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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p><b>Endangered species</b>, as classified by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN), are <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> which have been categorized as very likely to become <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> in their known native ranges in the near future. On the IUCN <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">Red List</a>, endangered is the second-most severe <a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">conservation status</a> for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a>. In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> and 2,655 <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> species as endangered worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2012.2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_2012.2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures for 1998 were 1,102 and 1,197 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_2012.2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_2012.2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Jingu_Gaien_Ginkgo_Street_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="823"></a><figcaption>The Ginkgo tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo biloba</a></i>) is listed as 'endangered' by the IUCN.</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#IUCN_Red_List"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">IUCN Red List</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Criteria_for_endangered_status"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Criteria for endangered status</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="IUCN_Red_List">IUCN Red List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: IUCN Red 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.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/260px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3222" data-file-height="2184"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/260px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/390px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg/520px-Panthera_tigris_altaica_13_-_Buffalo_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a> is an endangered <a href="/wiki/Tiger#Subspecies" title="Tiger">tiger subspecies</a>. Three tiger subspecies are extinct (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_carnivorans_by_population" title="List of carnivorans by population">List of carnivorans by population</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> is a list of species which have been assessed according to a system of assigning a global conservation status. According to the latest system used by the IUCN, a species can be "Data Deficient" (DD) species – species for which more data and assessment is required before their situation may be determined – as well species comprehensively assessed by the IUCN's species assessment process. A species can be "<a href="/wiki/Near-threatened_species" title="Near-threatened species">Near Threatened</a>" (NT) and "<a href="/wiki/Least_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least concern">Least Concern</a>" (LC), these are species which are considered to have relatively robust and healthy populations, according to the assessment authors. "Endangered" (EN) species lie between "<a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">Vulnerable</a>" (VU) and "<a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically Endangered species">Critically Endangered</a>" (CR) species. A species must adhere to certain criteria in order to be placed in any of the afore-mentioned conservation status categories, according to the assessment. </p><p>"Threatened" is a category including all those species determined to be Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered. </p><p>Although in general conversation the terms "endangered species" and "threatened species" may mean other things, for the purposes of the current IUCN system, the List uses the terms "endangered" and "threatened" to denote species to which certain criteria apply. Note older or other, such as national, status systems may use other criteria. </p><p>Some examples of species classified as endangered by the IUCN are listed below: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Blue whale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn redwood">Dawn redwood</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_vulture" title="Egyptian vulture">Egyptian vulture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_oceanic_manta_ray" title="Giant oceanic manta ray">Giant oceanic manta ray</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">Green sea turtle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Matschie%27s_tree-kangaroo" title="Matschie's tree-kangaroo">Matschie's tree-kangaroo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">Mountain gorilla</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Pygmy hippopotamus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_cypress" class="mw-redirect" title="Saharan cypress">Saharan cypress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Takah%C4%93" title="Takahē">Takahē</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timneh_parrot" title="Timneh parrot">Timneh parrot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">Wild horse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Whooping_crane" title="Whooping crane">Whooping crane</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_shark" title="Zebra shark">Zebra shark</a></li></ul></div> <p>As more information becomes available, or as the conservation status criteria has changed, numerous species have been re-assessed as not endangered, nonetheless the total number of species considered endangered has increased as more new species are assessed for the first time each year. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Criteria_for_endangered_status">Criteria for endangered status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criteria for endangered status" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>According to the 3.1 version of the IUCN conservation status system from 2001, a species is listed as endangered when it meets any of the following criteria from A to E.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>A) Reduction in population size based on any of the following:</b> </p><p>1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of <b>≥ 70% over the last 10 years or three generations</b>, whichever is the longer, where the <b>causes of the reduction are reversible AND understood AND ceased</b>, based on (and specifying) any of the following: </p> <ul><li>a. direct observation</li> <li>b. an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon</li> <li>c. a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence or quality of habitat</li> <li>d. actual or potential levels of exploitation</li> <li>e. the effects of <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced taxa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridisation</a>, pathogens, <a href="/wiki/Pollutants" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollutants">pollutants</a>, competitors or <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a>.</li></ul> <p>2. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of <b>≥ 50% occurred over the last 10 years or three generations,</b> whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its <b>causes may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible</b>, based on (and specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1. </p><p>3. A population size reduction of <b>≥ 50%, projected or suspected to be met within the next 10 years or three generations,</b> whichever is the longer (up to a maximum of 100 years), based on (and specifying) any of (b) to (e) under A1. </p><p>4. An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population size reduction of <b>≥ 50% over any 10 year or three-generation period,</b> whichever is longer (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future), where the time period must include both the past and the future, and where the reduction or its <b>causes may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible,</b> based on (and specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1. </p><p><b>B) Geographic range</b> in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) OR B2 (area of occupancy) OR both: </p><p>1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be <b>less than 5,000 km<sup>2</sup></b>, and estimates indicating at least two of a-c: </p> <ul><li>a. <b>Severely fragmented</b> or known to exist at no more than five locations.</li> <li>b. <b>Continuing decline</b>, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following: <ul><li>i. extent of occurrence</li> <li>ii. area of occupancy</li> <li>iii. area, extent or quality of habitat</li> <li>iv. number of locations or subpopulations</li> <li>v. number of mature individuals</li></ul></li> <li>c. <b>Extreme fluctuations</b> in any of the following: <ul><li>i. extent of occurrence</li> <li>ii. area of occupancy</li> <li>iii. number of locations or subpopulations</li> <li>iv. number of mature individuals</li></ul></li></ul> <p>2. Area of occupancy estimated to be <b>less than 500 km<sup>2</sup></b>, and estimates indicating at least two of a-c: </p> <ul><li>a. <b>Severely fragmented</b> or known to exist at no more than five locations.</li> <li>b. <b>Continuing decline</b>, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following: <ul><li>i. extent of occurrence</li> <li>ii. area of occupancy</li> <li>iii. area, extent or quality of habitat</li> <li>iv. number of locations or subpopulations</li> <li>v. number of mature individuals</li></ul></li> <li>c. <b>Extreme fluctuations</b> in any of the following: <ul><li>i. extent of occurrence</li> <li>ii. area of occupancy</li> <li>iii. number of locations or subpopulations</li> <li>iv. number of mature individuals</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>C) Population estimated to number fewer than 2,500 mature individuals and</b> either: </p><p>1. An estimated continuing <b>decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations</b>, whichever is longer, (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future) OR 2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers of mature individuals AND at least one of the following (a-b): </p> <ul><li>a. Population structure in the form of one of the following: <ul><li>i. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 250 mature individuals, OR</li> <li>ii. at least 95% of older individuals in one subpopulation</li></ul></li> <li>b. Extreme fluctuations in the number of older individuals</li></ul> <p><b>D) Population size estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals.</b> </p><p><b>E) Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years or five generations</b>, whichever is the longer (up to a maximum of 100 years). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_IUCN_Red_List_endangered_species" title="Lists of IUCN Red List endangered species">Lists of IUCN Red List endangered species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_amphibians" title="List of endangered amphibians">List of endangered amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_arthropods" title="List of endangered arthropods">List of endangered arthropods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_birds" title="List of endangered birds">List of endangered birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_fishes" title="List of endangered fishes">List of endangered fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_insects" title="List of endangered insects">List of endangered insects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_invertebrates" title="List of endangered invertebrates">List of endangered invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_mammals" title="List of endangered mammals">List of endangered mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_molluscs" title="List of endangered molluscs">List of endangered molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_reptiles" title="List of endangered reptiles">List of endangered reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chromista_by_conservation_status" title="List of Chromista by conservation status">List of Chromista by conservation status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fungi_by_conservation_status" title="List of fungi by conservation status">List of fungi by conservation status</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_2012.2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2012.2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_2012.2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2012_2_RL_Stats_Table_2.pdf">"IUCN Red List version 2012.2: Table 2: Changes in numbers of species in the threatened categories (CR, EN, VU) from 1996 to 2012 (IUCN Red List version 2012.2) for the major taxonomic groups on the Red List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127140524/http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2012_2_RL_Stats_Table_2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IUCN+Red+List+version+2012.2%3A+Table+2%3A+Changes+in+numbers+of+species+in+the+threatened+categories+%28CR%2C+EN%2C+VU%29+from+1996+to+2012+%28IUCN+Red+List+version+2012.2%29+for+the+major+taxonomic+groups+on+the+Red+List&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fdocuments%2Fsummarystatistics%2F2012_2_RL_Stats_Table_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndangered+species+%28IUCN+status%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120917192637/http://www.sundarbantigerproject.info/viewpage.php?page_id=2">"The Tiger"</a>. Sundarbans Tiger Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundarbantigerproject.info/viewpage.php?page_id=2">the original</a> on 17 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tiger&rft.pub=Sundarbans+Tiger+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundarbantigerproject.info%2Fviewpage.php%3Fpage_id%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndangered+species+%28IUCN+status%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202630/https://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1">"Categories and Criteria (version 3.1)"</a>. <i>www.iucnredlist.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1">the original</a> on 2016-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iucnredlist.org&rft.atitle=Categories+and+Criteria+%28version+3.1%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fstatic%2Fcategories_criteria_3_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEndangered+species+%28IUCN+status%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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විශේෂ (සංරක්ෂණ තත්ත්වය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizadeta_vrsta_(IUCN)" title="Prizadeta vrsta (IUCN) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prizadeta vrsta (IUCN)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99)" title="ชนิดใกล้สูญพันธุ์ (สถานะไอยูซีเอ็น) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชนิดใกล้สูญพันธุ์ (สถานะไอยูซีเอ็น)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Endangered species (IUCN status)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 13:35<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li 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