+year=1999&journal=Pediatric+Research&volume=45&doi=10.1203%2F00006450-199901000-00015&pages=87-93",openUrlParams:{genre:f,atitle:bf,jtitle:k,title:k,volume:aj,artnum:"65f4c28b9003ab00019800ad",spage:"87",epage:aT,date:j,sid:e,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bg,au:a},innerRefId:"ref033",title:bf,pubMedId:"9890614",doi:bg,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1203\u002F00006450-199901000-00015",pubMedLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F9890614"}]},{id:"manual_ref-34",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ESu\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EHM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBernardo\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EL\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMirmiran\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMa\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EXH\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ENathanielsz\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EPW\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EBrenna\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan 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accretion in neonatal baboon brain and associated organs' href=https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Dietary+18%3A3n-3+and+22%3A6n-3+as+sources+of+22%3A6n-3+accretion+in+neonatal+baboon+brain+and+associated+organs&author=Su+HM&author=Bernardo+L&author=Mirmiran+M&author=Ma+XH&author=Nathanielsz+PW&author=Brenna+JT&publication+year=1999&journal=Lipids&volume=34&doi=10.1007%2FBF02562339&pages=S347-S350\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",item:[{googleScholarLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?title=Dietary+18%3A3n-3+and+22%3A6n-3+as+sources+of+22%3A6n-3+accretion+in+neonatal+baboon+brain+and+associated+organs&author=Su+HM&author=Bernardo+L&author=Mirmiran+M&author=Ma+XH&author=Nathanielsz+PW&author=Brenna+JT&publication+year=1999&journal=Lipids&volume=34&doi=10.1007%2FBF02562339&pages=S347-S350",openUrlParams:{genre:f,atitle:bh,jtitle:g,title:g,volume:y,artnum:"65f4c28b9003ab00019800ae",spage:"S347",epage:"S350",date:j,sid:e,aulast:a,aufirst:a,doi:bi,au:a},innerRefId:"ref034",title:bh,doi:bi,crossRefLink:"https:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FBF02562339",pubMedLink:a}]},{id:"manual_ref-35",displayNumber:a,existInContent:b,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EValsta\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ELM\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan 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attributes of tradition flaxseed in healthy young adults","68","10.1093\u002Fajcn\u002F61.1.62","Synthesis of linoleate and (-linolenate by chain elongation in the rat","10.1007\u002FBF02537807","Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on desaturation and uptake in vivo of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by male subjects","10.1007\u002Fs11745-999-0424-2","Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males","1994","10.1016\u002F0005-2760(94)00054-9","Long-term effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid from perilla oil on serum fatty acid composition and on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in Japanese elderly subjects","Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo)","45","10.3177\u002Fjnsv.45.759","A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues","10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(18)64849-5","Comparison of the effects of two diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids differing in their linoleic\u002Fα-linolenic acid ratio on platelet aggregation","Thrombosis and Haemostasis","Prolonged retention of doubly labelled phosphatidylcholine in human plasma and erythrocytes after oral administration","1992","10.1007\u002FBF02535580","Desaturation of linoleic acid in the small bowel is increased by short-term fasting and by dietary content of linoleic acid","10.1016\u002F0005-2760(92)90211-D","Can adults convert α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:5n-3)?","International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research","1998","[13C]Bicarbonate kinetics in humans: intra- vs. inter-individual variations","American Journal of Physiology","Effect of fatty acid chain length and saturation on the gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of dietary fatty acids in women","37","10.1017\u002FS0007114599000124","Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat","10.1079\u002FBJN19870046","Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men","10.1093\u002Fajcn\u002F69.5.872","Regulation of the biosynthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid","10.1074\u002Fjbc.271.27.16020","Physiological compartmental analysis of α-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans","42","10.1016\u002FS0022-2275(20)31576-5","Separation of plasma lipoproteins by density gradient ultracentrifugation","Analytical Biochemistry","10.1016\u002F0003-2697(75)90488-1","In vivo conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in human adults","Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids","10.1016\u002FS0952-3278(99)80021-0","Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants","Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA","93","10.1073\u002Fpnas.93.1.49","Intermediates in endogenous synthesis of C22:6ω3 and C20:4ω6 by term and preterm infants","10.1203\u002F00006450-199702000-00005","Linoleate, α-linolenate and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant Rhesus monkeys","10.1016\u002FS0022-2275(20)37470-8","The adipocyte, fatty acid trapping and atherogenesis","Atheriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology","10.1161\u002F01.ATV.18.2.147","Metabolism of highly unsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids","Biochimica et Biophysica Acta","10.1016\u002FS1388-1981(00)00077-9","Stable-isotope method for determining the gastrointestinal handling of [1-13C]palmitic acid","10.1007\u002Fs11745-997-0042-z","Bioequivalence of dietary alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids as sources of docosahexaenoate accretion in brain and associated organs of neonatal baboons","10.1203\u002F00006450-199901000-00015","Dietary 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 as sources of 22:6n-3 accretion in neonatal baboon brain and associated organs","10.1007\u002FBF02562339","Alpha-linolenic acid in rapeseed oil partly compensates for the effect of fish restriction on plasma long chain n-3 fatty acids","Effects of age and dietary n-3 fatty acids on the metabolism of [13C]-α-linolenic acid","10.1007\u002FBF02562259","Effects of dietary (-linolenic acid on the conversion and oxidation of [13C]-α-linolenic acid","10.1007\u002FBF02664762","The metabolism of 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase","10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(18)54882-1","Diagnosis and differentiation of fat malabsorption in children using [13C]-labelled lipids: trioctanoin, triolein and palmitic acid breath tests","Gastroenterology","10.1016\u002FS0016-5085(82)80255-2"));</script><script src="/core/page-component/06cd607.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/20147ec.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/722ace3.js" defer></script><script 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If this is the first time you used this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your Google Drive account. <a href="/core/help">Find out more about saving content to Google Drive</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row book-title"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="heading_08"><div class="title">Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of α-linolenic acid metabolism in young men<a href='fn01' ref-type='fn'>*</a></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row book-details book-overview"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li class="volume-issue">Volume 88, <a href="">Issue 4</a></li> <li class="author"> <a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Graham C. Burdge&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Graham C. Burdge</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup><span class="separator ">, </span><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Amanda E. 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fill="#0072CF" d="M20.4 25.3V15.2h-4.9v2.2h1.1v7.9h-1.1v2.2h6v-2.2h-1.1zm-1.9-11.4c1 0 1.9-1 1.9-2.2 0-1.2-.8-2.2-1.9-2.2s-1.9 1-1.9 2.2c0 1.2.9 2.2 1.9 2.2z"/> </svg> </a> </span> <div id="comment-email-tip_--x--" data-dropdown-content role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" class="f-dropdown content medium" data-remove-focus="true" aria-label="Email information"> <div class="close-container"> <a href="#" class="button small transparent-no-border radius tooltip-close-btn" id="tooltip-close-link-comment-email-tip_--x--"> <span class="custom-tooltip-button-remove"> <span class="sr-only">Close Email help</span> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <defs> <path d="M9.986 0C4.479 0 0 4.434 0 9.916c0 5.469 4.465 9.916 9.986 9.916 5.507 0 9.986-4.433 9.986-9.916C19.958 4.434 15.493 0 9.986 0z" id="a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/> <mask id="b-comment-email-tip_--x--" x="0" y="0" width="19.972" height="19.832" fill="#fff"><use xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/></mask> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <use stroke="#436FCC" mask="url(#b-comment-email-tip_--x--)" stroke-width="2" xlink:href="#a-comment-email-tip_--x--"/> <path d="M14.778 13.325a.983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385.982.982 0 0 1-.704.28c-.254 0-.507-.098-.704-.28l-3.352-3.329-3.353 3.329a.973.973 0 0 1-.69.28 1.01 1.01 0 0 1-.69-.28.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.385l3.352-3.328-3.352-3.33a.983.983 0 0 1 0-1.384 1 1 0 0 1 1.395 0l3.352 3.329 3.352-3.329a1 1 0 0 1 1.394 0 .983.983 0 0 1 0 1.385l-3.352 3.329 3.352 3.328z" fill="#436FCC"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> <p id="info-comment-email-tip_--x--" class="text-left">Your email address will be used in order to notify you when your comment has been reviewed by the moderator and in case the author(s) of the article or the moderator need to contact you directly.</p> </div> <input name="emailAddress_--x--" 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