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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World's fair in Porto, Portugal, in 1865</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1865_International_Exhibition" title="Special:EditPage/1865 International Exhibition">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221865+International+Exhibition%22">"1865 International Exhibition"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221865+International+Exhibition%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221865+International+Exhibition%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221865+International+Exhibition%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221865+International+Exhibition%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221865+International+Exhibition%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto,_1865.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto%2C_1865.JPG/350px-The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto%2C_1865.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto%2C_1865.JPG/525px-The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto%2C_1865.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/The_Crystal_Palace_of_the_Portuguese_International_Exhibition_at_Oporto%2C_1865.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wood-engraving" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-engraving">Wood-engraving</a>, published in <i>The Illustrated London News</i>, of the <i>Palácio de Cristal</i>, which was constructed to house the Exhibition</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Exposição Internacional do Porto</b>, known in English as the <b>International Exhibition of 1865</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">world's fair</a> held in the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>. The exhibition was housed inside the grand <i><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_(Porto)" title="Crystal Palace (Porto)">Palácio de Cristal</a></i>, which was modelled on the synonymous <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">Crystal Palace</a> erected for <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">The Great Exhibition</a> held during 1851 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The building's designer was Anglo-Irish civil engineer <a href="/wiki/Francis_Webb_Sheilds" title="Francis Webb Sheilds">Francis Webb Sheilds</a>, who also engineered its construction – he had been the resident engineer for the earlier building between 1852 and 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wagga_Wagga_Express_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagga_Wagga_Express-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was demolished in 1951 after hosting many other expositions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_International_Exhibition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exhibition was inaugurated on 18 September 1865<sup id="cite_ref-ref01_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref01-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the presence of the Portuguese king, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I</a> and his consort <a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_of_Savoy" title="Maria Pia of Savoy">Maria Pia of Savoy</a>. Upon inauguration, it became the first world's fair to occur on the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. The exhibition was shown until January 1866, and the theme of the event was industrial and trade innovations with an emphasis in primary materials, machinery, manufacture and fine arts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_International_Exhibition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chiefly organized by the <i>Associação Industrial Portuense</i> (today called the <i>Associação Empresarial de Portugal</i>), the exhibition hosted 3,139 exhibitors, of which 499 were <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a>, 265 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a>, 107 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>, 89 <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a>, 62 <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a>, 24 <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>, and 16 <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> were also represented.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1865_International_Exhibition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/abs/10.1680/imotp.1907.17310">"Minutes of the proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: volume 168, issue 1907 – Obituary, Francis Webb Wentworth-Sheilds, 1820-1906"</a>. <i>ICE virtual library</i>. Institution of Civil Engineers. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1753-7843">1753-7843</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICE+virtual+library&rft.atitle=Minutes+of+the+proceedings+of+the+Institution+of+Civil+Engineers%3A+volume+168%2C+issue+1907+%E2%80%93+Obituary%2C+Francis+Webb+Wentworth-Sheilds%2C+1820-1906&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=1753-7843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevirtuallibrary.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1680%2Fimotp.1907.17310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wagga_Wagga_Express-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wagga_Wagga_Express_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/142124398">"Death of the Archdeacon's father"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wagga_Wagga_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagga Wagga Express">Wagga Wagga Express</a></i>. Vol. XLVII, no. 8255. (Original, Wagga Wagga. Digital reproduction, Canberra: National Library of Australia – <a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a> digital newspaper archive). 6 March 1906. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wagga+Wagga+Express&rft.atitle=Death+of+the+Archdeacon%27s+father&rft.volume=XLVII&rft.issue=8255&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1906-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F142124398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCMP2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CMP (2020-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porto.pt/en/news/155-years-ago-porto-inaugurated-the-magnificent-building-of-the-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-/">"155 years ago, Porto inaugurated the magnificent building of the Palácio de Cristal that once stood in the Invicta"</a>. <i>www.porto.pt</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.porto.pt&rft.atitle=155+years+ago%2C+Porto+inaugurated+the+magnificent+building+of+the+Pal%C3%A1cio+de+Cristal+that+once+stood+in+the+Invicta&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.au=CMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porto.pt%2Fen%2Fnews%2F155-years-ago-porto-inaugurated-the-magnificent-building-of-the-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref01-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref01_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arqnet.pt/portal/portugal/liberalismo/lib1853.html">"O Portal da História - Cronologia do Liberalismo de 1853 a 1868"</a> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+Portal+da+Hist%C3%B3ria+-+Cronologia+do+Liberalismo+de+1853+a+1868&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqnet.pt%2Fportal%2Fportugal%2Fliberalismo%2Flib1853.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCMP2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CMP (2020-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porto.pt/en/news/155-years-ago-porto-inaugurated-the-magnificent-building-of-the-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-/">"155 years ago, Porto inaugurated the magnificent building of the Palácio de Cristal that once stood in the Invicta"</a>. <i>www.porto.pt</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.porto.pt&rft.atitle=155+years+ago%2C+Porto+inaugurated+the+magnificent+building+of+the+Pal%C3%A1cio+de+Cristal+that+once+stood+in+the+Invicta&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft.au=CMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porto.pt%2Fen%2Fnews%2F155-years-ago-porto-inaugurated-the-magnificent-building-of-the-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCMP2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CMP (2019-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porto.pt/en/news/the-glorious-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-was-inaugurated-154-years-ago/">"The glorious Palácio de Cristal that once stood in the Invicta was inaugurated 154 years ago"</a>. <i>www.porto.pt</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.porto.pt&rft.atitle=The+glorious+Pal%C3%A1cio+de+Cristal+that+once+stood+in+the+Invicta+was+inaugurated+154+years+ago&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.au=CMP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porto.pt%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fthe-glorious-palacio-de-cristal-that-once-stood-in-the-invicta-was-inaugurated-154-years-ago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1865+International+Exhibition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1865 International Exhibition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>)</li> <li>Exposição Industrial Portugueza (<a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, 1888)</li> <li>Exposição Insular E Colonial Portugueza (Porto, 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_exhibition" title="Portuguese colonial exhibition">Portuguese colonial exhibition</a> (Porto, 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_World_Exhibition" title="Portuguese World Exhibition">Portuguese World Exhibition</a> (Lisbon, 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_%2798" title="Expo '98">Expo '98</a> (Lisbon)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Porto_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Porto" title="Template:Porto"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Porto" title="Template talk:Porto"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Porto" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Porto"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Porto_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-prt1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/15px-Pt-prt1.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/23px-Pt-prt1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pt-prt1.png/30px-Pt-prt1.png 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="347" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Porto" title="Category:Culture in Porto">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Porto" title="Climate of Porto">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Porto" title="Category:Economy of Porto">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Porto" title="Category:Education in Porto">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto#Geography" title="Porto">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_District" title="Porto District">District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_metropolitan_area#Government" title="Porto metropolitan area">Metro Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Porto">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Porto" title="Timeline of Porto">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Porto" title="Category:Mass media in Porto">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Porto" title="Category:People from Porto">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto#Politics_and_government" title="Porto">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Porto" title="Category:Sport in Porto">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Porto" title="Category:Transport in Porto">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Porto" title="List of tourist attractions in Porto">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings<br />and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arr%C3%A1bida_Bridge" title="Arrábida Bridge">Arrábida Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beco_dos_Redemoinhos_Residence" title="Beco dos Redemoinhos Residence">Beco dos Redemoinhos Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanh%C3%A3_railway_station" title="Campanhã railway station">Campanhã railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrancas_Palace" title="Carrancas Palace">Carrancas Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_C%C3%A2mara" title="Casa da Câmara">Casa da Câmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dos_Maias" title="Casa dos Maias">Casa dos Maias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Tait" title="Casa Tait">Casa Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Vicent" title="Casa Vicent">Casa Vicent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Cathedral" title="Porto Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9rigos_Church" title="Clérigos Church">Clérigos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Marists" title="College of the Marists">College of the Marists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_dos_Grilos" title="Igreja dos Grilos">Church of the Grilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Ildefonso" title="Church of Saint Ildefonso">Church of Saint Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_(Porto)" title="Church of São Francisco (Porto)">Church of São Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento_da_Vit%C3%B3ria" title="Igreja de São Bento da Vitória">Church of São Bento da Vitória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_S%C3%A3o_Martinho_de_Cedofeita" title="Church of São Martinho de Cedofeita">Church of São Martinho de Cedofeita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santa_Clara_(Porto)" title="Igreja de Santa Clara (Porto)">Church of Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Cidade" title="Convent of Santo António da Cidade">Convent of Santo António da Cidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devesas_Factory_Warehouse" title="Devesas Factory Warehouse">Devesas Factory Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Lu%C3%ADs_I_Bridge" title="Dom Luís I Bridge">Dom Luís I Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevador_da_Ribeira" title="Elevador da Ribeira">Elevador da Ribeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Club_of_Porto" title="English Club of Porto">English Club of Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Palace,_Porto" title="Episcopal Palace, Porto">Episcopal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_House" title="Factory House">Factory House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_Xavier" title="Fort of São Francisco Xavier">Fort of São Francisco Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freixo_Bridge" title="Freixo Bridge">Freixo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular_dos_Guindais" title="Funicular dos Guindais">Funicular dos Guindais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Dom_Henrique_Bridge" title="Infante Dom Henrique Bridge">Infante Dom Henrique Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadoorie_Synagogue" title="Kadoorie Synagogue">Kadoorie Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel-o-Anjo" title="Lighthouse of São Miguel-o-Anjo">Lighthouse of São Miguel-o-Anjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livraria_Lello" title="Livraria Lello">Livraria Lello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pia_Bridge" title="Maria Pia Bridge">Maria Pia Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Pedro_IV_(Porto)" title="Monument to Pedro IV (Porto)">Monument to Pedro IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_da_Bolsa" title="Palácio da Bolsa">Palácio da Bolsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_da_Justi%C3%A7a_(Porto)" title="Palácio da Justiça (Porto)">Palácio da Justiça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Freixo" title="Palácio do Freixo">Palácio do Freixo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacete_de_Belomonte" title="Palacete de Belomonte">Palacete de Belomonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Novo" title="Palace of São João Novo">Palace of São João Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacete_of_the_Visconts_of_Balsem%C3%A3o" title="Palacete of the Visconts of Balsemão">Palacete of the Visconts of Balsemão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_de_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Ponte de São João">Ponte de São João</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Convention_Centre" title="Porto Convention Centre">Porto Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_railway_station" title="São Bento railway station">São Bento railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Changes" title="She Changes">She Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_D._Pedro_Pit%C3%B5es" title="Tower of D. Pedro Pitões">Tower of D. Pedro Pitões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Pedro-Sem" title="Tower of Pedro-Sem">Tower of Pedro-Sem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandine_Walls_of_Porto" title="Fernandine Walls of Porto">Fernandine Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chafariz_da_Colher" title="Chafariz da Colher">Chafariz da Colher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Lions_(Porto)" title="Fountain of the Lions (Porto)">Fountain of the Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Passeio_Alegre" title="Fountain of Passeio Alegre">Fountain of Passeio Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Rua_das_Taipas" title="Fountain of Rua das Taipas">Fountain of Rua das Taipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" title="Fountain of São Miguel">Fountain of São Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Virtues" title="Fountain of the Virtues">Fountain of the Virtues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries<br />and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett_Library" title="Almeida Garrett Library">Almeida Garrett Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_Rua_de_D._Hugo" title="Casa da Rua de D. Hugo">Casa da Rua de D. Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Museu_Fernando_de_Castro" title="Casa Museu Fernando de Castro">Casa Museu Fernando de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-Museu_Marta_Ortig%C3%A3o_Sampaio" title="Casa-Museu Marta Ortigão Sampaio">Casa-Museu Marta Ortigão Sampaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-oficina_Ant%C3%B3nio_Carneiro" title="Casa-oficina António Carneiro">Casa-oficina António Carneiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Porto_Museum" title="FC Porto Museum">FC Porto Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa-Museu_Guerra_Junqueiro" title="Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro">Casa-Museu Guerra Junqueiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_do_Infante" title="Casa do Infante">Casa do Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Library_of_Porto" title="Municipal Library of Porto">Municipal Library of Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museu_Militar_do_Porto" title="Museu Militar do Porto">Museu Militar do Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_and_Communication" title="Museum of Transport and Communication">Museum of Transport and Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Wine_Museum" title="Port Wine Museum">Port Wine Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Tram_Museum" title="Porto Tram Museum">Porto Tram Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Centre_of_Photography" title="Portuguese Centre of Photography">Portuguese Centre of Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serralves" title="Serralves">Serralves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soares_dos_Reis_National_Museum" title="Soares dos Reis National Museum">Soares dos Reis National Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performing arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_M%C3%BAsica" title="Casa da Música">Casa da Música</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Batalha_(Porto)" title="Cinema Batalha (Porto)">Cinema Batalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliseu_do_Porto" title="Coliseu do Porto">Coliseu do Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivoli_Theatre_(Portugal)" title="Rivoli Theatre (Portugal)">Rivoli Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_National_Theatre" title="São João National Theatre">São João National Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batalha_Square" title="Batalha Square">Batalha Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberdade_Square_(Porto)" title="Liberdade Square (Porto)">Liberdade Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Square" title="Ribeira Square">Ribeira Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_da_Boavista" title="Rotunda da Boavista">Rotunda da Boavista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuito_da_Boavista" title="Circuito da Boavista">Circuito da Boavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A3o_Arena" title="Dragão Arena">Dragão Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Bessa" title="Estádio do Bessa">Estádio do Bessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Drag%C3%A3o" title="Estádio do Dragão">Estádio do Dragão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Engenheiro_Vidal_Pinheiro" title="Estádio Engenheiro Vidal Pinheiro">Estádio Engenheiro Vidal Pinheiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oporto_Cricket_and_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club">Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bock_Arena" title="Super Bock Arena">Super Bock Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Life_Porto" title="Sea Life Porto">Sea Life Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Porto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Porto">Porto</a></b> at Wikimedia Commons . <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/24px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/60px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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