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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="housing experiment"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3456</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: housing experiment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3276</span> Self-Help Adaptation to Flooding in Low-Income Settlements in Chiang Mai, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nachawit%20Tikul">Nachawit Tikul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to determine low-income housing adaptations for flooding, which causes living problems and housing damage, and the results from improvement. Three low-income settlements in Chiang Mai which experienced different flood types, i.e. flash floods in Samukeepattana, drainage floods in Bansanku, and river floods in Kampangam, were chosen for the study. Almost all of the residents improved their houses to protect the property from flood damage by changing building materials to flood damage resistant materials for walls, floors, and other parts of the structure that were below the base of annual flood elevation. They could only build some parts of their own homes, so hiring skilled workers or contractors was still important. Building materials which have no need for any special tools and are easy to access and use for construction, as well as low cost, are selected for construction. The residents in the three slums faced living problems for only a short time and were able to cope with them. This may be due to the location of the three slums near the city where assistance is readily available. But the housing and the existence in the slums can endure only the regular floods and residence still have problems in unusual floods, which have been experienced 1-2 times during the past 10 years. The residents accept the need for evacuations and prepare for them. When faced with extreme floods, residence have evacuated to the nearest safe place such as schools and public building, and come back to repair the houses after the flood. These are the distinguishing characteristics of low-income living which can withstand serious situations due to the simple lifestyle. Therefore, preparation of living areas for use during severe floods and encouraging production of affordable flood resistant materials should be areas of concern when formulating disaster assistance policies for low income people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding" title="flooding">flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-income%20settlement" title=" low-income settlement"> low-income settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55876/self-help-adaptation-to-flooding-in-low-income-settlements-in-chiang-mai-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3275</span> The Aspect of Urban Inequality after Urban Redevelopment Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungik%20Kang">Sungik Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ja-Hoon%20Koo"> Ja-Hoon Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, urban environments have become unequal, and cities have been segmented by income class. It is predicted that urban inequality has arisen by urban redevelopment and reconstruction projects that improve the urban environment and innovate cities. This study aims to analyze the occurrence and characteristics of urban inequality by using the housing price and sale price and demonstrating the correlation with the urban redevelopment project. This study measures 14 years of urban inequality index for 25 autonomous districts in Seoul and analyzes the correlation between urban inequality with urban redevelopment projects. As a conclusion of this study, first, the urban inequality index of Seoul has been continuously rising since 2015. Trends from 2006 to 2019 have been in U-curved shape in between 2015. In 2019, Seoul's urban inequality index was 0.420, a level similar to that of the 2007 financial crisis. Second, the correlation between urban redevelopment and urban inequality was not statistically significant. Therefore, we judged that urban redevelopment's scale or project structure has nothing with urban inequality. Third, while district designation of urban reconstruction temporarily alleviates urban inequality, the completion of the project increases urban inequality. When designating a district, urban inequality is likely to decrease due to decreased outdated housing transactions. However, the correlation with urban inequality increases as expensive houses has been placed after project completion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20inequality" title="urban inequality">urban inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20redevelopment%20projects" title=" urban redevelopment projects"> urban redevelopment projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20reconstruction%20projects" title=" urban reconstruction projects"> urban reconstruction projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20price%20inequality" title=" housing price inequality"> housing price inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20analysis" title=" panel analysis"> panel analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141883/the-aspect-of-urban-inequality-after-urban-redevelopment-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3274</span> Promising Anti-Displacement Practices for High Cost Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20M.%20Mullins">Leslie M. Mullins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the face of dramatically shifting demographic trends and macroeconomic pressures on affordable housing in high-cost cities, municipalities and developers have been forced to develop new models of sustainable development that integrates elements of substantial rehabilitation and new construction while controlling for relocation and mass displacement. Community development partners in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California are starting to prioritize anti-displacement strategies when rehabilitating severely neglected public housing developments. This study explored the community-driven efforts to transform four dilapidated public housing sites (N=2,600 households) into thriving mixed-income housing communities. Eight interviews were conducted with frontline workers (property managers and service providers), who directly worked with residents throughout critical stages of the relocation and leasing process. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by a systematic procedure for qualitative analysis to identify key themes on the topics of interest. Also, an extensive literature analysis was conducted to determine promising practices throughout the industry. This study highlighted that resident’s emotional attachment to their homes (regardless of the deteriorating conditions of their unit) could both a) impede the relocation process and substantially impact the budget and timeline, while b) simultaneously providing a basis for an enhanced sense of belonging and community cohesion. This phenomenon often includes the welcoming of new residents and cultures. Resident centered workshops, healing centered rituals, and extensive 'hands-on' guidance was highlighted as promising practices that resulted in residential retention rates that were two to three times the national average and positively impacted the overall project’s budget and timeline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-displacement%20strategies" title="anti-displacement strategies">anti-displacement strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20practices" title=" community based practices"> community based practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20cohesion" title=" community cohesion"> community cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20preservation" title=" cultural preservation"> cultural preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healing-centered" title=" healing-centered"> healing-centered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20housing" title=" public housing"> public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relocation" title=" relocation"> relocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma-informed" title=" trauma-informed"> trauma-informed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111309/promising-anti-displacement-practices-for-high-cost-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3273</span> Reducing Defects through Organizational Learning within a Housing Association Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Hopkin">T. Hopkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lu"> S. Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rogers"> P. Rogers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sexton"> M. Sexton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing Associations (HAs) contribute circa 20% of the UK’s housing supply. HAs are however under increasing pressure as a result of funding cuts and rent reductions. Due to the increased pressure, a number of processes are currently being reviewed by HAs, especially how they manage and learn from defects. Learning from defects is considered a useful approach to achieving defect reduction within the UK housebuilding industry. This paper contributes to our understanding of how HAs learn from defects by undertaking an initial round table discussion with key HA stakeholders as part of an ongoing collaborative research project with the National House Building Council (NHBC) to better understand how house builders and HAs learn from defects to reduce their prevalence. The initial discussion shows that defect information runs through a number of groups, both internal and external of a HA during both the defects management process and organizational learning (OL) process. Furthermore, HAs are reliant on capturing and recording defect data as the foundation for the OL process. During the OL process defect data analysis is the primary enabler to recognizing a need for a change to organizational routines. When a need for change has been recognized, new options are typically pursued to design out defects via updates to a HAs Employer’s Requirements. Proposed solutions are selected by a review board and committed to organizational routine. After implementing a change, both structured and unstructured feedback is sought to establish the change’s success. The findings from the HA discussion demonstrates that OL can achieve defect reduction within the house building sector in the UK. The paper concludes by outlining a potential ‘learning from defects model’ for the housebuilding industry as well as describing future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title="defects">defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20homes" title=" new homes"> new homes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20association" title=" housing association"> housing association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20learning" title=" organizational learning"> organizational learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40006/reducing-defects-through-organizational-learning-within-a-housing-association-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3272</span> The Practice of Integrating Sustainable Elements into the Housing Industry in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wong%20Kean%20Hin">Wong Kean Hin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumarason%20A.%20L.%20V.%20Rasiah"> Kumarason A. L. V. Rasiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A building provides shelter and protection for an individual to live, work, sleep, procreate or engage in leisurely activities comfortably. Currently, a very popular term related to building was often stated by many parties, which is sustainability. A sustainable building is environmental friendly, healthy to the occupants, as well as efficient in electricity and water. This particular research is important to any parties that are involved in the construction industry. This research will provide the awareness and acceptability of Malaysian public towards sustainable residential building. It will also provide the developers about which sustainable features that the people usually want so that the developers can build a sustainable housing that suits the needs of people. Then, propose solutions to solve the difficulties of implementing sustainability in Malaysian housing industry. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used throughout the process of data collection. The quantitative research method was distribution of questionnaires to 100 Malaysian public and 50 individuals that worked in developer companies. Then, the qualitative method was an interview session with experienced personnel in Malaysian construction industry. From the data collected, there is increasingly Malaysian public and developers are aware about the existence of sustainability. Moreover, the public is willing to invest on sustainable residential building with minimum additional cost. However, there is a mismatch in between sustainable elements provided by developers and the public needs. Some recommendations to improve the progression of sustainability had been proposed in this study, which include laws enforcement, cooperation between the both government sector with private sector, and private sector with private sector, and learn from modern countries. These information will be helpful and useful for the future of sustainability development in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptability" title="acceptability">acceptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20housing%20industry" title=" Malaysian housing industry"> Malaysian housing industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20elements" title=" sustainable elements"> sustainable elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building%20index" title=" green building index "> green building index </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9644/the-practice-of-integrating-sustainable-elements-into-the-housing-industry-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3271</span> Performance Analysis of Air-Tunnel Heat Exchanger Integrated into Raft Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Yeh%20Hsu">Chien-Yeh Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Ching%20Chiang"> Yuan-Ching Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zi-Jie%20Chien"> Zi-Jie Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sih-Li%20Chen"> Sih-Li Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a field experiment and performance analysis of air-tunnel heat exchanger integrated with water-filled raft foundation of residential building were performed. In order to obtain better performance, conventional applications of air-tunnel inevitably have high initial cost or issues about insufficient installation space. To improve the feasibility of air tunnel heat exchanger in high-density housing, an integrated system consisting of air pipes immersed in the water-filled raft foundation was presented, taking advantage of immense amount of water and relatively stable temperature in raft foundation of building. The foundation-integrated air tunnel was applied to a residential building located in Yilan, Taiwan, and its thermal performance was measured in the field experiment. The results indicated that the cooling potential of integrated system was close to the potential of soil-based EAHE at 2 m depth or deeper. An analytical model based on thermal resistance method was validated by measurement results, and was used to carry out the dimensioning of foundation-integrated air tunnel. The discrepancies between calculated value and measured data were less than 2.7%. In addition, the return-on-investment with regard to thermal performance and economics of the application was evaluated. Because the installation for air tunnel is scheduled in the building foundation construction, the utilization of integrated system spends less construction cost compare to the conventional earth-air tunnel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20tunnel" title="air tunnel">air tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20heat%20exchanger" title=" ground heat exchanger"> ground heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raft%20foundation" title=" raft foundation"> raft foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53651/performance-analysis-of-air-tunnel-heat-exchanger-integrated-into-raft-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3270</span> Understanding Co-Living Experience through University Residential Halls - A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20W.%20T.%20Cheng">Michelle W. T. Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yau%20Y."> Yau Y.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hong Kong continues to be ranked as the least affordable housing market in the world, making co-living a feasible alternative in this high-density city. Although the number of co-living residences has increased in Hong Kong, co-living as a housing typology is still a new concept for many. Little research has been conducted on this new housing typology, let alone the co-living experience. To address this gap, this study targeted student residents in university residential halls as it is a more controlled environment (e.g., with established rules and guidelines regarding the use of communal facilitates and housing management) for studying co-living experiences in Hong Kong. To date, no research study has systematically identified anti-social behavior (ASB) in co-living spaces. Since ASB can be influenced by factors such as social norms and individual interpretation, it has an elastic definition that results in different levels of acceptance. Unlike other types of housing, co-living spaces can be potentially more influenced by the neighborhood as residents share more time and space. As a pilot study, this research targeted one university residential hall to examine student co-living experiences. To clarify, the research question is focused on identifying the social factors that impact the residential satisfaction of those who co-living in residential halls. Quantitative data (n=100) were collected via a structured questionnaire to measure the residential environment, including ASB, social neighboring, community attachment, and perceived hall management efficacy. The survey was distributed at the end of the academic year to ensure that respondents had at least one year of first-hand experience living in a co-living space. To gather qualitative data, follow-up focus group interviews were conducted with 16 participants who completed the survey. The semi-structured interviews aimed to elicit the participants' perspectives on their co-living experience. Through analyzing their co-living experiences, the researcher identified factors that affected their residential satisfaction and provided recommendations to enhance their co-living experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-living" title="co-living">co-living</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20residential%20hall" title=" university residential hall"> university residential hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-social%20behabiour" title=" anti-social behabiour"> anti-social behabiour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbour%20relationship" title=" neighbour relationship"> neighbour relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20attachement" title=" community attachement"> community attachement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166929/understanding-co-living-experience-through-university-residential-halls-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3269</span> Proposals for the Thermal Regulation of Buildings in Algeria: A New Energy Label for Social Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Morini">Marco Morini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolandrea%20Calabrese"> Nicolandrea Calabrese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dario%20Chello"> Dario Chello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the international commitment of Algeria towards the development of energy efficiency and renewable energy in the country, the internal energy demand has been continuously growing during the last decade due to the substantial increase of population and of living conditions, which in turn has led to an unprecedented expansion of the residential building sector. The thermal building regulation is the technical document that establishes the calculation framework for the thermal performance of buildings in Algeria, setting up minimum obligatory targets for the thermal performance of new buildings. An update of this regulation is due in the coming years, and this paper discusses some proposals in this regard, with the aim to improve the energy efficiency of the building sector, particularly with regard to social housing. In particular, it proposes a methodology for drafting an energy performance label of new Algerian residential buildings, moving from the results of the thermal compliance verification and sizing of technical systems as defined in the RTB. Such an energy performance label – whose calculation method is briefly described in the paper – aims to raise citizens' awareness of the benefits of energy efficiency. It can represent the first step in a process of integrating technical installations into the calculation of the energy performance of buildings in Algeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title="building">building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20certification" title=" energy certification"> energy certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20housing" title=" social housing"> social housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20cooperation" title=" international cooperation"> international cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mediterranean%20region" title=" Mediterranean region"> Mediterranean region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138652/proposals-for-the-thermal-regulation-of-buildings-in-algeria-a-new-energy-label-for-social-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3268</span> A New Investigation Technique for Improvement of the Cullet for Pottery Glaze</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benchalak%20Muangmeesri">Benchalak Muangmeesri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is experiment glaze from use cullet that is broken decayed from the used such as, glass bottle, windshield , etc. For seek raw material compensation that is raw material of the glaze in ceramic. The objective of the research for study the ratio of the glaze that is appropriate for glaze ceramic products and evaluate the experiment glaze on the vitreous china. The experiment has limits in using ceramic process such as, using calculation formula with triaxial, the empirical formula’s of Seger, and formula calculation is the percentage of the compound. for choose formula has will the possibility for glaze on vitreous china. The experiments in 108 triaxial can choose best formula and calculate is be left just 6 a formula for the calculation. The calculation is the percentage of the raw materials. Find that, three formulas in six formula there is percentage amount of the raw material that is cullet has the amount the little more 10 percentages then repeated experiment just three formulas. Overall, this research have three formulas for used its and we get all processes achieved and well done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cullet" title="cullet">cullet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaze" title=" glaze"> glaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pottery" title=" pottery"> pottery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title=" ceramic"> ceramic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2268/a-new-investigation-technique-for-improvement-of-the-cullet-for-pottery-glaze" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3267</span> Inequality and Poverty Assessment on Affordable Housing in Austria: A Comprehensive Perspective on SDG 1 and SDG 10 (UniNEtZ Project) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bukowski">M. Bukowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kreissl"> K. Kreissl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social and environmental pressures in our times bear threats that often cross-border in scale, such as climate change, poverty-driven migration, demographic change as well as socio-economic developments. One of the hot topics is prevailing in many societies across Europe and worldwide, concerns 'affordable housing' and poverty-driven international and domestic migration (including displacements through gentrification processes), focusing here on the urban and regional context. The right to adequate housing and shelter is one of the recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and as such considered as a human right of the second generation. The decreasing supply of affordable housing, especially in urban areas, has reached dimensions that have led to an increasing 'housing crisis'. This crisis, which has even reached middle-income homes, has an even more devastating impact on low income and poor households raising poverty levels. Therefore, the understanding of the connection between housing and poverty is vital to integrate and support the different stakeholders in order to tackle poverty. When it comes to issues of inequalities and poverty within the SDG framework, multi-faceted stakeholders with different claims, distribution of resources and interactions with other development goals (spill-over and trade-offs) account for a highly complex context. To contribute to a sustainable and fair society and hence to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the University of Salzburg participates in the Austrian-wide universities' network 'UniNEtZ'. Our joint target is to develop an options report for the Austrian Government regarding the seventeen SDGs, so far hosted by 18 Austrian universities. In this vein, the University of Salzburg; i.e., the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, the departments of Geography and Geology and the Department of Sociology and Political Science are focusing on the SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Our target and research focus is to assess and evaluate the status of SDG 1 and 10 in Austria, to find possible solutions and to support stakeholders' integration. We aim at generating and deducing appropriate options as scientific support, from interdisciplinary research studies to 'Sustainability Developing Goals and their Targets' in action. For this reason, and to deal with the complexity of the Agenda 2030, we have developed a special Model for Inequalities and Poverty Assessment (IPAM). Through the example of 'affordable housing' we provide insight into the situation focusing on sustainable outcomes, including ethical and justice perceptions. The IPAM has proven to be a helpful tool in detecting the different imponderables on the Agenda 2030, assessing the situation, showing gaps and options for ethical SDG actions combining different SDG targets. Supported by expert and expert group interviews, this assessment allows different stakeholders to overview a complex and dynamic SDG challenge (here housing) which is necessary to be involved in an action finding process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordable%20housing" title="affordable housing">affordable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development%20goals" title=" sustainable development goals"> sustainable development goals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117610/inequality-and-poverty-assessment-on-affordable-housing-in-austria-a-comprehensive-perspective-on-sdg-1-and-sdg-10-uninetz-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3266</span> Place-Making Theory behind Claremont Court</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Costa-Santos">Sandra Costa-Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Bertolino"> Nadia Bertolino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Hicks"> Stephen Hicks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanessa%20May"> Vanessa May</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camilla%20Lewis"> Camilla Lewis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to elaborate the architectural theory on place-making that supported Claremont Court housing scheme (Edinburgh, United Kingdom). Claremont Court (1959-62) is a large post-war mixed development housing scheme designed by Basil Spence, which included ‘place-making’ as one of its founding principles. Although some stylistic readings of the housing scheme have been published, the theory on place-making that allegedly ruled the design has yet to be clarified. The architecture allows us to mark or make a place within space in order to dwell. Under the framework of contemporary philosophical theories of place, this paper aims to explore the relationship between place and dwelling through a cross-disciplinary reading of Claremont Court, with a view to develop an architectural theory on place-making. Since dwelling represents the way we are immersed in our world in an existential manner, this theme is not just relevant for architecture but also for philosophy and sociology. The research in this work is interpretive-historic in nature. It examines documentary evidence of the original architectural design, together with relevant literature in sociology, history, and architecture, through the lens of theories of place. First, the paper explores how the dwelling types originally included in Claremont Court supported ideas of dwelling or meanings of home. Then, it traces shared space and social ties in order to study the symbolic boundaries that allow the creation of a collective identity or sense of belonging. Finally, the relation between the housing scheme and the supporting theory is identified. The findings of this research reveal Scottish architect Basil Spence’s exploration of the meaning of home, as he changed his approach to the mass housing while acting as President of the Royal Incorporation of British Architects (1958-60). When the British Government was engaged in various ambitious building programmes, he sought to drive architecture to a wider socio-political debate as president of the RIBA, hence moving towards a more ambitious and innovative socio-architectural approach. Rather than trying to address the ‘genius loci’ with an architectural proposition, as has been stated, the research shows that the place-making theory behind the housing scheme was supported by notions of community-based on shared space and dispositions. The design of the housing scheme was steered by a desire to foster social relations and collective identities, rather than by the idea of keeping the spirit of the place. This research is part of a cross-disciplinary project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. The findings present Claremont Court as a signifier of Basil Spence’s attempt to address the post-war political debate on housing in United Kingdom. They highlight the architect’s theoretical agenda and challenge current purely stylistic readings of Claremont Court as they fail to acknowledge its social relevance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20theory" title="architectural theory">architectural theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dwelling" title=" dwelling"> dwelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place-making" title=" place-making"> place-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-war%20housing" title=" post-war housing"> post-war housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55192/place-making-theory-behind-claremont-court" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3265</span> The Impacts of Gentrification in Transit-Oriented Development on Mode Choice and Equity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Apell">Steve Apell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a popular intervention for local governments endeavoring to reduce auto-dependency and the adverse effects of sprawl. At the same time, American households such as the millennial generation, are shifting their residential preferences from the suburbs to the central city. These changes have intensified demand for TOD housing which generates high rents. This leads to displacement of low-income, transit-dependent households by more affluent middle class families. Critics argue that, the effectiveness of TOD might be compromised as newer affluent residents drive more and use transit less. However, there has not been a comprehensive study to test this hypothesis. Using census data ( 1990 – 2012) from six metropolitans areas, this research investigated if block groups within one-mile radius of TOD are gentrifying. Our findings reveal that the price of housing and number of college graduates, increased more in TODs compared to the metropolitan area. Similarly, the percentage of immigrants increased in TOD, while those of blacks and whites declined. Most importantly, TOD residents generally commuted less by car, while transit use increased in some metropolitan areas. TOD in the south of the United States registered higher cost of housing and less transit use. These findings have significant implications for the future of equitable and sustainable transportation policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commuting" title="commuting">commuting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gentrification" title=" gentrification"> gentrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20choice" title=" mode choice"> mode choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transit%20oriented%20development" title=" transit oriented development"> transit oriented development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46606/the-impacts-of-gentrification-in-transit-oriented-development-on-mode-choice-and-equity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3264</span> Development of an Information System Based on the Establishment and Evaluation of Performance Rating by Application Part/Type of Remodeling Element Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungwon%20Jung">Sungwon Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The percentage of 20 years or older apartment houses in South Korea is approximately 20% (1.55 million houses), and the explosive increase of aged houses is expected around the first planned new towns. Accordingly, we should prepare for social issues such as difficulty of housing lease and degradation of housing performance. The improvement of performance of aged houses is essential for achieving the national energy and carbon reduction goals, and we should develop techniques to respond to the changing construction environment. Furthermore, we should develop a performance evaluation system that is appropriate for the demands of residents such as the improvement of remodeling floor plan by performance improvement in line with the residence type of the housing vulnerable groups such as low-income group and elderly people living alone. For this purpose, remodeling techniques and business models optimized for the target complexes must be spread through the development of various business models. In addition, it is necessary to improve the remodeling business by improving the laws and systems related to the improvement of the residential performance and to prepare techniques to respond to the increasing business demands. In other words, performance improvement and evaluation and knowledge systems need to be researched as new issues related to remodeling that has not been addressed in the existing research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remodelling" title="remodelling">remodelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20system" title=" web-based system"> web-based system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81930/development-of-an-information-system-based-on-the-establishment-and-evaluation-of-performance-rating-by-application-parttype-of-remodeling-element-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3263</span> Adaptive Design of Large Prefabricated Concrete Panels Collective Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20M.%20Muntean">Daniel M. Muntean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viorel%20Ungureanu"> Viorel Ungureanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than half of the urban population in Romania lives today in residential buildings made out of large prefabricated reinforced concrete panels. Since their initial design was made in the 1960’s, these housing units are now being technically and morally outdated, consuming large amounts of energy for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting, while failing to meet the needs of the contemporary life-style. Due to their widespread use, the design of a system that improves their energy efficiency would have a real impact, not only on the energy consumption of the residential sector, but also on the quality of life that it offers. Furthermore, with the transition of today’s existing power grid to a “smart grid”, buildings could become an active element for future electricity networks by contributing in micro-generation and energy storage. One of the most addressed issues today is to find locally adapted strategies that can be applied considering the 20-20-20 EU policy criteria and to offer sustainable and innovative solutions for the cost-optimal energy performance of buildings adapted on the existing local market. This paper presents a possible adaptive design scenario towards sustainable retrofitting of these housing units. The apartments are transformed in order to meet the current living requirements and additional extensions are placed on top of the building, replacing the unused roof space, acting not only as housing units, but as active solar energy collection systems. An adaptive building envelope is ensured in order to achieve overall air-tightness and an elevator system is introduced to facilitate access to the upper levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20building" title="adaptive building">adaptive building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofitting" title=" retrofitting"> retrofitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56228/adaptive-design-of-large-prefabricated-concrete-panels-collective-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3262</span> An Assessment of Redevelopment of Cessed Properties in the Island City of Mumbai, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palak%20Patel">Palak Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mumbai is one of the largest cities of the country with a population of 12.44 million over 437 Sq.km, and it is known as financial hub of India. In early 20th century, with the expansion of industrialization and growth of port, a huge demand for housing was created. In response to this, government enacted rent controls. Over a period of time, due to rent controls, the existing rental housing stock has deteriorated. Therefore, in last 25 years, government has been focusing on redevelopment of these rental buildings, also called ‘Cessed buildings’, in order to provide better standard of living to the tenants and also, to supply new housing units in the market. In India, developers are the main players in the housing market as they are the supplier of maximum dwelling units in the market. Hence, government attempts are inclined toward facilitating developers for the cessed building redevelopment projects by incentivizing them through making special provisions in the development control regulations. This research focuses on the entire process of redevelopment by the developers and issues faced by the related stakeholders in the same to reduce the stress on housing. It also highlights the loopholes in the current system and inefficient functioning of the process. The research was carried out by interviewing various developers, tenants and landlords in the island city who have already gone through redevelopment. From the case studies, it is very evident that redevelopment is undoubtedly a huge profit making business. In some cases, developers make profit of almost double the amount of the investment. But yet, satisfactory results are not seen on ground. It clearly indicates that there are some issues faced by developers which have not been addressed. Some of these issues include cumbersome legal procedures, negotiations with landlords and tenants, congestion and narrow roads, small size of the plots, informal practicing of ‘Pagdi system’ and financial viability of the project. This research recommends the up gradation of the existing cessed buildings by sharing the repairing and maintenance cost between landlords and tenants and also, income levels of tenants can be traced and housing vouchers or incentives can be provided to those who actual need it so that landlord does not have to subsidize the tenants. For redevelopment, the current interventions are generalized in nature as it does not take on ground issues into the consideration. There is need to identify local issues and give area specific solutions. And also, government should play a role of mediator to ensure all the stakeholders are satisfied and project gets completed on time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cessed%20buildings" title="cessed buildings">cessed buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developers" title=" developers"> developers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%E2%80%99s%20interventions" title=" government’s interventions"> government’s interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redevelopment" title=" redevelopment"> redevelopment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rent%20controls" title=" rent controls"> rent controls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tenants" title=" tenants"> tenants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78963/an-assessment-of-redevelopment-of-cessed-properties-in-the-island-city-of-mumbai-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3261</span> Mapping Cultural Continuity and the Creation of a New Architectural Heritage in the 21st Century: The Case of Ksar Tafilelt, M’Zab Valley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjer%20Messabih">Hadjer Messabih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The M’zab architecture has preserved its identity that was able to endure for centuries conserving practically the same way of life and the same building techniques since the 11th century. Even more, the newly built ksar Tafilelt is also designed to meet the local tradition. In 1996, a community led project was initiated to build a “new ksar” named Tafilelt based on a traditional form of community-led cooperative housing. It is a unique experience in the field of community housing that reproduces traditional architectural patterns while addressing contemporary ways of life with their expected modern comfort. This research is based on the hypothesis that the process of producing ksar Tafilelt is culturally responsive to a conservative community that was characterized by certain values which were transmitted to this ksar manifesting as cultural continuity. It aims at investigating what type of cultural continuity manifests itself in the co-production of ksar Tafilelt and the way the settlement and its houses are produced and inhabited, as well as the new emerging values and adaptive transition in social relations. The research methodology is based on a combination of questionnaires, in depth interviews, photography, and site visit to record and demonstrate how these buildings respond to peoples’ needs. Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is also employed in order to understand the lessons that can be learned from this project. Finally, this study proves that the cultural continuity that was transmitted from the Ibadi community is sill manifested in ksar Tafilelt, which provided strong religious bonds and a strong sense of community. The research findings have resulted in a number of lessons and principles that can be learnt from the project of ksar Tafilelt which can inform future practices of housing provision and design in Algeria and other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-led%20cooperative%20housing" title="community-led cooperative housing">community-led cooperative housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservative%20community" title=" conservative community"> conservative community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20continuity" title=" cultural continuity"> cultural continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20occupancy%20evaluation" title=" post occupancy evaluation"> post occupancy evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119020/mapping-cultural-continuity-and-the-creation-of-a-new-architectural-heritage-in-the-21st-century-the-case-of-ksar-tafilelt-mzab-valley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3260</span> Smart Architecture and Sustainability in the Built Environment for the Hatay Refugee Camp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammed%20Ali%20Lmbash">Ali Mohammed Ali Lmbash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global refugee crisis points to the vital need for sustainable and resistant solutions to different kinds of problems for displaced persons all over the world. Among the myriads of sustainable concerns, however, there are diverse considerations including energy consumption, waste management, water access, and resiliency of structures. Our research aims to develop distinct ideas for sustainable architecture given the exigent problems in disaster-threatened areas starting with the Hatay Refugee camp in Turkey where the majority of the camp dwellers are Syrian refugees. Commencing community-based participatory research which focuses on the socio-environmental issues of displaced populations, this study will apply two approaches with a specific focus on the Hatay region. The initial experiment uses Richter's predictive model and simulations to forecast earthquake outcomes in refugee campers. The result could be useful in implementing architectural design tactics that enhance structural reliability and ensure the security and safety of shelters through earthquakes. In the second experiment a model is generated which helps us in predicting the quality of the existing water sources and since we understand how greatly water is vital for the well-being of humans, we do it. This research aims to enable camp administrators to employ forward-looking practices while managing water resources and thus minimizing health risks as well as building resilience of the refugees in the Hatay area. On the other side, this research assesses other sustainability problems of Hatay Refugee Camp as well. As energy consumption becomes the major issue, housing developers are required to consider energy-efficient designs as well as feasible integration of renewable energy technologies to minimize the environmental impact and improve the long-term sustainability of housing projects. Waste management is given special attention in this case by imposing recycling initiatives and waste reduction measures to reduce the pace of environmental degradation in the camp's land area. As well, study gives an insight into the social and economic reality of the camp, investigating the contribution of initiatives such as urban agriculture or vocational training to the enhancement of livelihood and community empowerment. In a similar fashion, this study combines the latest research with practical experience in order to contribute to the continuing discussion on sustainable architecture during disaster relief, providing recommendations and info that can be adapted on every scale worldwide. Through collaborative efforts and a dedicated sustainability approach, we can jointly get to the root of the cause and work towards a far more robust and equitable society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20architecture" title="smart architecture">smart architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatay%20Camp" title=" Hatay Camp"> Hatay Camp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning." title=" machine learning."> machine learning.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185949/smart-architecture-and-sustainability-in-the-built-environment-for-the-hatay-refugee-camp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3259</span> A Preliminary Research on Constituted Rules of Settlement Housing Alterations of Chinese New Village in Malaysia: A Study of Ampang New Village, Selangor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Hung%20Chi">Song Hung Chi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Chun%20Benn"> Lee Chun Benn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Follow by the “A Research on Types of Settlement Housing Alterations of Chinese New Village in Malaysia- A Study in Ampang New Village, Selangor” preliminary informed that the main factors for expansion and enlargement suitably due to the needs of user's life and restoration purpose. The alterations behavior generally derived at the rear position of main house with different types of derivatives, the averages expansion area are not exceeding of 100㎡, while building materials used were wooden, wooden structure, and zinc which are non-permanent building materials. Therefore, a subsequent studies taken in this paper, further to analyze the drawing with summarize method, to explore the derived forms and the constituted rules of housing alterations in Ampang Village, as a more complete presentation of housing alterations in New Village. Firstly, classified the existing housing alterations into three types by using summarize method, which are Type 1, Additional of Prototype House; Type 2, Expansion of Prototype House; and Type 3, Diffusion of Additional. The results shows that the derivative mode of alterations can be divided into the use of "continuous wall" or "non-continuous wall," this will affects the structural systems and roof styles of alterations, and formed the different layers of interior space with "stages" and "continuity". On the aspects of spatial distribution, sacrificial area as a prescriptive function of space, it was mostly remains in the original location which in the center of living area after alterations. It is an important characteristic in a New Village house, reflecting the traditional Ethics of Hakka Chinese communities in the settlement. In addition, wooden as the main building materials of constituted rules for the prototype house, although there were appeared other building materials, such as cement, brick, glass, metal and zinc after alterations, but still mostly as "wooden house" pattern. Result show because of the economy of village does not significantly improve, and also forming the similarity types in alterations and constructions of the additional building with the existing. It did not significantly improve on the quality of living, but only increased the area of usage space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ampang%20new%20village" title="Ampang new village">Ampang new village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derived%20forms" title=" derived forms"> derived forms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constituted%20rules" title=" constituted rules"> constituted rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alterations" title=" alterations"> alterations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19387/a-preliminary-research-on-constituted-rules-of-settlement-housing-alterations-of-chinese-new-village-in-malaysia-a-study-of-ampang-new-village-selangor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3258</span> Comparison between FEM Simulation and Experiment of Temperature Rise in Power Transformer Inner Steel Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20hyun%20Bae">Byung hyun Bae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In power transformer, leakage magnetic flux generate temperature rise of inner steel plate. Sometimes, this temperature rise can be serious problem. If temperature of steel plate is over critical point, harmful gas will be generated in the tank. And this gas can be a reason of fire, explosion and life decrease. So, temperature rise forecasting of steel plate is very important at the design stage of power transformer. To improve accuracy of forecasting of temperature rise, comparison between simulation and experiment achieved in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformer" title="power transformer">power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20plate" title=" steel plate"> steel plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20rise" title=" temperature rise"> temperature rise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12749/comparison-between-fem-simulation-and-experiment-of-temperature-rise-in-power-transformer-inner-steel-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3257</span> A Study on the Correlation Analysis between the Pre-Sale Competition Rate and the Apartment Unit Plan Factor through Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seongjun%20Kim">Seongjun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwooung%20Kim"> Jinwooung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Ah%20Kim"> Sung-Ah Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of information and communication technology also affects human cognition and thinking, especially in the field of design, new techniques are being tried. In architecture, new design methodologies such as machine learning or data-driven design are being applied. In particular, these methodologies are used in analyzing the factors related to the value of real estate or analyzing the feasibility in the early planning stage of the apartment housing. However, since the value of apartment buildings is often determined by external factors such as location and traffic conditions, rather than the interior elements of buildings, data is rarely used in the design process. Therefore, although the technical conditions are provided, the internal elements of the apartment are difficult to apply the data-driven design in the design process of the apartment. As a result, the designers of apartment housing were forced to rely on designer experience or modular design alternatives rather than data-driven design at the design stage, resulting in a uniform arrangement of space in the apartment house. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology to support the designers to design the apartment unit plan with high consumer preference by deriving the correlation and importance of the floor plan elements of the apartment preferred by the consumers through the machine learning and reflecting this information from the early design process. The data on the pre-sale competition rate and the elements of the floor plan are collected as data, and the correlation between pre-sale competition rate and independent variables is analyzed through machine learning. This analytical model can be used to review the apartment unit plan produced by the designer and to assist the designer. Therefore, it is possible to make a floor plan of apartment housing with high preference because it is possible to feedback apartment unit plan by using trained model when it is used in floor plan design of apartment housing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apartment%20unit%20plan" title="apartment unit plan">apartment unit plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20design" title=" data-driven design"> data-driven design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20methodology" title=" design methodology"> design methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72964/a-study-on-the-correlation-analysis-between-the-pre-sale-competition-rate-and-the-apartment-unit-plan-factor-through-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3256</span> Tracing a Timber Breakthrough: A Qualitative Study of the Introduction of Cross-Laminated-Timber to the Student Housing Market in Norway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marius%20Nygaard">Marius Nygaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ona%20Flindall"> Ona Flindall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Palisaden student housing project was completed in August 2013 and was, with its eight floors, Norway’s tallest timber building at the time of completion. It was the first time cross-laminated-timber (CLT) was utilized at this scale in Norway. The project was the result of a concerted effort by a newly formed management company to establish CLT as a sustainable and financially competitive alternative to conventional steel and concrete systems. The introduction of CLT onto the student housing market proved so successful that by 2017 more than 4000 individual student residences will have been built using the same model of development and construction. The aim of this paper is to identify the key factors that enabled this breakthrough for CLT. It is based on an in-depth study of a series of housing projects and the role of the management company who both instigated and enabled this shift of CLT from the margin to the mainstream. Specifically, it will look at how a new building system was integrated into a marketing strategy that identified a market potential within the existing structure of the construction industry and within the economic restrictions inherent to student housing in Norway. It will show how a key player established a project model that changed both the patterns of cooperation and the information basis for decisions. Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers, contractors and the interdisciplinary teams of consultants (architects, structural engineers, acoustical experts etc.) this paper will trace the introduction, expansion and evolution of CLT-based building systems in the student housing market. It will show how the project management firm’s position in the value chain enabled them to function both as a liaison between contractor and client, and between contractor and producer. A position that allowed them to improve the flow of information. This ensured that CLT was handled on equal terms to other structural solutions in the project specifications, enabling realistic pricing and risk evaluation. Secondly, this paper will describe and discuss how the project management firm established and interacted with a growing network of contractors, architects and engineers to pool expertise and broaden the knowledge base across Norway’s regional markets. Finally, it will examine the role of the client, the building typology, and the industrial and technological factors in achieving this breakthrough for CLT in the construction industry. This paper gives an in-depth view of the progression of a single case rather than a broad description of the state of the art of large-scale timber building in Norway. However, this type of study may offer insights that are important to the understanding not only of specific markets but also of how new technologies should be introduced in big and well-established industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated-timber%20%28CLT%29" title="cross-laminated-timber (CLT)">cross-laminated-timber (CLT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20breakthrough" title=" industry breakthrough"> industry breakthrough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing" title=" student housing"> student housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20market" title=" timber market"> timber market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495/tracing-a-timber-breakthrough-a-qualitative-study-of-the-introduction-of-cross-laminated-timber-to-the-student-housing-market-in-norway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3255</span> Changing Arbitrary Data Transmission Period by Using Bluetooth Module on Gas Sensor Node of Arduino Board</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiesik%20Kim">Hiesik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Beom%20Kim"> Yong-Beom Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaheon%20Gu"> Jaheon Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internet of Things (IoT) applications are widely serviced and spread worldwide. Local wireless data transmission technique must be developed to rate up with some technique. Bluetooth wireless data communication is wireless technique is technique made by Special Inter Group (SIG) using the frequency range 2.4 GHz, and it is exploiting Frequency Hopping to avoid collision with a different device. To implement experiment, equipment for experiment transmitting measured data is made by using Arduino as open source hardware, gas sensor, and Bluetooth module and algorithm controlling transmission rate is demonstrated. Experiment controlling transmission rate also is progressed by developing Android application receiving measured data, and controlling this rate is available at the experiment result. It is important that in the future, improvement for communication algorithm be needed because a few error occurs when data is transferred or received. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bluetooth" title=" Bluetooth"> Bluetooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission" title=" transmission"> transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71867/changing-arbitrary-data-transmission-period-by-using-bluetooth-module-on-gas-sensor-node-of-arduino-board" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3254</span> Intentional Learning vs Incidental Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Ahmed">Shahbaz Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is conducted to demonstrate the knowledge of intentional learning and incidental learning. Hypothesis of this experiment is intentional learning is better than incidental learning, participants were demonstrated and were asked to learn the 10 nonsense syllables in a specific sequence from the colored cards in the end they were asked to recall the background color of each card instead of nonsense syllables. Independent variables of the experiment are the colored cards containing nonsense syllables which are to be memorized by the participants, dependent variables are the number of correct responses made by the participant. The findings of the experiment concluded that intentional learning is better than incidental learning, hence hypothesis is proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intentional%20learning" title="intentional learning">intentional learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidental%20learning" title=" incidental learning"> incidental learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-sense%20syllable%20cards" title=" non-sense syllable cards"> non-sense syllable cards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=score%20sheets" title=" score sheets"> score sheets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33491/intentional-learning-vs-incidental-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3253</span> Causes and Effects of the 2012 Flood Disaster on Affected Communities in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulquadri%20Ade%20Bilau">Abdulquadri Ade Bilau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Ajayi%20Jimoh"> Richard Ajayi Jimoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adejoh%20Amodu%20Adaji"> Adejoh Amodu Adaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing exposures to natural hazards have continued to severely impair on the built environment causing huge fatalities, mass damage and destruction of housing and civil infrastructure while leaving psychosocial impacts on affected communities. The 2012 flood disaster in Nigeria which affected over 7 million inhabitants in 30 of the 36 states resulted in 363 recorded fatalities with about 600,000 houses and a number of civil infrastructure damaged or destroyed. In Kogi State, over 500 thousand people were displaced in 9 out of the 21 local government affected while Ibaji and Lokoja local governments were worst hit. This study identifies the causes and 2012 flood disasters and its effect on housing and livelihood. Personal observation and questionnaire survey were instruments used in carrying out the study and data collected were analysed using descriptive statistical tool. Findings show that the 2012 flood disaster was aided by the gap in hydrological data, sudden dam failure, and inadequate drainage capacity to reduce flood risk. The study recommends that communities residing along the river banks in Lokoja and Ibaji LGAs must be adequately educated on their exposure to flood hazard and mitigation and risk reduction measures such as construction of adequate drainage channel are constructed in affected communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title="flood">flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazards" title=" hazards"> hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20reduction" title=" risk reduction"> risk reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45418/causes-and-effects-of-the-2012-flood-disaster-on-affected-communities-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3252</span> Research on Land Use Pattern and Employment-Housing Space of Coastal Industrial Town Based on the Investigation of Liaoning Province, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Chen">Fei Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Lu"> Wei Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Cai"> Jun Cai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the Twelve Five period, China promulgated industrial policies promoting the relocation of energy-intensive industries to coastal areas in order to utilize marine shipping resources. Consequently, some major state-owned steel and gas enterprises have relocated and resulted in a large-scale coastal area development. However, some land may have been over-exploited with seamless coastline projects. To balance between employment and housing, new industrial coastal towns were constructed to support the industrial-led development. In this paper, we adopt a case-study approach to closely examine the development of several new industrial coastal towns of Liaoning Province situated in the Bohai Bay area, which is currently under rapid economic growth. Our investigations reflect the common phenomenon of long distance commuting and a massive amount of vacant residences. More specifically, large plant relocation caused hundreds of kilometers of daily commute and enterprises had to provide housing subsidies and education incentives to motivate employees to relocate to coastal areas. Nonetheless, many employees still refuse to relocate due to job stability, diverse needs of family members and access to convenient services. These employees averaged 4 hours of commute daily and some who lived further had to reside in temporary industrial housing units and subject to long-term family separation. As a result, only a small portion of employees purchase new coastal residences but mostly for investment and retirement purposes, leading to massive vacancy and ghost-town phenomenon. In contrast to the low demand, coastal areas tend to develop large amount of residences prior to industrial relocation, which may be directly related to local government finances. Some local governments have sold residential land to developers to general revenue to support the subsequent industrial development. Subject to the strong preference of ocean-view, residential housing developers tend to select coast-line land to construct new residential towns, which further reduces the access of marine resources for major industrial enterprises. This violates the original intent of developing industrial coastal towns and drastically limits the availability of marine resources. Lastly, we analyze the co-existence of over-exploiting residential areas and massive vacancies in reference to the demand and supply of land, as well as the demand of residential housing units with the choice criteria of enterprise employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20industry%20town" title="coastal industry town">coastal industry town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commuter%20traffic" title=" commuter traffic"> commuter traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment-housing%20space" title=" employment-housing space"> employment-housing space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outer%20suburb%20industrial%20area" title=" outer suburb industrial area"> outer suburb industrial area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72534/research-on-land-use-pattern-and-employment-housing-space-of-coastal-industrial-town-based-on-the-investigation-of-liaoning-province-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3251</span> The Effect of ‘Love Accounting’ on Gift Budgeting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanan%20Wang">Yanan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is proposed that when people give a gift they engage in 'love accounting', so that they will spend less on it if they include a written expression of love with it. This hypothesis was tested with college students (N = 308). It was found that participants who wrote a love message to accompany a Mother's Day gift budgeted less for the gift itself than control participants (Experiment 1), and this effect was replicated for a Christmas gift (Experiment 2). The amount of effort expended by the giver on preparing the love message did not account for the effect (Experiment 3). It is concluded that a gift and its accompanying love message are mentally computed as belonging to the same love account, implying that consumers’ excessive splurging on gifts might be controlled by writing a love message before gift shopping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression%20of%20love" title="expression of love">expression of love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gift-giving" title=" gift-giving"> gift-giving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gift-budgeting" title=" gift-budgeting"> gift-budgeting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20accounting" title=" mental accounting"> mental accounting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40374/the-effect-of-love-accounting-on-gift-budgeting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3250</span> Speed-Up Data Transmission by Using Bluetooth Module on Gas Sensor Node of Arduino Board</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiesik%20Kim">Hiesik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YongBeum%20Kim"> YongBeum Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internet of Things (IoT) applications are widely serviced and spread worldwide. Local wireless data transmission technique must be developed to speed up with some technique. Bluetooth wireless data communication is wireless technique is technique made by Special Inter Group(SIG) using the frequency range 2.4 GHz, and it is exploiting Frequency Hopping to avoid collision with different device. To implement experiment, equipment for experiment transmitting measured data is made by using Arduino as Open source hardware, Gas sensor, and Bluetooth Module and algorithm controlling transmission speed is demonstrated. Experiment controlling transmission speed also is progressed by developing Android Application receiving measured data, and controlling this speed is available at the experiment result. it is important that in the future, improvement for communication algorithm be needed because few error occurs when data is transferred or received. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bluetooth" title=" Bluetooth"> Bluetooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20Speed" title=" transmission Speed"> transmission Speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65582/speed-up-data-transmission-by-using-bluetooth-module-on-gas-sensor-node-of-arduino-board" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3249</span> Effects of ECCS on the Cold-Leg Fluid Temperature during SGTR Accidents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadashi%20Watanabe">Tadashi Watanabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The LSTF experiment simulating the SGTR accident at the Mihama Unit-2 reactor is analyzed using the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code. In the accident and thus in the experiment, the ECC water was injected not only into the cold legs but into the upper plenum. Overall transients during the experiment such as pressures and fluid temperatures are simulated well by the code. The cold-leg fluid temperatures are shown to decrease if the upper plenum injection system is connected to the cold leg. It is found that the cold-leg fluid temperatures also decrease if the upper-plenum injection is not used and the cold-leg injection alone is actuated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SGTR" title="SGTR">SGTR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSTF" title=" LSTF"> LSTF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RELAP5" title=" RELAP5"> RELAP5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECCS" title=" ECCS"> ECCS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30723/effects-of-eccs-on-the-cold-leg-fluid-temperature-during-sgtr-accidents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">666</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3248</span> Satisfaction Evaluation on the Fundamental Public Services for a Large-Scale Indemnificatory Residential Community: A Case Study of Nanjing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dezhi%20Li">Dezhi Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Cui"> Peng Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Zhang"> Bo Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengyuan%20Chang"> Tengyuan Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to solve the housing problem for the low-income families, the construction of affordable housing is booming in China. However, due to various reasons, the service facilities and systems in the indemnificatory residential community meet many problems. This article established a Satisfaction Evaluation System of the Fundamental Public Services for Large-scale Indemnificatory Residential Community based on the national standards and local criteria and developed evaluation methods and processes. At last, in the case of Huagang project in Nanjing, the satisfaction of basic public service is calculated according to a survey of local residents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indemnificatory%20residential%20community" title="indemnificatory residential community">indemnificatory residential community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20services" title=" public services"> public services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction%20evaluation" title=" satisfaction evaluation"> satisfaction evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modeling" title=" structural equation modeling"> structural equation modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56683/satisfaction-evaluation-on-the-fundamental-public-services-for-a-large-scale-indemnificatory-residential-community-a-case-study-of-nanjing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3247</span> A Study on the Construction Process and Sustainable Renewal Development of High-Rise Residential Areas in Chongqing (1978-2023)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoting%20Jing">Xiaoting Jing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Huang"> Ling Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the reform and opening up, Chongqing has formed far more high-rise residential areas than other cities in its more than 40 years of urban construction. High-rise residential areas have become one of the main modern living models in Chongqing and an important carrier reflecting the city's high quality of life. Reviewing the construction process and renewal work helps understand the characteristics of high-rise residential areas in Chongqing at different stages, clarify current development demands, and look forward to the focus of future renewal work. Based on socio-economic development and policy background, the article sorts the construction process of high-rise residential areas in Chongqing into four stages: the early experimental construction period of high-rise residential areas (1978-1996), the rapid start-up period of high-rise commodity housing construction (1997-2006), the large-scale construction period of high-rise commodity housing and public rental housing (2007-2014), and the period of renewal and renovation of high-rise residential areas and step-by-step construction of quality commodity housing (2015-present). Based on the construction demands and main construction types of each stage, the article summarizes that the construction of high-rise residential areas in Chongqing features large scale, high speed, and high density. It points out that a large number of high-rise residential areas built after 2000 will become important objects of renewal and renovation in the future. Based on existing renewal work experience, it is urgent to explore a path for sustainable renewal and development in terms of policy mechanisms, digital supervision, and renewal and renovation models, leading the high-rise living in Chongqing toward high-quality development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20residential%20areas" title="high-rise residential areas">high-rise residential areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20process" title=" construction process"> construction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewal%20and%20renovation" title=" renewal and renovation"> renewal and renovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongqing" title=" Chongqing"> Chongqing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184040/a-study-on-the-construction-process-and-sustainable-renewal-development-of-high-rise-residential-areas-in-chongqing-1978-2023" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20experiment&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20experiment&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20experiment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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