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Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/2129288/690911/907335/s200_daan.raemaekers.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques" /> <meta property="og:title" content="2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers" /> <meta name="description" content="In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer" /> <title>(PDF) 2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques | Daan Raemaekers - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '0d9696f4e54fc404c5bde510065173bf76b5d515'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732560593000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732560593000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer containing large amounts of carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, flint and pottery. These sites are usually interpreted as occupation sites with accumulated refuse of a society in transition from a Mesolithic to a Neolithic lifestyle (hunting and herding), in an area that was too wet for crops. In the context of a new research campaign in the area, we investigated the site- and land-use on two locations (S2 and S4) using micromorphological techniques. On S2, the soil matrix in the archaeological horizon has a heterogeneous, non-sedimentary appearance due to the ubiquitous presence of rounded and subrounded aggregates. These aggregates indicate that the sediment was disturbed after deposition, but it is unclear by what human activity. This disturbance is not restricted to the archaeological site horizon, but extends also into the under- and overlying layers. On S4, three layers can be distinguished. Only the lower and central parts are usually regarded as archaeological layers. The lower layer shows thorough mixing of the (partly decalcified) groundmass and the incorporation of anthropogenic materials (carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, etc.). Most probably, the thorough mixing is a result of tillage. The central layer consists of thinly laminated phytoliths and carbonized plant remains with ample fragments of (burnt) bone, angular sediment clods and some dog coprolites. Mineral sediments are absent. Apparently, the layer was formed by human activities that resulted in a massive accumulation of burnt organic materials and anthropogenic debris. The preservation of the microlayering formed by phytoliths and carbonized is remarkable, since trampling would have deformed or disturbed the layering. The surprising conclusion therefore has to be that this location was not the main settlement area—as was implicitly thought until now. Rather, the area should be interpreted as a location where specific activities resulted in the accumulation of burnt plant material, e.g. a waste dump. The upper layer again has indications of anthropogenic soil disturbance. Samples from the basin adjacent to the levee site show sediments that are deformed by trampling. The transition of the site to the channel shows no signs of trampling, but rather interfingering of site layers with channel sediments. Lack of trampling in the central zone of S4 and the adjacent channel shore is at odds with the classical interpretation that the site represents a settlement area. The black layers that up till now were thought to encompass a complete settlement, could very well be a very prominent part of larger sites with remains of human activities during the Neolithic.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Daan Raemaekers"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2012-07-18","dateModified":"2015-01-06","datePublished":null,"headline":"2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Archaeobotany","Archaeological Soil Micromorphology","Neolithic Archaeology","Swifterbant Culture"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"rug"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1795782%2F2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":24599454,"identifier":"Attachment_24599454","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":1795782,"created_at":"2012-07-18T23:41:26.449-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T06:24:28.663-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer containing large amounts of carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, flint and pottery. These sites are usually interpreted as occupation sites with accumulated refuse of a society in transition from a Mesolithic to a Neolithic lifestyle (hunting and herding), in an area that was too wet for crops.\r\nIn the context of a new research campaign in the area, we investigated the site- and land-use on two locations (S2 and S4) using micromorphological techniques.\r\nOn S2, the soil matrix in the archaeological horizon has a heterogeneous, non-sedimentary appearance due to the ubiquitous presence of rounded and subrounded aggregates. These aggregates indicate that the sediment was disturbed after deposition, but it is unclear by what human activity. This disturbance is not restricted to the archaeological site horizon, but extends also into the under- and overlying layers.\r\nOn S4, three layers can be distinguished. Only the lower and central parts are usually regarded as archaeological layers. The lower layer shows thorough mixing of the (partly decalcified) groundmass and the incorporation of anthropogenic materials (carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, etc.). Most probably, the thorough mixing is a result of tillage. The central layer consists of thinly laminated phytoliths and carbonized plant remains with ample fragments of (burnt) bone, angular sediment clods and some dog coprolites.\r\nMineral sediments are absent. Apparently, the layer was formed by human activities that resulted in a massive accumulation of burnt organic materials and anthropogenic debris. The preservation of the microlayering formed by phytoliths and carbonized is remarkable, since trampling would have deformed or disturbed the layering. The surprising conclusion therefore has to be that this location was not the main settlement area—as was implicitly thought until now. Rather, the area should be interpreted as a location where specific activities resulted in the accumulation of burnt plant material, e.g. a waste dump. The upper layer again has indications of anthropogenic soil disturbance. Samples from the basin adjacent to the levee site show sediments that are deformed by trampling. The transition of the site to the channel shows no signs of trampling, but rather interfingering of site layers with channel sediments. Lack of trampling in the central zone of S4 and the adjacent channel shore is at odds with the classical interpretation that the site represents a settlement area. The black layers that up till now were thought to encompass a complete settlement, could very well be a very prominent part of larger sites with remains of human activities during the Neolithic.","more_info":"Published in Catena 78 (2009). Co-authored with D.J. Huisman and A.G. Jongmans"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2129288]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":24599454,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/24599454/mini_magick20190427-24468-7y0ucr.png?1556350940" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">2009. Investigating Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2129288" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers"><img alt="Profile image of Daan Raemaekers" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2129288/690911/907335/s65_daan.raemaekers.jpg" />Daan Raemaekers</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In the Swifterbant area in The Netherlands, a complete Neolithic landscape is preserved, buried in a wetland environment. A dozen sites (dating from ca. 4300–4000 cal. BC) on levees of a former creek system are characterized by a black layer containing large amounts of carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, flint and pottery. These sites are usually interpreted as occupation sites with accumulated refuse of a society in transition from a Mesolithic to a Neolithic lifestyle (hunting and herding), in an area that was too wet for crops. In the context of a new research campaign in the area, we investigated the site- and land-use on two locations (S2 and S4) using micromorphological techniques. On S2, the soil matrix in the archaeological horizon has a heterogeneous, non-sedimentary appearance due to the ubiquitous presence of rounded and subrounded aggregates. These aggregates indicate that the sediment was disturbed after deposition, but it is unclear by what human activity. This disturbance is not restricted to the archaeological site horizon, but extends also into the under- and overlying layers. On S4, three layers can be distinguished. Only the lower and central parts are usually regarded as archaeological layers. The lower layer shows thorough mixing of the (partly decalcified) groundmass and the incorporation of anthropogenic materials (carbonized plant remains, burnt bone, etc.). Most probably, the thorough mixing is a result of tillage. The central layer consists of thinly laminated phytoliths and carbonized plant remains with ample fragments of (burnt) bone, angular sediment clods and some dog coprolites. Mineral sediments are absent. Apparently, the layer was formed by human activities that resulted in a massive accumulation of burnt organic materials and anthropogenic debris. The preservation of the microlayering formed by phytoliths and carbonized is remarkable, since trampling would have deformed or disturbed the layering. The surprising conclusion therefore has to be that this location was not the main settlement area—as was implicitly thought until now. Rather, the area should be interpreted as a location where specific activities resulted in the accumulation of burnt plant material, e.g. a waste dump. The upper layer again has indications of anthropogenic soil disturbance. Samples from the basin adjacent to the levee site show sediments that are deformed by trampling. The transition of the site to the channel shows no signs of trampling, but rather interfingering of site layers with channel sediments. Lack of trampling in the central zone of S4 and the adjacent channel shore is at odds with the classical interpretation that the site represents a settlement area. The black layers that up till now were thought to encompass a complete settlement, could very well be a very prominent part of larger sites with remains of human activities during the Neolithic.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":24599454,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":24599454,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="24599454" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1795782/2009_Investigating_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="1971247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1971247/Investigating_Early_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques">Investigating Early Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1118348" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/HansHuisman">Hans Huisman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigating Early Neolithic land use in Swifterbant (NL) using micromorphological techniques","attachmentId":28509460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1971247/Investigating_Early_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1971247/Investigating_Early_Neolithic_land_use_in_Swifterbant_NL_using_micromorphological_techniques"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="9975954" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9975954/Huisman_H_F_Brounen_E_Lohof_R_Machiels_J_de_Moor_B_J_H_van_Os_P_van_de_Velde_E_Rensink_and_I_M_van_Wijk_2013_Micromorphological_study_of_Early_Neolithic_LBK_soil_features_in_the_Netherlands">Huisman, H., F. Brounen, E. Lohof, R. Machiels, J. de Moor, B.J.H. van Os, P. van de Velde, E. Rensink & I.M. van Wijk 2013: Micromorphological study of Early Neolithic (LBK) soil features in the Netherlands. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1118348" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/HansHuisman">Hans Huisman</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7049822" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/PietervandeVelde">Pieter van de Velde</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11171020" href="https://cultureelerfgoed.academia.edu/EelcoRensink">Eelco Rensink</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1067770" href="https://rmo.academia.edu/IvovanWijk">Ivo M . van Wijk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries, 107-133., 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We made a detailed study of post holes, pits and ditches from Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) settlement sites and enclosures using soil micromorphological techniques. An ample presence of carbonized remains in postholes at the Elsloo Riviusstraat settlement site showed that the three buildings investigated were erected when the settlement already existed. The aggregate structure of the fill demonstrated that the posts were extracted; they did not burn or decay in situ. Large pits next to the buildings were used as watering hole and eventually as a rubbish pit. Both pits were adapted for a different use by putting a level of low-temperature heated clay/loam on top of the first fill. Ditches of enclosures at Beek-Kelmond and Beek-Kerkeveld had a complex history of infilling. Next to sediments deposited in stagnant water, stacked slaking crusts represented deposition of clay eroded by surface run-off during wet spells and subsequent drying out of the resulting puddles. Aggregate-dominated fills represent phases of anthropogenic dumping of soil material. Proximity of the ditches to settlements or refuse dumps was indicated by the amounts of carbonized material in the soil mass. Horizons with intensive bioturbation indicate phases of low sediment supply, plant growth and soil formation. At Beek-Kerkeveld different parts of the enclosure have remarkably different sequences of layers. Non-natural sequences and anthropogenic layers indicate human activities in the area at least up till the time when the ditch had been filled entirely. Filling-up was probably quick and may have been completed within one generation. Keywords: Loess, postholes, Langsgruben. Sohlgraben, Spitsgraben, aggregate structure, heating, rubification, charcoal, abandonment, slaking crusts, clay illuviation</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Huisman, H., F. Brounen, E. Lohof, R. Machiels, J. de Moor, B.J.H. van Os, P. van de Velde, E. Rensink \u0026 I.M. van Wijk 2013: Micromorphological study of Early Neolithic (LBK) soil features in the Netherlands. ","attachmentId":36120193,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9975954/Huisman_H_F_Brounen_E_Lohof_R_Machiels_J_de_Moor_B_J_H_van_Os_P_van_de_Velde_E_Rensink_and_I_M_van_Wijk_2013_Micromorphological_study_of_Early_Neolithic_LBK_soil_features_in_the_Netherlands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9975954/Huisman_H_F_Brounen_E_Lohof_R_Machiels_J_de_Moor_B_J_H_van_Os_P_van_de_Velde_E_Rensink_and_I_M_van_Wijk_2013_Micromorphological_study_of_Early_Neolithic_LBK_soil_features_in_the_Netherlands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="44888757" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44888757/SWIFTERBANT_S4_THE_NETHERLANDS_OCCUPATION_AND_EXPLOITATION_OF_A_NEOLITHIC_LEVEE_SITE">SWIFTERBANT S4 ( THE NETHERLANDS ) OCCUPATION AND EXPLOITATION OF A NEOLITHIC LEVEE SITE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1437709" href="https://rug.academia.edu/MansSchepers">Mans Schepers</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SWIFTERBANT S4 ( THE NETHERLANDS ) OCCUPATION AND EXPLOITATION OF A NEOLITHIC LEVEE SITE","attachmentId":65405606,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44888757/SWIFTERBANT_S4_THE_NETHERLANDS_OCCUPATION_AND_EXPLOITATION_OF_A_NEOLITHIC_LEVEE_SITE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44888757/SWIFTERBANT_S4_THE_NETHERLANDS_OCCUPATION_AND_EXPLOITATION_OF_A_NEOLITHIC_LEVEE_SITE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="50908274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50908274/2020_Swifterbant_S4_the_Netherlands_Occupation_and_exploitation_of_a_Neolithic_levee_site_c_4300_4000_cal_BC_">2020. Swifterbant S4 (the Netherlands). Occupation and exploitation of a Neolithic levee site (c. 4300-4000 cal. BC)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2129288" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DaanRaemaekers">Daan Raemaekers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This publication presents the results of the 2005–2007 excavations at Swifterbant S4, carried out by the Groningen Institute of Archaeology. S4 is a well-preserved Neolithic wetland site (c. 4300–4000 cal. BC) located within the Swifterbant river system in the Netherlands. We present the landscape setting, the various finds categories and the spatial patterns with three research themes in mind. Theme 1 concerns the environmental setting, subsistence and site function. We conclude that the Swifterbant hunter-gatherer-farmers exploited a mosaic-type landscape. Theme 2 deals with developments in site function during the occupation and exploitation history of the site. This analysis leads to the observation that episodes of cultivation and settlement alternated at S4. Theme 3, the use of space, was difficult to study due to the fragmented nature of the excavation plan. This site monograph makes Swifterbant-S4 the most comprehensively published site of the Swifterbant river system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"2020. Swifterbant S4 (the Netherlands). Occupation and exploitation of a Neolithic levee site (c. 4300-4000 cal. BC)","attachmentId":68780843,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50908274/2020_Swifterbant_S4_the_Netherlands_Occupation_and_exploitation_of_a_Neolithic_levee_site_c_4300_4000_cal_BC_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50908274/2020_Swifterbant_S4_the_Netherlands_Occupation_and_exploitation_of_a_Neolithic_levee_site_c_4300_4000_cal_BC_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="16856756" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16856756/Book_Review_Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management">Book Review: Archaeological sediments and soils: Analysis, interpretation and management</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6042077" href="https://sewanee.academia.edu/SarahSherwood">Sarah C. Sherwood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geoarchaeology, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book Review: Archaeological sediments and soils: Analysis, interpretation and management","attachmentId":42382351,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16856756/Book_Review_Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16856756/Book_Review_Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="20749971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20749971/Anthropic_SediMentS_froM_neolithic_to_iron_Age_SettleMentS">Anthropic SediMentS froM neolithic to iron Age SettleMentS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32199150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DominiqueSordoillet">Dominique Sordoillet</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32162562" href="https://unige.academia.edu/PatriciaChiquet">Patricia Chiquet</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anthropic SediMentS froM neolithic to iron Age SettleMentS","attachmentId":41541077,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20749971/Anthropic_SediMentS_froM_neolithic_to_iron_Age_SettleMentS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20749971/Anthropic_SediMentS_froM_neolithic_to_iron_Age_SettleMentS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="636042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/636042/Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management">Archaeological sediments and soils Analysis, interpretation and management</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="167755" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/ANTHONYBARHAM">ANTHONY BARHAM</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Archaeological sediments and soils Analysis, interpretation and management","attachmentId":51320428,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/636042/Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/636042/Archaeological_sediments_and_soils_Analysis_interpretation_and_management"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3705528" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3705528/Ismail_Meyer_K_Rentzel_Ph_Wiemann_Ph_2013_Neolithic_Lakeshore_Settlements_in_Switzerland_New_Insights_on_Site_Formation_Processes_from_Micromorphology">Ismail-Meyer, K., Rentzel, Ph., Wiemann Ph. (2013) Neolithic Lakeshore Settlements in Switzerland: New Insights on Site Formation Processes from Micromorphology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1063946" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/KristinIsmailMeyer">Kristin Ismail-Meyer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geoarchaeology , 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ismail-Meyer, K., Rentzel, Ph., Wiemann Ph. (2013) Neolithic Lakeshore Settlements in Switzerland: New Insights on Site Formation Processes from Micromorphology","attachmentId":31649265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3705528/Ismail_Meyer_K_Rentzel_Ph_Wiemann_Ph_2013_Neolithic_Lakeshore_Settlements_in_Switzerland_New_Insights_on_Site_Formation_Processes_from_Micromorphology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3705528/Ismail_Meyer_K_Rentzel_Ph_Wiemann_Ph_2013_Neolithic_Lakeshore_Settlements_in_Switzerland_New_Insights_on_Site_Formation_Processes_from_Micromorphology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6155943" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6155943/Arnoldus_Huyzendveld_A_1995_The_passage_of_information_from_the_socio_cultural_to_the_archaeological_context_aspects_of_applied_soil_science_and_sedimentology">Arnoldus-Huyzendveld A., 1995 - The passage of information from the socio-cultural to the archaeological context; aspects of applied soil science and sedimentology.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2125835" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonnieHuijzendveld">Antonia Arnoldus-Huyzendveld (Tonnie Huijzendveld)</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arnoldus-Huyzendveld A., 1995 - The passage of information from the socio-cultural to the archaeological context; aspects of applied soil science and sedimentology.","attachmentId":33046632,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6155943/Arnoldus_Huyzendveld_A_1995_The_passage_of_information_from_the_socio_cultural_to_the_archaeological_context_aspects_of_applied_soil_science_and_sedimentology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6155943/Arnoldus_Huyzendveld_A_1995_The_passage_of_information_from_the_socio_cultural_to_the_archaeological_context_aspects_of_applied_soil_science_and_sedimentology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="64559983" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64559983/Anthropic_sediments_from_Neolithic_to_Iron_Age_settlements_interpretation_according_to_micromorphological_archaeozoological_and_archaeological_data">Anthropic sediments from Neolithic to Iron Age settlements: interpretation according to micromorphological, archaeozoological and archaeological data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32256286" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanlouisVoruz">Jean-louis Voruz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The data that will be discussed come from two important French archaeological sites, excavated by Jean- Louis Voruz, the Gardon cave and the open air settlement of Saint-Alban. The first one was occupied from Early Neolithic until the Middle Ages, the second one from the final Bronze Age until the Middle Ages. The micromorphological study of these sites first led to preliminary interpretations. These results then were compared with other archaeological and archaeozoological data. This integration of diverse results led to the confirmation, specification or reconsideration of the first micromorphological interpretations. Examples are given of various deposits, resulting from different human activities, such as construction, stock farming or items produced after the settlements were abandoned. The stratigraphic and micromorphological study of the Gardon cave allowed us to correlate some deposits with climatic fluctuations and to address environmental and archaeological questions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anthropic sediments from Neolithic to Iron Age settlements: interpretation according to micromorphological, archaeozoological and archaeological data","attachmentId":76540737,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64559983/Anthropic_sediments_from_Neolithic_to_Iron_Age_settlements_interpretation_according_to_micromorphological_archaeozoological_and_archaeological_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64559983/Anthropic_sediments_from_Neolithic_to_Iron_Age_settlements_interpretation_according_to_micromorphological_archaeozoological_and_archaeological_data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":24599454,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":24599454,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_24599454" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="84849274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84849274/Neolithic_Depositions_in_the_Northern_Netherlands">Neolithic Depositions in the Northern Netherlands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="498338" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnelouVanGijn">Annelou Van Gijn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neolithic Depositions in the Northern 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