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Noyes, G. N. Lewis, and Linus Pauling, and of key institutions, including MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, and Caltech. In the early twentieth century, physical chemistry was a new hybrid science, the molecular biology of its time. The names of its progenitors were familiar to everyone who was scientifically literate; studies of aqueous solutions and of chemical thermodynamics had transformed scientific knowledge of chemical affinity. By exploring the relationship of the discipline to industry and to other sciences, and by tracing the research of its leading American practitioners, Servos shows how physical chemistry was eclipsed by its own offspring--specialties like quantum chemistry."/><meta property="og:title" content="Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73ettkQw2brplyqdTGuYhzHrUo3uByFmi7iWAo4A1XwAIiGla9J3bhpU98wtukEQXUF5He_bVB_Snh9LTlN4R4uSFqoURyeGz7ri94bFxhb6lrJEt5-mHCnbW0KAbghxzrmcD2F"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73ettkQw2brplyqdTGuYhzHrUo3uByFmi7iWAo4A1XwAIiGla9J3bhpU98wtukEQXUF5He_bVB_Snh9LTlN4R4uSFqoURyeGz7ri94bFxhb6lrJEt5-mHCnbW0KAbghxzrmcD2F"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D1UZjU2WfLAoC%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Servos</span></a></div><div><span dir=ltr>Princeton University Press</span>, 1990 - <a class="secondary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science%22&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0"><span dir=ltr>Science</span></a> - <span dir=ltr>402 pages</span></div></div><div id=synopsis><div id=synopsis-window><div id=synopsistext dir=ltr class="sa"><p>John Servos explains the emergence of physical chemistry in America by presenting a series of lively portraits of such pivotal figures as Wilhelm Ostwald, A. A. Noyes, G. N. Lewis, and Linus Pauling, and of key institutions, including MIT, the University of California at Berkeley, and Caltech. In the early twentieth century, physical chemistry was a new hybrid science, the molecular biology of its time. The names of its progenitors were familiar to everyone who was scientifically literate; studies of aqueous solutions and of chemical thermodynamics had transformed scientific knowledge of chemical affinity. By exploring the relationship of the discipline to industry and to other sciences, and by tracing the research of its leading American practitioners, Servos shows how physical chemistry was eclipsed by its own offspring--specialties like quantum chemistry.</p></div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="1UZjU2WfLAoC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Modern Chemistry Is in Need of Reform </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>3</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>4</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Physicalist Traditions in Nineteenth </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>11</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Ostwald vant Hoff </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>20</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The New Chemistry of the Ionists </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>39</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER 2 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>46</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER 3 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>100</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>A Massachusetts Yankee Builds a Court </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>110</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Use and Abuse of the Phase Rule </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>183</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bancroft Redux </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>194</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER 5 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>202</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER 6 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>251</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>From Base Camp to Temple </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>263</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Chemistry at Caltech </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>269</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>From Student to Teacher </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>275</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>CHAPTER 7 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>299</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Anomaly of Strong </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>120</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>From Activities to a Table of Free </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>138</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Research Laboratory of Physical Chemistry in Retrospect </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>150</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Wilder D Bancroft and His Agenda for Physical </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>156</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bancroft at Cornell </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>163</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Appeal of the Phase Rule </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>174</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bancrofts Journal and American Physical Chemists </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>308</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The End of Bancrofts Editorship and the Birth of the Journal </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>315</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bancroft and the Traditions of Physical Chemistry </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>321</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">150 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>346</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&pg=PA391&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1" ><span title="Index " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>391</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN0691026149&id=1UZjU2WfLAoC'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=9-I9DwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=9-I9DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=9-I9DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2"><span dir=ltr>Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling: The Making of a Science in America</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+W.+Servos%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>John W. Servos</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 1990</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dOUXEAAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=dOUXEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=dOUXEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2"><span dir=ltr>Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling: The Making of a Science in America</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+W.+Servos%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>John W. Servos</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2021</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling","authors":"John W. Servos","bib_key":"ISBN:9780691026145","pub_date":"1990","snippet":"John Servos explains the emergence of physical chemistry in America by presenting a series of lively portraits of such pivotal figures as Wilhelm Ostwald, A. A. Noyes, G. 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A. Noyes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=academic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>academic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=activity&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>activity</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=affinity&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>affinity</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=alloys&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>alloys</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=American+Chemical+Society&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>American Chemical Society</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=applied&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>applied</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Arrhenius&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Arrhenius</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=atoms&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>atoms</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Bancroft&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Bancroft</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=behavior&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>behavior</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Bray&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Bray</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Caltech&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Caltech</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Carnegie&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Carnegie</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chem&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>chem</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemical+affinity&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>chemical affinity</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemical+bond&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>chemical bond</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemical+engineering&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>chemical engineering</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemical+reactions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>chemical reactions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemical+thermodynamics&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>chemical thermodynamics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemistry+department&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>chemistry department</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=chemists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>chemists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=colleagues&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>colleagues</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=colloid+chemistry&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>colloid chemistry</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=concentration&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>concentration</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Cornell&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Cornell</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=course&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>course</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=crystals&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>crystals</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=developed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>developed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=discipline&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>discipline</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=electrical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>electrical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=electrolytic+dissociation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>electrolytic dissociation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=electrons&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>electrons</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=equation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>equation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=equilibrium&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>equilibrium</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=experimental&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>experimental</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=free+energy&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>free energy</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=G.+N.+Lewis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>G. N. Lewis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=German&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>German</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=graduate&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>graduate</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Hale&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Hale</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Harvard&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Harvard</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Hoff%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Hoff's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=ical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>ical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=ideas&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>ideas</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=important&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>important</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=inorganic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>inorganic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Institute&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Institute</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=interest&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>interest</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Ionists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Ionists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=ionization&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ionization</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=ions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=istry&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>istry</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Journal+of+Physical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Journal of Physical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Laboratory+of+Physical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Laboratory of Physical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=law+of+mass&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>law of mass</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Leipzig&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Leipzig</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Lewis%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Lewis's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Linus+Pauling&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Linus Pauling</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=magmas&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>magmas</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=mass+action&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>mass action</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=mathematics&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>mathematics</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=measure&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>measure</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=methods&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>methods</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=MIT%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>MIT's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=molecular&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>molecular</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=molecules&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>molecules</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Nernst&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Nernst</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Noyes+and+Lewis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Noyes and Lewis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Noyes%27s+laboratory&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Noyes's laboratory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=organic+chemistry&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>organic chemistry</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Ostwald&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Ostwald</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=papers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>papers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Pauling&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Pauling</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Pauling%27s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Pauling's</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=phase+rule&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>phase rule</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=phys&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>phys</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=physical+chemistry&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>physical chemistry</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=physicists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>physicists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=physico-chemical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>physico-chemical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=principles&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>principles</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=problems&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>problems</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=properties&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>properties</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Research+Laboratory&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Research Laboratory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=salt&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>salt</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=scientific&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>scientific</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=scientists&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>scientists</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=strong+electrolytes&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>strong electrolytes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=structure&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>structure</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=substances&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>substances</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=T.+W.+Richards&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>T. W. Richards</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Tech&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Tech</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=techniques&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>techniques</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=temperature&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>temperature</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=theoretical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>theoretical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=theory&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>theory</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=tion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=universities&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>universities</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=valence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>valence</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=values&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>values</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=van%27t+Hoff&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>van't Hoff</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Whitney&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Whitney</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=Wilhelm+Ostwald&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Wilhelm Ostwald</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=wrote&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>wrote</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&q=X-ray&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>X-ray</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id=citations_module class=about_content><div id=citations_module_v><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=EEQdk9GRfkoC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=EEQdk9GRfkoC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=EEQdk9GRfkoC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22Physical+Chemistry+from+Ostwald+to+Pauling%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Naomi+Oreskes%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Naomi Oreskes</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 1999</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=PHH3iE2LPCoC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=PHH3iE2LPCoC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=PHH3iE2LPCoC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22Physical+Chemistry+from+Ostwald+to+Pauling%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Nylon and Bombs: DuPont and the March of Modern America</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Pap+Ndiaye%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Pap Ndiaye</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2007</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><a class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=cites:ISBN0691026149&id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>All Book Search results &raquo;</span></a></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(1990)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>John W. Servos is Professor of History at Amherst College. </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling: The Making of a Science in America</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22ACLS+Humanities+E-Book%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><i><span dir=ltr>ACLS Humanities E-Book</span></i></a><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22Princeton+paperbacks%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><i><span dir=ltr>Princeton paperbacks</span></i></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+W.+Servos%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>John W. Servos</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated, reprint</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Princeton University Press, 1990</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>0691026149, 9780691026145</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>402 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Science</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science+Chemistry%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Chemistry</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science+Chemistry+Physical+%26+Theoretical%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Physical & Theoretical</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science+/+Chemistry+/+Physical+%26+Theoretical%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Science / Chemistry / Physical & Theoretical</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Science+/+History%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Science / History</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Physical_Chemistry_from_Ostwald_to_Pauli.bibtex?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Physical_Chemistry_from_Ostwald_to_Pauli.enw?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Physical_Chemistry_from_Ostwald_to_Pauli.ris?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D1UZjU2WfLAoC%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"1UZjU2WfLAoC","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":true,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" style="font-size:83%;text-align:center;position:relative;top:20px;height:4.5em;margin-top:2em"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/about.html"><nobr><nobr>About Google Books</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/privacy.html"><nobr><nobr>Privacy Policy</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/tos.html"><nobr><nobr>Terms of Service</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/partner/?hl=en-SG"><nobr><nobr>Information for Publishers</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/answer/180577?hl=en-SG&url=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&redir_esc=y&hl=en&v=1UZjU2WfLAoC&is=atb"><nobr><nobr>Report an issue</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG"><nobr><nobr>Help</nobr></nobr></a> - <a href="https://www.google.com.sg/"><nobr><nobr>Google Home</nobr></nobr></a></div></div></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>