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Available in 147 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1539 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1539 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B3%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۵۳۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۵۳۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AF" title="১৫৩৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৫৩৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_n%C3%AE" title="1539 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1539 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539." title="1539. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1539." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B3%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۵۳۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۵۳۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%E5%B9%B4" title="1539年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1539年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%EB%85%84" title="1539년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1539년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१५३९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१५३९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539." title="1539. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1539." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১৫৩৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৫৩৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1539-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1539-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1539 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1539 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1539 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1539 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1539 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1539 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%D0%B8" title="1539 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1539 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539._gads" title="1539. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1539. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_m." title="1539 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1539 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१५३९ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१५३९" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १५३९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १५३९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1539 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1539 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%85%E1%81%83%E1%81%89" title="၁၅၃၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၅၃၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १५३९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १५३९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%E5%B9%B4" title="1539年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1539年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AB%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୫୩୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୫୩୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१५३९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१५३९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1539 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1539 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AF" title="१५३९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१५३९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%D8%B9" title="1539ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1539ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A5%D9%A3%D9%A9" title="١٥٣٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٥٣٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539." title="1539. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1539." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1539 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1539 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2082" title="พ.ศ. 2082 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2082" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1539" title="Соли 1539 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1539" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%D8%A1" title="1539ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1539ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%E5%B9%B4" title="1539年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1539年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%E5%B9%B4" title="1539年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1539年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1539" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539%E5%B9%B4" title="1539年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1539年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1539" title="1539 – Talysh" lang="tly" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1510s" title="1510s">1510s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1520s" title="1520s">1520s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1530s" title="1530s">1530s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540s" title="1540s">1540s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1550s" title="1550s">1550s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1536" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1536">1536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1537" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1537">1537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1538" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1538">1538</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1539" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1539">1539</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1540" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1540">1540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1541" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1541">1541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1542" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1542">1542</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg/250px-Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg/375px-Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg/500px-Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> surrenders to English governmental control.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1539" title="Category:1539">1539 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1530s_in_architecture" title="1530s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_art" title="1539 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_literature" title="1539 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_music" class="mw-redirect" title="1539 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1539_in_science" title="1539 in science">Science</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1539&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1539 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1539" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1539">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_16th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 16th century">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_16th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 16th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1539_births" title="Category:1539 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1539_deaths" title="Category:1539 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1539_establishments" title="Category:1539 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1539_disestablishments" title="Category:1539 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1539_works" title="Category:1539 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1539 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1539<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDXXXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2292</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>988<br />ԹՎ ՋՁԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6289</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1460–1461</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>945–946</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2489</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>30 <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Hen. 8</a> – 31 <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Hen. 8</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2083</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>901</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7047–7048</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊戌</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />4236 or 4029<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己亥年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4237 or 4030</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1255–1256</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2705</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1531–1532</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5299–5300</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1595–1596</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1460–1461</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4639–4640</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11539</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>539–540</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>917–918</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>945–946</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tenbun" title="Tenbun">Tenbun</a> 8<br />(天文８年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1457–1458</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1539<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDXXXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3872</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>373 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前373年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>71</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2081–2082</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土狗年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a>)<br />1665 or 1284 or 512<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土猪年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />1666 or 1285 or 513</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Year <b>1539</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDXXXIX</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giannandrea_Giustiniani_Longo" title="Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo">Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo</a> is elected two a two year term as <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> in Italy, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Doria" title="Giovanni Battista Doria">Giovanni Battista Doria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Toledo_(1539)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Toledo (1539) (page does not exist)">Treaty of Toledo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Spain">Charles I of Spain</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> agree to make no further alliances with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>. The treaty comes after <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">split with Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toungoo%E2%80%93Hanthawaddy_War_(1535%E2%80%931541)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1535–1541)">Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naungyo" title="Battle of Naungyo">Battle of Naungyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>: The Toungoos decisively defeat the Hanthawaddys.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – The first horse race is held at <a href="/wiki/Chester_Racecourse" title="Chester Racecourse">Chester Racecourse</a>, the oldest in use in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – King Henry VIII of England summons Parliament to meet, with the session to start on April 28.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Askia_Isma%27il" title="Askia Isma'il">Askia Isma'il</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, dies after a reign of slightly less than two years and is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Askia_Ishaq_I" title="Askia Ishaq I">Askia Ishaq I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> surrenders, and reverts to its previous status of 'a college of secular canons.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="Henry IV, Duke of Saxony">Heinrich IV</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a>, nicknamed "Heinrich der Fromme" (Henry the Pious) becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saxony" title="List of rulers of Saxony">Duke of Saxony</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> upon the death of his older brother, <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="George, Duke of Saxony">Georg der Bärtige</a> ("George the Bearded").</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frankfurt_(1539)" title="Treaty of Frankfurt (1539)">Treaty of Frankfurt</a> is signed at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt-am-Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt-am-Main">Frankfurt-am-Main</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> on behalf of the Empire's Roman Catholic states, and the Lutheran theologian <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a>, representative of the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Schmalkaldic League</a> of Protestant German states.<sup id="cite_ref-hagenbach235_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagenbach235-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effective May 1, the parties agree that no violent actions will be taken by either side against the other during a 15 month truce period.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/English_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="English Parliament">English Parliament</a> meets for the first time since 1536, after being summoned by King Henry VIII as his seventh Parliament.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – The English <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> creates a committee, balanced between religious reformers and religious conservatives, to examine and determine doctrine, eventually forming the "Six Articles".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – The inaugural declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> (now part of Germany) with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> present, as Duke Henry IV pledges to adopt <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> as the official religion of make the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando de Soto (explorer)">Hernando de Soto</a> lands at <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> with 600 soldiers, with the goal of finding <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>. He also introduces <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> into <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Battle of Chausa</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Buxar" title="Buxar">Buxar</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> emperor, <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> (Sher Shah goes on to form the <a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a>, and take control of nearly all Mughal territory).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Six_Articles_(1539)" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Articles (1539)">Six Articles</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>, is given <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> reaffirms certain <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> principles in <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Pasha" title="Lütfi Pasha">Lütfi Pasha</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_grand_viziers" title="List of Ottoman grand viziers">Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire</a> after being appointed by the Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman the Great">Suleiman the Great</a> following the death of <a href="/wiki/Ayas_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Ayas Mehmed Pasha">Ayas Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">siege of Castelnuovo</a> (now the town of <a href="/wiki/Herceg_Novi" title="Herceg Novi">Herceg Novi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>) is started by General <a href="/wiki/Hayreddin_Barbarossa" title="Hayreddin Barbarossa">Hayreddin Barbarossa</a>, leader of the Ottoman Empire's Army, after the Spanish commanding officer, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Sarmiento" title="Francisco de Sarmiento">Francisco de Sarmiento</a>, rejects an offer of honorable surrender with safe passage. Spain had taken the city in war from the Ottomans in 1538, giving the Christian Europeans control of the eastern Mediterranean sea and access to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. With 50,000 Ottomans against less than 4,000 Spanish defenders, Castelnuovo falls in less than three weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-A&P_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&P-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">siege of Castelnuovo</a> ends after 19 days and the deaths of as many as 20,000 of the Ottoman attackers. After the city falls, almost all of the surviving Spanish defenders are executed, including Spain's General de Sarmiento.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A&P_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A&P-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> issues the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Villers-Cotter%C3%AAts" title="Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts">Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêt</a>, that places the whole of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> under the jurisdiction of the royal law courts, and makes <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> the language of those courts, and the official language of legal discourse.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Ghent_(1539%E2%80%931540)" title="Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540)">revolt of Ghent</a> begins in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> as members of the city's <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a> demand the right to choose their own leaders, and the resignation of the Spanish-sponsored city leaders. Within four days, the city is under the control of nine guild leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Angad Dev">Guru Angad Dev</a> becomes the second Guru of the <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> contracts to marry <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_II_Hector,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg">Joachim II Hector</a> introduces Lutheranism in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, becoming the second Prince-Elector after the Prince-Elector of Saxony to turn Protestant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – Abbot Marmaduke Bradley and 31 monks sign the deed surrendering <a href="/wiki/Fountains_Abbey" title="Fountains Abbey">Fountains Abbey</a> to the English Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-Coppack_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coppack-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pardo_de_Tavera" title="Juan Pardo de Tavera">Juan Pardo de Tavera</a>, Archbishop of Toledo, begins his administration as the Grand Inquisitor of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – In the Spanish colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Nueva Granada</a> (now the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, Spanish conquistador <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Maldonado" title="Baltasar Maldonado">Baltasar Maldonado</a> and his troops fight a final battle at <a href="/wiki/Duitama" title="Duitama">Duitama</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Boyac%C3%A1_Department" title="Boyacá Department">Boyacá Department</a>) against the indigenous armies of the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tundama" title="Tundama">Tundama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in fulfillment of the October 4 contract for marriage to King Henry VIII and the payment of a dowry of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Florin" title="Florin">florins</a> to her brother. The Anne and Henry are married 10 days later, but the marriage is annulled on July 12.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undated">Undated</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Undated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> is forcibly introduced into <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, despite the opposition of Bishop <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_Arason" title="Jón Arason">Jón Arason</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Abbey" title="Beaulieu Abbey">Beaulieu Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolton_Abbey" title="Bolton Abbey">Bolton Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colchester_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Colchester Abbey">Colchester Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newstead_Abbey" title="Newstead Abbey">Newstead Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Albans_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans Abbey">St Albans Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York" title="St Mary's Abbey, York">St Mary's Abbey, York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartland_Abbey" title="Hartland Abbey">Hartland Abbey</a> (the last) fall prey to the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> in England.</li> <li>The first edition of the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Genevan_psalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Genevan psalter">Genevan Psalter</a></i> is published.</li></ul></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, a severe drought with swarms of locusts is made worse, by a major <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">plague</a>.</li> <li>The first printing press in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> is set up in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teseo_Ambrogio_degli_Albonesi" title="Teseo Ambrogio degli Albonesi">Teseo Ambrogio</a>'s <i>Introductio in Chaldaicam lingua, Syriaca atq Armenica, & dece alias linguas</i>, published in <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>, introduces several Middle Eastern languages to western Europe for the first time.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphelengius_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Raphelengius_.jpg/110px-Raphelengius_.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Raphelengius_.jpg/165px-Raphelengius_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2c/Raphelengius_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Raphelengius" title="Franciscus Raphelengius">Franciscus Raphelengius</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Donato" title="Nicolò Donato">Nicolò Donato</a>, Doge of Venice (d. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Hesse,_Electress_Palatine" title="Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine">Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine</a> by marriage (1576-1582) (d. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_XI_of_Legnica" title="Henry XI of Legnica">Henry XI of Legnica</a>, thrice Duke of Legnica (d. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salima_Sultan_Begum" title="Salima Sultan Begum">Salima Sultan Begum</a>, Empress of the Mughal Empire as a wife of Emperor Akbar (d. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Raphelengius" title="Franciscus Raphelengius">Franciscus Raphelengius</a>, Dutch printer (d. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Pezel" title="Christoph Pezel">Christoph Pezel</a>, German theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Nassau_(1539%E2%80%931599)" title="Maria of Nassau (1539–1599)">Maria of Nassau</a>, Countess of Nassau (d. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" title="George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach">George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amalia_of_Neuenahr" title="Amalia of Neuenahr">Amalia of Neuenahr</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Stimmer" title="Tobias Stimmer">Tobias Stimmer</a>, Swiss artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_J%C3%B8rgenss%C3%B8n" title="Strange Jørgenssøn">Strange Jørgenssøn</a>, Norwegian businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Barbara_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Barbara of Austria">Archduchess Barbara of Austria</a>, Austrian archduchess (d. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Seymour,_1st_Earl_of_Hertford" title="Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford">Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pounde" title="Thomas Pounde">Thomas Pounde</a>, English Jesuit lay brother (d. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Vasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Vasa">Catherine Vasa</a>, Regent of East Frisia (1599-1610) (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jost_Amman" title="Jost Amman">Jost Amman</a>, Swiss printmaker (d. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Darrell_of_Littlecote" title="William Darrell of Littlecote">William Darrell of Littlecote</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI,_Elector_Palatine" title="Louis VI, Elector Palatine">Louis VI, Elector Palatine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Nevers" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers">Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers</a>, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vok" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Vok">Peter Vok</a>, Czech noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pithou" title="Pierre Pithou">Pierre Pithou</a>, French lawyer and scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Paolo_Sozzini" class="mw-redirect" title="Fausto Paolo Sozzini">Fausto Paolo Sozzini</a>, Italian theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Melissus" title="Paulus Melissus">Paulus Melissus</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Radcliffe_(died_1568)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Radcliffe (died 1568)">John Radcliffe</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" class="mw-redirect" title="José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva">José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva</a>, Portuguese explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasegawa_T%C5%8Dhaku" title="Hasegawa Tōhaku">Hasegawa Tōhaku</a>, Japanese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tomson" title="Laurence Tomson">Laurence Tomson</a>, English Calvinist (d. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Humphrey Gilbert</a>, English adventurer, explorer, member of Parliament and soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg/110px-Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg/165px-Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg/220px-Isabella_d%27Este_palazzo_ducale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isabella_d%27Este" title="Isabella d'Este">Isabella d'Este</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg/110px-San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg/165px-San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg/220px-San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Maria_Zaccaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Maria Zaccaria">Saint Anthony Maria Zaccaria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anneke_Esaiasdochter" title="Anneke Esaiasdochter">Anneke Esaiasdochter</a>, Dutch Anabaptist writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1509" title="1509">1509</a>)</li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/Narapati_of_Prome" title="Narapati of Prome">Narapati of Prome</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Prome_Kingdom" title="Prome Kingdom">Prome</a> in Burma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Cleves" title="John III, Duke of Cleves">John III, Duke of Cleves</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1491" title="1491">1491</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_d%27Este" title="Isabella d'Este">Isabella d'Este</a>, Marquise of Mantua (b. <a href="/wiki/1474" title="1474">1474</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuno_da_Cunha" title="Nuno da Cunha">Nuno da Cunha</a>, Portuguese governor in India (b. <a href="/wiki/1487" title="1487">1487</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boleyn,_1st_Earl_of_Wiltshire" title="Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire">Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire</a>, English diplomat and politician (b.<a href="/wiki/1477" title="1477">1477</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edmund_Howard" title="Lord Edmund Howard">Lord Edmund Howard</a>, English nobleman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="George, Duke of Saxony">George, Duke of Saxony</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katarzyna_Weiglowa" title="Katarzyna Weiglowa">Katarzyna Weiglowa</a>, Jewish martyr (b. <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_1st_Earl_of_Bath" title="John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath">John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath</a>, English noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Isabella of Portugal</a>, Holy Roman Empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottaviano_Petrucci" title="Ottaviano Petrucci">Ottaviano Petrucci</a>, Italian printer (b. <a href="/wiki/1466" title="1466">1466</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> or <a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>, founder of Sikhism (b. <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_III,_Count_of_Waldeck" title="Philip III, Count of Waldeck">Philip III, Count of Waldeck</a>-Eisenberg (1524–1539) (b. <a href="/wiki/1486" title="1486">1486</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Maria_Zaccaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Maria Zaccaria">St Anthony Maria Zaccaria</a>, Italian saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1502" title="1502">1502</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue_(martyr)" title="Adrian Fortescue (martyr)">Adrian Fortescue</a>, English Roman Catholic martyr (b. <a href="/wiki/1476" title="1476">1476</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vannoccio_Biringuccio" title="Vannoccio Biringuccio">Vannoccio Biringuccio</a>, Italian metallurgist (b. <a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Stokesley" title="John Stokesley">John Stokesley</a>, English prelate (b. <a href="/wiki/1475" title="1475">1475</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cook_Faringdon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Cook Faringdon">Hugh Cook Faringdon</a>, English Abbot of Reading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_degli_Organi" title="Bartolomeo degli Organi">Bartolomeo degli Organi</a>, Italian musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1474" title="1474">1474</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Lupi" title="Johannes Lupi">Johannes Lupi</a>, Flemish composer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Beaton" title="James Beaton">James Beaton</a>, Scottish church leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1473" title="1473">1473</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura_Ocllo" title="Cura Ocllo">Cura Ocllo</a>, Inca queen</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1539&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Hurley2016" class="citation book cs1">Paul Hurley (May 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=isp5DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2"><i>Chester History Tour</i></a>. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-5704-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-5704-2"><bdi>978-1-4456-5704-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chester+History+Tour&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2016-05-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-5704-2&rft.au=Paul+Hurley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Disp5DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagenbach235-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagenbach235_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagenbach, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHagenbach1879" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rudolf_Hagenbach" title="Karl Rudolf Hagenbach">Hagenbach, Karl Rudolph</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyreformat00hagegoog"><i>History of the Reformation in Germany and Switzerland</i></a>. trans. Evelina Moore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Reformation+in+Germany+and+Switzerland&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Hagenbach&rft.aufirst=Karl+Rudolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryreformat00hagegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEverett,_Jason_M.2006" class="citation book cs1">Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1539". <i>The People's Chronology</i>. Thomson Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1539&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Chronology&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A&P-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A&P_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A&P_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArsenalPrado,_Fernando2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arsenal, León; Prado, Fernando (2008). <i>Rincones de historia española</i> (in Spanish). EDAF. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-414-2050-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-414-2050-2"><bdi>978-84-414-2050-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rincones+de+historia+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=EDAF&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-414-2050-2&rft.aulast=Arsenal&rft.aufirst=Le%C3%B3n&rft.au=Prado%2C+Fernando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_LaínezSánchez_de_Toca_CataláJosé_María2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez Laínez, Fernando; Sánchez de Toca Catalá; José María (2006). <i>Tercios de España: la infantería legendaria</i> (in Spanish). Madrid: EDAF. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-414-1847-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-414-1847-9"><bdi>978-84-414-1847-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tercios+de+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+la+infanter%C3%ADa+legendaria&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=EDAF&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-84-414-1847-9&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+La%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez+de+Toca+Catal%C3%A1&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnade1996" class="citation book cs1">Arnade, Peter J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mcKhLE4BF4C"><i>Realms of Ritual: Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent</i></a>. Cornell University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">200–</span>202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3098-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3098-5"><bdi>978-0-8014-3098-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Realms+of+Ritual%3A+Burgundian+Ceremony+and+Civic+Life+in+Late+Medieval+Ghent&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E202&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-3098-5&rft.aulast=Arnade&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0mcKhLE4BF4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210">210–215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=210-215&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coppack-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coppack_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoppack2009" class="citation book cs1">Coppack, Glyn (2009). <i>Fountains Abbey</i>. Amberley. pp. 11, 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-418-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-418-8"><bdi>978-1-84868-418-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fountains+Abbey&rft.pages=11%2C+130&rft.pub=Amberley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84868-418-8&rft.aulast=Coppack&rft.aufirst=Glyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1531.htm">Biographical Dictionary of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church</a>. fiu.edu. Retrieved on 26 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pueblosoriginarios.com/biografias/tundama.html">"Tundama biography</a>, PueblosOriginarios.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160627035434/http://themagazinist.com/uploads/Part_4_Colonial_Printers_and_Papers.pdf">"The Press in Colonial America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A Publisher’s History of American Magazines — Background and Beginnings</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themagazinist.com/uploads/Part_4_Colonial_Printers_and_Papers.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Publisher%E2%80%99s+History+of+American+Magazines+%E2%80%94+Background+and+Beginnings&rft.atitle=The+Press+in+Colonial+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themagazinist.com%2Fuploads%2FPart_4_Colonial_Printers_and_Papers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrieda2013" class="citation book cs1">Frieda, Leonie (2013). <i>The deadly sisterhood : a story of women, power and intrigue in the Italian Renaissance, 1427-1527</i> (Paperback ed.). London: Phoenix. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2844-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2844-1"><bdi>978-0-7538-2844-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+deadly+sisterhood+%3A+a+story+of+women%2C+power+and+intrigue+in+the+Italian+Renaissance%2C+1427-1527&rft.place=London&rft.pages=358&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2844-1&rft.aulast=Frieda&rft.aufirst=Leonie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/italianmasterpieces/about/patronage/patron-data/isabel-of-portugal.html">"Isabella of Portugal"</a>. <i>www.ngv.vic.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ngv.vic.gov.au&rft.atitle=Isabella+of+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngv.vic.gov.au%2Fitalianmasterpieces%2Fabout%2Fpatronage%2Fpatron-data%2Fisabel-of-portugal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1539" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26563">"Stokesley, John (1475–1539), bishop of London"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26563">10.1093/ref:odnb/26563</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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