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for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Eremu+hurbileko+komunikazio" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Eremu+hurbileko+komunikazio" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Eremu+hurbileko+komunikazio" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Eremu+hurbileko+komunikazio" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_(RFID)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_(RFID)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa (RFID)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_(RFID)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa (RFID) azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_(RFID)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Irakurlea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irakurlea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Irakurlea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irakurlea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jomuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jomuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Jomuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jomuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etiketa_pasiboa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiketa_pasiboa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Etiketa pasiboa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiketa_pasiboa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiketa_aktiboak:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiketa_aktiboak:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Etiketa aktiboak:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiketa_aktiboak:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFC_Teknologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFC_Teknologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>NFC Teknologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-NFC_Teknologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu NFC Teknologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-NFC_Teknologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funtzionamendua:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzionamendua:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Funtzionamendua:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funtzionamendua:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFC_Irakurlea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFC_Irakurlea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>NFC Irakurlea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NFC_Irakurlea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Irakurri/Idatzi_modua:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irakurri/Idatzi_modua:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Irakurri/Idatzi modua:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irakurri/Idatzi_modua:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jomuga_portaera:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jomuga_portaera:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Jomuga portaera:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jomuga_portaera:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-P2P_(Peer-to-Peer)_modua:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P2P_(Peer-to-Peer)_modua:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>P2P (Peer-to-Peer) modua:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P2P_(Peer-to-Peer)_modua:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontakturik_gabeko_bateria_kargatu:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontakturik_gabeko_bateria_kargatu:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Kontakturik gabeko bateria kargatu:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontakturik_gabeko_bateria_kargatu:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NFC_Jomuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NFC_Jomuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>NFC Jomuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NFC_Jomuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tag_1_Type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tag_1_Type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Tag 1 Type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tag_1_Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tag_2_Type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tag_2_Type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Tag 2 Type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tag_2_Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tag_3_Type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tag_3_Type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Tag 3 Type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tag_3_Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tag_4_Type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tag_4_Type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Tag 4 Type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tag_4_Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beste_teknologiekiko_konparazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_teknologiekiko_konparazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Beste teknologiekiko konparazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_teknologiekiko_konparazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eremu hurbileko komunikazio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 52 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89" title="اتصال قريب المدى – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتصال قريب المدى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3_de_camp_proper" title="Comunicació de camp proper – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comunicació de camp proper" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئێن ئێف سی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێن ئێف سی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rfeltskommunikation" title="Nærfeltskommunikation – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærfeltskommunikation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Near-field communication" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_campo_cercano" title="Comunicación de campo cercano – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunicación de campo cercano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ارتباطات میدان‌نزدیک – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارتباطات میدان‌نزدیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Near-field communication" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Near-field communication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="תקשורת שדה קרוב – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקשורת שדה קרוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="नियर फील्ड कम्युनिकेशन – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नियर फील्ड कम्युनिकेशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikacija_bliskog_polja" title="Komunikacija bliskog polja – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Komunikacija bliskog polja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(NFC)" title="Մերձդաշտային հաղորդակցություն (NFC) – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձդաշտային հաղորդակցություն (NFC)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_medan_dekat" title="Komunikasi medan dekat – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komunikasi medan dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="近距離無線通信 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近距離無線通信" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communications" title="Near Field Communications – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Near Field Communications" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D" title="នៅជិតវាលគមនាគមន៍ – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នៅជិតវាលគមនាគមន៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%A0_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0" title="근거리 무선 통신 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근거리 무선 통신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuv%C4%81_lauka_sakari" title="Tuvā lauka sakari – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuvā lauka sakari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="നിയർ ഫീൽഡ് കമ്മ്യൂണിക്കേഷൻ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയർ ഫീൽഡ് കമ്മ്യൂണിക്കേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikasi_medan_dekat" title="Komunikasi medan dekat – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komunikasi medan dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Near-field communication" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rfeltskommunikasjon" title="Nærfeltskommunikasjon – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nærfeltskommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunicacion_de_camp_pr%C3%B2che" title="Comunicacion de camp pròche – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunicacion de camp pròche" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunikacja_bliskiego_zasi%C4%99gu" title="Komunikacja bliskiego zasięgu – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komunikacja bliskiego zasięgu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication" title="Near field communication – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Near field communication" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication" title="Near field communication – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Near field communication" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication" title="Near Field Communication – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Near Field Communication" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rf%C3%A4ltskommunikation" title="Närfältskommunikation – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närfältskommunikation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="அண்மைத் தகவல் தொடர்பு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்மைத் தகவல் தொடர்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89" title="การสื่อสารสนามใกล้ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสื่อสารสนามใกล้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Near-field communication" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC" title="NFC – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NFC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%BA%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1" title="近场通信 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近场通信" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%A0%B4%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="近場通訊 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近場通訊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p><b>Eremu hurbileko komunikazioa</b> ingelesez <b>Near Field Comunication (NFC)</b> deritzona distantzia oso txikietan ematen den komunikazioan oinarritzen den teknologia da. Honek bi gailu eramangarri ezberdinen arteko informazio trukaketa burutzea du helburu. <a href="/wiki/Irrati-komunikazio" title="Irrati-komunikazio">Irrati-komunikazioan</a> oinarritzen den teknologia honek, transakzio sinpleak, eduki digitalaren trukaketa edo bi gailu elektronikoren arteko konexioa erraztasunez gauzatzea ahalbidetzen du. Teknologia hau bateragarria da jada existitzen diren ehunka kontaktu-gabeko etiketa ezberdinekin. NFC teknologia, <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFDI</a> teknologian oinarritzen da, teknologia hau beregain hartzen dituen komunikazio era ezberdinen barnean kokatzen da. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_(RFID)"><span id="Irrati_Frekuentzia_bidezko_Identifikazioa_.28RFID.29"></span>Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa (RFID)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa (RFID)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa (RFID)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:NFC_History.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NFC_History.png/545px-NFC_History.png" decoding="async" width="545" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NFC_History.png/818px-NFC_History.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/NFC_History.png 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>NFC-ren garapena</figcaption></figure> <p>Irrati Frekuentzia bidezko Identifikazioa edo <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a> (<i>Radio Frequency Identification</i>) teknologia irrati frekuentzia bidez elementuen identifikazio prozesua arautzen duen teknologia da, NFC bere barnean kokatzen dena.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ohikoa izaten da NFC teknologia RFID teknologiatik kanpo edo honen pareko maila batean kokatzea NFCk azken urteotan eduki duen garapenarengatik, baina izatez, RFID teknologia barnean kokatzen den azpisail bat da NFC. Teknologia hau 10 cmra mugatzen da eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frekuentzia_altuen_bandan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frekuentzia altuen bandan (sortu gabe)">frekuentzia altuen bandan</a> (HF, Hight Frecuency) egiten du lan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teknologia hau zabala da oso, bere barnean frekuentzia banda oso zabala eta protokolo ugari barnebiltzen ditu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irakurlea">Irakurlea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irakurlea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Irakurlea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irakurlea <a href="/wiki/Mikrokontrolagailu" title="Mikrokontrolagailu">mikrokontrolagailu</a> eta antena batean oinarritzen da normalean eta bere funtzionamendua <a href="/wiki/Indukzio_elektromagnetiko" title="Indukzio elektromagnetiko">indukzio elktromagnetiko</a> printzipioan oinarritzen da. <a href="/wiki/Eremu_elektromagnetiko" title="Eremu elektromagnetiko">Eremu elektromagnetiko</a> bat mantentzen du bere inguruan etiketa bat hark sortutako eremura gerturatu bitartean, etiketaren bat nabaritzean haien arteko informazio elkartrukeari hasiera ematen dio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jomuga">Jomuga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jomuga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Jomuga"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jomuga ohikoena eranskailu baten itxura duten etiketa deritzona da. Hauek pasiboak edo aktiboak izan daitezke, jokabidearen arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Etiketa_pasiboa">Etiketa pasiboa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etiketa pasiboa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Etiketa pasiboa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG/220px-RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG/330px-RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG/440px-RFID_tag_of_a_garment.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>RFID etiketa</figcaption></figure> <p>Etiketa hauek dira ohikoenak, hauek ez dute haien barnean inongo energia iturririk eta aski zaie Irakurlearen <a href="/wiki/Eremu_elektromagnetiko" title="Eremu elektromagnetiko">eremu elektromagnetikoan</a> jasotzen duten energia funtzionatu ahal izateko. Aktiboak baino eragiketa sinpleagoak egin ditzaketen arren, hainbat eragiketa sinple egin ditzake, identifikazioan oinarritutako aplikazioetarako aproposak izan ohi direnak. Horretaz gain, ez dutenez enerjia ornitzailerik, haien hautemate esparrua murritzagoa da.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Etiketa_aktiboak:">Etiketa aktiboak:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etiketa aktiboak:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Etiketa aktiboak:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etiketa mota hauek energia iturriren bat edukitzen dute haien barnean. Pasiboek baino iritsiera ahalmen handiagoa dute eta elkartrukatu dezaketen datu kantitatea handiagoa da. Hala ere, pasiboak baino garestiagoak direnez eta bateria baten menpe daudenez ez dira oso ohikoak eta aplikazio oso zehatzetarako besterik ez dira erabiltzen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NFC_Teknologia">NFC Teknologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «NFC Teknologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: NFC Teknologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Eremu Hurbileko Komunikazioa</b> <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFDI</a> teknologia barnean kokatzen den komunikazio motari deritzo. Hau 10 cm-ra mugatzen da eta HF (High Frecuency) frekuentzia esparruan lan egiten du. Teknologia honek 13,56 MHzko frekuentzian funtzionatzen du ISO/EIC 18000-3<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protokoloari jarraiki eta 106 kbits/s-ko edo 424 kbits/s-ko abiadura bitarrean egiten lan. NFC <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFDI</a> teknologia bezala, irakurle eta jomuga batez osatua dagoen komunikazio batean oinarritzen da. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funtzionamendua:">Funtzionamendua:</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzionamendua:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzionamendua:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NFC teknologiak bi gailu ezberdinen arteko informazio trukaketa du helburu eta hau egin ahal izateko hiru eginbehar bereiz daitezke: </p> <ol><li>NFC irakurleak jomugarekin kontaktatu behar du informazioa bertara bidali ahal izateko, horretarako Irrati Frekuentzia <a href="/wiki/Modulazio" title="Modulazio">modulatzen</a> du.</li> <li>NFC irakurleak NFC jomugatik datorkion informazioa irakurri behar du, ondoren eragiketak egiteko baliatuko du datorkion informazioa.</li> <li>NFC teknologian etiketa pasiboak besterik ez daudenez, Irakurleak jomuga aktibatzeko behar besteko energiaz hornitu behar du etiketa. Honek etiketak txikiak izatea ahalbidetzen du, bertan inolako energia iturririk ez baita gehitu behar. Horretaz gain, teknologia hau kontaktu gabeko bateriak hornitu ahal izateko ere erabiltzen da etiketen printzipio berdinean oinarrituz.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NFC_Irakurlea">NFC Irakurlea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «NFC Irakurlea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: NFC Irakurlea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NFC irakurleak <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFD</a>I irakurlearen funtzionamendu antzekoa du. Hau antena batez, eta <a href="/wiki/Mikrokontrolagailu" title="Mikrokontrolagailu">mikrokontrolagailu</a> batez, gutxienez, osatuta egon ohi da. Irakurle honek ordea, hainbat era ezberdinetan joka dezake NFC komunikazio baten kasuan. Honen jokatzeko moduek zerikusi zuzena dute gaur egun teknologia honek hartu duen paperarekin, izan ere <a href="/wiki/Telefono_adimentsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Telefono adimentsu">smartphonetan</a> ikusi ohi da gehienbat.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Irakurri/Idatzi_modua:"><span id="Irakurri.2FIdatzi_modua:"></span>Irakurri/Idatzi modua:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Irakurri/Idatzi modua:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Irakurri/Idatzi modua:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ohiko irakurle baten funtzionamendua litzateke hau, kasu honetan NFC irakurlea etiketa batekin jarriko litzateke kontaktuan eta hark kontrolatuko luke komunikazioa. Txartel bat irakurtzerakoan emango litzatekeen eragiketa da hau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jomuga_portaera:">Jomuga portaera:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jomuga portaera:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Jomuga portaera:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasu honetan etiketa bat balitz bezala jokatuko luke NFC irakurleak, beste Irakurle batek irakurtzen duen bitartean. Kasu hau litzateke mugikorrek txartelak ordezkatzearen arrazoia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="P2P_(Peer-to-Peer)_modua:"><span id="P2P_.28Peer-to-Peer.29_modua:"></span>P2P (Peer-to-Peer) modua:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «P2P (Peer-to-Peer) modua:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: P2P (Peer-to-Peer) modua:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modu hau NFC irakurle bat beste batekin kontaktuan jartzean erabiltzen da. Kasu honetan biek irakurle gisa edo maila bereko gailu gisa ematen dute informazio trukaketa. Datu transferentzia modu erraz batean ematen denez oso baliagarria da gaur egungo mugikorretan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kontakturik_gabeko_bateria_kargatu:">Kontakturik gabeko bateria kargatu:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontakturik gabeko bateria kargatu:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kontakturik gabeko bateria kargatu:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modu hau nahiko berria da eta honen garapena fintzen ari da gaur egun. NFC teknologiak, komunikazioaz gain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_transferentzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energia transferentzia (sortu gabe)">energia transferentzia</a>n oinarri den teknologia izanik baliabide ezberdinak garatzen ari dira, haien artean, bateria elkarbanatu dezaketen mugikorrak edo kablerik gabeko hornitzaileak topa daitezke.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NFC_Jomuga">NFC Jomuga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «NFC Jomuga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: NFC Jomuga"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:NFC_Tag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/NFC_Tag.png/166px-NFC_Tag.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/NFC_Tag.png/249px-NFC_Tag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/NFC_Tag.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>NFC etiketa</figcaption></figure> <p>NFC Jomugak <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a> jomugen antzekoak dira, kasu honetan ere aktiboak eta pasiboak badiren arren, pasiboak dira ohikoenak eta gehien ikus daitezkeenak. Hauek indukzio elektromagnetiko printzipioaren bitartez eskuratzen dute lan egiteko behar duten energia irakurletik nahikoa gertu daudenean.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jomuga hauek irakurleak irakurtzen duen informazioa gordetzen dute, eta lau mota ezberdinetan banatu daitezke haien abiadura bitarraren eta memoriaren tamainaren arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tag_1_Type">Tag 1 Type</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tag 1 Type»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Tag 1 Type"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tag 1 Type etiketa motak ISO14443A estandarrean<sup id="cite_ref-#1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oinarritzen dira. Hauek irakurketa eta berridazketa ahalbidetzen dute baina erabiltzaileak irakurketara bakarrik muga ditzake. 96 byteko memoria du nahikoa dena web-orri baten <a href="/wiki/URL" class="mw-redirect" title="URL">URL</a>a edo datu kantitate txikiak gordetzeko. Memoria hau, hala ere, 2 kbytera hedatu daiteke. 106kbits/s-ko abiaduretan burutzen du komunikazioa. Mota honetako etiketak sinpleak eta merkeak dira oinarrizko NFC aplikazioetarako baliagarriak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tag_2_Type">Tag 2 Type</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tag 2 Type»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Tag 2 Type"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tag 2 Type motako etiketak aurrekoak bezala ISO14443A estandarrean<sup id="cite_ref-#1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oinarritzen dira. Tag 1 Typen portaera oso antzekoa dute. Irakurri eta berridazteko eginak dauden arren erabiltzaileak hau alda dezake irakurtzera mugatuz. Hala ere, mota honetako etiketek memoria handiagoa dute 48 bytetakoa eta aurrekoaren antzera 2 kbytetara hedatu daiteke. Komunikazio abiadura handiagoa dute 106 kbit/s-ko abiaduran egiten ohi du lan. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg/182px-Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg" decoding="async" width="182" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg/273px-Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg/364px-Sony_PaSoRi_FeliCa_MySony_wave_smartcard_front.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>FeliCa etiketa bat</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tag_3_Type">Tag 3 Type</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tag 3 Type»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Tag 3 Type"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tag 3 Type etiketak Sonyren FeliCa<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifikazio sisteman oinarritzen dira. 2 kbyteko memoria dute eta 212 kbit/s-ko komunikazio abiaduran egiten dute lan. Sonyk garatutako identifikazio sistema honek eragiketa konplexuagoak egiteko aukera ematen du, baina prezio altuagoa du beste etiketekin konparatuz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tag_4_Type">Tag 4 Type</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tag 4 Type»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Tag 4 Type"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tag 4 Type motako etiketak bateragarriak dira ISO14443A eta B estandarrekin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NFC etiketa hauek aurretik konfiguratuta daude eta irakurtzeko soilik, edo irakurri eta berridazteko izan daitezke. Hauek 32 kbyteko memoria dute eta hauen komunikazio abiadura 106 kbit/s-ko eta 424 kbit/s-koren artean dago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beste_teknologiekiko_konparazioa">Beste teknologiekiko konparazioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste teknologiekiko konparazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Beste teknologiekiko konparazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">Aririk gabeko</a> teknologia ezberdinak daude gaur egun merkatuan, pixkanaka kablean oinarritzen diren teknologiak ordezkatzen doazenak. Distantzia ezberdinetan oinarritzen diren arren, gehienek energia iturri baten beharra dute funtzionatu ahal izateko. Horrez gain, normalean halako distantzien arteko komunikazioa ezarri ahal izateko, komunikazioan parte hartzen duten bi gailuen arteko konfigurazio minimoren bat eman beharra dago. WI-FI edo Bluetooth teknologiak dira honen adibide.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NFC teknologia, aldiz, distantzia txikietan oinarritzen da. Informazio trukaketa denbora oso laburrean burutzen du eta eragiketa sinpleak egitean oinarritzen da. Gainera, oso distantzia txikietan ematen den komunikazioa denez, segurtasunari dagokionez oso sendoa da. Ezaugarri hauek identifikaziorako, ordainketetarako edo beste informazio trukaketetarako ezin hobea bihurtzen dute.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfc-forum.org/what-is-nfc/">«What Is NFC?»</a> <i>NFC Forum</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-12)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mundonfc.wordpress.com/2012/02/08/diferencia-entre-nfc-y-rfid/">«Diferencia entre NFC y RFID»</a> <i>Mundo NFC</i> 2012-02-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> (PDF) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronicaestudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NFC.pdf"><i>Electronica Estudio. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2015eko iraila.)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPontius2017-04-07">Pontius, Nicole.  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Learn How RFID Tags Work, What They're Used for, and Some of the Disadvantages of RFID Technology»</a> <i>Camcode</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-07)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://components101.com/sensors/rfid-tag">«RFID Tag - Active and Passive RFID Tags & Their Working»</a> <i>components101.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.atlasrfidstore.com/active-rfid-vs-passive-rfid">«Active RFID vs. Passive RFID: What's the Difference?»</a> <i>RFID Insider</i> 2016-03-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/05/34/53424.html">«ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Near-field_communication&oldid=925463296"><i>Near-field communication. </i></a> 2019-11-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-12)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfc-forum.org/what-is-nfc/about-the-technology/">«About the Technology»</a> <i>NFC Forum</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-12)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bq.com/es/etiquetas-nfc">«Etiquetas NFC»</a> <i>www.bq.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: otsaila 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://igotoffer.com/blog/wireless-charging-nfc">«Wireless Charging: NFC Can Charge Your Gadgets! | iGotOffer»</a> <i>iGotOffer Blog</i> 2019-01-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/nfc-tag.htm">«What's an NFC tag?»</a> <i>HowStuffWorks</i> 2012-03-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/connectivity/nfc-near-field-communication/tags-types.php">«NFC Tags | NFC Tag Types | Electronics Notes»</a> <i>www.electronics-notes.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-13)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-14">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_14-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_14-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/07/35/73596.html">«ISO/IEC 14443-1:2018»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sony.net/Products/felica/about/">«Sony Global - FeliCa - Overview of FeliCa - What is FeliCa ?»</a> <i>www.sony.net</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smartchipsystem.com/blog/2017/07/07/what-are-the-differences-between-iso-14443a-14443b-and-c-proximity-coupling-smart-cards/"><i>What are the differences between ISO 14443A, 14443B and C proximity coupling smart cards? – NFC tag,rfid chip and pvc card supplier. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextecno.com/como-se-compara-nfc-con-otras-tecnologias/">«Cómo se compara NFC con otras tecnologías»</a> <i>Nextecno</i> 2018-12-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBBVA2017-11-22">BBVA.  (2017-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbva.com/es/pagos-proximidad-movil-nfc-mas-realidad/">«Los pagos por proximidad con el móvil (NFC), más que una realidad»</a> <i>BBVA NOTICIAS</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-19)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eremu_hurbileko_komunikazio&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The History of RFID (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1549751">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1549751</a>) - IEEE zientzia aldizkarian argitaratutako artikulua RFIDren garapen historikoa lantzen. (ingelesez)</li> <li>Performance limitations of passive UHF RFID systems ( <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1710704">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1710704</a>) - IEEE zientzia aldizkarian argitaratutako artikulua RFIDren etiketei buruz. (ingelesez)</li> <li>NFC tags associated with location (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US9246555B2/en">https://patents.google.com/patent/US9246555B2/en</a>) - NFC etiketak posizioa zehazteko teknologia gisa erabiltzeko patentearen informazioa. (ingelesez)</li> <li>Sony <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sony.net/Products/felica/">Felica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mifare.net/en/">Mifare RFID/NFC tags</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nxp.com/">NXP semiconductors</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output 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