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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Status_of_territories_occupied_by_Israel_in_1967" title="Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967">Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967</a>.</div> This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png/300px-Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="481" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png/450px-Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png/600px-Israel_and_occupied_territories_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="2289"></a><figcaption>Map showing the <a href="/wiki/Status_of_territories_occupied_by_Israel_in_1967" title="Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967">status of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories</a> as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israeli-occupied_territories&action=edit">[update]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> has occupied the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967. It has previously occupied the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a> as well. Prior to 1967, control of the Palestinian territories was split between <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, which occupied the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">West Bank</a>, respectively. The Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and the Golan Heights, where Israel has transferred parts of its population and built large <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlements</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">longest military occupation in modern history</a>. From 1967 to 1981, the four areas were administered under the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">Israeli Military Governorate</a>, and after the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt after the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>, Israel effectively annexed the Golan Heights and <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> in 1980, and brought the rest of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ),<a href="#cite_note-International_Court_of_Justice-2">[2]</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-http://unispal.un.org-3">[3]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> all regard <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations#Contemporary_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Israel as the occupying power</a> for the territories.<a href="#cite_note-UNSC_Res_476-4">[4]</a> In 2024, the ICJ ruled in an advisory opinion that Israel's occupation was illegal and called for Israel to end its "unlawful presence ... as rapidly as possible" and to make <a href="/wiki/Reparation_(legal)" title="Reparation (legal)">reparations</a> to the people of the occupied territories.<a href="#cite_note-Maupas-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jacob-6">[6]</a> UN special rapporteur <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Falk" title="Richard A. Falk">Richard Falk</a> called Israel's occupation "an affront to international law".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> has ruled that Israel is <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">holding the West Bank under "belligerent occupation"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-domino.un.org-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> However, successive <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Israeli governments</a> have preferred the term "disputed territories" in the case of the West Bank,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and Israel likewise maintains that the West Bank is disputed territory.<a href="#cite_note-mfafaq-12">[12]</a> In 2005, Israel <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip</a>, but the UN and a number of human rights organizations continue to consider Israel as the occupying power due to <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">its blockade of the territory</a>;<a href="#cite_note-SPOKESPERSON's_DAILY_HIGHLIGHTS-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-AI_briefing-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-isrlpa13698-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRWGaza-17">[17]</a> Israel rejects this characterization.<a href="#cite_note-prosor-18">[18]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Overview">1 Overview</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Sinai_Peninsula">2 Sinai Peninsula</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#South_Lebanon">3 South Lebanon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Golan_Heights">4 Golan Heights</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Palestinian_territories">5 Palestinian territories</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Background">5.1 Background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#West_Bank">5.2 West Bank</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#East_Jerusalem">5.3 East Jerusalem</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Gaza_Strip">5.4 Gaza Strip</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Views_on_terminology_used">6 Views on terminology used</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Palestinian_views">6.1 Palestinian views</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Israeli_views">6.2 Israeli views</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Israeli_judicial_decisions">6.2.1 Israeli judicial decisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Israeli_legal_and_political_views">6.2.2 Israeli legal and political views</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Israeli_Jewish_religious_views">6.2.3 Israeli Jewish religious views</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#International_views">6.3 International views</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#International_law_violations">7 International law violations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#2012_UN_report_on_settlements">7.1 2012 UN report on settlements</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#2013_EU_directive_for_2014_to_2020">7.2 2013 EU directive for 2014 to 2020</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#2024_ICJ_opinion">7.3 2024 ICJ opinion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The significance of the designation of these territories as <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">occupied territory</a> is that certain legal obligations fall on the <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupying power</a> under international law. Under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> there are certain <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation#Occupation_and_the_laws_of_war" title="Military occupation">laws of war governing military occupation</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_(1899_and_1907)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> One of those obligations is to maintain the status quo until the signing of a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a>, the resolution of specific conditions outlined in a peace treaty, or the formation of a new civilian government.<a href="#cite_note-GCIV-20">[20]</a> Israel disputes whether, and if so to what extent, it is an occupying power in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and as to whether <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in these territories are in breach of Israel's obligations as an occupying power and constitute a grave breach of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> and whether the settlements constitute <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-legal.un.org-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-icrc.org-22">[22]</a> In 2015, over 800,000 Israelis resided outside the 1949 Armistice Lines, constituting nearly 13% of Israel's Jewish population.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:786px;max-width:786px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Modern evolution of Palestine <div style="float: right;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinian_territory_development" title="Template:Palestinian territory development"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinian_territory_development" title="Template talk:Palestinian territory development"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian_territory_development" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian territory development"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/258px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/258px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/387px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg/516px-Proposals_for_the_Mandate_of_Palestine_1916-19.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1916–1922 various proposals: Three proposals for the post World War I administration of Palestine. The red line is the "International Administration" proposed in the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a>, the dashed blue line is the 1919 <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a> proposal at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a>, and the thin blue line refers to the final borders of the 1923–48 <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg/258px-Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg/258px-Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg/387px-Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg/516px-Peel_map_1937_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1937 British proposal: The first official proposal for partition, published in 1937 by the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a>. An ongoing British Mandate was proposed to keep "the sanctity of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>", in the form of an enclave from Jerusalem to <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lydda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydda">Lydda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramle">Ramle</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg/258px-United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg/258px-United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg/387px-United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg/516px-United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1947 UN proposal: Proposal per the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> (UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (II), 1947), prior to the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. The proposal included a <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">Corpus Separatum for Jerusalem</a>, extraterritorial crossroads between the non-contiguous areas, and <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> as an Arab exclave.</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:786px;max-width:786px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine,_1947.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg/258px-Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg/258px-Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg/387px-Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg/516px-Jewish_and_Arab_Land_Ownership_in_Mandatory_Palestine%2C_1947.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1947 Jewish private land ownership: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_land_purchase_in_Palestine" title="Jewish land purchase in Palestine">Jewish-owned lands in Mandatory Palestine</a> as of 1947 in blue, constituting 7.4% of the total land area, of which more than half was held by the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">JNF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Jewish_Colonization_Association" title="Palestine Jewish Colonization Association">PICA</a>. White is either <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public land</a> or <a href="/wiki/Palestinian-Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian-Arab">Palestinian-Arab</a>-owned lands including related religious trusts.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip,_1948-67.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg/258px-Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg/258px-Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg/387px-Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg/516px-Jordanian-annexed_West_Bank_and_Egyptian-occupied_Gaza_Strip%2C_1948-67.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/1949_armistice_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 armistice lines">1949 armistice lines</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian-annexed West Bank</a> (light green) and Egyptian client state <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> (dark green), after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, showing <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">1949 armistice lines</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel,1967-94.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg/387px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg/516px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C1967-94.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1967 territorial changes: During the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Israel captured the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, together with the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> (later traded for peace after the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>). In 1980–81 Israel <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">annexed East Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">the Golan Heights</a>. Neither Israel's annexation nor the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a> claim over East Jerusalem gained international recognition.</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:709px;max-width:709px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel,_1994-2006.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg/387px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg/516px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_1994-2006.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a>: Under the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> was created to provide a Palestinian interim self-government in the West Bank and the interior of the Gaza Strip. Its second phase envisioned "<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclaves</a>".</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel,_2006.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="2291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 258px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg/258px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="258" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg/387px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg/516px-Palestinian_National_Authority_within_Israel%2C_2006.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">2005–present: After the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">clashes between the two main Palestinian parties</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_legislative_election,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian legislative election, 2006">Hamas electoral victory</a>, two separate executive governments took control in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> of the West Bank and Gaza.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png/181px-Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="479" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3186" data-file-height="8440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 479px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png/181px-Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png" data-alt="" data-width="181" data-height="479" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png/272px-Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png/362px-Demographic_map_of_Palestine_-_Israel_-_with_Legend.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ethnic majority by settlement (present): The map indicates the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_majority" title="Ethnic majority">ethnic majority</a> of settlements (cities, villages and other communities).</div></div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">Southern Lebanon</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> (excluding East Jerusalem)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Occupation period</td> <td align="center">1956–1957, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">1967–1982</a><a href="#cite_note-Taba-25">[a]</a></td> <td align="center">1948–1949,<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon" title="Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon">1982–2000</a></td> <td align="center">1967–present</td> <td align="center">1967–present</td> <td align="center">1967–present</td> <td align="center">1956–1957, 1967–2005<a href="#cite_note-26">[b]</a> 2023 – ongoing (portions)<a href="#cite_note-Current_Gaza-27">[c]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Claimed by</td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><a href="#cite_note-Trian_and_Sanafir-28">[d]</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shebaa_Farms" title="Shebaa Farms">Shebaa Farms</a>, 2000–present) </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine</a> (1948–1959) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> (1948–1988)<a href="#cite_note-speech-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-30">[26]</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> (1988–present) </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine</a> (1948–1959) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> (1948–1988)<a href="#cite_note-speech-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[e]</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> (1988–present) </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine</a> (1948–1959) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a> (1959–1971) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (1971-1979) <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> (1988–present) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Currently administrated by</td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><a href="#cite_note-Trian_and_Sanafir-28">[d]</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Areas A and B</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Area_B-33">[f]</a> <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (Areas B and <a href="/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)" title="Area C (West Bank)">C</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Area_B-33">[f]</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of the Gaza Strip">Hamas</a> and <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-Current_Gaza-27">[c]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> considers it part of its territory</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Golan Heights Law</a></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">De jure</a> no, but <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> Israelis are allowed to live in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlements</a> within <a href="/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)" title="Area C (West Bank)">Area C</a>, as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Area" title="Judea and Samaria Area">Judea and Samaria Area</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[h]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes, as undivided <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No, but Israel has maintained control over the territory's border crossings, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>, and air space since the end of the occupation in 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Southern half: <a href="/wiki/Paulet%E2%80%93Newcombe_Agreement" title="Paulet–Newcombe Agreement">until 1923</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Contains <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No; evacuated in 1982<a href="#cite_note-Taba-25">[a]</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No; <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">evacuated in 2005</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[i]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Sinai_Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula</a></div> Israel captured the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. It established settlements along the Gulf of Aqaba and in the northeast portion, just below the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. It had plans to expand the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Yamit" title="Yamit">Yamit</a> into a city with a population of 200,000,<a href="#cite_note-40">[31]</a> though the actual population of Yamit did not exceed 3,000.<a href="#cite_note-41">[32]</a> The Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt in stages beginning in 1979 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>. As required by the treaty, Israel evacuated Israeli military installations and civilian settlements prior to the establishment of "normal and friendly relations" between it and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-42">[33]</a> Israel dismantled eighteen settlements, two air force bases, a naval base, and other installations by 1982, including the only <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> resources under Israeli control. The evacuation of the civilian population, which took place in 1982, was done forcefully in some instances, such as the evacuation of Yamit. The settlements were demolished, as it was feared that settlers might try to return to their homes after the evacuation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since 1982, the Sinai Peninsula has not been regarded as occupied territory. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="South_Lebanon">South Lebanon</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">Southern Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Lebanon_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Lebanon State">Free Lebanon State</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_security_belt_administration" title="South Lebanon security belt administration">South Lebanon security belt administration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon" title="Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon">Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Israeli-occupied territories">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (April 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg/180px-South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1515"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 273px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg/180px-South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="273" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg/270px-South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg/360px-South_Lebanon_Security_Belt_11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Israeli tank in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a> in July 1993</figcaption></figure> The Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon took place after <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a> and subsequently retained its forces to support the Christian <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a> militia in Southern Lebanon. In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Forces</a> (IDF) and allied <a href="/wiki/Free_Lebanon_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Lebanon Army">Free Lebanon Army</a> Christian militias seized large sections of Lebanon, including the capital of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, amid the hostilities of the wider <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>. Later, Israel withdrew from parts of the occupied area between 1983 and 1985, but remained in partial control of the border region known as the South Lebanon Security Belt, initially in coordination with the self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Free_Lebanon_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Lebanon State">Free Lebanon State</a>, which executed a limited authority over portions of southern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> until 1984, and later with the <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_security_belt_administration" title="South Lebanon security belt administration">South Lebanon security belt administration</a> and its <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a> (transformed from Free Lebanon Army), until the year 2000. Israel's stated purpose for the Security Belt was to create a space separating its northern border towns from terrorists residing in Lebanon. During the stay in the security belt, the IDF held many positions and supported the SLA. The SLA <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_security_belt_administration" title="South Lebanon security belt administration">took over daily life</a> in the security zone, initially as the official force of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Lebanon_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Lebanon State">Free Lebanon State</a> and later as an allied militia. Notably, the South Lebanon Army controlled the prison in Khiam. In addition, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) forces and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon</a> (UNIFIL) were deployed to the security belt (from the end of <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Operation Litani</a> in 1978). The strip was a few kilometers wide, and consisted of about 10% of the total territory of Lebanon, which housed about 150,000 people who lived in 67 villages and towns made up of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> (most of whom lived in the town of <a href="/wiki/Hasbaya" title="Hasbaya">Hasbaya</a>). In the central zone of the Strip was the Maronite town <a href="/wiki/Marjayoun" title="Marjayoun">Marjayoun</a>, which was the capital of the security belt. Residents remaining in the security zone had many contacts with Israel, many of whom have worked there and received various services from Israel. Before the Israeli <a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_general_election" title="1999 Israeli general election">election in May 1999</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, promised that within a year all Israeli forces would withdraw from Lebanon. When negotiation efforts failed between Israel and Syria—the goal of the negotiations was to bring a peace agreement between Israel and Lebanon as well, due to <a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a> until 2005—Barak led the withdrawal of the IDF to the Israeli border on 24 May 2000. No soldiers were killed or wounded during the redeployment to the internationally recognized border of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Line (Lebanon)">Blue Line</a>. Israel occupied parts of Lebanon again during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a> until the 1 October 2006 and has since began an ongoing occupation of parts of southern Lebanon during the <a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Golan_Heights">Golan Heights</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golan_92.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Golan_92.jpg/220px-Golan_92.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1262"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 278px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Golan_92.jpg/220px-Golan_92.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="278" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Golan_92.jpg/330px-Golan_92.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Golan_92.jpg/440px-Golan_92.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> since 1974</figcaption></figure> Israel captured the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. A ceasefire was signed on 11 June 1967 and the Golan Heights came under Israeli military administration.<a href="#cite_note-ybookcoil2004-43">[34]</a> Syria rejected <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UNSC Resolution 242</a> of 22 November 1967, which called for the return of Israeli-occupied State territories in exchange for peaceful relations. Israel had accepted Resolution 242 in a speech to the Security Council on 1 May 1968. In March 1972, Syria "conditionally" accepted Resolution 242,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and in May 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria</a> was signed. In the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> of 1973, Syria attempted to recapture the Golan Heights militarily, but the attempt was unsuccessful. Israel and Syria signed a ceasefire agreement in 1974 that left almost all the Heights under Israeli control, while returning a narrow demilitarized zone to Syrian control. A United Nations observation force was established in 1974 as a buffer between the sides.<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-44">[35]</a> By Syrian formal acceptance of <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_338" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 338">UN Security Council Resolution 338</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[36]</a> which set out the cease-fire at the end of the Yom Kippur War, Syria also accepted Resolution 242.<a href="#cite_note-46">[37]</a> On 14 December 1981, Israel passed the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Golan Heights Law</a>, extending Israeli administration and law to the territory. Israel has expressly avoided using the term "<a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a>" to describe the change of status. However, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> has rejected the de facto annexation in <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_497" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a>, which declared it as "null and void and without international legal effect",<a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a> and consequently continuing to regard the Golan Heights as Israeli-occupied territory. The measure has also been criticized by other countries, either as illegal or as not being helpful to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Middle East peace process</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Syria wants the return of the Golan Heights, while Israel has maintained a policy of "<a href="/wiki/Land_for_peace" title="Land for peace">land for peace</a>" based on Resolution 242. The first high-level public talks aimed at a resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Israel–Syria relations">Syria–Israel conflict</a> were held at and after the multilateral <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a>. Throughout the 1990s several Israeli governments negotiated with Syria's president <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>. While serious progress was made, they were unsuccessful. In 2004, there were 34 settlements in the Golan Heights, populated by around 18,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Golan_Facts-48">[39]</a> Today, an estimated 20,000 Israeli settlers and 20,000 Syrians live in the territory.<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-44">[35]</a> All inhabitants are entitled to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli citizenship">Israeli citizenship</a>, which would entitle them to an Israeli driver's license and enable them to travel freely in Israel.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The non-Jewish residents, who are mostly <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>, have nearly all declined to take Israeli citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-44">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[40]</a> In the Golan Heights there is another area occupied by Israel, namely the <a href="/wiki/Shebaa_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Shebaa farms">Shebaa farms</a>. Syria and Lebanon have claimed that the farms belong to Lebanon and in 2007 a UN cartographer came to the conclusion that the Shebaa farms do actually belong to Lebanon (contrary to the belief held by Israel). UN then said that Israel should relinquish the control of this area.<a href="#cite_note-50">[41]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Palestinian_territories">Palestinian territories</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> Both of these territories were part of <a href="/wiki/Mandate_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate Palestine">Mandate Palestine</a>, and both have populations consisting primarily of <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a>, including significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">refugees</a> who <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">fled or were expelled</a> from Israel and territory Israel controlled<a href="#cite_note-51">[42]</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. Today, Palestinians make up around half of Jordan's population. Jordan occupied the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, from 1948 to 1967, annexing it in 1950 and granting Jordanian citizenship to the residents in 1954 (the annexation claims and citizenship grants were rescinded in 1988 when Jordan acknowledged the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) as the sole representative of the Palestinian people). Egypt administered the Gaza Strip from 1948 to 1967 but did not annex it or make Gazans Egyptian citizens. Until 1959, it was de-jure part of the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a>, an Egyptian client state. It was then administered as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a>. <a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Bank">West Bank</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation of the West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Area" title="Judea and Samaria Area">Judea and Samaria Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg/220px-Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="2889"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 335px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg/220px-Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="335" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg/330px-Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg/440px-Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)" title="Area C (West Bank)">Area C</a> (blue), the part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> under full Israeli control, in 2011</figcaption></figure> The West Bank was allotted to the Arab state under <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan of 1947</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">West Bank was occupied by Transjordan</a> after the 1948 war. In April 1950, Jordan annexed the West Bank,<a href="#cite_note-53">[44]</a> but this was recognized only by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and Pakistan. (see <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>) In 1967, the West Bank came under Israeli military administration. Israel retained the mukhtar (<a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayoral</a>) system of government inherited from Jordan, and subsequent governments began developing <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> in Arab villages under its control. (see <a href="#Palestinians_and_Israeli_law">Palestinians and Israeli law</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International legal issues of the conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Palestinian economy</a>). As a result of "<a href="/wiki/Israeli_law_in_the_West_Bank_settlements" title="Israeli law in the West Bank settlements">Enclave law</a>", large portions of Israeli <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> are applied to Israeli settlements and Israeli residents in the occupied territories.<a href="#cite_note-Ben-NaftaliSfard2018-54">[45]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition" title="Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition">Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition</a> of 1993, most of the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Palestine">Palestinian population</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">cities</a> came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has frequently redeployed its <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">troops</a> and reinstated full military administration in various parts of the two territories. On July 31, 1988, Jordan renounced its claims to the West Bank for the PLO.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-30">[26]</a> In 2000, the Israeli government started to construct the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, separating Israel and several of its settlements, as well as a significant number of Palestinians, from the remainder of the West Bank. State of Israel cabinet approved a route to construct separation barrier whose total length will be approximately 760 km (472 mi) built mainly in the West Bank and partly along the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice line</a>, or "Green Line" between Israel and Palestinian West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-55">[46]</a> 12% of the West Bank area is on the Israel side of the barrier.<a href="#cite_note-56">[47]</a> In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> issued an advisory opinion stating that the barrier violates <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[48]</a> It claimed that "Israel cannot rely on a right of self-defence or on a state of necessity in order to preclude the wrongfulness of the construction of the wall".<a href="#cite_note-58">[49]</a> However, Israel government derived its justification for constructing this barrier with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> stating that it is "essential to the Palestinian nation in order to foster its national identity and independence without being dependent on the State of Israel".<a href="#cite_note-59">[50]</a> The Israeli Supreme Court, sitting as the High Court of Justice, stated that Israel has been holding the areas of Judea and Samaria in belligerent occupation, since 1967. The court also held that the normative provisions of public international law regarding belligerent occupation are applicable. The Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague of 1907 and the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 were both cited.<a href="#cite_note-domino.un.org-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg/220px-Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3626" data-file-height="2417"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg/220px-Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg/330px-Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg/440px-Neve_Danyal_entrance.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Israeli settlement of <a href="/wiki/Neve_Daniel" title="Neve Daniel">Neve Daniel</a> in the West Bank</figcaption></figure> About 500,000 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank and another 200,000 live in East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-60">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[53]</a> The barrier has many effects on Palestinians including reduced freedoms, road closures, loss of land, increased difficulty in accessing medical and educational services in Israel,<a href="#cite_note-pdm.medicine.wisc.edu-63">[54]</a> restricted access to water sources, and economic effects. Regarding the violation of freedom of Palestinians, in a 2005 report, the United Nations stated that:[47] ...it is difficult to overstate the humanitarian impact of the Barrier. The route inside the West Bank severs communities, people's access to services, livelihoods and religious and cultural amenities. In addition, plans for the Barrier's exact route and crossing points through it are often not fully revealed until days before construction commences.<a href="#cite_note-unispal.un.org-64">[55]</a> This has led to considerable anxiety among Palestinians about how their future lives will be impacted...The land between the Barrier and the Green Line constitutes some of the most fertile in the West Bank. It is currently the home for 49,400 West Bank Palestinians living in 38 villages and towns.<a href="#cite_note-65">[56]</a> On Feb 6, 2017, The Knesset passed the controversial <a href="/wiki/Regulation_Law" title="Regulation Law">Regulation Law</a>, which aimed at retroactively legalizing 2,000 to 4,000 Israeli settlements in <a href="/wiki/Area_C_(West_Bank)" title="Area C (West Bank)">Area C</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[57]</a> On June 9, 2020, the Israeli Supreme Court struck down the law as "infringing on the property rights of Palestinian residents."<a href="#cite_note-67">[58]</a> In February 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">new Israeli government</a> under Benjamin Netanyahu approved the legalization of nine illegal settler outposts in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-68">[59]</a> Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> took charge of most of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Civil Administration</a>, obtaining broad authority over civilian issues in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-69">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[61]</a> In June 2023, Israel shortened the procedure of approving settlement construction and gave Finance Minister Smotrich the authority to approve one of the stages, changing the system operating for the last 27 years.<a href="#cite_note-71">[62]</a> In its first six months, construction of 13,000 housing units in settlements, almost triple the number advanced in the whole of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-72">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg/220px-Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="627"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg/220px-Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg/330px-Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg/440px-Zoning_in_East_Jerusalem_as_of_December_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>East Jerusalem zoning</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg/330px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg/440px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>2018 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations</a> map of the area, showing the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a> arrangements.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> has created additional issues in relation to the question of whether or not it is occupied territory. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan</a> had contemplated that all of Jerusalem would be an international city within an international area that included <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> for at least ten years, after which the residents would be allowed to conduct a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> and the issue could be re-examined by the Trusteeship Council. However, after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> captured <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a>, and Israel captured and annexed the western part of Jerusalem [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Jordan bilaterally annexed East Jerusalem along with the rest of the West Bank in 1950 as a temporary trustee <a href="#cite_note-trustee_annexation-73">[64]</a> at the request of a Palestinian delegation,<a href="#cite_note-requested_annexation-74">[65]</a> and although the annexation was recognized by only two countries, it was not condemned by the UNSC. The British did not recognize the territory as sovereign to Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-75">[66]</a> Israel captured East Jerusalem from Jordan in the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>. On June 27, Israel extended its laws, jurisdiction, and administration to East Jerusalem and several nearby towns and villages, and incorporated the area into the Jerusalem Municipality. In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>, which was declared a <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Law</a>, which declared Jerusalem to be the "complete and united" capital of Israel. However, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_478" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 478">Resolution 478</a> declared this action to be "null and void", and that it "must be rescinded forthwith". The international community does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and considers it an occupied territory.<a href="#cite_note-76">[67]</a> UN Security Council Resolution 478 also called upon countries which held their diplomatic delegations to Israel in Jerusalem, to move them outside the city. Most nations with embassies in Jerusalem complied, and relocated their embassies to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> or other Israeli cities prior to the adoption of Resolution 478. Following the withdrawals of <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> in August 2006, no country maintained its embassy in Jerusalem until 2018, although <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> once had theirs in nearby <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Embassy_Act" title="Jerusalem Embassy Act">Jerusalem Embassy Act</a> in 1995, stating that "Jerusalem should be recognized as the capital of the State of Israel; and the United States Embassy in Israel should be established in Jerusalem no later than May 31, 1999." As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Embassy_Act" title="Jerusalem Embassy Act">Embassy Act</a>, official U.S. documents and web sites refer to Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Until May 2018, the law had never been implemented, because successive U.S. Presidents <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> exercised the law's presidential waiver, citing national security interests. On 14 May 2018, the U.S. opened its embassy in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-79">[70]</a> East Jerusalem residents are increasingly becoming integrated into Israeli society, in terms of education, citizenship, national service and in other aspects.<a href="#cite_note-Hasson_2012-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[72]</a> Recent surveys show that, if given the option of having East Jerusalem transferred today from Israeli rule to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, most East Jerusalem Palestinians would oppose the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-Hasson_2012-80">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[74]</a> According to Middle East expert David Pollock, in the hypothesis that a final agreement was reached between Israel and the Palestinians with the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>, 48% of East Jerusalem Arabs would prefer being citizens of Israel, while 42% of them would prefer the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. 9% would prefer <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-:0-84">[75]</a> In May 2021, <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">clashes</a> occurred between Palestinians and Israeli police over further anticipated <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_displacement_in_East_Jerusalem" title="Palestinian displacement in East Jerusalem">Palestinian evictions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a> neighborhood of East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-85">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaza_Strip">Gaza Strip</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/220px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="5712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 266px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/220px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="266" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/330px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/440px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the Gaza Strip</figcaption></figure> The Gaza Strip was allotted to the Arab state envisioned by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan of 1947</a>, but no Arab state formed as a result of the 1947 partition plan. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Gaza Strip became occupied by Egypt</a>. Between 1948 and 1967, the Gaza Strip was under Egyptian military administration, being officially under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a> until in 1959 it was merged into the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a>, de facto becoming under direct Egyptian military governorship. Between 1967 and 1993, the Gaza Strip was under Israeli military administration. In March 1979, Egypt renounced all claims to the Gaza Strip in the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition" title="Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition">Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition</a> of 1993, the Gaza Strip came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. A July 2004 opinion of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> treated Gaza as a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> In February 2005, the Israeli government voted to implement a <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">unilateral disengagement plan</a> from the Gaza Strip. The plan began to be implemented on 15 August 2005, and was completed on 12 September 2005. Under the plan, all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip (and four in the West Bank) and the joint Israeli-Palestinian Erez Industrial Zone were dismantled with the removal of all 9,000 Israeli settlers (most of them in the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a> settlement area in the Strip's southwest) and military bases. Some settlers resisted the order, and were forcibly removed by the IDF. On 12 September 2005 the Israeli cabinet formally declared an end to Israeli military occupation of the Gaza Strip. To avoid allegations that it was still in occupation of any part of the Gaza Strip, Israel also withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphi Route">Philadelphi Route</a>, which is a narrow strip adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="Egypt–Gaza border">Strip's border with Egypt</a>, after Egypt's agreement to secure its side of the border. Under the Oslo Accords the Philadelphi Route was to remain under Israeli control to prevent the smuggling of materials (such as ammunition) and people across the border with Egypt. With Egypt agreeing to patrol its side of the border, it was hoped that the objective would be achieved. However, Israel maintained its control over the crossings in and out of Gaza. The Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza was monitored by the Israeli army through special surveillance cameras. Official documents such as passports, I.D. cards, export and import papers, and many others had to be approved by the Israeli army.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip,_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="1510"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers and protesters in Gaza during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> in 1987</figcaption></figure> The Israeli position is that it no longer occupies Gaza, as Israel does not exercise effective control or authority over any land or institutions inside the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-Gold-87">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-CJPA2-88">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel">Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a> stated in January, 2008: "Israel got out of Gaza. It dismantled its settlements there. No Israeli soldiers were left there after the disengagement."<a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a> Israel also notes that Gaza does not belong to any sovereign state.<a href="#cite_note-CJPA2-88">[79]</a> Immediately after Israel withdrew in 2005, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas stated, "the legal status of the areas slated for evacuation has not changed."<a href="#cite_note-Gold-87">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> also contested that this ended the occupation.<a href="#cite_note-90">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and many other international bodies and <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a> continues to consider Israel to be the occupying power of the Gaza Strip as Israel controls the Gaza Strip's airspace and territorial waters as well as the movement of people or goods in or out of Gaza by air or sea.<a href="#cite_note-AI_briefing-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-isrlpa13698-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-16">[16]</a> The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a> maintains an office on "Occupied Palestinian Territory", which concerns itself with the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a> In his statement on the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict">2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Falk" title="Richard A. Falk">Richard Falk</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> on "the situation of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>" wrote that <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a> applied to Israel "in regard to the obligations of an Occupying Power and in the requirements of the laws of war."<a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> In a 2009 interview on <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Now">Democracy Now</a> Christopher Gunness, spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA) contends that Israel is an occupying power. However, Meagan Buren, senior adviser to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Project">Israel Project</a>, a pro-Israel media group, contests that characterization.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> In 2007, after Hamas defeated Fatah in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza (2007)</a> and took control over the Gaza Strip, Israel imposed a <a href="/wiki/The_2007%E2%80%932009_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="The 2007–2009 blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade on Gaza</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_and_mortar_attacks_in_Israel_in_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rocket and mortar attacks in Israel in 2008">Palestinian rocket attacks</a> and Israeli raids, such as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">Operation Hot Winter</a> continued into 2008. A <a href="/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">six month ceasefire</a> was agreed in June 2008, but it was broken several times by both Israel and Hamas. As it reached its expiry, Hamas announced that they were unwilling to renew the ceasefire without improving the terms.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a> At the end of December 2008 Israeli forces began Operation Cast Lead, launching the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Gaza War</a> that left an estimated 1,166–1,417 Palestinians and 13 Israelis dead.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2009jan12-97">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-idf_updated_death_toll-98">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-PCHR_CIV_STAT-99">[90]</a> In January 2012, the spokesperson for the UN Secretary General stated that under resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, the UN still regards Gaza to be a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.<a href="#cite_note-SPOKESPERSON's_DAILY_HIGHLIGHTS-13">[13]</a> On 7 October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> launched <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">a major attack</a> on Israel from the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> On 9 October 2023, following the beginning of the Israel–Hamas war and attacks in Israel by Hamas militants, Israel imposed a <a href="/wiki/October_2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">"total blockade" of the Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[92]</a> The total blockade of Gaza was announced by Israeli Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a>, who declared: "There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed."<a href="#cite_note-102">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg/220px-Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8264" data-file-height="10696"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 285px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg/220px-Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="285" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg/330px-Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg/440px-Greater_Jerusalem_May_2006_CIA_remote-sensing_map.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> map showing East Jerusalem, the Green Line and Jerusalem's city limits which were unilaterally expanded by Israel, 28 June 1967, annexed by Knesset (30 July 1980), and modified and expanded in February 1992.</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Views_on_terminology_used">Views on terminology used</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Status_of_territories_occupied_by_Israel_in_1967" title="Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967">Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Israeli_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine">Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_views">Palestinian views</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Al_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Haq">Al Haq</a>, an independent Palestinian human rights organization based in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> in the West Bank and an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a>, has asserted that "As noted in Article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 'a party may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty'. As such, Israeli reliance on local law does not justify its violations of its international legal obligations".<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> Further, the Palestinian mission to the U.N. has argued that:<a href="#cite_note-104">[95]</a> <blockquote>it is of no relevance whether a State has a monist or a dualist approach to the incorporation of international law into domestic law. A position dependent upon such considerations contradicts Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 which states that: "a state is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purposes of a treaty when it has undertaken an act expressing its consent thereto." The Treaty, which is substantially a codification of customary international law, also provides that a State "may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty" (Art. 27).</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_views">Israeli views</h3></div> The Israeli government <a href="/wiki/Status_of_territories_captured_by_Israel#%22Disputed_territories%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of territories captured by Israel">maintains</a> that according to international law the West Bank status is that of <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">disputed territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mythsandfactsonline:-105">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-danny-youtube-106">[97]</a> The question is important given if the status of "occupied territories" has a bearing on the legal duties and rights of Israel toward those.<a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a> Hence it has been discussed in various forums including the UN. Israel justifies its control over the territories by citing <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish presence</a> beginning in <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">biblical times</a>, Jordan's prior illegal occupation and initiation of the 1967 war, and security needs due to its small borders and hostile neighbors. Israel states that the territories' final status should be decided <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">through negotiations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-108">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli_judicial_decisions">Israeli judicial decisions</h4></div> In two cases decided shortly after independence, in the Shimshon and Stampfer cases, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> held that the fundamental rules of international law accepted as binding by all "civilized" nations were incorporated in the domestic legal system of Israel. The Nuremberg Military Tribunal determined that the articles annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Hague_IV_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague IV Convention">Hague IV Convention</a> of 1907 were customary law that had been recognized by all civilized nations.<a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a> In the past, the Supreme Court has argued that the Geneva Convention insofar it is not supported by domestic legislation "does not bind this Court, its enforcement being a matter for the states which are parties to the Convention". They ruled that "Conventional international law does not become part of Israeli law through automatic incorporation, but only if it is adopted or combined with Israeli law by enactment of primary or subsidiary legislation from which it derives its force". However, in the same decision the Court ruled that the Fourth Hague Convention rules governing belligerent occupation did apply, since those were recognized as customary international law.<a href="#cite_note-r1-110">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg/220px-Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg/220px-Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg/330px-Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg/440px-Alom_More_from_Har_Kabir.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The settlement <a href="/wiki/Elon_Moreh" title="Elon Moreh">Elon Moreh</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg/220px-Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg/220px-Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg/330px-Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg/440px-Checkpoint_near_Abu_Dis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A military checkpoint along the route of the forthcoming <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bank Barrier">West Bank Barrier</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_High_Court_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli High Court of Justice">Israeli High Court of Justice</a> determined in the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Elon_Moreh" title="Elon Moreh">Elon Moreh</a> case that the area in question was under occupation and that accordingly only the military commander of the area may requisition land according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hague04.asp#art52">Article 52 of the Regulations annexed to the Hague IV Convention</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_necessity" title="Military necessity">Military necessity</a> had been an after-thought in planning portions of the Elon Moreh settlement. That situation did not fulfill the precise strictures laid down in the articles of the Hague Convention, so the Court ruled the requisition order had been invalid and illegal.<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a> In recent decades, the government of Israel has argued before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> that its authority in the territories is based on the international law of "belligerent occupation", in particular the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_(1899_and_1907)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)">Hague Conventions</a>. The court has confirmed this interpretation many times, for example in its 2004 and 2005 rulings on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">separation fence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[104]</a> In its June 2005 ruling upholding the constitutionality of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza disengagement">Gaza disengagement</a>, the Court determined that "Judea and Samaria" [West Bank] and the Gaza area are lands seized during warfare, and are not part of Israel: <blockquote>The Judea and Samaria Area is held by the State of Israel in belligerent occupation. The long arm of the state in the area is the military commander. He is not the sovereign in the territory held in belligerent occupation (see The Beit Sourik Case, at p. 832). His power is granted him by public international law regarding belligerent occupation. The legal meaning of this view is twofold: first, Israeli law does not apply in these areas. They have not been "annexed" to Israel. Second, the legal regime which applies in these areas is determined by public international law regarding belligerent occupation (see HCJ 1661/05 The Gaza Coast Regional Council v. The Knesset et al. (yet unpublished, paragraph 3 of the opinion of the Court; hereinafter – The Gaza Coast Regional Council Case). In the center of this public international law stand the Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 18 October 1907 (hereinafter – The Hague Regulations). These regulations are a reflection of customary international law. The law of belligerent occupation is also laid out in IV Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 (hereinafter – the Fourth Geneva Convention).<a href="#cite_note-114">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli_legal_and_political_views">Israeli legal and political views</h4></div> Soon after the 1967 war, Israel issued a military order stating that the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> applied to the recently occupied territories,<a href="#cite_note-116">[107]</a> but this order was rescinded a few months later.<a href="#cite_note-117">[108]</a> For a number of years, Israel argued on various grounds that the Geneva Conventions do not apply. One is the Missing Reversioner theory<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a> which argued that the Geneva Conventions apply only to the sovereign territory of a High Contracting Party, and therefore do not apply since Jordan never exercised sovereignty over the region.<a href="#cite_note-r1-110">[101]</a> However, that interpretation is not shared by the international community.<a href="#cite_note-Geneva-119">[110]</a> The application of the Geneva Conventions to the Occupied Palestinian Territories was further upheld by the International Court of Justice, UN General Assembly, UN Security Council and the Israeli Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-Geneva-119">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_(535).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg/220px-Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg/220px-Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg/330px-Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg/440px-Qalandia_checkpoint_-_panoramio_%28535%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a></figcaption></figure> In cases before the Israeli High Court of Justice, the government has agreed that the military commander's authority is anchored in the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, and that the humanitarian rules of the Fourth Geneva Convention apply.<a href="#cite_note-120">[111]</a> The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs says that the Supreme Court of Israel has ruled that the Fourth Geneva Convention and certain parts of Additional Protocol I reflect customary international law that is applicable in the occupied territories.<a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a> Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court <a href="/wiki/Meir_Shamgar" title="Meir Shamgar">Meir Shamgar</a>, taking a different approach, wrote in the 1970s that there is no <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> applicability of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention regarding occupied territories to the case of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> since the Convention "is based on the assumption that there had been a sovereign who was ousted and that he had been a legitimate sovereign."<a href="#cite_note-Gold_on_Disputed_Territories-122">[113]</a> Israeli diplomat <a href="/wiki/Dore_Gold" title="Dore Gold">Dore Gold</a> has argued that the language of "occupation" has allowed Palestinian spokesmen to obfuscate this history. By repeatedly pointing to "occupation", they manage to reverse the causality of the conflict, especially in front of Western audiences. Thus, the current territorial dispute is allegedly the result of an Israeli decision "to occupy" rather than a result of a war imposed on Israel by a coalition of Arab states in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-Gold_on_Disputed_Territories-122">[113]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Situation_in_the_West_Bank_(May_2021).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg/170px-Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="345" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2226" data-file-height="4522"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 345px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg/170px-Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="345" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg/255px-Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg/340px-Situation_in_the_West_Bank_%28May_2021%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, May 2021, showing <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian</a> (green) and Israeli control.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Gorenberg" title="Gershom Gorenberg">Gershom Gorenberg</a>, disputing these views, has written that the Israeli government knew at the outset that it was violating the Geneva Convention by creating civilian settlements in the territories under IDF administration. He explained that as the legal counsel of the Foreign Ministry, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Meron" title="Theodor Meron">Theodor Meron</a> was the Israeli government's expert on international law. On September 16, 1967, Meron wrote a top secret memo to Adi Yafeh, Political Secretary of the Prime Minister, regarding "Settlement in the Administered Territories", which said, "My conclusion is that civilian settlement in the Administered territories contravenes the explicit provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention."<a href="#cite_note-123">[114]</a> Moshe Dayan authored a secret memo in 1968 proposing massive settlement in the territories which said "Settling Israelis in administered territory, as is known, contravenes international conventions, but there is nothing essentially new about that."<a href="#cite_note-124">[115]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Israeli cabinets</a> have made political statements and many of Israel's citizens and supporters <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation#Disputed_to_be_a_military_occupation_by_nation_of_dominant_military_forces_in_area" title="Military occupation">dispute</a> that the territories are occupied and claim that use of the term "occupied" in relation to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s control of the areas has no basis in <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> or <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel#The_Land_of_Israel_and_the_State_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">history</a>, and that it prejudges the outcome of any future or ongoing <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">negotiations</a>. They argue it is more accurate to refer to the territories as "<a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict#%22Occupied%22_vs._%22Disputed%22_territories" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">disputed</a>" rather than "<a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a>" although they agree to apply the humanitarian provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a> pending resolution of the dispute. <a href="/wiki/Yoram_Dinstein" title="Yoram Dinstein">Yoram Dinstein</a> has dismissed the position that they are not occupied as being "based on dubious legal grounds, considering that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not make its applicability conditional on recognition of [sovereign] titles".<a href="#cite_note-125">[116]</a> Many Israeli government websites do refer to the areas as being "occupied territories".<a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a> According to the BBC, "Israel argues that the international conventions relating to occupied land do not apply to the Palestinian territories because they were not under the legitimate sovereignty of any state in the first place."<a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a> In the Report on the Legal Status of Building in Judea and Samaria, usually referred to as <a href="/wiki/Levy_Report" title="Levy Report">Levy Report</a>, published in July 2012, a three-member committee headed by former Israeli Supreme Court justice <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Levy">Edmund Levy</a> which was appointed by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Binyamin Netanyahu">Binyamin Netanyahu</a> comes to the conclusion that Israel's presence in the West Bank is not an occupation in the legal sense,<a href="#cite_note-NYTValidate-128">[119]</a> and that the Israeli settlements in those territories do not contravene international law.<a href="#cite_note-JP276802-129">[120]</a> The report has met with both approval and harsh criticism in Israel and outside. As of July 2013, the report was not brought before the Israeli cabinet or any parliamentary or governmental body which would have the power to approve it. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli_Jewish_religious_views">Israeli Jewish religious views</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg/200px-Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 280px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg/200px-Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="280" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg/300px-Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg/400px-Map_Land_of_Israel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map showing an interpretation of the borders of the Land of Israel, based on scriptural verses found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0434.htm#1">Numbers 34:1–15</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1247.htm#13">Ezekiel 47:13–20</a>, includes almost all of the occupied territories.</figcaption></figure> According to the views of most adherents of <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a> and to certain streams of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>, there are no, and cannot be, "occupied territories" because all of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל ʼÉreṣ Yiśrāʼēl, Eretz Yisrael) belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a>, since the times of Biblical antiquity based on various <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> passages.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Jewish religious belief that the area is a God-given inheritance of the Jewish people is based on the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, especially the books of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Prophets</a>. According to the Book of Genesis, the land was promised by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> to the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> through his son <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, Abraham's grandson. A literal reading of the text suggests that the land promise is (or was at one time) one of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_covenants" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical covenants">Biblical covenants</a> between God and the Israelites, as the following verses show.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The definition of the limits of this territory varies between biblical passages, some of the main ones being: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0115.htm#18">Genesis 15:18–21</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0223.htm#28">Exodus 23:28–33</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0434.htm#1">Numbers 34:1–15</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0511.htm#24">Deuteronomy 11:24</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0501.htm#7">Deuteronomy 1:7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1247.htm#13">Ezekiel 47:13–20</a></li></ul> The boundaries of the Land of Israel are different from the borders of historical <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israelite kingdoms</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba state</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Herodian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Kingdom">Herodian Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean Kingdom">Hasmonean Kingdom</a>, and possibly the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel and Judah</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[121]</a> ruled lands with similar but not identical boundaries. The current <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> also has similar but not identical boundaries. A small sect of <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> Jews, the <a href="/wiki/Neturei_Karta" title="Neturei Karta">Neturei Karta</a> opposes <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and calls for a peaceful dismantling of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, in the belief that Jews are forbidden to have their own state until the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_views">International views</h3></div> The official term used by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> to describe Israeli-occupied territories is "the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem", which is used, for example, in Resolutions <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/ba123cded3ea84a5852560e50077c2dc?OpenDocument">446 (1979)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150517060936/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/ba123cded3ea84a5852560e50077c2dc?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2015-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/0b7116abb4b7e3e9852560e5007688a0?OpenDocument">452 (1979)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062758/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/0b7116abb4b7e3e9852560e5007688a0?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2015-04-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_465" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 465">465 (1980)</a> and 484. A conference of the parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention,<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> have also resolved that these territories are occupied and that the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a> provisions regarding occupied territories apply. Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem in 1980 (see <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>) has not been recognized by any other country,<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a> and the annexation of the Golan Heights in 1981 (see <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Golan Heights Law</a>) has been recognized only by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> declared the annexation of East Jerusalem "null and void" and required that it be rescinded. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">United Nations Security Council Resolution 497</a> also declared the annexation of the Golan "null and void". Following withdrawal by Israel from the Sinai Peninsula in 1982, as part of the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>, the Sinai ceased to be considered occupied territory. While the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a> the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-International_Court_of_Justice-2">[2]</a> the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a><a href="#cite_note-http://unispal.un.org-3">[3]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[128]</a> consider East Jerusalem to be part of the West Bank and occupied by Israel; Israel considers all of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to be its capital and sovereign territory.<a href="#cite_note-kbl-138">[129]</a> The international community has formally entrusted the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with the role of guardian of international humanitarian law. That includes a watchdog function by which it takes direct action to encourage parties to armed conflict to comply with international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a> The head of the International Red Cross delegation to Israel and the Occupied Territories stated that the establishment of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories is a grave breach of the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> that constitute <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a> In 1986, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> ruled that portions of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 merely declare existing customary international law.<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> In 1993, the UN Security Council adopted a binding Chapter VII resolution establishing an International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The resolution approved a Statute which said that the problem of adherence of some but not all States to the Geneva Conventions does not arise, since beyond any doubt the Convention is declarative of customary international law.<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a> The subsequent interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> does not support Israel's view on the applicability of the Geneva Conventions.<a href="#cite_note-icj-143">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House,_25_March_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signs the proclamation <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing Israel's sovereignty</a> over the Golan Heights, 25 March 2019</figcaption></figure> In July 2004, the International Court of Justice delivered an <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Opinion" class="mw-redirect" title="Advisory Opinion">Advisory Opinion</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908090214/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&k=5a&PHPSESSID=1e92d1f61e92ee74a585b3d836385610&case=131&code=mwp&p3=4">'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory'</a>. The Court observed that under customary international law as reflected in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hague04.asp#art42">Article 42 of the Regulations annexed to the Hague IV Convention</a>, territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army, and the occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and can be exercised. <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> raised a number of exceptions and objections,<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a> but the Court found them unpersuasive. The Court ruled that territories had been occupied by the Israeli armed forces in 1967, during the conflict between Israel and Jordan, and that subsequent events in those territories, had done nothing to alter the situation. Multiple <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> resolutions have described the continuing occupation of Palestine <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Israeli_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine">as illegal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[136]</a> Michael Lynk, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteur</a> on human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, in his 2017 report to the UN General Assembly has opined that the occupation itself has become illegal and has recommended that a UN study be commissioned to determine this and to consider asking the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion.<a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a> The general thrust of international law scholarship addressing this question has concluded that, regardless of whether it was initially legal, the occupation has become illegal over time. <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Israeli_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine">Reasons cited for its illegality</a> include the violation of the <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force_in_international_law" title="Use of force in international law">prohibition on the acquisition of territory through force</a>, that the occupation violates the Palestinian right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, that the occupation itself is an illegal regime "of alien subjugation, domination and exploitation", or some combination of these factors.<a href="#cite_note-147">[138]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="International_law_violations">International law violations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Israeli_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine">Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel#Human_rights_in_the_occupied_territories" title="Human rights in Israel">Human rights in Israel § Human rights in the occupied territories</a></div> The establishment of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a> is held to constitute a transfer of Israel's civilian population into the occupied territories and as such is illegal under the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">Fourth Geneva Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a> This is disputed by other legal experts who argue with this interpretation of the law.<a href="#cite_note-151">[142]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh,_Lod_may_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg/220px-Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg/220px-Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg/330px-Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg/440px-Protesters_carring_photos_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh%2C_Lod_may_22.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protestors in <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a> carrying photos of Palestinian-American journalist <a href="/wiki/Shireen_Abu_Akleh" title="Shireen Abu Akleh">Shireen Abu Akleh</a>, who was shot dead while reporting in the West Bank on 11 May 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2000, the editors of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Palestine Yearbook of International Law (1998–1999) said "the "transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory" amounts to a war crime. They hold that this is obviously applicable to Israeli settlement activities in the Occupied Arab Territories."<a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a> In 2004 the International Court of Justice, in an advisory, non-binding<a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a> opinion, noted that the Security Council had described Israel's policy and practices of settling parts of its population and new immigrants in the occupied territories as a "flagrant violation" of the Fourth Geneva Convention. The Court also concluded that the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (including East Jerusalem) have been established "in breach of international law" and that all the States parties to the Geneva Convention are under an obligation to ensure compliance by Israel with international law as embodied in the Convention.<a href="#cite_note-icj-143">[134]</a> In May 2012 the 27 ministers of foreign affairs of the European Union published a report strongly denouncing policies of the State of Israel in the West Bank and finding that settlements in the West Bank are illegal: "settlements remain illegal under international law, irrespective of recent decisions by the government of Israel. The EU reiterates that it will not recognize any changes to the pre-1967 borders including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties."<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-154">[145]</a> The report by all EU foreign ministers also criticized the Israeli government's failure to dismantle settler outposts illegal even under domestic Israeli law."<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-154">[145]</a> Israel denies that the Israeli settlements are in breach of any international laws.<a href="#cite_note-MFA_FAQ_settlements-155">[146]</a> The Israeli Supreme Court has yet to rule decisively on settlement legality under the Geneva Convention.<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_UN_report_on_settlements">2012 UN report on settlements</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Human Rights Commission">United Nations Human Rights Commission</a> decided in March 2012 to establish a panel charged with investigating "the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem."<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz_2012-157">[148]</a> In reaction the government of Israel ceased cooperating with the <a href="/wiki/UN_High_Commissioner_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN High Commissioner on Human Rights">UN High Commissioner on Human Rights</a> and boycotted the UN Human Rights Commission. The U.S. government acceded to the Israeli government demand to attempt to thwart the formation of such a panel.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz_2012-157">[148]</a> On January 31, 2012, the United Nations independent "International Fact-Finding Mission on Israeli Settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" filed a report stating that Israeli settlement led to a multitude of violations of Palestinian human rights and that if Israel did not stop all settlement activity immediately and begin withdrawing all settlers from the West Bank, it potentially might face a case at the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>. It said that Israel was in violation of article 49 of the fourth <a href="/wiki/Geneva_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva convention">Geneva convention</a> forbidding transferring civilians of the occupying nation into occupied territory. It held that the settlements are "leading to a creeping annexation that prevents the establishment of a contiguous and viable Palestinian state and undermines the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination." After Palestine's admission to the United Nations as a non-member state in September 2012, it potentially may have its complaint heard by the International Court. Israel's foreign ministry replied to the report saying that "Counterproductive measures – such as the report before us – will only hamper efforts to find a sustainable solution to the Israel-Palestinian conflict. The human rights council has sadly distinguished itself by its systematically one-sided and biased approach towards Israel."<a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_EU_directive_for_2014_to_2020">2013 EU directive for 2014 to 2020</h3></div> Following a decision by <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) foreign ministers in December 2012 stating that "all agreements between the state of Israel and the EU must unequivocally and explicitly indicate their inapplicability to the territories occupied by Israel in 1967", the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> issued guidelines for the 2014 to 2020 financial framework covering all areas of co-operation between the EU and Israel, including economics, science, culture, sports and academia but excluding trade on 30 June 2013. According to the directive all future agreements between the EU and Israel must explicitly exclude Jewish settlements and Israeli institutions and bodies situated across the pre-1967 Green Line – including the Golan Heights, the West Bank and East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Guardianexclusion-clause-161">[152]</a> EU grants, funding, prizes or scholarships will only be granted if a settlement exclusion clause is included, forcing the Israeli government to concede in writing that settlements in the occupied territories are outside the state of Israel to secure agreements with the EU.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz1.535952-162">[153]</a> In a statement, the EU said that <blockquote>the guidelines are...in conformity with the EU's longstanding position that Israeli settlements are illegal under international law and with the non-recognition by the EU of Israel's sovereignty over the occupied territories, irrespective of their legal status under domestic Israeli law. At the moment Israeli entities enjoy financial support and cooperation with the EU and these guidelines are designed to ensure that this remains the case. At the same time concern has been expressed in Europe that Israeli entities in the occupied territories could benefit from EU support. The purpose of these guidelines is to make a distinction between the State of Israel and the occupied territories when it comes to EU support.<a href="#cite_note-EU-163">[154]</a></blockquote> The guidelines do not apply to any Palestinian body in the West Bank or East Jerusalem, and they do not affect agreements between the EU and the PLO or the Palestinian Authority, nor do they apply to Israeli government ministries or national agencies, to private individuals, to human rights organizations operating in the occupied territories, or to <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a> working toward promoting peace which operate in the occupied territories.<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz1.536155-164">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guidelines-165">[156]</a> The move was described as an "earthquake" by an Israeli official who wished to remain anonymous,<a href="#cite_note-Haaretz1.535952-162">[153]</a> and prompted harsh criticism by prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu who said in a broadcast statement: "As prime minister of Israel, I will not allow the hundreds of thousands of Israelis who live in the West Bank, Golan Heights and our united capital Jerusalem to be harmed. We will not accept any external diktats about our borders. This matter will only be settled in direct negotiations between the parties." Israel is also concerned that the same policy could extend to settlement produce and goods exported to European markets, as some EU member states are pressing for an EU-wide policy of labelling produce and goods originating in Jewish settlements to allow consumers to make informed choices.<a href="#cite_note-Guardianexclusion-clause-161">[152]</a> A special ministerial panel led by prime minister Netanyahu, decided to approach the EU and demand several key amendments in the guidelines before entering any new projects with the Europeans. A spokesperson for the EU confirmed that further talks would take place between Israel and the EU, stating: "We stand ready to organise discussions during which such clarifications can be provided and look forward to continued successful EU-Israel cooperation, including in the area of scientific cooperation."<a href="#cite_note-Telegraphexclusion-clause-166">[157]</a> Palestinians and their supporters hailed the EU directive as a significant political and economic sanction against settlements. <a href="/wiki/Hanan_Ashrawi" title="Hanan Ashrawi">Hanan Ashrawi</a> welcomed the guidelines, saying: "The EU has moved from the level of statements, declarations and denunciations to effective policy decisions and concrete steps, which constitute a qualitative shift that will have a positive impact on the chances of peace."<a href="#cite_note-Guardianexclusion-clause-161">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_ICJ_opinion">2024 ICJ opinion</h3></div> The International Court of Justice delivered a landmark advisory opinion in July 2024 that Israel's occupation of West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip was illegal, and that this "unlawful presence" should be ended "as rapidly as possible".<a href="#cite_note-Maupas-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a> The court found that Israel's occupation was illegal due to "sustained abuse by Israel of its position as an occupying power through its annexation and assertion of permanent control over occupied Palestinian territory, and its continued frustration of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination".<a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a> The court also stated that Israel should "make reparations for the damage caused to all the people" of such lands, and that Israel also had "an obligation to cease immediately all new settlement activities and to evacuate all settlers" from the West Bank and East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Jacob-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[161]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_apartheid" title="Israeli apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian annexation of the West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_settlements" title="List of Israeli settlements">List of Israeli settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Israel">Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Israel</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Taba-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taba_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taba_25-1">b</a> The border town of <a href="/wiki/Taba,_Egypt" title="Taba, Egypt">Taba</a> was returned in 1989 in a separate arrangement allowing Israelis to travel there free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> From May 1994 (signing of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a>) through August 2005 (<a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a>), Israel ceded a portion of the strip to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Current_Gaza-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Current_Gaza_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Current_Gaza_27-1">b</a> See <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trian_and_Sanafir-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trian_and_Sanafir_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trian_and_Sanafir_28-1">b</a> The occupied area included the islands of <a href="/wiki/Tiran_Island" title="Tiran Island">Tiran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanafir_Island" title="Sanafir Island">Sanafir</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a>. Israel transferred the islands to Egypt as part of its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and, subsequently, in 2017 Egypt transferred the two islands to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. Israel was consulted and approved the subsequent transfer to Saudi Arabia </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Although renounced in 1988 its claims to East Jerusalem, Jordan still claims the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque compound">Al-Aqsa Mosque compound</a> within East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area_B-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Area_B_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Area_B_33-1">b</a> Area B is under PNA civilian control and under Israeli security control. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Since the occupation began in 1967, Israel applied its laws on Israeli citizens living in the West Bank with successive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel%27s_law_authorizing_Israeli_settlements_in_the_West_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel's law authorizing Israeli settlements in the West Bank (page does not exist)">emergency authorizations</a> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_(%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%E2%80%93_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA)" class="extiw" title="he:תקנות שעת חירום (יהודה והשומרון – שיפוט בעבירות ועזרה משפטית)">he</a>], each one lasting for five years. The last emergency authorization was approved in January 2023.<a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Over the years Israel had several plans to annex portions of the territory. The first plan was called the <a href="/wiki/Allon_Plan" title="Allon Plan">Allon Plan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">most recent plan</a> was to annex 60% of the territory by July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a> None of the annexation plans were ever executed. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> In the context of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war of 2023–2024</a>, some Israelis have organized with the goal of rebuilding the evacuated settlements.<a href="#cite_note-38">[30]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/89-92/Chapter%208/MIDDLE%20EAST/item%2024_occupied%20arab%20territories_.pdf">"The situation in the occupied Arab territories"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227122418/http://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/89-92/Chapter%208/MIDDLE%20EAST/item%2024_occupied%20arab%20territories_.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2018-08-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+situation+in+the+occupied+Arab+territories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fsc%2Frepertoire%2F89-92%2FChapter%25208%2FMIDDLE%2520EAST%2Fitem%252024_occupied%2520arab%2520territories_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Court_of_Justice-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_Court_of_Justice_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Court_of_Justice_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104839/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3&p2=4&p3=6&ca">"Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory"</a>. International Court of Justice. 9 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3&p2=4&p3=6&ca">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2012-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Consequences+of+the+Construction+of+a+Wall+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory&rft.pub=International+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Findex.php%3Fpr%3D71%26code%3Dmwp%26p1%3D3%26p2%3D4%26p3%3D6%26ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://unispal.un.org-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-http://unispal.un.org_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-http://unispal.un.org_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010091056/https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/UNISPAL.NSF/47D4E277B48D9D3685256DDC00612265/C2A00B6E6E1C02CF8525798E00578F75">"Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Information_System_on_the_Question_of_Palestine" title="United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine">United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine</a>. 2012-12-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/UNISPAL.NSF/47D4E277B48D9D3685256DDC00612265/C2A00B6E6E1C02CF8525798E00578F75">the original</a> on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2012-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+settlements+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%2C+including+East+Jerusalem%2C+and+the+occupied+Syrian+Golan&rft.pub=United+Nations+Information+System+on+the+Question+of+Palestine&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FDPA%2FDPR%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F47D4E277B48D9D3685256DDC00612265%2FC2A00B6E6E1C02CF8525798E00578F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNSC_Res_476-4"><a href="#cite_ref-UNSC_Res_476_4-0">^</a> Strongly deplores the continued refusal of Israel, the occupying Power, to comply with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_LapidothMoshe_Hirsch1994" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Lapidoth; Moshe Hirsch (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e93JIwTBjHgC&pg=PA351">The Jerusalem Question and Its Resolution: Selected Documents</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 351–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-2893-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-2893-3"><bdi>978-0-7923-2893-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Question+and+Its+Resolution%3A+Selected+Documents&rft.pages=351-&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-2893-3&rft.au=Ruth+Lapidoth&rft.au=Moshe+Hirsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De93JIwTBjHgC%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maupas-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maupas_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maupas_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaupasImbert2024" class="citation news cs1">Maupas, Stephanie; Imbert, Louis (July 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/07/20/international-court-of-justice-calls-on-israel-to-end-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-as-rapidly-as-possible_6691356_4.html">"International Court of Justice calls on Israel to end occupation of Palestinian territories 'as rapidly as possible"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240721235645/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/07/20/international-court-of-justice-calls-on-israel-to-end-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-as-rapidly-as-possible_6691356_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=International+Court+of+Justice+calls+on+Israel+to+end+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories+%27as+rapidly+as+possible&rft.date=2024-07-20&rft.aulast=Maupas&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Imbert%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2024%2F07%2F20%2Finternational-court-of-justice-calls-on-israel-to-end-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-as-rapidly-as-possible_6691356_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacob-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacob_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacob_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob2024" class="citation news cs1">Jacob, Sarah (19 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/company-news/2024/07/19/israels-palestinian-territories-occupation-unlawful-un-court/">"Israel's Palestinian Territories Occupation Unlawful: UN Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BNN_Bloomberg" title="BNN Bloomberg">BNN Bloomberg</a>. Retrieved 21 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BNN+Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Palestinian+Territories+Occupation+Unlawful%3A+UN+Court&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnbloomberg.ca%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news%2F2024%2F07%2F19%2Fisraels-palestinian-territories-occupation-unlawful-un-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/un-expert-if-talks-fail-hague-should-opine-on-israel/">"Controversial UN expert: If talks fail, Hague should opine on Israel"</a>. The Times of Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507185522/https://www.timesofisrael.com/un-expert-if-talks-fail-hague-should-opine-on-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2014-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Controversial+UN+expert%3A+If+talks+fail%2C+Hague+should+opine+on+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fun-expert-if-talks-fail-hague-should-opine-on-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-domino.un.org-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-domino.un.org_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-domino.un.org_8-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/46707c419d6bdfa24125673e00508145/09d47365bd007706c12575c20046ec2a">Beit Sourik Village Council v. The Government of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913053510/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/46707c419d6bdfa24125673e00508145/09d47365bd007706c12575c20046ec2a">Archived</a> 2022-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF) . Retrieved on April 4, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarchin2012" class="citation web cs1">Zarchin, Tomer (July 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/legal-expert-if-israel-isn-t-occupying-west-bank-it-must-give-up-land-held-by-idf-1.449909">"Legal Expert: If Israel Isn't Occupying West Bank, It Must Give Up Land Held by IDF"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010123620/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/legal-expert-if-israel-isn-t-occupying-west-bank-it-must-give-up-land-held-by-idf-1.449909">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017. <q>'If the Levy Committee is pushing the government to determine that Israel's presence in the West Bank does not violate international law, Israel is in a dangerous position facing the rest of the world,' said Sasson this morning to Haaretz. ... 'For 45 years, different compositions of the High Court of Justice stated again and again that international law applies to the West Bank, which is clearly opposed to Levy's findings. This is a colossal turnaround, which I do not think is within his authority. He can tell the government that he recommends changing legal status, and that's all,' said Sasson.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Legal+Expert%3A+If+Israel+Isn%27t+Occupying+West+Bank%2C+It+Must+Give+Up+Land+Held+by+IDF&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft.aulast=Zarchin&rft.aufirst=Tomer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Flegal-expert-if-israel-isn-t-occupying-west-bank-it-must-give-up-land-held-by-idf-1.449909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/Behind+the+Headlines/FAQ_Peace_process_with_Palestinians_Dec_2009.htm#Settlements1">FAQ: The Peace process with the Palestinians – Dec 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517003145/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/Behind+the+Headlines/FAQ_Peace_process_with_Palestinians_Dec_2009.htm#Settlements1">Archived</a> 2022-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories," by Dore Gold</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709034305/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jcpa.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-mfafaq-12"><a href="#cite_ref-mfafaq_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219075254/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/FAQ/Pages/FAQ_Peace_process_with_Palestinians_Dec_2009.aspx">"Israel, the Conflict and Peace: Answers to frequently asked questions"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2009-12-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/FAQ/Pages/FAQ_Peace_process_with_Palestinians_Dec_2009.aspx#Settlements1">the original</a> on 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%2C+the+Conflict+and+Peace%3A+Answers+to+frequently+asked+questions&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeignPolicy%2FFAQ%2FPages%2FFAQ_Peace_process_with_Palestinians_Dec_2009.aspx%23Settlements1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPOKESPERSON's_DAILY_HIGHLIGHTS-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPOKESPERSON's_DAILY_HIGHLIGHTS_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPOKESPERSON's_DAILY_HIGHLIGHTS_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508013916/http://www.un.org/News/ossg/hilites/hilites_arch_view.asp?HighID=2059">"SPOKESPERSON's DAILY HIGHLIGHTS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/News/ossg/hilites/hilites_arch_view.asp?HighID=2059">the original</a> on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPOKESPERSON%27s+DAILY+HIGHLIGHTS&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2Fossg%2Fhilites%2Fhilites_arch_view.asp%3FHighID%3D2059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_briefing-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AI_briefing_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AI_briefing_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/007/2009/en/">"Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 2009-01-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415160014/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/007/2009/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2009-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%2FOccupied+Palestinian+Territories%3A+The+conflict+in+Gaza%3A+A+briefing+on+applicable+law%2C+investigations+and+accountability&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde15%2F007%2F2009%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-isrlpa13698-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isrlpa13698_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-isrlpa13698_15-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/06/isrlpa13698.htm">"Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081015172833/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/06/isrlpa13698.htm">Archived</a> 2008-10-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> July 6, 2006; Human Rights Watch considers Gaza still occupied. </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn2009-01-06_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn2009-01-06_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevs2009" class="citation news cs1">Levs, Josh (2009-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/06/israel.gaza.occupation.question/index.html">"Is Gaza 'occupied' territory?"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121084340/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/06/israel.gaza.occupation.question/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-01-21. Retrieved 2009-05-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is+Gaza+%27occupied%27+territory%3F&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Levs&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F01%2F06%2Fisrael.gaza.occupation.question%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRWGaza-17"><a href="#cite_ref-HRWGaza_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2004/10/28/israel-disengagement-will-not-end-gaza-occupation">"Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 2004-10-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415205835/http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2004/10/28/israel-disengagement-will-not-end-gaza-occupation">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-15. Retrieved 11 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+%27Disengagement%27+Will+Not+End+Gaza+Occupation&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2004%2F10%2F28%2Fisrael-disengagement-will-not-end-gaza-occupation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prosor-18"><a href="#cite_ref-prosor_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219090135/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/InternatlOrgs/Speeches/Pages/Amb-Prosor-addresses-the-UN-Security-Council-18-Jul-2014.aspx">"Ambassador Prosor addresses the UN Security Council"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2014-07-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/InternatlOrgs/Speeches/Pages/Amb-Prosor-addresses-the-UN-Security-Council-18-Jul-2014.aspx">the original</a> on 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2015-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ambassador+Prosor+addresses+the+UN+Security+Council&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FInternatlOrgs%2FSpeeches%2FPages%2FAmb-Prosor-addresses-the-UN-Security-Council-18-Jul-2014.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/634KFC">Occupation and international humanitarian law: questions and answers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123155250/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/634KFC">Archived</a> 2009-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-GCIV-20"><a href="#cite_ref-GCIV_20-0">^</a> Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebPrint/380-600054-COM?OpenDocument">Commentary on Part III : Status and treatment of protected persons #Section III : Occupied territories Art. 47</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203213502/http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebPrint/380-600054-COM?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2010-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-legal.un.org-21"><a href="#cite_ref-legal.un.org_21-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/icc/STATUTE/99_corr/cstatute.htm">Rome Statute Of The International Criminal Court Article 8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222421/http://legal.un.org/icc/statute/99_corr/cstatute.htm">Archived</a> 2013-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. legal.un.org. Retrieved on 2013-10-18. </li> <li id="cite_note-icrc.org-22"><a href="#cite_ref-icrc.org_22-0">^</a> Articles 85, 88, and 89 of Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/470?OpenDocument">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312101646/http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/full/470?opendocument">Archived</a> 2013-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/18210">"407,118"</a>. Israel National News. 9 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119074231/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/18210">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=407%2C118&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FArticles%2FArticle.aspx%2F18210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel1989" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Glenn (February 27, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/02/27/israel-egypt-sign-accord-on-return-of-taba-resort/f6598415-44b9-4e5d-928e-a17cd0b978b4/">"Israel, Egypt sign accord on return of Taba resort"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093454/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/02/27/israel-egypt-sign-accord-on-return-of-taba-resort/f6598415-44b9-4e5d-928e-a17cd0b978b4/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Egypt+sign+accord+on+return+of+Taba+resort&rft.date=1989-02-27&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1989%2F02%2F27%2Fisrael-egypt-sign-accord-on-return-of-taba-resort%2Ff6598415-44b9-4e5d-928e-a17cd0b978b4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-speech-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speech_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-speech_29-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/88_july31.html">Address to the Nation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722033545/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/88_july31.html">Archived</a> 2019-07-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kinghussein.gov.jo. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKifner1988" class="citation news cs1">Kifner, John (August 1, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/01/world/hussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeopardy-internal-tensions.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">"HUSSEIN SURRENDERS CLAIMS ON WEST BANK TO THE P.L.O.; U.S. PEACE PLAN IN JEOPARDY; Internal Tensions"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913053557/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/01/world/hussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeopardy-internal-tensions.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=HUSSEIN+SURRENDERS+CLAIMS+ON+WEST+BANK+TO+THE+P.L.O.%3B+U.S.+PEACE+PLAN+IN+JEOPARDY%3B+Internal+Tensions&rft.date=1988-08-01&rft.aulast=Kifner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F08%2F01%2Fworld%2Fhussein-surrenders-claims-west-bank-plo-us-peace-plan-jeopardy-internal-tensions.html%3Fsec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulovSafi2020" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin; Safi, Michael (November 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/26/jordan-scrambles-affirm-custodianship-al-aqsa-mosque">"Jordan scrambles to affirm its custodianship of al-Aqsa mosque"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jordan+scrambles+to+affirm+its+custodianship+of+al-Aqsa+mosque&rft.date=2020-11-26&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Safi%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fnov%2F26%2Fjordan-scrambles-affirm-custodianship-al-aqsa-mosque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-01-24/ty-article/.premium/israels-knesset-extends-west-bank-emergency-orders-by-another-five-years/00000185-e4f6-d5f1-afcd-e5fe754b0000">"Israel's Knesset Extends West Bank Emergency Orders by Another Five Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 24 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125141023/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-01-24/ty-article/.premium/israels-knesset-extends-west-bank-emergency-orders-by-another-five-years/00000185-e4f6-d5f1-afcd-e5fe754b0000">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Knesset+Extends+West+Bank+Emergency+Orders+by+Another+Five+Years&rft.date=2023-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-01-24%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraels-knesset-extends-west-bank-emergency-orders-by-another-five-years%2F00000185-e4f6-d5f1-afcd-e5fe754b0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrämer2020" class="citation news cs1">Krämer, Tania (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/israel-plans-to-annex-west-bank-territories/a-53690621">"Israel plans to annex West Bank territories"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200608030545/https://www.dw.com/en/israel-plans-to-annex-west-bank-territories/a-53690621">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+plans+to+annex+West+Bank+territories&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%A4mer&rft.aufirst=Tania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fisrael-plans-to-annex-west-bank-territories%2Fa-53690621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfeLzXqL-nI">The Israelis who campaign to occupy Gaza</a> (News). DW News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240129171051/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfeLzXqL-nI">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-01-29. Retrieved 2024-01-30 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Israelis+who+campaign+to+occupy+Gaza&rft.pub=DW+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpfeLzXqL-nI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> Reporting by Aya Ibrahim. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The Arab–Israeli Dilemma (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East), Syracuse University Press; 3rd edition (August, 1985) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2340-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2340-3">978-0-8156-2340-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.689861/k.7BC5/Israels_Withdrawal_from_Sinai_19791982.htm/">Kintera.org—The Giving Communities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060301091150/http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.689861/k.7BC5/Israels_Withdrawal_from_Sinai_19791982.htm">Archived</a> 2006-03-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Theisraelproject.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> "Upon completion of the interim withdrawal provided for in Annex I, the parties will establish normal and friendly relations, in accordance with Article III (3)." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Thompson1978" class="citation book cs1">Frank Thompson (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_5-9zWaBI0C&pg=PA496">Jimmy Carter</a>. US Government Printing Office. p. 496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-058935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-058935-5"><bdi>978-0-16-058935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Carter&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-16-058935-5&rft.au=Frank+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_5-9zWaBI0C%26pg%3DPA496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ybookcoil2004-43"><a href="#cite_ref-ybookcoil2004_43-0">^</a> During the Autumn of 2003, following the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.ynet.co.il/pic/docs/doc_30.1/default.htm">declassification of key Aman documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321042602/http://my.ynet.co.il/pic/docs/doc_30.1/default.htm">Archived</a> 2008-03-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a> released a series of controversial articles which revealed that key Israeli figures were aware of considerable danger that an attack was likely, including Golda Meir and Moshe Dayan, but had decided not to act. The two journalists leading the investigation, Ronen Bergman and Gil Meltzer, later went on to publish Yom Kippur War, Real Time: The Updated Edition, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybook.co.il/catalog1.asp?bID=3622710">Yediot Ahronoth/Hemed Books</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227131521/http://www.ybook.co.il/catalog1.asp?bID=3622710">Archived</a> 2021-02-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-511-597-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-511-597-0">978-965-511-597-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_44-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14724842">Golan Heights profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090131122021/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/3393813.stm">Archived</a> 2009-01-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC. 30 August 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070214052049/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/cec8d84e2fe2c0d285256e3d006a820b%21OpenDocument">"Syria's acceptance of 338"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/cec8d84e2fe2c0d285256e3d006a820b%21OpenDocument">the original</a> on February 14, 2007. Retrieved 2017-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%27s+acceptance+of+338&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.nsf%2F9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7%2Fcec8d84e2fe2c0d285256e3d006a820b%2521OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988">. General Assembly Security Council. United Nations. 23 October 1973 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinnebusch,_Raymond_A.Drysdale,_Alasdair1991" class="citation book cs1">Hinnebusch, Raymond A.; Drysdale, Alasdair (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/syriamiddleeast00alas">Syria and the Middle East Peace Process</a>. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/syriamiddleeast00alas/page/105">105</a>, 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87609-105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87609-105-0"><bdi>978-0-87609-105-0</bdi></a>. <q>0876091052.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+and+the+Middle+East+Peace+Process&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=105%2C+108&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87609-105-0&rft.au=Hinnebusch%2C+Raymond+A.&rft.au=Drysdale%2C+Alasdair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsyriamiddleeast00alas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/SC497.pdf">UN Security Council Resolution 497</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628014046/https://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/SC497.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-Golan_Facts-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Golan_Facts_48-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.golan.org.il/vaad/efacts.asp">Golan Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821032728/http://english.golan.org.il/vaad/efacts.asp">Archived</a> 2006-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/golan-heights-druze-cross-into-syria-for-annual-pilgrimage-1.168787">"Golan Heights Druze cross into Syria for annual pilgrimage"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102134942/http://www.haaretz.com/news/golan-heights-druze-cross-into-syria-for-annual-pilgrimage-1.168787">Archived</a> 2012-11-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> 1 September 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Ravid, Barak. (2008-04-02) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/un-tells-israel-place-shaba-farms-in-hands-of-unifil-1.225283">"UN tells Israel: Place Shaba Farms in hands of UNIFIL"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103091242/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/un-tells-israel-place-shaba-farms-in-hands-of-unifil-1.225283">Archived</a> 2012-11-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Letter dated 31 August 1949, addressed to the Chairman of the Conciliation Commission by Mr. Reuven Shiloah, Head of the Delegation of Israel, containing Replies to the Commission's Questionnaire of 15 August 1949 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/c96e0252e7710bce85256d95006bc157?OpenDocument">31st Aug 1949 Israel's official claim to non-state territories</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118203617/https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/c96e0252e7710bce85256d95006bc157?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2018-11-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <noscript><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="Public Domain" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R40092.pdf">Israel and the Palestinians: Prospects for a Two-State Solution</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Palestinians%3A+Prospects+for+a+Two-State+Solution&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmideast%2FR40092.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Lutfiyya, Abdulla M., Baytin: A Jordanian Village. A Study of Social Institutions and Social Change in a Folk Community, Walter de Gruyter, 1966, p.14 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben-NaftaliSfard2018-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Ben-NaftaliSfard2018_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrna_Ben-NaftaliMichael_SfardHedi_Viterbo2018" class="citation book cs1">Orna Ben-Naftali; Michael Sfard; Hedi Viterbo (10 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Is5TDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">The ABC of the OPT: A Legal Lexicon of the Israeli Control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15652-4"><bdi>978-1-107-15652-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303182234/https://books.google.com/books?id=Is5TDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ABC+of+the+OPT%3A+A+Legal+Lexicon+of+the+Israeli+Control+over+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory&rft.pages=52-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.isbn=978-1-107-15652-4&rft.au=Orna+Ben-Naftali&rft.au=Michael+Sfard&rft.au=Hedi+Viterbo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIs5TDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/statistics">"The Separation Barrier – Statistics | B'Tselem"</a>. Btselem.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705235550/http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/statistics">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-05. 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Retrieved 2013-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amherst+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amherst.edu%2F~daschaich%2Fwritings%2Frant%2Ffence.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> Retrieved 2007-04-16. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-02-02/israeli-settler-population-west-bank-surpasses-500000">"Jewish settler population in the West Bank surpasses half a million"</a>. 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Retrieved 2023-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Jewish+settler+population+in+the+West+Bank+surpasses+half+a+million&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2023-02-02%2Fisraeli-settler-population-west-bank-surpasses-500000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/18/israeli-minister-given-sweeping-settlement-building-powers">"Israel to ramp up settlement expansion in occupied West Bank"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel+to+ramp+up+settlement+expansion+in+occupied+West+Bank&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F6%2F18%2Fisraeli-minister-given-sweeping-settlement-building-powers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-05-18/ty-article/.premium/far-right-israeli-minister-lays-groundwork-for-doubling-west-bank-settler-population/00000188-2de6-d6e4-ab9d-ede74a3e0000">"Far-right Israeli Minister Lays Groundwork for Doubling West Bank Settler Population"</a>. 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Retrieved 2023-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.S.+Announced+Israeli+Settlement+Freeze%2C+Netanyahu+Rushed+to+Deny+It&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-02-27%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fu-s-announced-israeli-settlement-freeze-netanyahu-rushed-to-deny-it%2F00000186-926e-d064-afde-f7fed8d50000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharon, Jeremy (23 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/smotrich-handed-sweeping-powers-over-west-bank-control-over-settlement-planning/">"Smotrich handed sweeping powers over West Bank, control over settlement planning"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Smotrich+handed+sweeping+powers+over+West+Bank%2C+control+over+settlement+planning&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fsmotrich-handed-sweeping-powers-over-west-bank-control-over-settlement-planning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreal2023" class="citation news cs1">McGreal, Chris (24 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/former-us-ambassador-accuses-israel-creeping-annexation-west-bank-israel-palestinians">"Former US ambassador accuses Israel of 'creeping annexation' of the West Bank"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224143609/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/former-us-ambassador-accuses-israel-creeping-annexation-west-bank-israel-palestinians">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+US+ambassador+accuses+Israel+of+%27creeping+annexation%27+of+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fformer-us-ambassador-accuses-israel-creeping-annexation-west-bank-israel-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/06/20/israeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html">"Israeli government takes major step toward West Bank annexation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. 21 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008061731/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/06/20/israeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Israeli+government+takes+major+step+toward+West+Bank+annexation&rft.date=2023-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2023%2F06%2F20%2Fisraeli-government-takes-major-step-toward-west-bank-annexation_6034532_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2023" class="citation web cs1">Sharon, Jeremy (18 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/">"Netanyahu hands Smotrich full authority to expand existing settlements"</a>. www.timesofisrael.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113063154/https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+hands+Smotrich+full+authority+to+expand+existing+settlements&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnetanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trustee_annexation-73"><a href="#cite_ref-trustee_annexation_73-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/legsess.html">Sessions of the Arab League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081706/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/legsess.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Session 12-11 Date: May 1950. Council approved plan to consider Jordan the "trustee" of Eastern Palestine. </li> <li id="cite_note-requested_annexation-74"><a href="#cite_ref-requested_annexation_74-0">^</a> In December 1948, at a conference which took place in Jericho, a group of hand-picked leaders of Palestinian Arabs resolved to ask King Abdullah of Transjordan to incorporate the Arab parts of Palestine into his kingdom. The General Armistice Agreement of 3 April 1949 constituted de facto recognition of that incorporation; however, it was specifically designed as a military agreement which did not prejudice the political positions of the contracting parties.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002213659/http://www.jcpa.org.il/art/knesset6.htm">"Annexation of the West Bank by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org.il/art/knesset6.htm">the original</a> on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annexation+of+the+West+Bank+by+the+Hashemite+Kingdom+of+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org.il%2Fart%2Fknesset6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> UK recognition of Israel and of Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>, April 17, 1950—<a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/UKrecognizesIsraelJordan.pdf" class="internal" title="UKrecognizesIsraelJordan.pdf">scan as PDF file</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorman2005" class="citation book cs1">Korman, Sharon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&pg=PA250">The right to conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice</a>. Oxford University Press US. pp. 250–260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-828007-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-828007-1"><bdi>978-0-19-828007-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+right+to+conquest%3A+the+acquisition+of+territory+by+force+in+international+law+and+practice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E250-%3C%2Fspan%3E260&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-828007-1&rft.aulast=Korman&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DueDO1dJyjrUC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/110349">"Costa Rica's Exit Leaves El Salvador with Lone Embassy in Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a>. 18 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010090454/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/110349">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arutz+Sheva&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica%27s+Exit+Leaves+El+Salvador+with+Lone+Embassy+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FFlash.aspx%2F110349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaLevi2006" class="citation news cs1">HaLevi, Ezra, ed. (27 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/110798">"Last Embassy Abandons Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010090457/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/110798">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arutz+Sheva&rft.atitle=Last+Embassy+Abandons+Jerusalem&rft.date=2006-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F110798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MISVkrFAiFk">US embassy opens in Jerusalem | Full ceremony</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517054820/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MISVkrFAiFk">Archived</a> 2018-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, 14 May 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasson_2012-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2012_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2012_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasson2012" class="citation news cs1">Hasson, Nir (29 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/a-surprising-process-of-israelization-is-taking-place-among-palestinians-in-east-jerusalem.premium-1.490367">"A surprising process of 'Israelization' is taking place among Palestinians in East Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129134142/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/a-surprising-process-of-israelization-is-taking-place-among-palestinians-in-east-jerusalem.premium-1.490367">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=A+surprising+process+of+%27Israelization%27+is+taking+place+among+Palestinians+in+East+Jerusalem&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft.aulast=Hasson&rft.aufirst=Nir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fmagazine%2Fa-surprising-process-of-israelization-is-taking-place-among-palestinians-in-east-jerusalem.premium-1.490367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoren2018" class="citation web cs1">Koren, David (2018-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jiss.org.il/en/koren-desire-eastern-jerusalem-arabs-integrate-israeli-society-outweighs-threats-palestinian-authority/">"The desire of eastern Jerusalem Arabs to integrate in Israeli society outweighs the threats of the Palestinian Authority"</a>. JISS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713055417/https://jiss.org.il/en/koren-desire-eastern-jerusalem-arabs-integrate-israeli-society-outweighs-threats-palestinian-authority/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-13. Retrieved 2022-07-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JISS&rft.atitle=The+desire+of+eastern+Jerusalem+Arabs+to+integrate+in+Israeli+society+outweighs+the+threats+of+the+Palestinian+Authority&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjiss.org.il%2Fen%2Fkoren-desire-eastern-jerusalem-arabs-integrate-israeli-society-outweighs-threats-palestinian-authority%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shfanews.net/post/102082">"إستطلاع رأي : 93% من العرب في القدس يفضلون بقاء الحكم الإسرائيلي"</a>. شبكة فلسطين للأنباء – شفا (in Arabic). 13 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313060505/https://www.shfanews.net/post/102082">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-13. Retrieved 2022-04-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1+%E2%80%93+%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A+%3A+93%25+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3+%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shfanews.net%2Fpost%2F102082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/12/15/93-of-east-jerusalem-arabs-prefer-israeli-rule-poll-shows/">"93% of east Jerusalem Arabs prefer Israeli rule, poll shows"</a>. www.israelhayom.com. 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The Washington Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713055416/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/new-poll-reveals-moderate-trend-among-east-jerusalem-palestinians">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-13. Retrieved 2022-07-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute&rft.atitle=New+Poll+Reveals+Moderate+Trend+Among+East+Jerusalem+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fnew-poll-reveals-moderate-trend-among-east-jerusalem-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kingsley_(journalist)" title="Patrick Kingsley (journalist)">Kingsley, Patrick</a> (7 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/world/middleeast/evictions-jerusalem-israeli-palestinian-conflict-protest.html">"Evictions in Jerusalem Become Focus of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. Jerusalem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509010508/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/world/middleeast/evictions-jerusalem-israeli-palestinian-conflict-protest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Evictions+in+Jerusalem+Become+Focus+of+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.date=2021-05-07&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F07%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fevictions-jerusalem-israeli-palestinian-conflict-protest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1677.pdf">Summary of the Advisory Opinion: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825085245/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1677.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-08-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, July 9, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_87-1">b</a> Dore Gold, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm">JCPA Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm">Archived</a> 2010-06-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>, Vol. 5, No. 3, August 26, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-CJPA2-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CJPA2_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CJPA2_88-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415040103/http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=443&PID=0&IID=2021&TTL=International_Law_and_Gaza:_The_Assault_on_Israel's_Right_to_Self-Defense">International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>, Vol. 7, No. 29 28 January 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print">Israeli MFA Address by Israeli Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025009/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches%2Bby%2BIsraeli%2Bleaders/2008/Address%2Bby%2BFM%2BLivni%2Bto%2Bthe%2B8th%2BHerzliya%2BConference%2B22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print">Archived</a> 2011-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)</a>, 22 January 22, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/14/gaza-israels-open-air-prison-15">"Gaza: Israel's 'Open-Air Prison' at 15"</a>. 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Retrieved October 19, 2023. <q>Because of the continuing controls Israel exercises over the lives and welfare of Gaza's inhabitants, Israel remains an occupying power under international humanitarian law, despite withdrawing its military forces and settlements from the territory in 2005.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Israel%27s+%27Open-Air+Prison%27+at+15&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F06%2F14%2Fgaza-israels-open-air-prison-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm">"Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm">Archived</a> 2008-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Human Rights Watch. 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Retrieved 2024-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+world+court+says+Israel%27s+occupation+is+illegal&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2024%2F07%2F19%2Fthe-world-court-says-israels-occupation-is-illegal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> "Place of customary international law", pp. 5–6 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=1290714">International Law in Domestic Courts: Israel, by Dr. David Kretzmer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425093050/https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1290714">Archived</a> 2023-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and Chapter 2 "Application of International Law", in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Thjg-0dut0C">The Occupation of Justice</a>, by David Kretzmer </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_110-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/81/690/000/z01/81000690.z01.pdf">International Law – Administered Territories – Rights and Duties of Occupying Power – Registration and Taxation – Articles 43 and 49 of the Hague Regulations, 1907</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113021733/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/81/690/000/z01/81000690.z01.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Volume 9, 1979, p. 349 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images/iht_daily/D010704/hcfen0604.rtf">2004 Israeli Supreme Court ruling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121104639/http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images/iht_daily/D010704/hcfen0604.rtf">Archived</a> 2008-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (RTF format) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/hdoc/High_Court_Fence.htm">2005 Israeli Supreme Court ruling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051224134212/http://www.zionism-israel.com/hdoc/High_Court_Fence.htm">Archived</a> 2005-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Zionism-israel.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">HCJ 7957/04 Mara'abe v. The Prime Minister of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20051028233445/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">Archived</a> 2005-10-28 at <a href="/wiki/Archive-It" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005170149/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/211ae4cc9a841da3852570440073215b%21OpenDocument">"Chronological Review of Events/June 2005"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/211ae4cc9a841da3852570440073215b%21OpenDocument">the original</a> on October 5, 2008. Retrieved 2006-09-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronological+Review+of+Events%2FJune+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959%2F211ae4cc9a841da3852570440073215b%2521OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988">. United Nations. June 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622212939/http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/cgi-bin/browse.py?sectionname=laws&action=view&item=1">"Israeli Military Orders List"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/cgi-bin/browse.py?sectionname=laws&action=view&item=1">the original</a> on June 22, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+Military+Orders+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israellawresourcecenter.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbrowse.py%3Fsectionname%3Dlaws%26action%3Dview%26item%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988">. p. 1. israellawresourcecenter.org </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622213011/http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/cgi-bin/browse.py?sectionname=laws&action=view&item=101">"Israeli Military Orders List"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/cgi-bin/browse.py?sectionname=laws&action=view&item=101">the original</a> on June 22, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+Military+Orders+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israellawresourcecenter.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbrowse.py%3Fsectionname%3Dlaws%26action%3Dview%26item%3D101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988">. p. 3. israellawresourcecenter.org </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Yehuda Z. Blum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/israel3&div=26&id=&page=">"The Missing Reversioner: Reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria"</a>, Israel L. 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Retrieved 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Geneva+Convention&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F1682640.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael:_Supreme_Court" class="citation web cs1">Israel: Supreme Court. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4374ac594.html">"Beit Sourik Village Council v. The Government of Israel"</a>. UNHCR. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014173236/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4374ac594.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beit+Sourik+Village+Council+v.+The+Government+of+Israel&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft.au=Israel%3A+Supreme+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F4374ac594.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Operation_Gaza_factual_and_legal_aspects_applicable_legal_framework_5_Aug_2009.htm">See Operation Gaza: factual and legal aspects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927222528/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Operation_Gaza_factual_and_legal_aspects_applicable_legal_framework_5_Aug_2009.htm">Archived</a> 2009-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold_on_Disputed_Territories-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_on_Disputed_Territories_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_on_Disputed_Territories_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2002" class="citation web cs1">Gold, Dore (16 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709034305/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">"From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories"</a>. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (Israeli Security, Regional Diplomacy, and International Law). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">the original</a> on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+%22Occupied+Territories%22+to+%22Disputed+Territories&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs+%28Israeli+Security%2C+Regional+Diplomacy%2C+and+International+Law%29&rft.date=2002-01-16&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Dore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2Fjl%2Fvp470.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Gorenberg, Gershom, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977, Macmillan, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7564-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7564-9">978-0-8050-7564-9</a> p. 99 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> See Israeli State Archives 153.8/7920/7A, Document 60, dated October 15, 1968, cited on page 173 of Gorenberg's The Accidental Empire </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> See Yoram Dinstein, 'The International Law of Belligerent Occupation and Human Rights', 8 Israeli Yearbook on Human Rights 104, 107 (1978) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=690">Public activities section of Ezer Weizman's Knesset profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419222005/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=690">Archived</a> 2023-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nkusa.org/AboutUs/Zionism/judaism_isnot_zionism.cfm">the original</a> on 2007-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judaism+is+not+Zionism&rft.pub=Neturei+Karta+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkusa.org%2FAboutUs%2FZionism%2Fjudaism_isnot_zionism.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmep.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/12.1.pdf">"Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: Declaration"</a> (PDF). hosted by Foundation for Middle East Peace. 1949. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114184004/https://fmep.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/12.1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conference+of+High+Contracting+Parties+to+the+Fourth+Geneva+Convention%3A+Declaration&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=hosted+by+Foundation+for+Middle+East+Peace&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffmep.org%2Fwp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2F12.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList247/D86C9E662022D64E41256C6800366D55#2">"Annexe 2—Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: statement by the International Committee of the Red Cross"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928224952/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList247/D86C9E662022D64E41256C6800366D55#2">Archived</a> 2006-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ICRC website. Retrieved October 5, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_497" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 497">UN Security Council Resolution 497</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/SC497.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628014046/https://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/SC497.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRory_McCarthy2009" class="citation web cs1">Rory McCarthy (2009-03-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/07/israel-palestine-eu-report-jerusalem">"Israel annexing East Jerusalem, says EU"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628154149/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/07/israel-palestine-eu-report-jerusalem">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-28. Retrieved 2009-03-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+annexing+East+Jerusalem%2C+says+EU&rft.date=2009-03-07&rft.au=Rory+McCarthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fmar%2F07%2Fisrael-palestine-eu-report-jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" class="extiw" title="s:United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">s:United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-kbl-138"><a href="#cite_ref-kbl_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm">"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (Unofficial translation) Passed by the Knesset on the 17th Av, 5740 (30th July, 1980) and published in Sefer Ha-Chukkim No. 980 of the 23rd Av, 5740 (5th August, 1980)"</a>. Knesset. 2008-08-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144734/http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/basic10_eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2015-02-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Law%3A+Jerusalem%2C+Capital+of+Israel+%28Unofficial+translation%29+Passed+by+the+Knesset+on+the+17th+Av%2C+5740+%2830th+July%2C+1980%29+and+published+in+Sefer+Ha-Chukkim+No.+980+of+the+23rd+Av%2C+5740+%285th+August%2C+1980%29&rft.pub=Knesset&rft.date=2008-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Flaws%2Fspecial%2Feng%2Fbasic10_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandoz1998" class="citation web cs1">Sandoz, Yves (1998-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/about-the-icrc-311298.htm">"The International Committee of the Red Cross as guardian of international humanitarian law"</a>. ICRC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223145011/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/about-the-icrc-311298.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 26 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Committee+of+the+Red+Cross+as+guardian+of+international+humanitarian+law&rft.pub=ICRC&rft.date=1998-12-31&rft.aulast=Sandoz&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Feng%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2Fmisc%2Fabout-the-icrc-311298.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120925191640/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/11838;jsessionid=BDA36D4EF581DFDDEBE96B33A6C965E2">"Press Release-US Response to ICRC Statement on Illegal Israeli Settlements"</a>. UN Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/11838;jsessionid=BDA36D4EF581DFDDEBE96B33A6C965E2">the original</a> on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release-US+Response+to+ICRC+Statement+on+Illegal+Israeli+Settlements&rft.pub=UN+Permanent+Observer+Mission+of+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fwcm%2Fcontent%2Fsite%2Fpalestine%2Fcache%2Foffonce%2Fpid%2F11838%3Bjsessionid%3DBDA36D4EF581DFDDEBE96B33A6C965E2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=nus&case=70&k=66">Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201021/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=nus&case=70&k=66">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/icty/legaldoc-e/basic/statut/s25704.htm">the report made by the Secretary General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811133958/http://www.un.org/icty/legaldoc-e/basic/statut/s25704.htm">Archived</a> 2009-08-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-icj-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icj_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-icj_143-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&code=mwp&case=131&k=5a">"Legal Consequence of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430104232/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=4&code=mwp&case=131&k=5a">Archived</a> 2008-04-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Icj-cij.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1579.pdf">'Letter dated 29 January 2004 from the Deputy Director General and Legal Advisor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, together with the Written Statement of the Government of Israel'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305232558/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1579.pdf">Archived</a> 5 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-01-15. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilde2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wilde, Ralph (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/pyio/22/1/article-p1_2.xml">"Using the Master's Tools to Dismantle the Master's House: International Law and Palestinian Liberation"</a>. The Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online. 22 (1): 26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22116141_022010_002">10.1163/22116141_022010_002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1386-1972">1386-1972</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245698763">245698763</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610074107/https://brill.com/view/journals/pyio/22/1/article-p1_2.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2022-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palestine+Yearbook+of+International+Law+Online&rft.atitle=Using+the+Master%27s+Tools+to+Dismantle+the+Master%27s+House%3A+International+Law+and+Palestinian+Liberation&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245698763%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1386-1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22116141_022010_002&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fpyio%2F22%2F1%2Farticle-p1_2.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynk2017" class="citation web cs1">Lynk, S.Michael (23 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/PS/A_72_43106.docx">"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130085546/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/PS/A_72_43106.docx">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Special+Rapporteur+on+the+situation+of+human+rights+in+the+Palestinian+territories+occupied+since+1967&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.aulast=Lynk&rft.aufirst=S.Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FCountries%2FPS%2FA_72_43106.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImseis2020" class="citation journal cs1">Imseis, Ardi (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/31/3/1055/5903619">"Negotiating the Illegal: On the United Nations and the Illegal Occupation of Palestine, 1967–2020"</a>. European Journal of International Law. 31 (3): 1072–1073, 1085. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fejil%2Fchaa055">10.1093/ejil/chaa055</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0938-5428">0938-5428</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116140923/https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/31/3/1055/5903619">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-16. Retrieved 2022-03-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Negotiating+the+Illegal%3A+On+the+United+Nations+and+the+Illegal+Occupation+of+Palestine%2C+1967%E2%80%932020&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1072-%3C%2Fspan%3E1073%2C+1085&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fejil%2Fchaa055&rft.issn=0938-5428&rft.aulast=Imseis&rft.aufirst=Ardi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fejil%2Farticle%2F31%2F3%2F1055%2F5903619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu-Lughod1982" class="citation journal cs1">Abu-Lughod, Janet (1982). "Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony". Journal of Palestine Studies. 11 (2). University of California Press: 16–54 [17]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.1982.11.2.00p0373x">10.1525/jps.1982.11.2.00p0373x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536268">2536268</a>. <q>annexations, expulsions and the creation of settlements are specifically prohibited by international law. The Fourth Geneva Convention, in Article 47, proscribes the annexation of occupied territory, and the United Nations has repeatedly condemned Israel's precipitous annexation of East Jerusalem and a wide belt of surrounding suburbs, villages and towns. Article 49 of the same convention prohibits the forcible transfer or deportation of residents from an occupied area, regardless of motive. And yet thousands of Palestinians have been expelled (see Lesch, 1979: 113–130, for a partial list of the "officially deported" ones) while many more have been, through measures to be described below, "pressured" to leave. The same Article expressly forbids the transfer by an occupying power of any of its civilian population into occupied areas. And yet, at most recent count, over 90,000 Israeli Jews have been officially "settled" within the illegally annexed Jerusalem district, and more than 30,000 others have been "settled" in some 100 nahals (military forts), villages and even towns that the Israeli government has authorized, planned, financed and built in unannexed zones beyond the 1949 cease-fire line that Israelis refer to not as a border, but euphemistically as a "green line."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Israeli+Settlements+in+Occupied+Arab+Lands%3A+Conquest+to+Colony&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16-54+17&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.1982.11.2.00p0373x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536268%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Abu-Lughod&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Falk" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Falk">Falk, Richard</a> (2000). "International Law and the al-Aqsa Intifada". Middle East Report (217). Middle East Research and Information Project: 16–18 [17]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1520166">10.2307/1520166</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1520166">1520166</a>. <q>Article 49 has been interpreted as prohibiting both forced deportations of Palestinians and population transfers of the sort associated with the establishment and continuous expansion of Israeli settlements</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=International+Law+and+the+al-Aqsa+Intifada&rft.issue=217&rft.pages=16-18+17&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1520166&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1520166%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Roberts, Adam</a> (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967". The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1). American Society of International Law: 44–103 [85]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2203016">10.2307/2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2203016">2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145514740">145514740</a>. <q>The settlements program is quite simply contrary to international law. However, it is now so far advanced, and so plainly in violation of the Geneva Convention, that it actually creates a powerful reason for Israel's continuing refusal to accept that the Convention is applicable in the occupied territories on a de jure basis</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Prolonged+Military+Occupation%3A+The+Israeli-Occupied+Territories+Since+1967&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-103+85&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145514740%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2203016%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2203016&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Gerald M Adler <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalonline.co.uk/Magazine/54-10/1007008.aspx">Preserving a legal inheritance: settlement rights in the "Occupied Palestinian Territories"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+top+court+says+Israeli+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories+is+illegal&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Raffi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcjerjzxlpvdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2024" class="citation news cs1">Siddique, Haroon (July 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/19/israels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds">"UN court orders Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+court+orders+Israel+to+end+its+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjul%2F19%2Fisraels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrahimMcCluskey2024" class="citation news cs1">Ebrahim, Nadeen; McCluskey, Mitchell (July 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnn.com/2024/07/19/middleeast/israel-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl">"Top UN court says Israeli occupation of West Bank and East Jerusalem is illegal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722135347/https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/19/middleeast/israel-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Top+UN+court+says+Israeli+occupation+of+West+Bank+and+East+Jerusalem+is+illegal&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Ebrahim&rft.aufirst=Nadeen&rft.au=McCluskey%2C+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnn.com%2F2024%2F07%2F19%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/palestinians-hail-icj-ruling-condemnation-in-israel-7f58dabe">"Palestinians Hail ICJ Ruling, Condemnation In Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723155017/https://www.barrons.com/news/palestinians-hail-icj-ruling-condemnation-in-israel-7f58dabe">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Palestinians+Hail+ICJ+Ruling%2C+Condemnation+In+Israel&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinians-hail-icj-ruling-condemnation-in-israel-7f58dabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli-occupied+territories" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/186/186-20240719-adv-01-00-en.pdf">Legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem</a>, advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, 19 July 2024</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">"From 'Occupied Territories' to 'Disputed Territories'" by Dore Gold</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709034305/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp470.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041201112441/http://www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/occupied_water.html">"Israeli Water Interests in the Occupied Territories"</a>, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php">"Security for Peace: Israel's Minimal Security Requirements in Negotiations with the Palestinians"</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051030081118/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php">Archived</a> 2005-10-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), by Ze'ev Schiff, 1989. Retrieved October 8, 2005.</li> <li>Howell, Mark (2007). What Did We Do to Deserve This? Palestinian Life Under Occupation in the West Bank, Garnet Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85964-195-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85964-195-8">978-1-85964-195-8</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/menaregion/pages/psindex.aspx">Occupied Palestinian Territory</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> (OHCHR)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img 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class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="الأراضي التي تحتلها إسرائيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأراضي التي تحتلها إسرائيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="ইজৰাইলৰ দখলকৃত অঞ্চলসমূহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইজৰাইলৰ দখলকৃত অঞ্চলসমূহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srailin_i%C5%9F%C4%9Fal_etdiyi_%C9%99razil%C9%99r" title="İsrailin işğal etdiyi ərazilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsrailin işğal etdiyi ərazilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="ইসরায়েল-দখলকৃত অঞ্চলসমূহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসরায়েল-দখলকৃত অঞ্চলসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Azem%C3%AD_okupovan%C3%A1_Izraelem" title="Území okupovaná Izraelem – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Území okupovaná Izraelem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelisch_besetzte_Gebiete" title="Israelisch besetzte Gebiete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Israelisch besetzte Gebiete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorios_ocupados_por_Israel" title="Territorios ocupados por Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Territorios ocupados por Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-okupaciataj_teritorioj" title="Israel-okupaciataj teritorioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Israel-okupaciataj teritorioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سرزمین‌های اشغال‌شده توسط اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرزمین‌های اشغال‌شده توسط اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoires_occup%C3%A9s_par_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Territoires occupés par Israël – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Territoires occupés par Israël" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%90%EB%A0%B9%EC%A7%80" title="이스라엘의 점령지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘의 점령지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_pendudukan_Israel" title="Wilayah pendudukan Israel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah pendudukan Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territori_occupati_da_Israele" title="Territori occupati da Israele – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Territori occupati da Israele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="הכיבוש הישראלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכיבוש הישראלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelio_okupuotos_teritorijos" title="Izraelio okupuotos teritorijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izraelio okupuotos teritorijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_pendudukan_Israel" title="Wilayah pendudukan Israel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilayah pendudukan Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door_Isra%C3%ABl_bezette_gebieden" title="Door Israël bezette gebieden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Door Israël bezette gebieden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israels_okkuperte_omr%C3%A5der" title="Israels okkuperte områder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Israels okkuperte områder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B6%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اسرائیلی مقبوضہ علاقہ جات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسرائیلی مقبوضہ علاقہ جات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rios_ocupados_por_Israel" title="Territórios ocupados por Israel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Territórios ocupados por Israel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Israeli-occupied territories" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozemlja_pod_okupacijo_Izraela" title="Ozemlja pod okupacijo Izraela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ozemlja pod okupacijo Izraela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_teritoryong_sinasakop_ng_Israel" title="Mga teritoryong sinasakop ng Israel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga teritoryong sinasakop ng Israel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97,_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Території, окуповані Ізраїлем – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Території, окуповані Ізраїлем" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B6%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اسرائیلی مقبوضہ علاقہ جات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسرائیلی مقبوضہ علاقہ جات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="以色列佔領地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列佔領地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" 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