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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unbalanced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unbalanced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">unbalanced</a> toward certain viewpoints</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Talk:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism" title="Category:Antisemitism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Koreans in Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshin_Education_Incident" title="Hanshin Education Incident">Hanshin Education Incident</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsen-seki" title="Chōsen-seki">Chōsen-seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korean nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_permanent_resident_(Japan)" title="Special permanent resident (Japan)">Special permanent resident (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainichi_Korean_language" title="Zainichi Korean language">Zainichi Korean language</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Enclaves</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikuno_Korea_Town" title="Ikuno Korea Town">Ikuno Korea Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckubo,_Tokyo" title="Ōkubo, Tokyo">Ōkubo, Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utoro,_Uji" title="Utoro, Uji">Utoro, Uji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindan" title="Mindan">Mindan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_History_Museum_of_J-Koreans" title="The History Museum of J-Koreans">The History Museum of J-Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongryon" title="Chongryon">Chongryon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsen_gakk%C5%8D" title="Chōsen gakkō">Chōsen gakkō</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choson_Sinbo" title="Choson Sinbo">Choson Sinbo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Christian_Church_in_Japan" title="Korean Christian Church in Japan">Korean Christian Church in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo_Museum_of_Art" title="Koryo Museum of Art">Koryo Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Koreans_in_Japan_official_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="United Koreans in Japan official football team">United Koreans in Japan official football team</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">In media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_musicians_in_Japan" title="Korean musicians in Japan">Korean musicians in Japan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachinko_(novel)" title="Pachinko (novel)">Pachinko</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pachinko_(TV_series)" title="Pachinko (TV series)">TV series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainichi_cinema" title="Zainichi cinema">Zainichi cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;">Discrimination</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Massacre" title="Kantō Massacre">Kantō Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Sakurai" title="Makoto Sakurai">Makoto Sakurai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manga_Kenkanryu" title="Manga Kenkanryu">Manga Kenkanryu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaitokukai" title="Zaitokukai">Zaitokukai</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Category:Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Koreans_in_Japan" title="Template:Koreans in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Koreans_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Koreans in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Koreans_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Koreans in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan</b> refers to opposition, hostility, hatred, distrust, fear, and general dislike of <a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">Korean people</a> or culture in Japan. <a href="/wiki/Japan-Korea_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-Korea relations">Relations between Japan and Korea</a> can date back to nearly two millennia, mostly defined through cultural exchanges and diplomatic trade. However, major events involving <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">military aggression</a> and political disputes play a key factor in harboring negative sentiment.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the current <a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">anti-Korean sentiment</a> stems from <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> politicians and <a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">far-right groups</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_era">Ancient era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relations between ancient Japan and Korea date back to at least the 4th century, according to historical records of ancient China, Japan, and Korea. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sui" title="Book of Sui">Book of Sui</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> greatly valued relations with the Kofun-period <a href="/wiki/Wa_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wa (Japan)">Wa</a> and the Korean kingdoms made diplomatic efforts to maintain their good standing with the Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-sui_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sui-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Samguk_sagi" title="Samguk sagi">Samguk sagi</a></i> (<i>Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms</i>) reported that Baekje and Silla sent their princes as <a href="/wiki/Hostage#Historical_hostage_practices" title="Hostage">hostages</a> to the Yamato court in exchange for military support to continue their military campaigns; King <a href="/wiki/Asin_of_Baekje" title="Asin of Baekje">Asin of Baekje</a> sent his son (<a href="/wiki/Jeonji_of_Baekje" title="Jeonji of Baekje">Jeonji</a>) in 397,<sup id="cite_ref-shiragi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shiragi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and King <a href="/wiki/Silseong_of_Silla" title="Silseong of Silla">Silseong of Silla</a> sent his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misaheun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misaheun (page does not exist)">Misaheun</a> in 402.<sup id="cite_ref-kudara_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kudara-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hogong" title="Hogong">Hogong</a>, from Japan, helped to found Silla.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i>, Silla was invaded by an army from Wa (Japan) in the third century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Korea, inscriptions on the <a href="/wiki/Gwanggaeto_Stele" title="Gwanggaeto Stele">Gwanggaeto Stele</a> state that the king of Goguryeo assisted Silla when it was invaded by the Wa, and punished Baekje for allying with the Wa. The stela also records Wa excursions in the early 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests" title="Mongol invasions and conquests">Mongol conquests</a> of the 13th and 14th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo dynasty of Korea</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">vassal state</a>. Under Mongolian influence, Korean envoys were sent to Japan to declare submission to the Mongols, only to be rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-jk051022_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jk051022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the emperor Kublai Khan launched <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">two separate invasions in 1274 and 1281</a>. Although both attempts to conquer Japan failed, anti-Korean sentiment had risen, due to major involvements of Korean troops participating in the invasion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">Wokou</a> pirate raids on Korean soil were frequent, which would eventually form the basis of hatred between the two sides. Ultimately in 1592, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> armies invaded Korea on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Imjin Wars</a> continued until 1598, when the Japanese left, and took with them a number of Korea craftsmen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="19th-20th_century">19th-20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 19th-20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Massacre" title="Kantō Massacre">Kantō Massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> of the late 19th century, Japan underwent <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernization</a> and took opportunities to exploit from China, who was unable to defend itself from Western forces. Because Korea acted as part of China's tributary state, Japan want to exert further influence by presenting Korea with the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1876" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876">Treaty of Gangwha</a>, forcing Korea to provide extraterritorial rights to Japanese citizens in the country, open three ports—Busan, Incheon, and Wonsan—to Japanese and foreign trade, and establish its independence from China in foreign relations. For the next couple of decades, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> would forcefully remove any foreign influence on Korea to finally <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">annexing the country</a> in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-AnnexTreaty_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnexTreaty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan maintained control of Korea until the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg/250px-1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg/375px-1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg/500px-1923_Kanto_Massacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Koreans in Japan about to be stabbed by Japanese vigilantes with bamboo spears immediately after the <a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō earthquake</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Massacre" title="Kantō Massacre">Kantō Massacre</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō earthquake</a>, widespread damage occurred in a region with a significant Korean population, and much of the local Japanese overreacted to rumors which spread after the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the aftermath of the event, there was a common perception amongst some groups of Japanese that ethnic Koreans were <a href="/wiki/Well_poisoning" title="Well poisoning">poisoning wells</a>, eventually setting off a set of killings against Koreans, where Japanese would use the <a href="/wiki/Shibboleth" title="Shibboleth">shibboleth</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_shibboleths#Japanese–Korean" title="List of shibboleths">ba bi bu be bo</a></i> (ばびぶべぼ) to distinguish ethnic Koreans from Japanese, as it was assumed that Koreans would be unable to pronounce the line correctly, and instead pronounce them as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[pa,<span class="wrap"> </span>pi,<span class="wrap"> </span>pu,<span class="wrap"> </span>pe,<span class="wrap"> </span>po]</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All people who failed the test were killed,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which caused many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">ethnic Chinese</a>, also unable to correctly pronounce the shibboleth, to be indiscriminately killed in large numbers. Other shibboleths used were "<i>jū-go-en, go-jū-ssen</i>"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">15円 50銭</span></span>, 15 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a>, 50 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese sen">sen</a>)</span> and "<i>gagigugego</i>" (がぎぐげご), where Japanese people pronounce initial <i>g</i> as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> and medial <i>g</i> as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> (such a distinction is dying out in recent years), whereas Koreans pronounce the two sounds as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> respectively.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-WWII_history">Post-WWII history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-WWII history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg/220px-Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg/330px-Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg/440px-Right_wing_criticizing_South_Korea_February_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Right wing demonstration criticizing South Korea over the <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</a> in February 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 2014, several anti-Korean stickers were found posted at 13 locations along the <a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage" title="Shikoku Pilgrimage">Shikoku Pilgrimage</a> route; the stickers were denounced by a spokesman from the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage Association.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, a Japanese man set fire to an empty house in a Korean village in <a href="/wiki/Utoro_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Utoro district">Utoro district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uji" title="Uji">Uji</a>. The fire spread to other properties and damaged them. He attributed his actions to his hatred of Korean people, which was in part sparked by online rhetoric. He was sentenced to four years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also much concern in Japan regarding <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and its nuclear and long-range missile <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">capabilities</a>, as a result of missile tests in <a href="/wiki/1993_North_Korean_missile_test" title="1993 North Korean missile test">1993</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_North_Korean_missile_test" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 North Korean missile test">1998</a> and <a href="/wiki/2006_North_Korean_missile_test" title="2006 North Korean missile test">2006</a> and an <a href="/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test" title="2006 North Korean nuclear test">underground nuclear test</a> in 2006. There are also controversies regarding <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_abductions_of_Japanese" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean abductions of Japanese">North Korean abductions of Japanese</a>, where Japanese citizens were abducted by North Korean agents during the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chongryon" title="Chongryon">Chongryon</a>, the North Korea-affiliated organization for ethnic Koreans in Japan, has continually drawn controversy from the Japanese public.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba,_Tokyo._2011-08-07_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg/220px-Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg/330px-Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg/440px-Anti-Korean_Wave_Protest_against_Fuji_Television_in_Odaiba%2C_Tokyo._2011-08-07_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>"Anti-<a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a>" protest against <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">Fuji Television</a>'s broadcasting of Korean media in Odaiba, Tokyo, 2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuji_TV_protest_demonstration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuji TV protest demonstration (page does not exist)">Fuji TV protest demonstration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:フジテレビ抗議デモ">ja</a>]</span>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the anti-Korean sentiment present today however deals with contemporary attitudes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a>, Japanese and Korean supporters clashed with one another. Both sides were also known to post racist messages against each other on online bulletins. There were also <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_hosting_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 FIFA World Cup hosting controversy">disputes</a> regarding how the event was to be hosted, as a result of the rivalry between the two nations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a>, or the exportation of South Korean pop culture, has created some negative feelings among pockets of Japanese society. Many Japanese citizens with conservative views and some <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">nationalist groups</a> have organized anti-Korean Wave demonstrations via <a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a>. On 9 August 2011, more than 2,000 protesters demonstrated in front of <a href="/wiki/Fuji_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuji TV">Fuji TV</a>'s headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Odaiba" title="Odaiba">Odaiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> against the broadcasting of <a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean dramas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, in July 2011, Japanese former actor <a href="/wiki/Sousuke_Takaoka" title="Sousuke Takaoka">Sousuke Takaoka</a> was fired from his agency, <a href="/wiki/Stardust_Promotion" title="Stardust Promotion">Stardust Promotion</a>, for tweeting criticisms against the influx of Korean dramas.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general perception of Koreans on 2channel is negative, with users depicting them as a violent, unethical, and irrational people who are a 'threat' to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users often reference stereotypes of Koreans, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dog_meat_consumption_in_South_Korea" title="Dog meat consumption in South Korea">use of dogs in Korean cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace" title="United States Institute of Peace">United States Institute of Peace</a> analyzed that the dispute between Japan-South Korea dispute from anti-Korean <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>. According to their analysis, Japan's repeated historical negativism, territorial disputes, and failure of diplomatic agreements are also manifestations of anti-Korean xenophobia. Many Japanese people perceive Koreans to be inferior and untrustworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kenkan_books"><i>Kenkan</i> books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kenkan books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japanese <a href="/wiki/Bookstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookstore">bookstores</a>, <i><b>Kenkan</b></i> (嫌韓, "Hatred for [South] Koreans") books are placed separately, and <i>Kenkan</i> is recognized as a book genre. On the other hand, there are no <i><b>Hyomil</b></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">혐일</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">嫌日</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Hatred for Japanese) books in South Korean bookstores.<sup id="cite_ref-정치평론가_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-정치평론가-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Korean media point out that Japan's "Hate of [South] Korean" cannot be identified with South Korea's "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">anti-Japan</a>" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">반일</span></span>). In South Korea, "anti-Japan" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">반일</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">反日</span></span>) are distinguished from "Hate of Japanese" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">혐일</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">嫌日</span></span>); "Anti-Japan" ostracizes Japan in an anti-imperialistic, and "Hate of Japanese" ostracizes Japan in all contexts, including nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in Japan, "anti-[South] Korea" (反韓) and "Hate of [South] Korean" (嫌韓) are not strictly distinguished. There is <i>Kenkan</i> racist hate groups (ex. <i><a href="/wiki/Zaitokukai" title="Zaitokukai">Zaitokukai</a></i> and other <i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i>) in Japan, but there is no <i>Hyomil</i> racist hate groups in South Korea. Therefore, the South Korean media opposes the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a>'s comparison of South Korea's "反日" and Japan's "嫌韓" on the same line.<sup id="cite_ref-정치평론가_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-정치평론가-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Manga_Kenkanryu" title="Manga Kenkanryu">Manga Kenkanryu</a></i> (often referred to as "Hating the Korean Wave <i><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></i>") by Sharin Yamano discusses these issues while making many other arguments and claims against Korea.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Territorial_dispute">Territorial dispute</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Territorial dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Liancourt Rocks dispute</a></div> <p>The territorial dispute over <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks" title="Liancourt Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</a> also fuels outrage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019–2020_Japan–South_Korea_trade_dispute"><span id="2019.E2.80.932020_Japan.E2.80.93South_Korea_trade_dispute"></span>2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trade_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute">2019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_revisionism">Historical revisionism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical revisionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Korean media have accused Japanese people of continuing to support historical revisionism against Korean victims, apologizing for Chinese victims in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> issue of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a>. This is also related to the fact that <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a> have racial privileges over <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a>, and the difference in national power between <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comfort_women_issue">Comfort women issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comfort women issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comfort_woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Comfort woman">Comfort woman</a></div> <p>Except for some left-wing socialist political parties (mainly <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a>), major Japanese politicians and political parties often have historical revisionist perceptions of the <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a> issue. <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> has called on the German government to remove the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Peace" title="Statue of Peace">Statue of Peace</a> in Berlin, as it has caused considerable controversy in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The liberal <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan">Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan</a>, as well as the conservative <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a>, have also called on the South Korean government to remove the Statue of Peace,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with even suggesting that there was no evidence to indicate that Japanese authorities coerced Korean women into sexual slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_textbook_revisionism">Japanese textbook revisionism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese textbook revisionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></div> <p>On June 26, 1982, the textbook screening process in Japan came under scrutiny when the media of Japan and its neighboring countries gave extensive coverage to changes required by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)">Minister of Education</a>. Experts from the ministry sought to soften textbook references to Japanese aggression before and during World War II. The Japanese invasion of China in 1937, for example, was modified to "advance". Passages describing the fall of Nanking justified the Japanese atrocities by describing the acts as a result of Chinese provocations. Pressure from China successfully led the Ministry of Education to adopt a new authorization criterion - the "Neighboring Country Clause" (近隣諸国条項) - stating: "textbooks ought to show understanding and seek international harmony in their treatment of modern and contemporary historical events involving neighboring Asian countries."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Japanese textbooks stated that the <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks" title="Liancourt Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</a> is Japanese territory. This island is <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">disputed territory</a> claimed by both Japan and South Korea. The head of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Education_and_Human_Resource_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development (page does not exist)">South Korean Ministry of Education</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Shin-il&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Shin-il (page does not exist)">Kim Shin-il</a>, sent a letter of protest to <a href="/wiki/Bunmei_Ibuki" title="Bunmei Ibuki">Bunmei Ibuki</a>, the Minister of Education, on May 9, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a speech marking the 88th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Roh_Moo-hyun" title="Roh Moo-hyun">Roh Moo-hyun</a> called for Japan to correct their school textbooks on controversial topics ranging from "inhumane rape of <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a>" to "the Korean ownership of the <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks" title="Liancourt Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hankyoreh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankyoreh">Hankyoreh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">liberal</a> newspaper in South Korea, denounced right-wing nationalism led by <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a> as "anti-Korean nationalism", in its English column.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were suspicions that Shinzo Abe provided support to anti-Korean<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moritomo_Gakuen" title="Moritomo Gakuen">ultra-nationalist kindergartens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost all major <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_media" class="mw-redirect" title="South Korean media">South Korean media</a> outlets point out that the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a> and its politicians express <a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">anti-Korean sentiment</a>, and that the party's main support base is "Hatred for [South] Koreans".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some right-wing groups in Japan today have targeted ethnic Koreans living within Japan. One such group, known as <a href="/wiki/Zaitokukai" title="Zaitokukai">Zaitokukai</a>, is organized by members on the internet, and has led street demonstrations against Korean schools.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 27, 2010, on the centennial of <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Annexation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty">Japan–Korean annexation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukio_Edano" title="Yukio Edano">Yukio Edano</a>, then Japanese Minister of State for Government Revitalization, stated that "The invasion and colonization and China and Korea was historically inevitable ... since China and Korea could not modernize themselves". Yukio Edano is known as a liberal politician in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-2010_Seoul_Shinmoon_article_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_Seoul_Shinmoon_article-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japan's former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> was also criticized by some experts for encouraging anti-Korean xenophobia in Japanese society,<sup id="cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-Korean-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many South Koreans perceiving Shinzo Abe as an extreme right-wing politician, far more than <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-Korean-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-문정인_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-문정인-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was often called "Trump before Trump" outside of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anti-Korean-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the South Korean media, most Japanese people and almost all major Japanese media criticize the view of South Korean politics for being biased and for portraying or loathing South Korean liberals in a negative way.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Korean media, even the <i><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Shimbun">Asahi Shimbun</a></i>, known in Japan as a Japanese liberal media outlet, reports on the South Korean liberal Moon Jae-in government using biased and insulting expressions.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-무기한_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-무기한-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Green_(political_expert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Green (political expert)">Michael J. Green</a> in January 2022, presidential candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2022_South_Korean_presidential_election" title="2022 South Korean presidential election">2022 South Korean presidential election</a> are willing to improve relations with Japan, but Japanese political leaders have analyzed that they are not.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations" title="History of Japan–Korea relations">History of Japan–Korea relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes" title="Japan–Korea disputes">Japan–Korea disputes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most South Korean liberals take the view that the Japanese government should provide proper individual compensation for the South Korean victims of Japanese war crimes. In contrast, many Japanese take the view that the compensation issue has already been closed due to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Basic_Relations_Between_Japan_and_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea">Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea</a>. This is an element of the Japan-Korea conflict.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Korean_sentiment_in_Japan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tong, Kurt W, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/16581">Anti-Korean sentiment in Japan and its effects on Korea-Japan trade</a>, Center for International Studies, MIT Japan Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sui-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sui_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chinese History Record <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sui" title="Book of Sui">Book of Sui</a>, Vol. 81, <i>Liezhuan</i> 46 : 隋書東夷伝第81巻列伝46 : 新羅、百濟皆以倭為大國，多珍物，並敬仰之，恆通使往來 "Silla and Baekje both take Wa to be a great country, with many rare and precious things; also [Silla and Baekje] respect and look up to them, and regularly send embassies there." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/suisu/sui_081.htm">[1]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041221184200/http://www.chinakyl.com/rbbook/big5/25/suishu/suis81.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinakyl.com/rbbook/big5/25/suishu/suis81.html">the original</a> on 2004-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinakyl.com%2Frbbook%2Fbig5%2F25%2Fsuishu%2Fsuis81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shiragi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shiragi_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korean History Record <a href="/wiki/Samguk_Sagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samguk Sagi">Samguk Sagi</a> : 三國史記新羅本紀 : 元年三月與倭國通好以奈勿王子未斯欣爲質 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.koreandb.net/Sam/bon/samkuk/04_030_2000277.htm">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kudara-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kudara_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korean History Record <a href="/wiki/Samguk_Sagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samguk Sagi">Samguk Sagi</a> : 三國史記百済本紀 : 六年夏五月王與倭國結好以太子腆支爲質秋七月大閱於漢水之南　<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512000405/http://www.koreandb.net/Sam/bon/samkuk/04_250_2001365.htm">"아신왕 - 삼국사기 백제본기- 디지털한국학"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreandb.net/Sam/bon/samkuk/04_250_2001365.htm">the original</a> on 2008-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%95%84%EC%8B%A0%EC%99%95+-+%EC%82%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%EA%B8%B0+%EB%B0%B1%EC%A0%9C%EB%B3%B8%EA%B8%B0-+%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%ED%95%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreandb.net%2FSam%2Fbon%2Fsamkuk%2F04_250_2001365.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korean History Record <a href="/wiki/Samguk_Sagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samguk Sagi">Samguk Sagi</a> :三國史記卷第一新羅本紀第一始祖赫居世, 瓠公者未詳其族姓本倭人</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakamoto (1967:336-340)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Mohan, Pankaj N (2004). 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Japan Knowledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=2098">the original</a> on 5 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Relations between Japan and Mongolia in the 13th century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Japan" title="National Archives of Japan">National Archives of Japan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.go.jp/about/activity/international/jp_mn50/english/ch01.html">the original</a> on 25 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+project+celebrating+the+50th+anniversary+of+Japan-Mongolia+diplomatic+relations.+Relations+between+Japan+and+Mongolia+in+the+13th+century&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.go.jp%2Fabout%2Factivity%2Finternational%2Fjp_mn50%2Fenglish%2Fch01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnnexTreaty-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnnexTreaty_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211234114/http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/documents/kore1910.htm">"Treaty of Annexation"</a>. <i>USC-UCLA Joint East Asian Studies Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/documents/kore1910.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USC-UCLA+Joint+East+Asian+Studies+Center&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Annexation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isop.ucla.edu%2Feas%2Fdocuments%2Fkore1910.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner1989" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Michael A. (1989). <i>The origins of the Korean community in Japan, 1910–1923</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">164–</span>188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2987-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2987-5"><bdi>978-0-7190-2987-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+Korean+community+in+Japan%2C+1910%E2%80%931923&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E164-%3C%2Fspan%3E188&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-2987-5&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCybriwsky1991" class="citation book cs1">Cybriwsky, Roman (1991). <i>Tokyo: The Changing Profile of an Urban Giant</i>. London: Belhaven Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85293-054-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85293-054-7"><bdi>978-1-85293-054-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tokyo%3A+The+Changing+Profile+of+an+Urban+Giant&rft.place=London&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Belhaven+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85293-054-7&rft.aulast=Cybriwsky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/national/anti-korean-stickers-posted-at-several-points-along-shikoku-pilgrimage-route">"Anti-Korean stickers posted at several points along Shikoku pilgrimage route"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Today" title="Japan Today">Japan Today</a></i>. April 11, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406132730/https://japantoday.com/category/national/anti-korean-stickers-posted-at-several-points-along-shikoku-pilgrimage-route?comment-order=popular">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=Anti-Korean+stickers+posted+at+several+points+along+Shikoku+pilgrimage+route&rft.date=2014-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnational%2Fanti-korean-stickers-posted-at-several-points-along-shikoku-pilgrimage-route&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/08/4df6329c8a45-man-given-4-years-in-prison-for-arson-in-korean-community.html">"Man given 4 years in prison for arson in Korean community in Kyoto"</a>. <i>Kyodo News+</i>. August 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyodo+News%2B&rft.atitle=Man+given+4+years+in+prison+for+arson+in+Korean+community+in+Kyoto&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.kyodonews.net%2Fnews%2F2022%2F08%2F4df6329c8a45-man-given-4-years-in-prison-for-arson-in-korean-community.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTokunaga2022" class="citation web cs1">Tokunaga, Takeshiro (August 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14706595">"Man gets 4 years in prison for arson in ethnic Korean district"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun" title="The Asahi Shimbun">The Asahi Shimbun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asahi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=Man+gets+4+years+in+prison+for+arson+in+ethnic+Korean+district&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft.aulast=Tokunaga&rft.aufirst=Takeshiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Fajw%2Farticles%2F14706595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/n_korea/abduction/index.html">"Abductions of Japanese Citizens by North Korea"</a>. <i>Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dong-a+Ilbo&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+alt-right+groups+hold+rallies+vs.+Korean+pop+culture&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.donga.com%2Fsrv%2Fservice.php3%3Fbicode%3D050000%26biid%3D2011080940068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912031206/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/09/2011080901004.html">"Hundreds of Japanese Protest Against Korean Wave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a></i>. 9 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/09/2011080901004.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+Japanese+Protest+Against+Korean+Wave&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2011%2F08%2F09%2F2011080901004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumi_Sakamoto2011" class="citation web cs1">Rumi Sakamoto (March 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/2011/9/10/Rumi-SAKAMOTO/3497/article.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Koreans, Go Home!' Internet Nationalism in Contemporary Japan as a Digitally Mediated Subculture"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal%3A+Japan+Focus&rft.atitle=%27Koreans%2C+Go+Home%21%27+Internet+Nationalism+in+Contemporary+Japan+as+a+Digitally+Mediated+Subculture&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft.au=Rumi+Sakamoto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2011%2F9%2F10%2FRumi-SAKAMOTO%2F3497%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMclelland2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mclelland, Mark (December 2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Race' on the Japanese internet: discussing Korea and Koreans on '2-channeru'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>New Media and Society</i>. <b>10</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">811–</span>829. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.691.4872">10.1.1.691.4872</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444808096246">10.1177/1461444808096246</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10037117">10037117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Media+and+Society&rft.atitle=%27Race%27+on+the+Japanese+internet%3A+discussing+Korea+and+Koreans+on+%272-channeru%27&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E811-%3C%2Fspan%3E829&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.691.4872%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10037117%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1461444808096246&rft.aulast=Mclelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/01/how-address-racism-heart-japan-south-korea-tensions">"How to Address the Racism at the Heart of Japan-South Korea Tensions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace" title="United States Institute of Peace">United States Institute of Peace</a>. 17 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>Anti-Korean racism is at the heart of historic and unresolved tensions between Japan and South Korea. It will be near impossible to resolve disputes like the comfort women issue without addressing this racism. This is because the difficulty in reaching a consensus on the Japanese side often derives from the underlying tendency among many Japanese to view Koreans as "inferior" and "untrustworthy." U.S. actors, including officials, businesses and academics, should understand the consequences of the important role they have played in perpetuating such prejudice and help right this wrong. ... We tend to think of Korean-Japanese tensions in terms of topic areas, such as Japan's recurring historical denialism, the territorial dispute and the failure of diplomatic arrangements. But these tensions are largely manifestations of racism, not the cause of it, and they will persist as long as racism itself remains unaddressed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+to+Address+the+Racism+at+the+Heart+of+Japan-South+Korea+Tensions&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fpublications%2F2023%2F01%2Fhow-address-racism-heart-japan-south-korea-tensions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-정치평론가-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-정치평론가_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-정치평론가_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/21749943">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"아니, 이게 없다니…" 한국 서점 둘러보고 깜짝 놀란 일본 정치평론가"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="중앙일보">중앙일보</a>. 2017-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%2C+%EC%9D%B4%EA%B2%8C+%EC%97%86%EB%8B%A4%EB%8B%88%E2%80%A6%22+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%84%9C%EC%A0%90+%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A0+%EA%B9%9C%EC%A7%9D+%EB%86%80%EB%9E%80+%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%ED%8F%89%EB%A1%A0%EA%B0%80&rft.pub=%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joongang.co.kr%2Farticle%2F21749943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=68251">"일본인 폭행·일본 차량 훼손 사건에 '혐일' 우려 목소리↑…"한국사회 전반적 분위기 아냐"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 투데이신문. 2019-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%B8+%ED%8F%AD%ED%96%89%C2%B7%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EC%B0%A8%EB%9F%89+%ED%9B%BC%EC%86%90+%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4%EC%97%90+%27%ED%98%90%EC%9D%BC%27+%EC%9A%B0%EB%A0%A4+%EB%AA%A9%EC%86%8C%EB%A6%AC%E2%86%91%E2%80%A6%22%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EC%A0%84%EB%B0%98%EC%A0%81+%EB%B6%84%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0+%EC%95%84%EB%83%90%22&rft.pub=%ED%88%AC%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8&rft.date=2019-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D68251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/japan/764637.html">"일본의 혐한, 한국의 반일"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="한겨레">한겨레</a>. 2016-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98+%ED%98%90%ED%95%9C%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%BC&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Finternational%2Fjapan%2F764637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20150724085300073">"중국 노동자 피해보상 미쓰비시, 한국 피해자는 외면하나"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="연합뉴스">연합뉴스</a>. 24 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD+%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90+%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4%EB%B3%B4%EC%83%81+%EB%AF%B8%EC%93%B0%EB%B9%84%EC%8B%9C%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4%EC%9E%90%EB%8A%94+%EC%99%B8%EB%A9%B4%ED%95%98%EB%82%98&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FAKR20150724085300073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khan.co.kr/politics/defense-diplomacy/article/202207231514001"><bdi lang="ko">일, 강제노역 사과 중국에만···반크 "사도광산 유네스코 등재 반대"</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kyunghyang_Shinmun" title="Kyunghyang Shinmun">Kyunghyang Shinmun</a></i> (in Korean). 23 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyunghyang+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%BC%2C+%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8%EC%97%AD+%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%BC+%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90%EB%A7%8C%C2%B7%C2%B7%C2%B7%EB%B0%98%ED%81%AC+%22%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84%EA%B4%91%EC%82%B0+%EC%9C%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94+%EB%93%B1%EC%9E%AC+%EB%B0%98%EB%8C%80%22&rft.date=2022-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.kr%2Fpolitics%2Fdefense-diplomacy%2Farticle%2F202207231514001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220511012752073">"기시다, 독일 총리에 소녀상 철거 요청…"반응 안 좋아"(종합2보)"</a> [Kishida called on the German Chancellor to remove the Statue of Peace... Kishida said, ""[German Chancellor] did not respond well."]. <i><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="연합뉴스">연합뉴스</a></i>. 11 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft.atitle=%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%9C%EB%8B%A4%2C+%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC+%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90+%EC%86%8C%EB%85%80%EC%83%81+%EC%B2%A0%EA%B1%B0+%EC%9A%94%EC%B2%AD%E2%80%A6%22%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91+%EC%95%88+%EC%A2%8B%EC%95%84%22%28%EC%A2%85%ED%95%A92%EB%B3%B4%29&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FAKR20220511012752073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.khan.co.kr/world/world-general/article/202205270813001/amp">"일본 극우, 도쿄에서 '위안부 피해자 모욕' 행사 개최 ... "짐승만도 못한 짓" 비판"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="경향신문">경향신문</a></i>. 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EA%B7%B9%EC%9A%B0%2C+%EB%8F%84%EC%BF%84%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%27%EC%9C%84%EC%95%88%EB%B6%80+%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4%EC%9E%90+%EB%AA%A8%EC%9A%95%27+%ED%96%89%EC%82%AC+%EA%B0%9C%EC%B5%9C+...+%22%EC%A7%90%EC%8A%B9%EB%A7%8C%EB%8F%84+%EB%AA%BB%ED%95%9C+%EC%A7%93%22+%EB%B9%84%ED%8C%90&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.khan.co.kr%2Fworld%2Fworld-general%2Farticle%2F202205270813001%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319134147/https://www.khan.co.kr/world/japan/article/202303172114025">"화이트리스트 복원도 적반하장…일본 "한국 자세에 달렸다"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kyunghyang_Shinmun" title="Kyunghyang Shinmun">Kyunghyang Shinmun</a></i> (in Korean). 17 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khan.co.kr/world/japan/article/202303172114025">the original</a> on 19 March 2023. <q>제1야당인 입헌민주당의 이즈미 겐타 대표는 이날 윤 대통령과 만나 한·일 갈등 현안인 '레이더-초계기' 문제와 소녀상 건립 문제를 언급했다고 밝혔다. 입헌민주당은 그동안 소녀상 철거를 요구해왔다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyunghyang+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8+%EB%B3%B5%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84+%EC%A0%81%EB%B0%98%ED%95%98%EC%9E%A5%E2%80%A6%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%22%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B8%EC%97%90+%EB%8B%AC%EB%A0%B8%EB%8B%A4%22&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.kr%2Fworld%2Fjapan%2Farticle%2F202303172114025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321105448/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/16/s-koreas-yoon-visits-japan-renew-ties-amid-n-korea-threat">"Yoon visits Japan, seeking to restore ties amid N Korea threat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a></i>. 16 March 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/16/s-koreas-yoon-visits-japan-renew-ties-amid-n-korea-threat">the original</a> on 21 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Yoon+visits+Japan%2C+seeking+to+restore+ties+amid+N+Korea+threat&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F16%2Fs-koreas-yoon-visits-japan-renew-ties-amid-n-korea-threat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murai Atsushi, "Abolish the Textbook Authorization System", <i>Japan Echo</i>, (Aug. 2001): 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200705/200705100005.html">"Ed. Minister Protests Distortions in Japanese Textbooks"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070513180039/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200705/200705100005.html">Archived</a> May 13, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chosun_Ilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosun Ilbo">Chosun Ilbo</a>, May 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200703/200703020014.html">"Roh Calls on Japan to Respect Historical Truth"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313210305/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200703/200703020014.html">Archived</a> March 13, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chosun_Ilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chosun Ilbo">Chosun Ilbo</a></i>, Mar.2, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/904580.html">"How Abe and the ruling class of Japan have stirred up anti-Korean nationalism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a></i>. 5 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hankyoreh&rft.atitle=How+Abe+and+the+ruling+class+of+Japan+have+stirred+up+anti-Korean+nationalism&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fenglish_edition%2Fenglish_editorials%2F904580.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBfyIQbxXPs&t=690s">"Vox - Inside North Korea's bubble in Japan (Timestamp 11:30)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 31 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Vox+-+Inside+North+Korea%27s+bubble+in+Japan+%28Timestamp+11%3A30%29&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DqBfyIQbxXPs%26t%3D690s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/newsletters/todaysheadlines/la-na-essential-washington-updates-201707-htmlstory.html">"Trump signs sanctions bill against Russia as relations worsen"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+sanctions+bill+against+Russia+as+relations+worsen&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnewsletters%2Ftodaysheadlines%2Fla-na-essential-washington-updates-201707-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0104_201907221625061260">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"일본 전철에 한글 표기는 낭비" 日 정치인 혐한 트윗"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YTN" title="YTN">YTN</a>. 22 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%A0%EC%97%90+%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%94+%EB%82%AD%EB%B9%84%22+%E6%97%A5+%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%9D%B8+%ED%98%90%ED%95%9C+%ED%8A%B8%EC%9C%97&rft.pub=YTN&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ytn.co.kr%2F_ln%2F0104_201907221625061260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/international/international_general/2021/02/16/TXOPOICLUVHDBGKGOZSR7H72LM/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"한국은 약속이라는 개념이 없다"… 日정부, 혐한 분위기 팽배"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="조선일보">조선일보</a>. 15 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%80+%EC%95%BD%EC%86%8D%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%8A%94+%EA%B0%9C%EB%85%90%EC%9D%B4+%EC%97%86%EB%8B%A4%22%E2%80%A6+%E6%97%A5%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%2C+%ED%98%90%ED%95%9C+%EB%B6%84%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0+%ED%8C%BD%EB%B0%B0&rft.pub=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Finternational%2Finternational_general%2F2021%2F02%2F16%2FTXOPOICLUVHDBGKGOZSR7H72LM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/1059831.html?_fr=gg#cb">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"일방적 구애" 대일 저자세 외교…과정도 결과도 부적절했다"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="한겨레">한겨레</a>. 23 September 2022. <q>기시다 총리로선 확실한 지지기반인 '반한·혐한' 세력의 반대를 무릅쓰고, 한-일 관계 개선을 위한 정상회담에 나설 국내 정치적 동기가 약하다는 뜻이다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%81+%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%A0%22+%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%BC+%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B8+%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%90%E2%80%A6%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%84+%EA%B2%B0%EA%B3%BC%EB%8F%84+%EB%B6%80%EC%A0%81%EC%A0%88%ED%96%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fpolitics%2Fdiplomacy%2F1059831.html%3F_fr%3Dgg%23cb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Fackler, August 28, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/world/asia/29japan.html?_r=2&src=me&ref=world">New Dissent in Japan Is Loudly Anti-Foreign</a>, New York Times</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_Seoul_Shinmoon_article-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010_Seoul_Shinmoon_article_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20100329031003">"[서울신문] [사설] 되풀이되는 日 고위직 망언 구제불능인가"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Shinmun" title="Seoul Shinmun">Seoul Shinmun</a></i>. 29 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seoul+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%5B%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8%5D+%5B%EC%82%AC%EC%84%A4%5D+%EB%90%98%ED%92%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%90%98%EB%8A%94+%E6%97%A5+%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%84%EC%A7%81+%EB%A7%9D%EC%96%B8+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A0%9C%EB%B6%88%EB%8A%A5%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80&rft.date=2010-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seoul.co.kr%2Fnews%2FnewsView.php%3Fid%3D20100329031003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anti-Korean-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anti-Korean_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelstein2022" class="citation web cs1">Adelstein, Jake (8 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220708172725/https://www.thedailybeast.com/shinzo-abe-was-japans-donald-trump-before-trumpexcept-he-pulled-it-off">"Shinzo Abe Was 'Trump Before Trump'—Except He Pulled It Off"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/shinzo-abe-was-japans-donald-trump-before-trumpexcept-he-pulled-it-off">the original</a> on 8 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>His authoritarian legacy will live on for decades to come, and in retaining power, he even trumped Trump. ... During his exile from power, Abe and his cabinet members allied with anti-Korean and other xenophobic groups. Abe drummed up anti-Korean sentiment to bolster his support, and made sure his allies did the dog-whistles while he kept his hands clean. While Trump portrayed immigrants as the boogeyman threatening Japan; Abe latched onto deep-rooted anti-Korean sentiment, towards both the Korean residents of Japan who stayed after the war and citizens of South and North Korea, former colonies of Japan. He appointed Eriko Yamatani, a woman closely associated with the flamingly anti-Korean group Zaitoku-Kai, to be the head of the National Public Safety Commission that oversees the National Police Agency.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Shinzo+Abe+Was+%27Trump+Before+Trump%27%E2%80%94Except+He+Pulled+It+Off&rft.date=2022-07-08&rft.aulast=Adelstein&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fshinzo-abe-was-japans-donald-trump-before-trumpexcept-he-pulled-it-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/22098016">"트럼프와 포옹한 이용수 할머니, 일본에 일침 "참견 마라"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Elderly lady <a href="/wiki/Lee_Yong-soo_(activist)" title="Lee Yong-soo (activist)">Lee Yong-soo</a> hugged Trump. ... She spoke strongly to the Japan's [right-wing Japanese nationalist government] "Don't interfere"]. <i><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="중앙일보">중앙일보</a></i>. 9 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.atitle=%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84%EC%99%80+%ED%8F%AC%EC%98%B9%ED%95%9C+%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9%EC%88%98+%ED%95%A0%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%2C+%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%BC%EC%B9%A8+%22%EC%B0%B8%EA%B2%AC+%EB%A7%88%EB%9D%BC%22&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joongang.co.kr%2Farticle%2F22098016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-문정인-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-문정인_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donga.com/news/Politics/article/all/20200703/101805174/1">"문정인 "바이든이 미 대통령 되면 북한 문제 풀기 어려워"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [<a href="/wiki/Moon_Chung-in" title="Moon Chung-in">Moon Chung-in</a> said, "If Biden [not Trump] becomes the U.S. president, it will be difficult to solve the North Korean problem".]. <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="동아일보">동아일보</a>. 3 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%B8+%22%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A0%EC%9D%B4+%EB%AF%B8+%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9+%EB%90%98%EB%A9%B4+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C+%ED%92%80%EA%B8%B0+%EC%96%B4%EB%A0%A4%EC%9B%8C%22&rft.pub=%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donga.com%2Fnews%2FPolitics%2Farticle%2Fall%2F20200703%2F101805174%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weekly.khan.co.kr/khnm.html?www&mode=view&art_id=202207151430571&dept=117">"아베는 철저히 '아름다운 일본'을 고수했다"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="경향신문">경향신문</a>. 25 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2023</span>. <q>한국에서 아베 전 총리는 흔히 극우 정치인 내지 일본 극우 세력의 핵심 인물로 여겨진다. 국제사회의 평가는 다르다. 아베 전 총리의 부고를 전하는 서구권 외신 기사 대부분은 "일본 전시 역사에 대한 모호한 태도와 안보에 대한 강경한 자세로 한국과의 갈등을 초래했다"(워싱턴포스트)고 짚으면서도 그를 '극우'로 여기는 경우는 많지 않다. "트럼프와 같은 민족주의자는 아니었으나 극우 세력의 사랑을 받았다"(시애틀타임스)는 정도로 표현한다.</q> [In South Korea, Abe is mostly considered a "far-right politician" or a "key figure in Japanese far-right forces". However, the international community's assessment is different. Most Western foreign articles that convey Abe's obituary pointed out that "the ambiguous attitude toward Japanese war crimes history and hawkish attitude toward security caused conflict with South Korea" (Washington Post), but it is not common to regard him as a "far right". [Western media] Mainly describe [Shinzo Abe as] "not a nationalist like Trump, but loved by far-right forces" (Seattle Times).]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A0%EB%8A%94+%EC%B2%A0%EC%A0%80%ED%9E%88+%27%EC%95%84%EB%A6%84%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B4+%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%27%EC%9D%84+%EA%B3%A0%EC%88%98%ED%96%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2021-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweekly.khan.co.kr%2Fkhnm.html%3Fwww%26mode%3Dview%26art_id%3D202207151430571%26dept%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/03/08/national/politics-diplomacy/ex-adviser-steve-bannon-confident-donald-trump-win-2020-despite-probes/#.XILevy2ZPOR">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829232041/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/03/08/national/politics-diplomacy/ex-adviser-steve-bannon-confident-donald-trump-win-2020-despite-probes/#.XILevy2ZPOR">Archived</a> August 29, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ex-adviser Steve Bannon says Abe was 'Trump before Trump,' urges him to play hardball with China, Japan Times, 8 March 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donga.com/news/amp/all/20180918/92055279/2">"아사히신문 마저도 '문재인 정권' 탓"</a>. <i>피렌체의 식탁</i>. 7 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%ED%94%BC%EB%A0%8C%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%98+%EC%8B%9D%ED%83%81&rft.atitle=%EC%95%84%EC%82%AC%ED%9E%88%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8+%EB%A7%88%EC%A0%80%EB%8F%84+%27%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%B8+%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C%27+%ED%83%93&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donga.com%2Fnews%2Famp%2Fall%2F20180918%2F92055279%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20220422500057">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"문재인, 비참한 말로", "文, 목숨을 구걸하나"...벌거벗은 日언론"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Shinmun" title="Seoul Shinmun">Seoul Shinmun</a></i>. 22 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seoul+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%22%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%B8%2C+%EB%B9%84%EC%B0%B8%ED%95%9C+%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%9C%22%2C+%22%E6%96%87%2C+%EB%AA%A9%EC%88%A8%EC%9D%84+%EA%B5%AC%EA%B1%B8%ED%95%98%EB%82%98%22...%EB%B2%8C%EA%B1%B0%EB%B2%97%EC%9D%80+%E6%97%A5%EC%96%B8%EB%A1%A0&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seoul.co.kr%2Fnews%2FnewsView.php%3Fid%3D20220422500057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sisaweekly.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=20912">"日 아사히, 한국은 '후미에(踏み絵)', 문 정부는 사면초가"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Shinmun" title="Seoul Shinmun">Seoul Shinmun</a></i>. 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seoul+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5+%EC%95%84%EC%82%AC%ED%9E%88%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%80+%27%ED%9B%84%EB%AF%B8%EC%97%90%28%E8%B8%8F%E3%81%BF%E7%B5%B5%29%27%2C+%EB%AC%B8+%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EB%8A%94+%EC%82%AC%EB%A9%B4%EC%B4%88%EA%B0%80&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sisaweekly.com%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D20912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-무기한-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-무기한_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joongang.co.kr/amparticle/22636913">"청와대, 일본 아사히신문에 이례적으로 '무기한 출입정지'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="중앙일보">중앙일보</a>. 18 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%B2%AD%EC%99%80%EB%8C%80%2C+%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EC%95%84%EC%82%AC%ED%9E%88%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%80%EC%A0%81%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C+%27%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%9C+%EC%B6%9C%EC%9E%85%EC%A0%95%EC%A7%80%27&rft.pub=%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2018-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.joongang.co.kr%2Famparticle%2F22636913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voakorea.com/amp/6415691.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"한국 대선 결과, 바이든 행정부 아시아 정책에 상당한 영향"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. 27 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EB%8C%80%EC%84%A0+%EA%B2%B0%EA%B3%BC%2C+%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A0+%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80+%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84+%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%EC%97%90+%EC%83%81%EB%8B%B9%ED%95%9C+%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5%22&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voakorea.com%2Famp%2F6415691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Korean+sentiment+in+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Gendered racism">Gendered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_racism" title="Internalized racism">Internalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_racism" title="Patent racism">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_racism" title="Laissez-faire racism">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_racism" title="Linguistic racism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonial_racism" title="Neocolonial racism">Neocolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_racism" title="Romantic racism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_racism" title="Societal racism">Societal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_racism" title="Symbolic racism">Symbolic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_apartheid" title="Global apartheid">Global apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Africa" title="Racism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Racism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Asia" title="Racism in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Japan" title="Racism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_Korea" title="Racism in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Korea" title="Racism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Thailand" title="Racism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Racism in the Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Libya" title="Racism in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Sudan" title="Racism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Europe" title="Racism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Denmark" title="Racism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Germany" title="Racism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Poland" title="Racism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Portugal" title="Racism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Racism in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Spain" title="Racism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Ukraine" title="Racism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Iran" title="Racism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_discrimination_in_Turkey" title="Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Mexico" title="Racism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_America" title="Racism in South America">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Argentina" title="Racism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Brazil" title="Racism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Chile" title="Racism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racism by target</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States">Chinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Zainichi Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japanese Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zainichi Koreans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_racism" title="Anti-Black racism">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogynoir" title="Misogynoir">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Jewish_communities" title="Racism in Jewish communities">In Jewish communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the LGBT community">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Muslim_communities" title="Racism in Muslim communities">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_wine_industry" title="Racism in the wine industry">Wine industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Racial supremacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-white_racism" title="Anti-white racism">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Ableism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Casteism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_plastic_surgery" title="Ethnic plastic surgery">Ethnic plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_back_to_where_you_came_from" title="Go back to where you came from">Go back to where you came from</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrenvolk_democracy" title="Herrenvolk democracy">Herrenvolk democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interminority_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Interminority racism in the United States">Interminority racism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_communities" title="Racism in Hispanic and Latino American communities">Hispanics/Latinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(racial_identity)" title="Passing (racial identity)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics_of_racism" title="Psychometrics of racism">Psychometrics of racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_sexuality" title="Race and sexuality">Race and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_card" title="Race card">Race card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_misrepresentation" title="Racial misrepresentation">Racial misrepresentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Racial figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport" title="Racism in sport">Racism in sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_sport_in_Australia" title="Racism in sport in Australia">in Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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