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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugrem" title="Lugrem – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lugrem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_(%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مكبح هوائي (طيران) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكبح هوائي (طيران)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamick%C3%A1_brzda" title="Aerodynamická brzda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aerodynamická brzda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftbremse" title="Luftbremse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luftbremse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftbremse" title="Luftbremse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luftbremse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freno_de_aire_(aeron%C3%A1utica)" title="Freno de aire (aeronáutica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Freno de aire (aeronáutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9rofrein" title="Aérofrein – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aérofrein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rem_udara_(aeronautika)" title="Rem udara (aeronautika) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rem udara (aeronautika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerofreno" title="Aerofreno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aerofreno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8" title="מעצור אוויר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעצור אוויר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9klap" title="Féklap – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Féklap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remklep" title="Remklep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Remklep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Аэродинамикин тормоз – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аэродинамикин тормоз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamulec_aerodynamiczny" title="Hamulec aerodynamiczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hamulec aerodynamiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freio_aerodin%C3%A2mico" title="Freio aerodinâmico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Freio aerodinâmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Аэродинамический тормоз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аэродинамический тормоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamick%C3%A1_brzda" title="Aerodynamická brzda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aerodynamická brzda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zra%C4%8Dna_zavora" title="Zračna zavora – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zračna zavora" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flight control surface meant to increase drag</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aerobraking" title="Aerobraking">Aerobraking</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)" title="Air brake (road vehicle)">Air brake (road vehicle)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg/220px-Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg/330px-Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg/440px-Eurowings_bae146-300_d-aewb_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1398" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Air brakes on the rear fuselage of a <a href="/wiki/Eurowings" title="Eurowings">Eurowings</a> <a href="/wiki/Bae_146" class="mw-redirect" title="Bae 146">BAe 146-300</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg/220px-CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg/330px-CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg/440px-CONVAIR_F-106A_DELTA_DART_Air_Brake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">Convair F-106 Delta Dart</a> air brake deployed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg/220px-416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg/330px-416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg/440px-416th_FLTS_F-16_at_Red_Flag_12-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A U.S. Air Force <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> showing its split speed brakes inboard of the <a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">stabilators</a> or "tailerons"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg/220px-F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg/330px-F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg/440px-F-15_Eagle_landing_with_the_speed_brake_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/F-15" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15">F-15</a> landing with its large dorsal air brake panel deployed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg/220px-Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg/330px-Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg/440px-Airbrakes_on_Capstan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Extended <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsanstalt_f%C3%BCr_Segelflug" title="Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug">DFS</a> type air brakes on a <a href="/wiki/Slingsby_Capstan" title="Slingsby Capstan">Slingsby Capstan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a>, <b>air brakes</b> or <b>speed brakes</b> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Flight_control_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight control surface">flight control surface</a> used on an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> to increase the <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> on the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When extended into the airstream, air brakes cause an increase in the drag on the aircraft. When not in use, they conform to the local streamlined profile of the aircraft in order to help minimize drag.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Air brakes differ from <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(aeronautics)" title="Spoiler (aeronautics)">spoilers</a> in that air brakes are designed to increase <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic drag">drag</a> while making little change to <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a>, whereas spoilers reduce the <a href="/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio" title="Lift-to-drag ratio">lift-to-drag ratio</a> and require a higher <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a> to maintain lift, resulting in a higher <a href="/wiki/Stall_speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall speed">stall speed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early decades of powered flight, air brakes were flaps mounted on the wings. They were manually controlled by a lever in the cockpit, and mechanical linkages to the air brake. </p><p>An early type of air brake, developed in 1931, was fitted to the aircraft wing support struts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jacobs" title="Hans Jacobs">Hans Jacobs</a>, who headed Nazi Germany's <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsanstalt_f%C3%BCr_Segelflug" title="Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug">Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug</a></i> (DFS) glider research organization before World War II, developed blade-style self-operating dive brakes, on the upper and lower surface of each wing, for gliders.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most early <a href="/wiki/Glider_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Glider aircraft">gliders</a> were equipped with spoilers on the wings in order to adjust their angle of descent during approach to landing. More modern gliders use air brakes that may spoil lift as well as increase drag, dependent on where they are positioned. </p><p>A British report<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written in 1942 discusses the need for <a href="/wiki/Dive_brake" title="Dive brake">dive brakes</a> to enable dive bombers, torpedo bombers and fighter aircraft to meet their respective combat performance requirements and, more generally, glide-path control. It discusses different types of air brakes and their requirements, in particular that they should have no appreciable effect on lift or trim and how this may be achieved with split trailing edge flaps on the wings, for example. There was also a requirement to vent the brake surfaces using numerous perforations or slots to reduce airframe buffeting. </p><p>A US report<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written in 1949 describes numerous air brake configurations, and their performance, on wings and fuselage for propeller and jet aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_brake_configurations">Air brake configurations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Air brake configurations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often, characteristics of both spoilers and air brakes are desirable and are combined - most modern <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliner</a> jets feature combined spoiler and air brake controls. On landing, the deployment of these spoilers ("lift dumpers") causes a significant reduction in wing lift, so the weight of the aircraft is transferred from the wings to the undercarriage. The increased weight increases the available friction force for braking. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Form_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Form drag">form drag</a> created by the spoilers directly assists the braking effect. <a href="/wiki/Reverse_thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse thrust">Reverse thrust</a> is also used to help slow the aircraft after landing.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtually all jet-powered aircraft have an air brake or, in the case of most airliners, lift spoilers that also act as air brakes. Propeller-driven aircraft benefit from the natural braking effect of the propeller when engine power is reduced to idle, but jet engines have no similar braking effect, so jet-powered aircraft must use air brakes to control speed and descent angle during landing approach. Many early jets used parachutes as air brakes on approach (<a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_234" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 234">Arado Ar 234</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing B-47">Boeing B-47</a>) or after landing (<a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Lightning" title="English Electric Lightning">English Electric Lightning</a>). </p><p>Split-tailcone air brakes have been used on the <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Buccaneer" title="Blackburn Buccaneer">Blackburn Buccaneer</a> naval strike aircraft designed in the 1950s and <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F28_Fellowship" title="Fokker F28 Fellowship">Fokker F28 Fellowship</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_146" title="British Aerospace 146">British Aerospace 146</a> airliners. The Buccaneer air brake, when opened, reduced the length of the aircraft in the confined space on an <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/F-15_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="F-15 Eagle">F-15 Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Sukhoi Su-27</a>, <a href="/wiki/F-18" class="mw-redirect" title="F-18">F-18 Hornet</a> and other fighters have an air brake located just behind the <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Split_control_surfaces">Split control surfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Split control surfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg/220px-STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg/330px-STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg/440px-STS-116_landing_port_behind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle Discovery</a> on landing, showing its rudder deployed in speed brake mode</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Deceleron" title="Deceleron">deceleron</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">aileron</a> that functions normally in flight but can split in half such that the top half goes up as the bottom half goes down to brake. This technique was first used on the <a href="/wiki/F-89_Scorpion" class="mw-redirect" title="F-89 Scorpion">F-89 Scorpion</a> and has since been used by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop</a> on several aircraft, including the <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> used a similar system. The vertically split rudder opened in "clamshell" fashion on landing to act as a speed brake.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_braking_systems" title="List of aircraft braking systems">List of aircraft braking systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogue_parachute" title="Drogue parachute">Drogue parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversal" title="Thrust reversal">Thrust reversal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWragg1973" class="citation book cs1">Wragg, David W. (1973). <i>A Dictionary of Aviation</i> (first ed.). Osprey. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850451634" title="Special:BookSources/9780850451634"><bdi>9780850451634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Aviation&rft.pages=13&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780850451634&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aircraft Design, Kundu 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B0%2B521%2B88516%2B4" title="Special:BookSources/978+0+521+88516+4">978 0 521 88516 4</a>, p.283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/speed-brake">"Speed brake"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Speed+brake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fspeed-brake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCgDAAAAMBAJ">"Air Brakes for Planes Greatly Reduce the Landing Speed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i>. Vol. 122, no. 1. January 1933. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=Air+Brakes+for+Planes+Greatly+Reduce+the+Landing+Speed&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1933-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCgDAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitsch1997" class="citation book cs1">Reitsch, Hanna (April 1997) [1955]. <i>The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German WWII Test-Pilot (Greenhill Military Paperback)</i>. Stackpole Books. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853672620" title="Special:BookSources/9781853672620"><bdi>9781853672620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sky+My+Kingdom%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Famous+German+WWII+Test-Pilot+%28Greenhill+Military+Paperback%29&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=1997-04&rft.isbn=9781853672620&rft.aulast=Reitsch&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesKirk1942" class="citation web cs1">Davies, H.; Kirk, F. N. (June 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/reports/arc/rm/2614.pdf">"A Résumé of Aerodynamic Data on Air Brakes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical Report). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9+of+Aerodynamic+Data+on+Air+Brakes&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Supply&rft.date=1942-06&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Kirk%2C+F.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaca.central.cranfield.ac.uk%2Freports%2Farc%2Frm%2F2614.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson1949" class="citation web cs1">Stephenson, Jack D. (September 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930082614.pdf">"The Effects of Aerodynamic Brakes Upon the Speed Characteristics of Airplanes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical Note). <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Effects+of+Aerodynamic+Brakes+Upon+the+Speed+Characteristics+of+Airplanes&rft.pub=NACA&rft.date=1949-09&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19930082614.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Spoilers_And_Speedbrakes">"Spoilers And Speedbrakes - SKYbrary Aviation Safety"</a>. <i>www.skybrary.aero</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skybrary.aero&rft.atitle=Spoilers+And+Speedbrakes+-+SKYbrary+Aviation+Safety&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skybrary.aero%2Findex.php%2FSpoilers_And_Speedbrakes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207170936/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts_coord.html#vertical_tail">"Extract from NSTS Shuttle Reference Manual (1988): Space Shuttle Coordinate System – Vertical Tail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts_coord.html#vertical_tail">the original</a> on 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extract+from+NSTS+Shuttle+Reference+Manual+%281988%29%3A+Space+Shuttle+Coordinate+System+%E2%80%93+Vertical+Tail&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.ksc.nasa.gov%2Fshuttle%2Ftechnology%2Fsts-newsref%2Fsts_coord.html%23vertical_tail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+brake+%28aeronautics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_brake_(aeronautics)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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title="Flaperon">Flaperon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_control_modes" title="Flight control modes">Flight control modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">Fly-by-wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gust_lock" title="Gust lock">Gust lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOTAS" title="HOTAS">HOTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#Aircraft_rudders" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder_pedal" title="Rudder pedal">Rudder pedals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servo_tab" title="Servo tab">Servo tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-stick" title="Side-stick">Side-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(aeronautics)" title="Spoiler (aeronautics)">Spoiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoileron" title="Spoileron">Spoileron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">Stabilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_pusher" title="Stick pusher">Stick pusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_shaker" title="Stick shaker">Stick shaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_tab" title="Trim tab">Trim tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_warping" title="Wing warping">Wing warping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_damper" title="Yaw damper">Yaw damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aeronautics)" title="Yoke (aeronautics)">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">Aerodynamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-lift_device" title="High-lift device">high-lift</a><br />devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-53_Active_Aeroelastic_Wing" title="Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing">Active Aeroelastic Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_compliant_wing" title="Adaptive compliant wing">Adaptive compliant wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-shock_body" title="Anti-shock body">Anti-shock body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blown_flap" title="Blown flap">Blown flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_wing" title="Channel wing">Channel wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_extension#Dogtooth_extension" title="Leading-edge extension">Dog-tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag-reducing_aerospike" title="Drag-reducing aerospike">Drag-reducing aerospike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)" title="Flap (aeronautics)">Flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouge_flap" title="Gouge flap">Gouge flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurney_flap" title="Gurney flap">Gurney flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krueger_flap" title="Krueger flap">Krueger flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_cuff" title="Leading-edge cuff">Leading-edge cuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_droop_flap" title="Leading-edge droop flap">Leading-edge droop flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_extension" title="Leading-edge extension">LEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slat" title="Leading-edge slat">Slats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slot" title="Leading-edge slot">Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stall_strips" title="Stall strips">Stall strips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake_(aeronautics)" title="Strake (aeronautics)">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-sweep_wing" title="Variable-sweep wing">Variable-sweep wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_generator" title="Vortex generator">Vortex generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortilon" title="Vortilon">Vortilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_fence" title="Wing fence">Wing fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingtip_device" title="Wingtip device">Winglet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">Avionic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flight_instruments" title="Flight instruments">flight<br />instrument</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_collision_avoidance_system" title="Airborne collision avoidance system">ACAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_boom" title="Air data boom">Air data boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_computer" title="Air data computer">Air data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_periscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft periscope">Aircraft periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_indicator" title="Airspeed indicator">Airspeed indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">Altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciator_panel" title="Annunciator panel">Annunciator panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrodome_(aeronautics)" title="Astrodome (aeronautics)">Astrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_indicator" title="Attitude indicator">Attitude indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator" title="Course deviation indicator">Course deviation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">EFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine-indicating_and_crew-alerting_system" title="Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system">EICAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_management_system" title="Flight management system">Flight management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">Glass cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heading_indicator" title="Heading indicator">Heading indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system" title="Inertial navigation system">INS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_standby_instrument_system" title="Integrated standby instrument system">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-function_display" title="Multi-function display">Multi-function display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitot%E2%80%93static_system" title="Pitot–static system">Pitot–static system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_altimeter" title="Radar altimeter">Radar altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision_avoidance_system" title="Traffic collision avoidance system">TCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transponder_(aeronautics)" title="Transponder (aeronautics)">Transponder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_and_slip_indicator" title="Turn and slip indicator">Turn and slip indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variometer" title="Variometer">Variometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_string" title="Yaw string">Yaw string</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">Propulsion</a> controls,<br /> devices and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fuel_system" title="Aircraft fuel system">fuel systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autothrottle" title="Autothrottle">Autothrottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">Drop tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FADEC" title="FADEC">FADEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank#Aircraft" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascolator" title="Gascolator">Gascolator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet_cone" title="Inlet cone">Inlet cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intake_ramp" title="Intake ramp">Intake ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACA_cowling" title="NACA cowling">NACA cowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACA_duct" title="NACA duct">NACA duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">Self-sealing fuel tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splitter_plate_(aeronautics)" title="Splitter plate (aeronautics)">Splitter plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_lever" title="Thrust lever">Thrust lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversal" title="Thrust reversal">Thrust reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townend_ring" title="Townend ring">Townend ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_emergency_power" title="War emergency power">War emergency power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_wing" title="Wet wing">Wet wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">Landing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arresting_gear" title="Arresting gear">arresting gear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_tire" title="Aircraft tire">Aircraft tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailhook" title="Tailhook">Arrestor hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobrake" title="Autobrake">Autobrake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">Conventional landing gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogue_parachute" title="Drogue parachute">Drogue parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">Landing gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear_extender" title="Landing gear extender">Landing gear extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleo_strut" title="Oleo strut">Oleo strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear" title="Tricycle landing gear">Tricycle landing gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra_tire" title="Tundra tire">Tundra tire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Escape systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">Ejection seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_crew_capsule" title="Escape crew capsule">Escape crew capsule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft lavatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">Auxiliary power unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_air" title="Bleed air">Bleed air system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deicing_boot" title="Deicing boot">Deicing boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_oxygen_system" title="Emergency oxygen system">Emergency oxygen system</a></li> <li><a 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