CINXE.COM

Vote Smart - Facts For All

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=IE8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="ScreenOrientation" content="autoRotate:disabled"> <meta name="DC.title" content="Vote Smart | Facts For All"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vote Smart | Facts For All"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="http://votesmart.org"> <meta property="og:image" content="/static/images/homepage/vote-smart-logo-final_icon-color.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="200"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Vote Smart"> <meta property="og:description" content="Vote Smart provides free, unbiased, in-depth information about current officials, candidates, issues, legislation, and voting. Non-partisan and nonprofit since 1988."> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta name="description" content="Vote Smart provides free, unbiased, in-depth information about current officials, candidates, issues, legislation, and voting. Non-partisan and nonprofit since 1988." /> <meta prefix="fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#" property="fb:app_id" content="380926668611330"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="NbA2RLx2cGQP9H0zDhE0thXsJusPo0hDyXKCUtDKpvw" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="//www.votesmart.org/opensearch.xml" title="Vote Smart"> <title>Vote Smart - Facts For All</title> <link rel="profile" href="https://microformats.org/profile/hcard"> <!-- Framework CSS --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/material-kit.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500,700|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Material+Icons" /> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/latest/css/font-awesome.min.css"> --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.8.1/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-50oBUHEmvpQ+1lW4y57PTFmhCaXp0ML5d60M1M7uH2+nqUivzIebhndOJK28anvf" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- MD snackbar --> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/snackbarjs/1.1.0/snackbar.min.css"> --> <!-- Favicons --> <!-- <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/images/general/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/images/general/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/images/general/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/images/general/favicons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/images/general/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/images/general/favicon-new-branding/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/images/general/favicon-new-branding/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/images/general/favicon-new-branding/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/images/general/favicon-new-branding/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/images/general/favicon-new-branding/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <!-- Google Tag Manager UA --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T539983');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) GA4 --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-1VS0GL85L5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-1VS0GL85L5'); window.dataLayer.push({'event': 'AuthUserPageLoad', 'userId': ''}) </script> </head> <body> <div class="main-header-ispy-wrapper"> <!-- navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-default --> <nav id="main-header" class="" style="background: transparent !important;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center" id="mainHeaderNavRow" > <div class="mt-2 col-xl-auto col-md-auto col-lg-5 text-center "> <div class="row mt-2 "> <div class="col-6 col-12 col-md-auto header-btn-col" style=""> <img src="/static/images/homepage/votesmartlogfinalprimarycolor.png" class="img-responsive" style="max-height: 150px;" alt="Responsive image"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="align-self-center col-xl-auto col-md-auto col-sm-12 mb-2 mt-2"> <div class="row mt-2 "> <div class="col-6 col-12 col-md-auto header-btn-col" style="display: unset; "> <a href="/help-us?utm_source=votesmart&utm_medium=helpusbanner&utm_campaign=donate " class="btn btn-danger btn-block have-our-backs-header-btn" style="color: white; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal;" target="_blank">HAVE OUR BACKS</a> </div> <div class="text-center col-6 col-12 col-md-auto header-btn-col"> <a href="#loginModal" data-toggle="modal" class="btn btn-primary btn-block myvotesmart-btn-header-noauth" style="font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="loginPageLimitModal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" style="backdrop-filter: blur(5px);"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="card-title"></h4> </div> <a href="/register" class="btn btn-danger" style="font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; margin: 15px 24px;">Sign Up</a> <div class="modal-body"> <form class="form user-auth-form" method="post" action="/login?next=//" id="loginFormPageLimitModal"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WLmwXdjUNM4FEwdIz35bU6J1Ou4YI5731slfrY6QNHc5N5JybgsoYlbBdljhMCvM"> <div class="card card-login card-hidden"> <div class="card-header card-header-primary text-center"> <h3 class="card-title">Already Registered?</h3> </div> <div class="card-body"> <span class="bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">face</i> </span> </div> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" autocomplete="username" placeholder="Username..." required> </div> </span> <span class="bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">lock_outline</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" placeholder="Password..." autocomplete="current-password" required> </div> </span> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-left"> <small style="line-height: normal;">This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply.</small> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-left" style="padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <p><a href="/forgot-password"><strong>Forgot Password?</strong></a></P> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-center" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <input type="hidden" name="next" value="" /> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem;" >Log In</button> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-center" style="padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0px;"> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="next" value="" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="viewCountAlert" class="alert alert-info alert-dismissible fade hide" role="alert" style="background-color: #e91e63 !important;"> <strong id="viewCountAlertMessage"></strong> </div> <div id="loginModal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true" style="padding: 0px;">脳</button> </div> <a href="/register" class="btn btn-danger" style="font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; margin: 15px 24px;">Sign Up</a> <div class="modal-body"> <form class="form user-auth-form" method="post" action="/login?next=//" id="loginFormModal"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="WLmwXdjUNM4FEwdIz35bU6J1Ou4YI5731slfrY6QNHc5N5JybgsoYlbBdljhMCvM"> <div class="card card-login card-hidden"> <div class="card-header card-header-primary text-center"> <h3 class="card-title">Already Registered?</h3> </div> <div class="card-body"> <span class="bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">face</i> </span> </div> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" autocomplete="username" placeholder="Username..." required> </div> </span> <span class="bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">lock_outline</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" placeholder="Password..." autocomplete="current-password" required> </div> </span> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-left"> <small style="line-height: normal;">This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply.</small> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-left" style="padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <p><a href="/forgot-password"><strong>Forgot Password?</strong></a></P> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-center" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <input type="hidden" name="next" value="" /> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 1rem;" >Log In</button> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-center" style="padding-top: 0.75rem; padding-bottom: 0px;"> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="next" value="" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <nav id="ispy-header" class="navbar justify-content-center" style="background: transparent !important;"> <!-- <div class="container" style="overflow: hidden;"> --> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row justify-content-center" id="iSpyHeaderRow"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 col-xl-12 iSpy-outter-col"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-8"> <form action="." id="iSpySearchForm" data-candidate-id=""> <div class="iSpy-form form-group label-floating has-info"> <input type="text" class="new-iSpy-input" placeholder="Enter a politician's name or your address" autocomplete="off" id="ispysearch" data-placement="auto" title="First, enter a politician's name or your address." name="iSpySearchInput"> <!-- added has-info compatibility to form-control-feedback class in _forms.scss --> <span class="iSpy-form-control-feedback"> <!-- material design-like cricular progress indicator --> <svg class="icon-hidden spinner" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 66 66" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="ispysearchspinner"> <circle class="path" fill="none" stroke-width="6" stroke-linecap="round" cx="33" cy="33" r="30"></circle> </svg> </span> <div class="dropdown-menu w-100 scrollable-menu" id="iSpyResultsDropdown"></div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div id="selectionInsert" class="iSpy-selection-insert"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- FOLDER ICONS --> <div class="row justify-content-center" id="folder-row" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Now, choose a category."> <div class="col col-xl-auto col-md-auto col-sm-12 text-center text-nowrap"> <h1 class="iSpy-subheader-the-facts new-ispy-header" style="font-weight: 700; color: #002664; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">THE FACTS <i class="fas fa-caret-right the-facts-arrow-right" style="color: red;"></i><i class="fas fa-caret-down the-facts-arrow-down" style="color: red;"></i></h1> <!-- <i class="fas fa-caret-down the-facts-arrow-rotated" style="color: red;"></i> --> </div> <!-- REMOVING col-auto to col helps!!! --> <div class="col-12 col-xl-auto col-md-auto col-sm-12" id="newFolderColWrapper"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-auto col-lg-auto col-md-auto col-sm-12 col-12 icon-folder-row-col-auto"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="bioFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="bioFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="bio"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">BIO</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="bioFolderOpen" data-folder-icon-type="bio" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="bio"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font bio-icon-open-folder" style="">BIO</span> </span> </div> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto icon-folder-col"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="votesFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="votesFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="votes"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">VOTES</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="votesFolderOpen" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="votes"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font votes-icon-open-folder">VOTES</span> </span> </div> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="positionsFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="positionsFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="positions"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">POSITIONS</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="positionsFolderOpen" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="positions"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font positions-icon-open-folder" style="">POSITIONS</span> </span> </div> </div> <!-- row --> </div> <!-- col --> <div class="col-xl-auto col-lg-auto col-md-auto col-sm-12 col-12 icon-folder-row-col-auto"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="ratingsFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="ratingsFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="ratings"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">RATINGS</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="ratingsFolderOpen" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="ratings"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font ratings-icon-open-folder" style="">RATINGS</span> </span> </div> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto icon-folder-col"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="speechesFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="speechesFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="speeches"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">SPEECHES</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="speechesFolderOpen" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="speeches"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font speeches-icon-open-folder" style="">SPEECHES</span> </span> </div> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto"> <a href="#" class="ispy-folder-icon-btn" id="fundingFolder" style=""> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-closed" id="fundingFolderClosed" data-folder-icon-type="funding"> <i class="fas fa-folder fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-closed-folder-text-font">FUNDING</span> </span> </a> <span class="fa-stack fa-customize-size folder-icon-open " id="fundingFolderOpen" style="display: none;" data-folder-icon-type="funding"> <i class="fas fa-folder-open fa-stack-2x folder-icon-outline" style="color: #7296D2;"></i> <span class="fa-stack-1x icon-open-folder-text-font funding-icon-open-folder">FUNDING</span> </span> </div> </div> <!-- row --> </div> </div> <!-- end folder row --> </div> <!-- newFolderColWrapper --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <span class="iSpyWrapperSpanLine"></span> </div> <div> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#helpusPopupModalCenter" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false" style="display: none;"> </button> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" id="helpusPopupModalCenter" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="helpusPopupModalCenterTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content " > <div class="modal-body" style="padding: 0px;"> <img class="img-fluid" id="helpusPopImage" src=""> </div> <!-- modal-footer --> <div class="" style="justify-content: unset; padding: 0px;"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col"> <a href="" target="_blank" class="btn btn-danger btn-block help-us-pop-up-btn" data-dismiss="modal" style="font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;-webkit-border-radius: 0 !important;-moz-border-radius: 0 !important;border-radius: 0 !important;" id="helpUsPopUpClickThroughLinkQuote">Please have our backs</a> </div> <div class="col"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-block help-us-pop-up-btn" id="helpusPopUpNoThanksQuote" style="font-size: .75rem; margin: 0px; padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 15px;-webkit-border-radius: 0 !important;-moz-border-radius: 0 !important;border-radius: 0 !important;" data-dismiss="modal">No Thank You</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid" style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; background-color: white;"> <div class="row text-center"> <div class="col mb-4"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="title">Page Not Found</h1> <h2 class="title">We're sorry, we can't seem to find the page you're looking for.</h2> <h5 class="title">Error code: 404</h5> <p style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Here are some helpful links instead:</p> <ul class="" style="list-style: none; padding-left: 0px;"> <li class=""><a href="/" style="font-weight: 700;">Home</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/about/contact/" style="font-weight: 700;">Contact Us</a></li> <li class=""><a href="#customSiteSearchForm" style="font-weight: 700;">Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span class="iSpyWrapperSpanLine"></span> <footer class="footer footer-big" style="background-color: white;"> <div class="container"> <div class="content"> <!-- start new --> <div class="row" id="parentSubNavRow"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-8 text-left"> <form method="GET" action="/search" id="" autocomplete="off"> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 1.75rem !important;"> <div class="col"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="input-group mt-2"> <input type="text" value="" name="q" placeholder="Search site..." class="form-control new-search-site-footer-input" id="" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto" title="enter a search term" style="color: black;"> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto col-sm-auto col-md-auto"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info btn-block" id=""><i class="fas fa-search fa-lg"></i></button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h2 class="title" style="color: #002664; margin-bottom: 0px;"> Navigation </h2> <hr style="margin-top: 0px; color: #002664;"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Ways to help </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/help-us" class="dropdown-item">Donate</a> <a href="/volunteer" class="dropdown-item">Volunteer</a> <a href="https://votesmart.org/ambassadors" class="dropdown-item">Ambassador</a> <a href="/legacy" class="dropdown-item">Leave a Legacy</a> <a href="/internships/" class="dropdown-item">Internships</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton2" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Education </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/education/government" class="dropdown-item">Government 101</a> <a href="/education" class="dropdown-item">For Teachers</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton3" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> About Vote Smart </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/about" class="dropdown-item">Background</a> <a href="/about/board" class="dropdown-item">Board</a> <a href="/about/staff" class="dropdown-item">Staff</a> <a href="/about/advisors" class="dropdown-item">Advisors</a> <a href="/about#finances" class="dropdown-item">Finances</a> <a href="/jobs" class="dropdown-item">Jobs</a> <a href="/about/media" class="dropdown-item">News Room</a> <a href="/about/contact" class="dropdown-item">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton4" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Using our Data </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/share/api" class="dropdown-item">API</a> <a href="/share/widgets" class="dropdown-item">Widgets</a> <a href="/share/link-to-us" class="dropdown-item">Link to Vote Smart</a> <a href="https://votesmart.org/media/rss" class="dropdown-item">RSS Feeds</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton5" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Publications </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="https://www.blog.votesmart.org/" class="dropdown-item">Blog</a> <a href="/media/publications" class="dropdown-item">Voter's Self-Defense Manual</a> <a href="/request-materials" class="dropdown-item">Request Materials</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton6" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Elections & Candidates </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton6"> <a href="https://votesmart.org/elections" class="dropdown-item">Elections Summary</a> <a href="https://votesmart.org/elections/voter-registration" class="dropdown-item">Voter Registration &amp; Polling Place</a> <a href="/elections/ballot-measures" class="dropdown-item">Ballot Measures</a> <a href="/issues" class="dropdown-item">Issues</a> <a href="/public-statements/" class="dropdown-item">Public Statements</a> <a href="/political-parties" class="dropdown-item">Political Parties</a> <a href="/elections/offices" class="dropdown-item">Election Contacts</a> <a href="/about/political-courage-test" class="dropdown-item">Political Courage Test</a> <a href="/for-candidates/" class="dropdown-item">For Candidates</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary dropdown-toggle text-left new-footer-button-background-img " type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton7" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-flip="false"> Government & Officials </button> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a href="/officials" class="dropdown-item">Offices &amp; Officials</a> <a href="/bills/NA/" class="dropdown-item">Legislation</a> <a href="/issues" class="dropdown-item">Issues</a> <a href="/interest-groups" class="dropdown-item">Interest Groups</a> <a href="/public-statements/" class="dropdown-item">Public Statements</a> <a href="/offices/committees" class="dropdown-item">Committees</a> <a href="/offices/leadership" class="dropdown-item">Leadership</a> <a href="https://votesmart.org/vetoes/" class="dropdown-item">Vetoes</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12"> <button href="/media/newsletter" target="_blank" class="btn btn-block btn-danger text-left new-footer-button-background-img" type="button" style="color: white;" id="newFooterSubscribeBtn"> Subscribe to Newsletter </button> </div> </div> </div> <!-- <div class="col-md-3"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info btn-block" id="googleSiteSearchBtn"><i class="fas fa-search fa-lg"></i></button> </div> --> </div> <!-- <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr style="color: #002664;"> <a href="https://sbs.votesmart.org/" class="btn" style="font-size: 25px; font-weight: 700; background-color: #ffffff00; box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; color: #002664; padding-top: 0px; font-size: 25px; padding-left: 0px"> <img src="/static/images/homepage/VS-Side-By-Side-Checkmark-LRG.png" style="width: 75px"/> SIDE BY <span style="color: #ff0d0c;">SIDE</span> </a> </div> </div> --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 text-left"> <img src="/static/images/homepage/seal-1.png" class="img-fluid"/> </div> <div class="col-md-4 text-left"> <img src="/static/images/homepage/seal-2.png" class="img-fluid"/> </div> <div class="col-md-4 text-left"> <img src="/static/images/homepage/Three-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color.png" class="img-fluid"/> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="col text-left" id="mainFooterAboutInfoCol"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col"> <h2 class="title" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><a href="/about" >Our Mission</a></h2> <hr style="margin-top: 0px;"> <div class=""> <p> <a href="/about" class="about-link">Vote Smart's mission is to provide free, factual, unbiased information on candidates and elected officials to <strong>ALL</strong> Americans.</a> </p> <p> <a href="/about"><strong>READ MORE</strong><span><i class="fas fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: .75rem; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: .1rem; padding-left: .25rem;"></i><i class="fas fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: .75rem; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: .1rem;"></i></span></a> </p> <!-- <a href="/"><img id="image-logo" src="/static/images/homepage/vs-facts-logo-2017.png" style="width: 85%;"></a> --> <!----> <img src="/static/images/homepage/votesmartlogfinalprimarycolor.png" class="navbar-brand" style="height: 150px !important;" alt="Responsive image"> <address style="font-size: 14px; color: #002664 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 1.5rem;"> 1153 24th Street, Des Moines, IA 50311 </address> <address style="font-size: 14px; color: #002664 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0rem;"><i class="material-icons" style="vertical-align: middle;">phone</i> Hotline: <a href="tel:18888683762">888-Vote-Smart</a> (888-868-3762)</address> <p style="font-size: 14px; color: #002664 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong class="">All content 漏 1992 - 2021 Vote Smart</strong> <a href="/copyright">unless otherwise attributed</a> - <a href="/about/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; color: #002664 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><span>Legislative demographic data provided by</span> <a href="http://www.aristotle.com/" target="_blank">Aristotle International, Inc.</a></p> <p style="font-size: 14px; color: #002664 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><a href="/static/pdfs/Mobile_Messaging_Terms_and_conditions.pdf" target="_blank">Mobile Messaging Terms and Conditions</a></p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col text-left"> <a href="https://twitter.com/VoteSmart" class="btn btn-fab btn-twitter mr-2" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Project-Vote-Smart/129523843754764" class="btn btn-fab btn-facebook mx-2" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i><div class="ripple-container"></div></a> <a href="/about/contact" style="vertical-align: middle;"><i class="material-icons" style="font-size: 60px;">mail</i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end new --> </div> <!-- .content div --> </div> </footer> <script> document.getElementById("newFooterSubscribeBtn").addEventListener('click', function (event) { window.open("https://www.votesmart.org/newsletter", '_blank'); }) </script> <!-- <footer class="footer footer-bottom" style="padding: 0px;"> <div> <img class="img-fluid" src="/static/images/general/star-spangled-banner-image-cropped.png"></img> </div> </footer> <footer class="footer footer-bottom" style="padding: 0px;"> <img class="img-fluid" src="/static/images/general/star-spangled-banner-image-cropped.png"></img> </footer> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg" id="starSpangledBannerBottom" style="margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"> <img class="img-fluid" src="/static/images/general/star-spangled-banner-image-cropped.png"> </nav> --> <footer class="footer footer-bottom star-spangled-bottom-footer"> </footer> <div class="modal fade" id="loginMVS" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-login" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="card card-signup card-plain"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="card-header card-header-primary text-center"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"><i class="material-icons">clear</i></button> <h4 class="card-title">Log in</h4> <div class="social-line"> <a href="#pablo" class="btn btn-just-icon btn-link"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i> </a> <a href="#pablo" class="btn btn-just-icon btn-link"> <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="tab-content tab-space"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="login"> <form class="form" method="" action=""> <p class="description text-center"> <img class="img" src="/static/images/general/myvs.png" /> </p> <div class="card-body"> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">face</i> </span> </div> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username..."> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">lock_outline</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" placeholder="Password..." class="form-control"> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="register"> <form class="form" method="" action=""> <p class="description text-center"> <img class="img" src="/static/images/general/myvs.png" /> </p> <div class="card-body"> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">face</i> </span> </div> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username..."> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">person</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" placeholder="First Name..." class="form-control"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">person_outline</i> </span> </div> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last Name..."> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">email</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" placeholder="Email..." class="form-control"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">lock</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password..."> </div> </div> <div class="form-group bmd-form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text"> <i class="material-icons">lock_outline</i> </span> </div> <input type="password" placeholder="Password Confirmation..." class="form-control"> </div> <small id="passwordHelp" class="form-text text-muted">Enter the same password as above, for verification.</small> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer justify-content-center"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-pills-danger nav-pills-icons"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="#login" data-toggle="tab"> <i class="material-icons">account_circle</i> LOGIN </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#register" data-toggle="tab"> <i class="material-icons">person_add</i> SIGN UP </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Core JS Files --> <script src="/static/js/core/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/core/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- SnackbarJS plugin --> <script src="/static/js/plugins/snackbar.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/core/bootstrap-material-design.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/plugins/moment.min.js"></script> <!-- Plugin for the Datepicker, full documentation here: https://github.com/Eonasdan/bootstrap-datetimepicker --> <script src="/static/js/plugins/bootstrap-datetimepicker.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Plugin for the Sliders, full documentation here: http://refreshless.com/nouislider/ --> <script src="/static/js/plugins/nouislider.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Google Maps Plugin --> <!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyB2Yno10-YTnLjjn_Vtk0V8cdcY5lC4plU"></script> --> <!-- Plugin for Tags, full documentation here: https://github.com/bootstrap-tagsinput/bootstrap-tagsinputs --> <script src="/static/js/plugins/bootstrap-tagsinput.js"></script> <!-- Plugin for Select, full documentation here: http://silviomoreto.github.io/bootstrap-select --> <script src="/static/js/plugins/bootstrap-selectpicker.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Plugin for Fileupload, full documentation here: http://www.jasny.net/bootstrap/javascript/#fileinput --> <!-- iSpy header & introjs --> <script src="/static/js/iSpy/iSpy.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/home/home.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- utils --> <script src="/static/js/tracking/tracking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/plugins/jasny-bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- Place this tag in your head or just before your close body tag. --> <script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script> <!-- Control Center for Material Kit: parallax effects, scripts for the example pages etc --> <script src="/static/js/material-kit.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/home/site_search_handler.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- new reCAPTCHA --> <!-- resource shows up as recaptch__en.js and api.js?.. --> <!-- <script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=recaptchOnLoadCallBack&render=6Ld72eAUAAAAALYxG5dMa8-oBMB_OrMSIaGRHGCU'></script> --> <!-- non-onload func version --> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6Ld72eAUAAAAALYxG5dMa8-oBMB_OrMSIaGRHGCU"></script> <script src="/static/js/user/justfacts_reCAPTCHA.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/static/js/user/justfacts_login_utils.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.countdown/2.2.0/jquery.countdown.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- elections PCT return graphic --> <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- view counting tool for help us popup --> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@rc/dist/js.cookie.min.js"></script> <!-- help us popup <script src="/static/js/home/help-us-popup.js" type="text/javascript"></script> --> <script src="/static/js/user/view_blocker.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { fetch('/x/check-auth/') .then((response) => response.json()) .then((data) => { console.log(data); if (data.authenticated == true) { deleteViewCountCookie('__vct__') } else { if (parseInt(getCookieValue('__vct__')) === 4) { } else if (getCookieValue('__vct__')) { updateViewCountCookie() } else { setPersistentCookie("__vct__", incrementPageViewCount(), 5); } updateAlert(); } }) .catch(error => { console.error('Error checking authentication:', error); }); function setPersistentCookie(name, value, days) { const date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)); const expires = "expires=" + date.toUTCString(); document.cookie = name + "=" + value + ";" + expires + ";path=/"; } function getCookieValue(name) { const value = `; ${document.cookie}`; const parts = value.split(`; ${name}=`); if (parts.length === 2) return parts.pop().split(';').shift(); } function updateViewCountCookie() { let currentPageViewCount = incrementPageViewCount() setPersistentCookie('__vct__', currentPageViewCount, 5) } function deleteViewCountCookie(name) { document.cookie = name + '=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; } function checkCurrentPageExempt() { let currentPageExempt = false; const exemptPages = [ "password", "login", "register", "help-us", "google-analytics", "search", "forgot-password", "password-reset-done", "password-reset-confirm", "password-reset-complete", ] const currentPage = window.location.pathname; exemptPages.forEach((page) => { if (currentPage.includes(page)) { currentPageExempt = true; } }) return currentPageExempt } function incrementPageViewCount() { let currentPageExempt = checkCurrentPageExempt(); let pageViews = parseInt(getCookieValue('__vct__')) if (currentPageExempt) { $("#loginPageLimitModal").modal('hide') if (pageViews) { return pageViews } else { return 0 } } else { if (pageViews) { pageViews = parseInt(pageViews) + 1; } else { pageViews = 1; } } return pageViews } function showViewCountAlert() { const __vct___user_messages = [ "Welcome! You have 2 more free uses left. Log in or sign up for free to enjoy unlimited access.", "You have 1 more free use remaining. Log in or sign up now to continue accessing our content.", "This is your last free use. To continue enjoying our content, please log in or sign up for unlimited access.", "You have used all your free accesses. Please log in or sign up to continue enjoying our content without interruption.", ] document.getElementById("viewCountAlert").classList.add('show') document.getElementById("viewCountAlertMessage").innerHTML = __vct___user_messages[getCookieValue('__vct__') - 1] } function updateAlert() { if (parseInt(getCookieValue('__vct__')) > 0 && parseInt(getCookieValue('__vct__')) < 4) { showViewCountAlert() } else if (parseInt(getCookieValue('__vct__')) == 4) { showViewCountAlert() if (!checkCurrentPageExempt()) { $("#loginPageLimitModal").modal('show') } } else { } } }) </script> <a id="back-to-top" href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-round btn-fab back-to-top" role="button"><i class="material-icons">arrow_upward</i></a> <div style="display:none"> <img src="/%5Edjga/google-analytics/?&amp;p=&amp;tracking_code=UA-31404458-5" width="0" height="0" /> </div> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T539983" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(l,e,a,p) { if (window.Sprig) return; window.Sprig = function(){S._queue.push(arguments)} var S = window.Sprig;S.appId = a;S._queue = [];window.UserLeap=S; a=l.createElement('script'); a.async=1;a.src=e+'?id='+S.appId; p=l.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; p.parentNode.insertBefore(a, p); })(document, 'https://cdn.sprig.com/shim.js', 'dHmoFEl4Ync4'); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e7fafeaca685f87',t:'MTczMjUxNzI0NC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10