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<li id="toc-The_Industrial_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Industrial_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The Industrial Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Industrial_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steam_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steam_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Steam power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steam_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_combustion_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_combustion_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Internal combustion engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_combustion_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural_machinery_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_machinery_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Agricultural machinery types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agricultural_machinery_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Agricultural machinery types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_machinery_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tractors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Combines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Planters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sprayers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sprayers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sprayers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sprayers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balers_and_other_agriculture_implements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balers_and_other_agriculture_implements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Balers and other agriculture implements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balers_and_other_agriculture_implements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_technology_and_the_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_technology_and_the_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>New technology and the future</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_technology_and_the_future-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New technology and the future subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_technology_and_the_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agricultural_automation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_automation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Agricultural automation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_automation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_source_agricultural_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_source_agricultural_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Open source agricultural equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_source_agricultural_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manufacturers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Agricultural machinery</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="آلة زراعية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلة زراعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99nd_t%C9%99s%C9%99rr%C3%BCfat%C4%B1_texnikas%C4%B1" title="Kənd təsərrüfatı texnikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kənd təsərrüfatı texnikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ng-gia%CC%8Dp_ki-h%C3%A2i" title="Lông-gia̍p ki-hâi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lông-gia̍p ki-hâi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сельскагаспадарчая тэхніка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сельскагаспадарчая тэхніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Селскостопанска техника – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Селскостопанска техника" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarna_mehanizacija" title="Agrarna mehanizacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Agrarna mehanizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquin%C3%A0ria_agr%C3%ADcola" title="Maquinària agrícola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maquinària agrícola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordbrugsmaskiner" title="Jordbrugsmaskiner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordbrugsmaskiner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5llumajandusmasin" title="Põllumajandusmasin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põllumajandusmasin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquinaria_agr%C3%ADcola" title="Maquinaria agrícola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maquinaria agrícola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrikultura_ma%C5%9Dinaro" title="Agrikultura maŝinaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Agrikultura maŝinaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekazaritza-makineria" title="Nekazaritza-makineria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nekazaritza-makineria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinisme_agricole" title="Machinisme agricole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machinisme agricole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="농기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="농기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कृषि यंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृषि यंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngw%C3%A1_%E1%BB%8Dr%E1%BB%A5_ugbo" title="Ngwá ọrụ ugbo – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ngwá ọrụ ugbo" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_dan_mesin_pertanian" title="Alat dan mesin pertanian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alat dan mesin pertanian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macchina_agricola" title="Macchina agricola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macchina agricola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೃಷಿ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೃಷಿ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ауыл шаруашылық техникасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауыл шаруашылық техникасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentum_rusticum" title="Instrumentum rusticum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Instrumentum rusticum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Земјоделска механизација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земјоделска механизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbouwwerktuig" title="Landbouwwerktuig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landbouwwerktuig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कृषि औजार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कृषि औजार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" title="農業機械 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="農業機械" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbruksredskap" title="Landbruksredskap – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landbruksredskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordbruksmaskin" title="Jordbruksmaskin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jordbruksmaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਮਸ਼ੀਨਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਮਸ਼ੀਨਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کھیتی باڑی مشینری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھیتی باڑی مشینری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Machinery used in farming or other agriculture</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agricultural_machinery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agricultural_machinery.jpg/300px-Agricultural_machinery.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agricultural_machinery.jpg/450px-Agricultural_machinery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Agricultural_machinery.jpg/600px-Agricultural_machinery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2670" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: John Deere 7800 tractor with Houle slurry trailer, Case IH combine harvester, New Holland FX 25 <a href="/wiki/Forage_harvester" title="Forage harvester">forage harvester</a> with corn head.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg/250px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg/375px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg/500px-Maler_der_Grabkammer_des_Sennudem_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1337" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_agriculture" title="Ancient Egyptian agriculture">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Rome" title="Agriculture in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agricultural_science" title="History of agricultural science">Agricultural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_History_Review" title="Agricultural History Review">Agricultural History Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Arab Agricultural Revolution">Arab Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Argentina" title="History of agriculture in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Canada" title="History of agriculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_China" title="History of agriculture in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Agriculture in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_organic_farming" title="History of organic farming">Organic farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Palestine" title="History of agriculture in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_history_of_Peru" title="Agricultural history of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">British Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Cheshire" title="History of agriculture in Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Scotland" title="History of agriculture in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="History of agriculture in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African-American_agriculture" title="History of African-American agriculture">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_California" title="History of agriculture in California">California</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">On land</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrivoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrivoltaic">Agrivoltaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryland_farming" title="Dryland farming">Dryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensive_farming" title="Extensive farming">Extensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_range" title="Free range">Free-range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convertible_husbandry" title="Convertible husbandry">Convertible husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotational_grazing" title="Rotational grazing">Rotational grazing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_farm" title="Hobby farm">Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">Intensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_crop_farming" title="Intensive crop farming">crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_farming" title="Natural farming">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">Paddy field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">Ranching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharecropping" title="Sharecropping">Sharecropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Madeira)" title="Colonia (Madeira)"><i>Colonia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">Slash-and-burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">Smallholding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(agriculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace (agriculture)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_steam_sterilization" title="Soil steam sterilization">Steam sterilization</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hydroculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroculture">Hydroculture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics">Aquaponics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">Hydroponics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeroponics" title="Aeroponics">Aeroponics</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">Agribusiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cooperative" title="Agricultural cooperative">Agricultural cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_supply_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural supply store">Agricultural supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_science" title="Agricultural science">Agricultural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_technology" title="Agricultural technology">Agricultural technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Agriculture">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_biotechnology" title="Agricultural biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agroforestry" title="Agroforestry">Agroforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">Cash crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_agriculture" title="Cellular agriculture">Cellular agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_methods" title="Cultural methods">Cultural methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_farming" title="Contract farming">Contract farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensive_farming" title="Extensive farming">Extensive farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse" title="Farmhouse">Farmhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_ratio" title="Feed ratio">Feed ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_range" title="Free range">Free range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">Intensive farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_crop_farming" title="Intensive crop farming">crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture">Mechanised agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paludiculture" title="Paludiculture">Paludiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculture" title="Polyculture">Polyculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice-duck_farming" title="Rice-duck farming">Rice-duck farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice-fish_system" title="Rice-fish system">Rice-fish system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">Sustainable food system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_universities_and_colleges" title="List of agricultural universities and colleges">Universities and colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">Urban agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculturist" title="Agriculturist">Agriculturist profession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery" title="List of agricultural machinery">Agricultural machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_origins" title="List of food origins">Food origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agriculture_ministries" title="List of agriculture ministries">Government ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_universities_and_colleges" title="List of agricultural universities and colleges">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_machinery" title="Category:Agricultural machinery">Agricultural machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_by_country" title="Category:Agriculture by country">Agriculture by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_companies" title="Category:Agriculture companies">Agriculture companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biotechnology" title="Category:Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_agriculture" title="Category:History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Livestock" title="Category:Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meat_industry" title="Category:Meat industry">Meat industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poultry_farming" title="Category:Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_and_the_environment" title="Category:Agriculture and the environment">Agriculture and the environment</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="grain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/16px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/24px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/32px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture" title="Template:Agriculture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture" title="Template talk:Agriculture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Agricultural machinery</b> relates to the <a href="/wiki/Machine_(mechanical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine (mechanical)">mechanical</a> structures and devices used in <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farming</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery" title="List of agricultural machinery">many types of such equipment</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">hand tools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power tools</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractors</a> and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic</a> and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of <a href="/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture">mechanised agriculture</a>, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed. </p><p>Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_robot" title="Agricultural robot">agricultural robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Industrial_Revolution">The Industrial Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Industrial Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and the development of more complicated machines, farming methods took a great leap forward.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of <a href="/wiki/Harvesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvesting">harvesting</a> <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a> by hand with a sharp <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheeled</a> machines cut a continuous swath. Instead of <a href="/wiki/Threshing" title="Threshing">threshing</a> the grain by beating it with sticks, <a href="/wiki/Threshing_machine" title="Threshing machine">threshing machines</a> separated the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a> from the heads and stalks. The first tractors appeared in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam_power">Steam power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Steam power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg/236px-Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg/354px-Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg/472px-Claas-lexion-570-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A German <a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">combine harvester</a> by <a href="/wiki/Claas" title="Claas">Claas</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">Power</a> for agricultural machinery was originally supplied by <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated animal">domesticated animals</a>. With the invention of <a href="/wiki/Steam_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam power">steam power</a> came the <a href="/wiki/Portable_engine" title="Portable engine">portable engine</a>, and later the <a href="/wiki/Traction_engine" title="Traction engine">traction engine</a>, a multipurpose, mobile <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> source that was the ground-crawling cousin to the <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a>. Agricultural <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a> took over the heavy pulling work of <a href="/wiki/Oxen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxen">oxen</a>, and were also equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Pulley" title="Pulley">pulley</a> that could power stationary machines via the use of a long <a href="/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)" title="Belt (mechanical)">belt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Steam_powered_machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam powered machinery">steam-powered machines</a> were low-powered by today's standards but because of their size and their low <a href="/wiki/Gear_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gear ratio">gear ratios</a>, they could provide a large <a href="/wiki/Drawbar_(haulage)" title="Drawbar (haulage)">drawbar</a> pull. The slow speed of steam-powered machines led farmers to comment that tractors had two speeds: "slow, and damn slow". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_combustion_engines">Internal combustion engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internal combustion engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a>; first the <a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">petrol engine</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a>; became the main source of <a href="/wiki/Power_(physics)" title="Power (physics)">power</a> for the next generation of tractors. These engines also contributed to the development of the self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">combine harvester</a> and thresher, or the combine harvester (also shortened to 'combine'). Instead of cutting the grain stalks and transporting them to a stationary <a href="/wiki/Threshing_machine" title="Threshing machine">threshing machine</a>, these combines cut, threshed, and separated the grain while moving continuously throughout the field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agricultural_machinery_types">Agricultural machinery types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Agricultural machinery types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tractors">Tractors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">Tractors</a> do the majority of work on a modern <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farm</a>. They are used to push/pull <a href="/wiki/List_of_farm_implements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of farm implements">implements</a>—machines that till the ground, plant seeds, and perform other tasks. <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">Tillage</a> implements prepare the <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> for planting by loosening the soil and killing <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weeds</a> or competing plants. The best-known is the <a href="/wiki/Plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Plow">plow</a>, the ancient implement that was upgraded in 1838 by <a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a>. Plows are now used less frequently in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">U.S.</a> than formerly, with offset disks used instead to turn over the soil, and <a href="/wiki/Chisel_plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Chisel plow">chisels</a> used to gain the depth needed to retain moisture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combines">Combines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Combines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg/220px-John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg/330px-John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg/440px-John_Deere_cotton_harvester_kv02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a> cotton harvester at work in a cotton field</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">Combine</a> is a machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops. The name derives from its combining four separate harvesting operations—<a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Threshing" title="Threshing">threshing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">gathering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winnowing" title="Winnowing">winnowing</a>—into a single process. Among the crops harvested with a combine are <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Linseed">linseed</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sunflowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflowers">sunflowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planters">Planters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Planters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common type of seeder is called a <a href="/wiki/Planter_(farm_implement)" title="Planter (farm implement)">planter</a>, and spaces seeds out equally in long rows, which are usually two to three feet apart. Some <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">crops</a> are planted by <a href="/wiki/Grain_drill" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain drill">drills</a>, which put out much more seed in rows less than a foot apart, blanketing the field with crops. <a href="/wiki/Transplanter" title="Transplanter">Transplanters</a> automate the task of transplanting <a href="/wiki/Seedling" title="Seedling">seedlings</a> to the field. With the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_mulch" title="Plastic mulch">plastic mulch</a>, plastic mulch layers, transplanters, and seeders lay down long rows of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>, and plant through them automatically. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg/220px-Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg/330px-Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg/440px-Lite-Trac_Crop_Sprayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>A British <a href="/wiki/Crop_sprayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Crop sprayer">crop sprayer</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lite-Trac" title="Lite-Trac">Lite-Trac</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sprayers">Sprayers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sprayers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After planting, other agricultural machinery such as self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Sprayer" title="Sprayer">sprayers</a> can be used to apply <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>. Agriculture sprayer application is a method to protect crops from weeds by using <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicides</a>, and insecticides. Spraying or planting a cover crop are ways to mix weed growth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balers_and_other_agriculture_implements">Balers and other agriculture implements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Balers and other agriculture implements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg/220px-Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg/330px-Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg/440px-Young_farmer_on_a_hay_harvester_in_Versam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="2712" /></a><figcaption>Farmer on a hay harvester in Switzerland</figcaption></figure> <p>Planting crop <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">balers</a> can be used to tightly package grass or <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a> into a storable form for the winter months. Modern <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> relies on machinery. Engines, <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumps</a> and other specialized gear provide <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> quickly and in high volumes to large areas of land. Similar types of equipment such as agriculture sprayers can be used to deliver <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>. </p><p>Besides the tractor, other vehicles have been adapted for use in farming, including <a href="/wiki/Farm_truck" title="Farm truck">trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_aircraft" title="Category:Agricultural aircraft">airplanes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a>, such as for transporting crops and making equipment mobile, to aerial spraying and <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> <a href="/wiki/Herd" title="Herd">herd</a> management. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_technology_and_the_future">New technology and the future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New technology and the future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Digital_agriculture" title="Digital agriculture">Digital agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Precision_agriculture" title="Precision agriculture">Precision agriculture</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tr85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tr85.jpg/112px-Tr85.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tr85.jpg/168px-Tr85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tr85.jpg/223px-Tr85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A New Holland TR85 combine harvester</figcaption></figure><p>The basic technology of agricultural machines has changed little in the last century. Though modern harvesters and planters may do a better job or be slightly tweaked from their predecessors, the combine of today still cuts, threshes, and separates grain in the same way it has always been done. However, technology is changing the way that humans operate the machines, as <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> monitoring systems, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> locators and self-steer programs allow the most advanced tractors and implements to be more precise and less wasteful in the use of fuel, seed, or fertilizer. In the foreseeable future, there may be mass production of <a href="/wiki/Driverless_tractor" title="Driverless tractor">driverless tractors</a>, which use GPS <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">maps</a> and electronic sensors. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_automation">Agricultural automation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Agricultural automation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)</a> defines agricultural automation as the use of machinery and equipment in agricultural operations to improve their diagnosis, decision-making, or performance, reducing the drudgery of agricultural work and improving the timeliness, and potentially the precision, of agricultural operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technological evolution in agriculture has been a journey from manual tools to animal traction, then to motorized mechanization, and further to digital equipment. This progression has culminated in the use of robotics with artificial intelligence (AI). Motorized mechanization, for instance, automates operations like ploughing, seeding, fertilizing, milking, feeding, and irrigating, thereby significantly reducing manual labor.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advent of digital automation technologies, it has become possible to automate diagnosis and decision-making. For instance, autonomous crop robots can harvest and seed crops, and drones can collect information to help automate input applications.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tractors, on the other hand, can be transformed into automated vehicles that can sow fields independently. < ref name= ":1"/> </p><p>A 2023 report by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) revealed that over 50% of corn, cotton, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat in the United States is planted using automated guidance systems. These systems, which utilize technology to autonomously steer farm equipment, only require supervision from a farmer. This is a clear example of how agricultural automation is being implemented in real-world farming scenarios.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_source_agricultural_equipment">Open source agricultural equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Open source agricultural equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg/201px-Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg/302px-Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg/402px-Self_Propelled_Sprayer_made_by_Equipment_Technologies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A self-propelled Apache Sprayer by Equipment Technologies</figcaption></figure> <p>Many farmers are upset by their inability to fix the new types of high-tech farm equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due mostly to companies using <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> law to prevent farmers from having the legal right to fix their equipment (or gain access to the information to allow them to do it).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2015 an exemption was added to the <a href="/wiki/DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="DMCA">DMCA</a> to allow inspection and modification of the software in cars and other vehicles including agricultural machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Open Source Agriculture movement counts different initiatives and organizations such as Farm Labs which is a network in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> l'Atelier Paysan which is a cooperative to teach farmers in France how to build and repair their tools,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ekylibre which is an open-source company to provide farmers in France with open source software (<a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">SaaS</a>) to manage farming operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Media_Lab" title="MIT Media Lab">MIT Media Lab</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Open_Agriculture_Initiative" title="Open Agriculture Initiative">Open Agriculture Initiative</a> seeks to foster "the creation of an open-source ecosystem of technologies that enable and promote transparency, networked experimentation, education, and hyper-local production".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It develops the <a href="/wiki/Open_Agriculture_Initiative#Food_Computer" title="Open Agriculture Initiative">Personal Food Computer</a>, an educational project to create a "controlled environment agriculture technology platform that uses robotic systems to control and monitor climate, energy, and plant growth inside of a specialized growing chamber". It includes the development of <a href="/wiki/Open_Agriculture_Initiative#Open_Phenome_Library" title="Open Agriculture Initiative">Open Phenom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an open source library with open data sets for climate recipes which link the phenotype response of plants (taste, nutrition) to environmental variables, biological, genetic and resource-related necessary for cultivation (input).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plants with the same genetics can naturally vary in color, size, texture, growth rate, yield, flavor, and nutrient density according to the environmental conditions in which they are produced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrale" title="Agrale">Agrale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazi_Tractors" title="Al-Ghazi Tractors">Al-Ghazi Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Tractors_Company" title="Algerian Tractors Company">Algerian Tractors Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbos" title="Arbos">Arbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARGO_SpA" title="ARGO SpA">ARGO SpA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carraro_Agritalia" title="Carraro Agritalia">Carraro Agritalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Tractor" title="Challenger Tractor">Challenger Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claas" title="Claas">Claas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedong_(company)" title="Daedong (company)">Daedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutz-Fahr" title="Deutz-Fahr">Deutz-Fahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorts_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Escorts Limited">Escorts Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fendt" title="Fendt">Fendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldoni_(company)" title="Goldoni (company)">Goldoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseki" title="Iseki">Iseki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacto (page does not exist)">Jacto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCB_(heavy_equipment_manufacturer)" title="JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)">JCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">Kharkiv Tractor Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov_Plant" title="Kirov Plant">Kirov Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubota" title="Kubota">Kubota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_Trattori" title="Lamborghini Trattori">Lamborghini Trattori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landini_(tractor)" title="Landini (tractor)">Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindner_(agricultural_machinery_manufacturer)" title="Lindner (agricultural machinery manufacturer)">Lindner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LS_Mtron" title="LS Mtron">LS Mtron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Tractors" title="Mahindra Tractors">Mahindra Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick_Tractors" title="McCormick Tractors">McCormick Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millat_Tractors" title="Millat Tractors">Millat Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Tractor_Works" title="Minsk Tractor Works">Minsk Tractor Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Agricultural_Machinery" title="Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery">Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Agriculture" title="New Holland Agriculture">New Holland Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronar" title="Pronar">Pronar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibaura_(company)" title="Shibaura (company)">Shibaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonalika_Tractors" title="Sonalika Tractors">Sonalika Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAME_(tractors)" title="SAME (tractors)">SAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_Motors" title="SAS Motors">SAS Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF_Group" title="SDF Group">SDF Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_the_Stars_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="To the Stars (company)">Stara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steyr_Tractor" title="Steyr Tractor">Steyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractors_and_Farm_Equipment_Limited" title="Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited">TAFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYM_(company)" title="TYM (company)">TYM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursus_SA" title="Ursus SA">Ursus SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpadana" title="Valpadana">Valpadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtra" title="Valtra">Valtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_(company)" title="Versatile (company)">Versatile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmar" title="Yanmar">Yanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YTO_Group" title="YTO Group">YTO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetor" title="Zetor">Zetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomlion" title="Zoomlion">Zoomlion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balwaan_Agri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balwaan Agri (page does not exist)">Balwaan Agri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers" title="Allis-Chalmers">Allis-Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson-Brown_Company" title="Ferguson-Brown Company">Ferguson-Brown Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Trattori" title="Fiat Trattori">Fiat Trattori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Tractors" title="Leyland Tractors">Leyland Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey-Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Massey-Harris">Massey-Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_Agriculture" title="Renault Agriculture">Renault Agriculture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/42px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/56px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture_and_Agronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Agriculture and Agronomy">Agriculture and Agronomy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_machinery" title="List of agricultural machinery">List of agricultural machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture">Mechanised agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_machinery_industry" title="Agricultural machinery industry">Agricultural machinery industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_robot" title="Agricultural robot">Agricultural robot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading 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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:In_brief_-_The_State_of_Food_and_Agriculture_2022.pdf">license statement/permission</a>). Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2459en"><i>In Brief to The State of Food and Agriculture 2022 – Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems</i></a>, FAO, FAO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_machinery&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9479en"><i>The State of Food and Agriculture 2022 − Leveraging agricultural automation for transforming agrifood systems</i></a>. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060%2Fcb9479en">10.4060/cb9479en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-136043-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-136043-9"><bdi>978-92-5-136043-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Food+and+Agriculture+2022+%E2%88%92+Leveraging+agricultural+automation+for+transforming+agrifood+systems&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations+%28FAO%29&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4060%2Fcb9479en&rft.isbn=978-92-5-136043-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4060%2Fcb9479en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgricultural+machinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9612/the-agricultural-sciences/11674/Food-sciences-and-other-post-harvest-technologies#toc11675">Agricultural engineering</a> Britannica Online. <span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2012-12-25<span style="font-size: 90%; color: #555"></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/601600/tractor">Tractor (vehicle)</a> Britannica Online. <span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2012-12-25<span style="font-size: 90%; color: #555"></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiu2016" class="citation book cs1">Miu, Petre I. (2016). <i>Combine harvesters: theory, modeling, and design</i>. 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculturist" title="Agriculturist">Agriculturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural Engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmworker" title="Farmworker">Farm worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herder" title="Herder">Herder</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Food_system" title="Food system">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">Agribusiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_cooperative" title="Agricultural cooperative">Agricultural cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_supply_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural supply store">Agricultural supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_science" title="Agricultural science">Agricultural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_technology" title="Agricultural technology">Agricultural technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Agriculture">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_biotechnology" title="Agricultural biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agroforestry" title="Agroforestry">Agroforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">Cash crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_agriculture" title="Cellular agriculture">Cellular agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_methods" title="Cultural methods">Cultural methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_farming" title="Contract farming">Contract farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensive_farming" title="Extensive farming">Extensive farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse" title="Farmhouse">Farmhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_ratio" title="Feed ratio">Feed ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_range" title="Free range">Free range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">Intensive farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">pigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_crop_farming" title="Intensive crop farming">crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture">Mechanised agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">Organic farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paludiculture" title="Paludiculture">Paludiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculture" title="Polyculture">Polyculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice-duck_farming" title="Rice-duck farming">Rice-duck farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice-fish_system" title="Rice-fish system">Rice-fish system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">Sustainable food system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_universities_and_colleges" title="List of agricultural universities and colleges">Universities and colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">Urban agriculture</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_agriculture" title="Ancient Egyptian agriculture">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Rome" title="Agriculture in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agricultural_science" title="History of agricultural science">Agricultural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_History_Review" title="Agricultural History Review">Agricultural History Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Arab Agricultural Revolution">Arab Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Argentina" title="History of agriculture in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Canada" title="History of agriculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_China" title="History of agriculture in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Chile" title="History of agriculture in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Mesoamerica" title="Agriculture in Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Agriculture in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_organic_farming" title="History of organic farming">Organic farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Palestine" title="History of agriculture in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_history_of_Peru" title="Agricultural history of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">British Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Cheshire" title="History of agriculture in Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Scotland" title="History of agriculture in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="History of agriculture in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African-American_agriculture" title="History of African-American agriculture">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_California" title="History of agriculture in California">California</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">Farming Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrivoltaics" title="Agrivoltaics">Agrivoltaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_farming" title="Goat farming">Goat farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convertible_husbandry" title="Convertible husbandry">Convertible husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotational_grazing" title="Rotational grazing">Rotational grazing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">Hydroponics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_farming" title="Insect farming">Insect farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">Pasture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_farming" title="Mixed farming">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">Paddy field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral farming">Pastoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bocage" title="Bocage">Bocage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">Orchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">Sheep farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture" title="Environmental impact of agriculture">Environmental<br />impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_expansion" title="Agricultural expansion">Agricultural expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_pollution" title="Agricultural pollution">Agricultural pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural wastewater">Agricultural wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">Overgrazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_irrigation" title="Environmental impact of irrigation">Environmental impact of irrigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overdrafting" title="Overdrafting">Overdrafting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture" title="Effects of climate change on agriculture">Climate change and agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_machinery" title="Category:Agricultural machinery">Agricultural machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_by_country" title="Category:Agriculture by country">Agriculture by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_companies" title="Category:Agriculture companies">Agriculture companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biotechnology" title="Category:Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_agriculture" title="Category:History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Livestock" title="Category:Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meat_industry" title="Category:Meat industry">Meat industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poultry_farming" title="Category:Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_and_the_environment" title="Category:Agriculture and the environment">Agriculture and the environment</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculturist" title="Agriculturist">Agriculturist profession</a></li> <li><a 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